Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)

＜ March. 200 ４ > 　　　　　　　　 Doc. ： IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi

Submission 　　　　　　　　　　　　 Slide1　　　　 Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT

Submission Title: [Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPANs ]

Date Submitted: [March 2004]Revised: []

Source: [Akira Akeyama & see slide 2] Company [NTT Advanced Technology Corp.] Address [3-9-11, Midori-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-0012, Japan] Voice [+81(422) 51-9811], Fax [+81(422) 56-7676], E-mail [[email protected]]

Re: [Millimeter wave propagation characteristics]

Abstract: [60 and 70GHz-bands propagation characteristics in indoor environment are presented in this document ]

Purpose: [Contribute to mm wave interest group for WPANs]

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual or organization. The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)



The following individuals support this proposal as co-authors: Toshiyuki Hirose (Siemens k.k.) Kouichi Sakamoto (Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Ami Kanazawa (Communications Research Laboratory)

Study on mm wave propagation characteristicsin indoor environment



60GHz-Band is expected to realize a very high rate transmission system. In this document, several propagation characteristics are presented for the promotion of new system proposals.

Content

￭ Indoor propagation loss characteristics

￭ Level fluctuation caused by human movements

￭ Delay spread in indoor environments

This measurement results are a summary of the experimental works done in a collaboration research project for Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc communication in YRP.

Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPANs



オフィス Train/Bus

Conference

Propagation Path ImageOffice Home/Cafeteria



Indoor propagation characters are affected by furnishing, furniture and PC tools.

Propagation loss and Delay-Distance characteristics in both LOS and NLOS are presented.

60GHz band 70GHz band

Frequency 62.5GHz 70GHz

Tx Power

Polarity

Antenna

Gain

Antenna Height

TEST Equipment Vector Network Analyzer

2 dBm

V Plane

10 ｄ Bi(60°), 16(30°), 22(15°)

100 ｃｍ

Horn Antenna

Measurement Parameters



7.78m

1.72m

4.77m

3.52m2.65m

2.65m

2.58m

5.26m

2.435m

1m

2m2.5m

3m3.5m

4.5m5m

5.5m6m

Tx

RxWall 2

Wall 1

Wall 1

Room 1

Room 2

Room 3

Kitchen

Living room

- 80

- 70

- 60

- 50

- 40

- 30

- 20

- 10

0

1 10

RX distance from TX [m]

receiv

ed p

ow

er

[dB

m]

linear (vertical)linear (horizontal)circular

２３４５

Room 1

Wall 2 Room 3Room 2

： propagation loss： propagation distance： free space propagation loss： transparency loss of each wall

n

iiAdfL

1

L

d dfiA

An example of propagation at 60GHz loss in a home environment

Propagation Loss in a Home Environment

Wall 1



To calculate the reflection and transmission characteristics from/through the building material, the complex permittivity of construction materials are indispensable.

Complex permittivity measuring system

Radius1　 1m

θ θ

Transmitter Antenna Receiver Antenna

Adjuster

Absorber

Incident AngleWooden made Arch

Styrene Foam

　　 Reference Plane

Material under Test

θ



00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

1

0 20 40 60 80

Angle of Incidence [degrees]

Refl

ectio

n C

oeffi

cien

t

TETMTE (theory)TM (theory)

Plaster board (Ceiling

material) 　

Reflection and Transparency Coefficient

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

Tra

nsp

are

ncy

loss

[d

B]

Frequency [GHz]



Complex Permittivity

Construction Material 62GHz 70GHz

A Glass (Normal type) 6.24-0.17i 6.16-0.13i

B Glass (Infrared absorption type) 6.43-0.15i 6.45-0.16i

C Glass (Infrared reflection type) 6.30-0.15i 6.14-1.67i

D Glass (with wire netting) 6.08-1.27i 6.25-0.17i

E Plaster board (Wall) 2.17-0.01i 2.66-0.02i

F Plaster board (Ceiling) 2.48-0.03i 2.43-0.04i

G Marble（ Bianco carrara） 7.90-0.05i 7.40-0.04i

H Granite (Caledonia) 4.85-1.42i 4.49-1.29i

I Granite (Zimbabwe black) 6.75-0.52i 7.00-0.50i

J Lawn of grass (Dry) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006i

K Lawn of grass (Wet) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006i

A-F: Actual value calculated by Reflection coefficient and Transparency coefficient

G-K: Effective value calculated by only Reflection coefficient



4.2-1 図什器類の利用頻度分布調査結果

7%

12%

5%

5%

1%

3%

28%

3%

1%

11%

10%

14%エアコン

タンス

テーブル類

ハンガー

ピアノ

ベッド、ソファ

ラック

家電（大小）

植物

他

棚

本棚

エアコン

ラック

棚

本箱

タンス

BookcaseWardrobe

Air-conditioner

Rack

Shelf

Furniture’s Existence Probability



Transparency Loss of Furniture

Furniture Empty Stuffed

Wardrobe 12.1 dB 25.9 dB

Hanger 0.7 10.8

Bookcase 7.3 28.6

TV Set 22.9

Measured ：６０ GH ｚ band



-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

0 0. 02 0. 04 0. 06 0. 08 0. 1 0. 12 0. 14

TX-RX hei ght (meter)

Path

loss

(dB)

Loss ( two wave model ) l oss wi thout desk Measurements

Propagation Characteristics above the Desk Surface

Height pattern



Received Power Level Fluctuation -LOS-

Fad

ing

rang

e

Cum

ulat

ive

prob

abil

ity

[%]



★

Path A

Path B

LoS path

h=2.05m

h=1.05m

Measurement Scenery

-70-60-50-40-30-20-10010

0 1 2 3 4 5

Relative level (dB)

Time (sec)

f:70.0GHzht,hr:1.05mAnt.:Horn(15deg)d:7.3mone person goes across the LoS



The Total Fade Duration per Hour

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

offices

exhibition hall

The path interruption occurrence in hour (N)

The number of persons per square meter (Dp)

Nv

BTi

Ti ： Total fade duration

B : Average body size

v : Walking speed of persons

N : The number of path interruption

Mean fade duration

N=260Dp



LOS

Tx60°Rx30°Tx60°Rx60°Tx60°Rx15°Tx60°Rx30°Tx60°Rx60°

Delay Spread -Office-

NLOS



2

4

6

0

8

Del

ay S

prea

d (n

s)

Freq.:70GHz

Antenna BW : 15° BW : 60°

0 4 8Distance (m)

2 6

NLoS

Delay Spread -Cafeteria-



-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

rela

tive

leve

l [dB

]

Time [ns]

Tx

Rx

Delay Profile

Delay Spread

0

5

10

15

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

V pol.H pol.C pol.

Delay Spread [ns]

Halfpower Beam Width [deg]

Delay Spread -Train Environment-



Summary・ Propagation loss 　

　　 Total loss = Free space loss + Obstacle loss

Obstacle loss and complex permittivity were measured

　　 Path above the desk : Clear height pattern was observed

・ Level fluctuation due to human movements

　　 LOS : Fading range (10%-90%) was about 1dB

　　 NLOS : Path interruption rate was measured

・ Delay spread in indoor environments

LOS (NLOS) : RMS delay spread < 10ns (Directional Ant.)



[1]T.Suzuki, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(9)RMS Delay Measurements In Indoor Radio Channels-“TSMMW2002,p-9(2002-03)

[2]N.Sakamoto, et al, “Indoor propagation Experiment at 60GHz and 70GHz-A study of propagation characteristic in an office environment-“ TECNICAL REPORT OF IEICE.RCS2002-3001,pp157-162(2003-03)

[3]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(4) (4)Receiving Power Time Variation Characteristics in 70GHz Band Indoor Propagation–“ TSMMW2003,2-4,(2003-03)

[4]F.Ohkubo, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(5)Statistical characteristic of shadowing loss due to human movement –“ TSMMW2003,2-5,(2003-03)

[5]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(8)60GHz Band propagation Loss Characteristics Along the Surface of Wooden/Metallic Desk Planes-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)

[6]T.Hirose, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(7) Strict Solution of Fresnel Zone Radius and Visibility Estimation-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)

Reference



[7]A.Akeyama, et al, “Propagation Characteristics in Indoor Environments” 　 2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology (TCWCT2003)

[8] A. Kanazawa, D. Ushiki, and H. Ogawa, 　 "Practical Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System", 　 WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 507-511, Oct. 2003.

[9] A. Kanazawa, N. Sakamoto, and H. Ogawa, 　 "Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System in a train", 　 WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 512-516, Oct. 2003.

[10] F. Ohkubo, N. Ida, A.. Akeyama, A. Kanazawa, H, Ogawa, “A Study on Shadowing Characteristics in Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless Access System” ClimDiff 2003 Fortaleza Brazil, Statistical and Fundamental Modeling of Radio wave Propagation in Wireless Systems Diff.22 1-7, Nov. 2003

[11] A. Kanazawa, H. Ogawa, K. Sakamoto, S. Tago, F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, N. Kuribayashi, and T. Hirose, 　 "Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Construction Materials at 62 GHz and 70 GHz",IEICE, Vol.J87-B, No.3, To be published at Mar. 2004.

[1 ２ ]F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, A. Kanazawa, and H. Ogawa, ” Millimeter-Wave Ad Hoc Wireless Access System -(7) A Study on Fade Duration in Exhibition HallsⅢ-”, TSMMW2004, (2004-02).

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Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)