PROJECT HERMESPROJECT HERMESHuman Expedition Reconnaissance for Mars Human Expedition Reconnaissance for Mars

Exploration ScienceExploration Scienceon Expedition Alpha Using MSC’s Astronaut EVA Dataloggerson Expedition Alpha Using MSC’s Astronaut EVA Dataloggers

• Project HERMES evolved Project HERMES evolved from the SEMS research from the SEMS research conducted during Expedition conducted during Expedition Two and the Crew 25 and Two and the Crew 25 and Crew 29 missions at MDRS.Crew 29 missions at MDRS.

• Procedures for SEMS have been Procedures for SEMS have been refined considerably since each refined considerably since each of those missions, so looking at of those missions, so looking at those reports will show the those reports will show the progression, but not necessarily progression, but not necessarily the reasons for the changes. This the reasons for the changes. This document should be the only document should be the only document consulted for SEMS document consulted for SEMS procedures.procedures.

Purpose of the SEMSPurpose of the SEMS

• Effective asynchronous collaboration and Effective asynchronous collaboration and communication between the RST and the field communication between the RST and the field crewcrew

• Process of increasing focus from large scale Process of increasing focus from large scale to smallto small

• Photo documentation of features and samplesPhoto documentation of features and samples• Putting remote and field crews “On the same Putting remote and field crews “On the same

page”page”• Influencing Automation and Robotics researchInfluencing Automation and Robotics research• Science Directed ScoutingScience Directed Scouting• Photo-location of features for Site RevisitsPhoto-location of features for Site Revisits

Purpose of the Purpose of the DataloggerDatalogger

• To aide the astronaut-scout in acquiring and To aide the astronaut-scout in acquiring and reporting geological and geospatial information.reporting geological and geospatial information.– Combines a GPS with camera, and PDA computer for voice Combines a GPS with camera, and PDA computer for voice

and text notes; along with compass, electronic sample and text notes; along with compass, electronic sample labeler, and tools for geological field work.labeler, and tools for geological field work.

– Uses software to integrate the data by stamping all photos Uses software to integrate the data by stamping all photos with GPS and Time information, and captioning photos with GPS and Time information, and captioning photos according to the naming convention established by the SEMS according to the naming convention established by the SEMS methodology; post-EVA scouts use spreadsheets to manually methodology; post-EVA scouts use spreadsheets to manually link to data such as audio files, photos and GPS track-logs.link to data such as audio files, photos and GPS track-logs.

• Second purpose to acquire operational information Second purpose to acquire operational information for work measurement studies that assess the for work measurement studies that assess the exploration strategy’s work efficiency on a task, tool exploration strategy’s work efficiency on a task, tool and temporal basis. These define the “metrics of and temporal basis. These define the “metrics of exploration”.exploration”.

Purpose of Project Purpose of Project HERMESHERMES

• A goal of the research in the long term is to answer “How can A goal of the research in the long term is to answer “How can the exploration circle be explored the exploration circle be explored effectivelyeffectively without missing without missing any important features (both geological and biological) in a 500 any important features (both geological and biological) in a 500 day mission using all available resources (robotics, remote day mission using all available resources (robotics, remote sensing, RST, technology, etc.)?”sensing, RST, technology, etc.)?”

• Project HERMES approaches this goal by establishing some Project HERMES approaches this goal by establishing some basic metrics regarding the time it takes to do a scouting basic metrics regarding the time it takes to do a scouting campaign for the finite number of feature types / terrain types campaign for the finite number of feature types / terrain types found in the MDRS area. Once these metrics are measured for found in the MDRS area. Once these metrics are measured for additional Mars analog features / terrains that span the entire additional Mars analog features / terrains that span the entire variety found on Mars, this data can be extrapolated to define variety found on Mars, this data can be extrapolated to define the total time required to explore *any* location on Mars, per the total time required to explore *any* location on Mars, per given science goal.given science goal.

• Expedition Alpha is focused on developing the metrics for the Expedition Alpha is focused on developing the metrics for the terrain / features in the MDRS area when the goal is specifically terrain / features in the MDRS area when the goal is specifically to search for chemical or biological concretions. The mode of to search for chemical or biological concretions. The mode of investigation in the field may be similar to modes for other investigation in the field may be similar to modes for other science goals, so the metrics can be extrapolated based on science goals, so the metrics can be extrapolated based on analogous scouting strategies.analogous scouting strategies.

Data Hierarchy and Naming Data Hierarchy and Naming ConventionsConventions

• Data is organized by hierarchical naming convention.• Photos and audio comments recorded in the field must be

renamed during post-EVA work before uploading to the website.

• Each photo and audio file is named according to the hierarchy (summarized at the end of this guidebook) so that a lower level contains the information naming the higher level datasets that should be associated with it. Examples provided later for each hierarchical level.

• Each field site location is designated “Circle.YX” (where YX is a grid-referenced name or a map site name), Y being the y-axis, and X being the x-axis. For ExAlpha will we use the grid-referenced Circle names which will be described later. The grid circle photo should be named Circle.<Circle Name>.jpg

• Panoramas are photographed at sites regularly spaced on the scouting grid (the grid nodes), as well as secondarily in as much as 4 locations around the grid nodes to provide “adequate” visual record of the Map. Pan.<Circle Name>.<Central/Bearing> would be the naming convention; where “central” is used for the central pan, and bearing direction is used for any secondary pans from the secondary to the central.

Additional ProceduresAdditional Procedures• Use metric system when describing features.

• Rocky Persaud on the RST will take the GPS tracklog provided by the scouts and use the GPS-Photo-Link software to stamp each with GPS and time information; each file will have the time stamp added to the file name so that information is available for the time studies.

• Voice Notes should be used for reporting non-photographic observations, procedural deviations, and operational data. Audio files should be similarly named by the hierarchical convention. A voice comment on the Pan.B5.central.jpg photo would be recorded in Pan.B5.central.wav file. Additional audio comments for the same photo would add a descriptive word (Pan.B5.central.navigation.wav, Pan.B5.central.complaint.wav)

Exploration Circle Map Exploration Circle Map PerspectivePerspective

• An Exploration Circle is the An Exploration Circle is the area that might be area that might be explorable from a landed explorable from a landed Mars base. We will assume Mars base. We will assume it covers an area of 100 to it covers an area of 100 to 400 km in diameter.400 km in diameter.

• The explorable area will The explorable area will depend on many factors depend on many factors such as whether such as whether exploration will be only to exploration will be only to targeted sites of known targeted sites of known interest, or whether a interest, or whether a gridded scouting pattern gridded scouting pattern will be used to discover will be used to discover geological features geological features unknown by prior satellite unknown by prior satellite reconnaissance.reconnaissance.

• Project HERMES assumes Project HERMES assumes there is more to be found there is more to be found on Mars than can be seen on Mars than can be seen from satellite images.from satellite images.

Regional Map PerspectiveRegional Map Perspective

• Establish grid system to identify a location referencing system.

• Identify areas within this perspective that meet mission objectives; or establish a scouting campaign strategy to systematically search for features of interest based on science campaign goals.

• This map is named by convention: Region.<Region Name>.jpg.

Local Map PerspectiveLocal Map Perspective• Grid nodes are the center for

circular areas to be scouted (Scouting Circles)

• Circle perimeters are not absolute boundaries.

• Each scouting circle visited (1 to 3 km in diameter) is designated Circle.<Circle Name>

• The image file would be Circle.<Circle Name>.jpg

• Document all associated data (grid node coordinates, map scale, map resolution). The RST has to have same data for consistency. This step can be done prior to EVA, and may be provided by the RST or the field team.

• Within each Circle, a central Pan must be done approximately at the location of the grid node, and as many as 4 secondary Pans to establish adequate photo-coverage of the Circle.

• Pre-EVA traverse planning can use topographic information to determine the best locations for the secondary pans.

Panorama SitesPanorama Sites• The crew scouts in pairs, and they are told to split up after the central The crew scouts in pairs, and they are told to split up after the central

pan of each circle.  For safety reasons as well as to get some human pan of each circle.  For safety reasons as well as to get some human factors data, each scout in the pair will have a non-scout buddy factors data, each scout in the pair will have a non-scout buddy observer (for a total of 4 people on the EVA team) with either a video observer (for a total of 4 people on the EVA team) with either a video camera or PDA taking work measurements on their actions; the buddy camera or PDA taking work measurements on their actions; the buddy is there also to hold the Jacob's staff whenever the scout needs is there also to hold the Jacob's staff whenever the scout needs someone to do that; but otherwise, they are not to help the scout with someone to do that; but otherwise, they are not to help the scout with the scouting.the scouting.

• At the beginning of each EVA, verify the At the beginning of each EVA, verify the tracklogtracklog is being recorded in is being recorded in ArcPad. Recheck this several more times throughout the EVA.ArcPad. Recheck this several more times throughout the EVA.

• Each dataset will contain Panoramas.  The crew will stitch these Each dataset will contain Panoramas.  The crew will stitch these together from 12 individual shots.  Each Pan begins at Pan North, and together from 12 individual shots.  Each Pan begins at Pan North, and continues clockwise at 30 degree increments from Pan 30 to Pan 330. continues clockwise at 30 degree increments from Pan 30 to Pan 330. Post-EVA, if possible stitch pan images together using available Post-EVA, if possible stitch pan images together using available software (such as Panorama Factory).software (such as Panorama Factory).

• Each scouting pair will each do the Pan Central of each Circle together; Each scouting pair will each do the Pan Central of each Circle together; they both duplicate that Pan; but they separately split off to each do a they both duplicate that Pan; but they separately split off to each do a maximum of two secondary pans each, as well as divide up the maximum of two secondary pans each, as well as divide up the worksites for the central pan.  (If the area in a scouting circle is so worksites for the central pan.  (If the area in a scouting circle is so barren and featureless as to make the central pan adequate to cover barren and featureless as to make the central pan adequate to cover the entire area, then no secondary pans are needed.)the entire area, then no secondary pans are needed.)

• At each pan site At each pan site plant a flag to mark the pan siteplant a flag to mark the pan site for other parts of this for other parts of this procedure. Scouts should retrieve the flag before they depart the circle procedure. Scouts should retrieve the flag before they depart the circle after the last secondary pan is completed.after the last secondary pan is completed.

Pan.B5.Central

Pan.B5.232

Pan.B5.150

Pan.B5.45

Pan.B5.345

Pan Bearing

Only consider worksites within reasonable walking distance from the pan sites, and easily seen in the pan site views

Panorama ProceduresPanorama Procedures• Just Just before thebefore the firstfirst photo for the first pan photo for the first pan

central site of each EVA, record an central site of each EVA, record an audio audio commentcomment “beginning calibration”, and take a “beginning calibration”, and take a photo of the GPSphoto of the GPS reading in UTM coordinates. reading in UTM coordinates. This is to calibrate the time difference between the GPS clock as recorded in the tracklog and the camera clock, and the PDA clock (as stamped on the audio file). Call the photo Calibrate.<Circle Name>.jpg and the voice note Calibrate.<Circle Name>.wav

•For each For each secondary pansecondary pan, the scout begins by taking the , the scout begins by taking the bearing bearing direction to the pan central site flag,direction to the pan central site flag, so they name that pan after the so they name that pan after the <Pan Bearing> direction.<Pan Bearing> direction.•Worksites for the central pan are documented before proceeding to Worksites for the central pan are documented before proceeding to the secondary pan site locations.the secondary pan site locations.•Taking a panTaking a pan: Place the camera on the Suunto Global Matchbox : Place the camera on the Suunto Global Matchbox Compass, look down at the needle to mark the 30 degree increments Compass, look down at the needle to mark the 30 degree increments and click the shutter button to take the shot; looking through the and click the shutter button to take the shot; looking through the LCD or viewfinder is not needed, and will probably cause the scout to LCD or viewfinder is not needed, and will probably cause the scout to move off from the proper bearing or consume too much time move off from the proper bearing or consume too much time verifying the direction. The scout pivots standing in the same spot. verifying the direction. The scout pivots standing in the same spot. This method is quick enough to take an entire panorama from Pan This method is quick enough to take an entire panorama from Pan North to Pan 330 in less than 30 seconds.North to Pan 330 in less than 30 seconds.

Pan Naming ConventionPan Naming Convention

• Post EVA, the Pan photo must be renamed Post EVA, the Pan photo must be renamed according to convention Pan.<Circle according to convention Pan.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central / Pan Bearing>.jpg -- Name>.<Pan Central / Pan Bearing>.jpg -- where Pan Central means the pan taken in the where Pan Central means the pan taken in the center of the Circle approximately (you will center of the Circle approximately (you will have GPS coordinates stamped on all photos of have GPS coordinates stamped on all photos of each individual 1/12th view pan, but not the each individual 1/12th view pan, but not the 360 pan itself since it is a composite), and Pan 360 pan itself since it is a composite), and Pan Bearing means the Bearing means the bearing direction to the bearing direction to the flagflag placed at Pan Central.  ie. A secondary placed at Pan Central.  ie. A secondary pan site within the same circle B5 at bearing pan site within the same circle B5 at bearing 289 to the flag, would be call Pan.B5.289.jpg289 to the flag, would be call Pan.B5.289.jpg

Measuring Worksite BearingsMeasuring Worksite Bearings

• Standing at each pan site, Standing at each pan site, after the 12 portions of each after the 12 portions of each pan is photographed, scouts take <Worksite Bearings> to pan is photographed, scouts take <Worksite Bearings> to measure the location of each worksite they are measure the location of each worksite they are suggesting to us as possible sites for investigation.  Once suggesting to us as possible sites for investigation.  Once they have recorded by paper or text note on the PDA the they have recorded by paper or text note on the PDA the <Worksite Bearings> to the center line of each worksite, <Worksite Bearings> to the center line of each worksite, the scout takes a the scout takes a voice notevoice note to record the bearings for to record the bearings for each worksite.each worksite.

• For example, if channel geometry is visible in a worksite For example, if channel geometry is visible in a worksite bearing 35 degrees from north in a pan site called bearing 35 degrees from north in a pan site called Pan.B5.central, make a voice note called Pan.B5.central, make a voice note called Worksite.B5.central.35.wavWorksite.B5.central.35.wav

• Each worksite is then photographed. The worksite must Each worksite is then photographed. The worksite must be horizontally framed by 33% of the rest of the photo -- be horizontally framed by 33% of the rest of the photo -- so that the geology backroom knows exactly what area so that the geology backroom knows exactly what area each scout is suggesting as a worksite, plus we can see each scout is suggesting as a worksite, plus we can see the surrounding context of that worksite.the surrounding context of that worksite.

• Example: Example: <---------[----|----]---------> <---------[----|----]--------->

Down-Selecting Worksites for Down-Selecting Worksites for InvestigationInvestigation

• We are scouting the area to specifically find We are scouting the area to specifically find concretions, as well as to document the representative concretions, as well as to document the representative geology, and any unusual features / outcrops not native geology, and any unusual features / outcrops not native to the area (brought by water or wind, or erupted from to the area (brought by water or wind, or erupted from below)below)

• Create horizon shots for up to five worksites, but take Create horizon shots for up to five worksites, but take at least two of them further down the hierarchy. These at least two of them further down the hierarchy. These should be: one worksite that is should be: one worksite that is representative of the representative of the areaarea; one worksite that is noticeably different from the ; one worksite that is noticeably different from the area and/or has area and/or has unusualunusual features or contain rocks features or contain rocks obvious not formed in place (ie. erratics, “country obvious not formed in place (ie. erratics, “country rock”).rock”).

• If there is more than one type of worksite that is If there is more than one type of worksite that is representative, ie. there are both several debris slopes representative, ie. there are both several debris slopes and several cliff faces common through the pan site and several cliff faces common through the pan site view, select one worksite per representative type.view, select one worksite per representative type.

• As many additional worksites that contain what we are As many additional worksites that contain what we are looking for – concretions – as are found to have natural looking for – concretions – as are found to have natural worksite boundaries.worksite boundaries.

Worksite in the middle

third of photo also showing

horizon

Bearing Direction to Centerline

Horizon PerspectiveHorizon Perspective• For each worksite, with horizon visible

in image, photograph the worksite horizontally within the middle 33% of the photo.

• The worksite is determined by natural boundaries that each scout judges for himself/herself -- such as changes in lithology, contacts, etc.  Vertically the horizon shot should include the horizon. 

• Note <Worksite Bearing> direction to the center of the worksite from the Pan Site Flag.

• The worksite bearing is the center line of the worksite as viewed from the pan location. 

• The horizon shot must be pointed at that same bearing so the angle as seen from the pan is the same as seen in the horizon shot. 

• The photo of each horizon shot is then called Worksite.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.jpg. 

• Example:  at a worksite 23 degrees from the a secondary pan 289: Worksite.B5.289.23.jpg

• Use Jacob’s Staff for scale, placed at the foot of the worksite at the centerline.

•Worksites within the location are designated by bearing direction from the panoramic photo. Worksite.<Circle Name>.<Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing> is a worksite within the location defined by the Pan.

Outcrop PerspectiveOutcrop Perspective• First job at an "outcrop" is to take the

<Outcrop Bearing> from the center of the outcrop back to the pan site flag. 

• Then the scout takes a photo of the "outcrop" or feature of interest, but according to procedure it also must be framed by 33% horizontal borders -- ie. the outcrop is centered in the middle third, and the context is the remaining 33% on the left and 33% on the right. 

• This perspective is the bridge between the local environment context (seen in pan and horizon perspectives) and the sample to be taken within this image. Therefore, the RST should be able to identify within this image where the sample is taken.

• Place a rock hammer at the centerline of the outcrop photo, or use a Jacob’s staff.

• Voice Note any unusual features, and describe the outcrop fully.

• So the scout has taken a photo that will be named Outcrop.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.jpg. Example for outcrop at bearing 210 back to the pan site: Outcrop.B5.289.23.210.jpg

•<Outcrop Bearing> <Outcrop Bearing> is measured from the is measured from the center of the outcrop center of the outcrop back to the Pan Site back to the Pan Site flagflag, and is useful when trying to place two , and is useful when trying to place two features adjacent (meters) to each other -- features adjacent (meters) to each other -- better than simply naming the outcrops better than simply naming the outcrops numerically, chronologically or otherwise, the numerically, chronologically or otherwise, the bearing allows the RST to know how the bearing allows the RST to know how the features relate to each other spatially in the features relate to each other spatially in the horizon view photo.  Since the <Worksite horizon view photo.  Since the <Worksite Bearing> is the bearing for worksite Bearing> is the bearing for worksite centered by the center line of the photo, then centered by the center line of the photo, then <Outcrop Bearing> will equal <Worksite <Outcrop Bearing> will equal <Worksite Bearing> +/- 180 degrees only if the outcrop Bearing> +/- 180 degrees only if the outcrop is in the center of the worksite. For most is in the center of the worksite. For most cases it will not be, and thus the <Outcrop cases it will not be, and thus the <Outcrop Bearing> tells us relative positive from the Bearing> tells us relative positive from the photo centerline.photo centerline.

Documenting SamplesDocumenting Samples• The next steps are straight-forward, all involving sampling of the outcrop.  The next steps are straight-forward, all involving sampling of the outcrop. 

There are InSitu photos, Sample Site photos, Weathered Surface and Fresh There are InSitu photos, Sample Site photos, Weathered Surface and Fresh Surface photos, and Magnified Sample photos.  Each have the exact same Surface photos, and Magnified Sample photos.  Each have the exact same naming convention except differ by the beginning part.  Samples are naming convention except differ by the beginning part.  Samples are named numerically, beginning at number 1.named numerically, beginning at number 1.

• InSitu.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite InSitu.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpgBearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpg

• Site.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Site.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpgBearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpg

• Weathered.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Weathered.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpgBearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpg

• Fresh.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Fresh.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpgBearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpg

• Mag.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Mag.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpg Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpg

• Ex:  The second sample at previously mentioned outcrop would have the Ex:  The second sample at previously mentioned outcrop would have the following photos: following photos: InSitu.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg InSitu.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Site.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Site.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Fresh.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Fresh.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Weathered.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Weathered.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Mag.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Mag.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg

Sample documentation Sample documentation detailsdetails

• The InSitu and Sample Site view should use a small scale bar to give The InSitu and Sample Site view should use a small scale bar to give scale, and follow the 33% framing rule again.scale, and follow the 33% framing rule again.

• The Fresh photo is a close-up of the fresh surface of the sample; The Fresh photo is a close-up of the fresh surface of the sample;

• The Weathered Surface is the side exposed to weathering.  The Weathered Surface is the side exposed to weathering. 

• The macro function on the camera fixes the focal length to its default, and The macro function on the camera fixes the focal length to its default, and this is used for the Fresh, Weathered and Mag views.this is used for the Fresh, Weathered and Mag views.

• The Mag photo is taken through the 10X photo loupe (which serves as a The Mag photo is taken through the 10X photo loupe (which serves as a crude field microscope) provided with the datalogger kits.crude field microscope) provided with the datalogger kits.

• Back at the hab lab, each sample is photographed once more, to make a Back at the hab lab, each sample is photographed once more, to make a sample photo called: sample photo called: Sample.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Sample.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpgBearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>.jpg

• Ex:  Sample.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg Ex:  Sample.B5.289.23.210.2.jpg

• The The sample is labelled in the fieldsample is labelled in the field with the electronic labeller (label is just with the electronic labeller (label is just dropped into the Zip Lock bag without peeling the backing off) according dropped into the Zip Lock bag without peeling the backing off) according to the same convention:to the same convention:

• Sample.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Sample.<Circle Name>.<Pan Central/Bearing>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>

• Ex:  Sample.B5.289.23.210.2 Ex:  Sample.B5.289.23.210.2

Documenting Small-Scale Documenting Small-Scale FeaturesFeatures

• Some samples may not be taken back to the Some samples may not be taken back to the hab, but discarded in the field.  In those hab, but discarded in the field.  In those cases, only the Sample Site photo and the cases, only the Sample Site photo and the Sample photos would not be taken.  The Sample photos would not be taken.  The InSitu, the Fresh, Weathered and Mag InSitu, the Fresh, Weathered and Mag views would be taken if the "sample" is views would be taken if the "sample" is broken off; but only the InSitu shot for non-broken off; but only the InSitu shot for non-broken surfaces -- ie. to show textures and broken surfaces -- ie. to show textures and details in the rock such as cross-bedding, details in the rock such as cross-bedding, ripple marks, Z and S folds, etc. ripple marks, Z and S folds, etc.

In Situ PerspectiveIn Situ Perspective

• Ruler should be Ruler should be used for scale at this used for scale at this stepstep

• Note unusual Note unusual featuresfeatures

• Try to take photo in Try to take photo in the direction of the direction of where the pan site where the pan site flag is 180 degrees flag is 180 degrees behind you, and behind you, and frame it with the frame it with the 33% rule.33% rule.

Sample Site PerspectiveSample Site Perspective

• Image sample site Image sample site after sample after sample removed from fieldremoved from field

• Take it from the Take it from the same distance and same distance and angle as the in-situ angle as the in-situ perspective with perspective with scale.scale.

WeatheredWeathered Vs. Fresh Surface Naked Vs. Fresh Surface Naked Eye PerspectiveEye Perspective

• Break sample with Break sample with rock hammer.rock hammer.

• Take close up image Take close up image of both weathered of both weathered (external) surface (external) surface and fresh (internal) and fresh (internal) surface with scale surface with scale bar.bar.

• Take another ruler to Take another ruler to measure clast size, measure clast size, visible minerals, or visible minerals, or grain size if possible.grain size if possible.

• Note lithology in Note lithology in voice note.voice note.

Magnified Magnified Sample Sample

PerspectivePerspective• Use 10X photo loupe Use 10X photo loupe

and camera’s macro to and camera’s macro to taken this photo.taken this photo.

• Add voice note about Add voice note about where on sample this where on sample this view was taken.view was taken.

• In voice note describe In voice note describe the lithology, scratch the lithology, scratch tests, etc.tests, etc.

Summary: Exploration to Summary: Exploration to Horizon ViewHorizon View

• Exploration Map (500-day exploration circle surrounding landing Exploration Map (500-day exploration circle surrounding landing site)site)

• Regional Map (quadrant of exploration circle designated for Regional Map (quadrant of exploration circle designated for research purposes)research purposes)

• Local Map (gridded locations or targeted areas from the regional Local Map (gridded locations or targeted areas from the regional map. Name: map. Name: Circle.<Circle Name>Circle.<Circle Name>))

• Panoramic View (name: Panoramic View (name: Pan.<Circle Name>.<Pan Pan.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>Bearing/Central>). If the Pan is the central one, call it Pan.<Circle ). If the Pan is the central one, call it Pan.<Circle Name>.Central; otherwise a secondary Pan should be named Name>.Central; otherwise a secondary Pan should be named according to the Bearing to the Central Pan according to the Bearing to the Central Pan fromfrom the Secondary the Secondary Pan point.Pan point.

• Horizon View (name: Horizon View (name: Worksite.<Circle Name>.<Pan Worksite.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>) where <Worksite ) where <Worksite Bearing> is the bearing to the center line of the photo which Bearing> is the bearing to the center line of the photo which frames the worksite in the Horizon shot. The worksite should be frames the worksite in the Horizon shot. The worksite should be framed within the middle 33% of the photo. If it is possible to framed within the middle 33% of the photo. If it is possible to place a Jacob’s staff at the center line, do so. Take the horizon place a Jacob’s staff at the center line, do so. Take the horizon view from the view from the same bearing anglesame bearing angle from the pan point, so that the from the pan point, so that the pan point is directly behind you in line with the center line of the pan point is directly behind you in line with the center line of the Horizon photo. Adjust zoom level or move forward or backwards Horizon photo. Adjust zoom level or move forward or backwards on the bearing line to make the worksite framed horizontally on the bearing line to make the worksite framed horizontally properly in the middle 33%, with the skyline of the horizon in the properly in the middle 33%, with the skyline of the horizon in the view as well.view as well.

Summary: Outcrop to Summary: Outcrop to Magnified ViewMagnified View

• Outcrop View (name: Outcrop View (name: Outcrop.<Circle Name>.<Pan Outcrop.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>) where <Outcrop ) where <Outcrop Bearing> is the bearing Bearing> is the bearing backback to the Pan site. The outcrop should be framed to the Pan site. The outcrop should be framed within the middle 33% of the photo, with a Jacob’s staff.within the middle 33% of the photo, with a Jacob’s staff.

• In-Situ View (name: In-Situ View (name: InSitu.<Circle Name>.<Pan InSitu.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>Number>). The sample should be framed within the middle ). The sample should be framed within the middle 33%33% of the of the photo, with a scale bar.photo, with a scale bar.

• Sample Site View (name: Sample Site View (name: Site.<Circle Name>.<Pan Site.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>Number>). The sample site should be framed within the middle ). The sample site should be framed within the middle 33%33% of the of the photo, with a scale bar.photo, with a scale bar.

• Weathered Surface View (name: Weathered Surface View (name: Fresh.<Circle Name>.<Pan Fresh.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>Number>). The sample should be fully framed within ). The sample should be fully framed within 100%100% of the photo, with of the photo, with a scale bar.a scale bar.

• Fresh Surface View (name: Fresh Surface View (name: Weathered.<Circle Name>.<Pan Weathered.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>Number>). The sample should be fully framed within ). The sample should be fully framed within 100%100% of the photo, with of the photo, with a scale bar.a scale bar.

• Magnified Sample View (name: Magnified Sample View (name: Mag.<Circle Name>.<Pan Mag.<Circle Name>.<Pan Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Bearing/Central>.<Worksite Bearing>.<Outcrop Bearing>.<Sample Number>Number>). Use the ). Use the macro and the 10X photo loupemacro and the 10X photo loupe..

Naming Scheme notesNaming Scheme notes• <Outcrop Bearing> is useful when trying to <Outcrop Bearing> is useful when trying to

place two features adjacent (meters) to each place two features adjacent (meters) to each other -- better than simply naming the other -- better than simply naming the outcrops numerically, chronologically or outcrops numerically, chronologically or otherwise, the bearing allows the RST to otherwise, the bearing allows the RST to know how the features relate to each other know how the features relate to each other spatially in the horizon view photo.  Since the spatially in the horizon view photo.  Since the <Worksite Bearing> is the bearing for <Worksite Bearing> is the bearing for worksite centered by the center line of the worksite centered by the center line of the photo, then <Outcrop Bearing> will equal photo, then <Outcrop Bearing> will equal <Worksite Bearing> +/- 180 degrees only if <Worksite Bearing> +/- 180 degrees only if the outcrop is in the center of the worksite. the outcrop is in the center of the worksite. For most cases it will not be, and thus the For most cases it will not be, and thus the <Outcrop Bearing> tells us relative positive <Outcrop Bearing> tells us relative positive from the photo centerline.from the photo centerline.

Food for thoughtFood for thought• During field exploration when certain features need

more documentation than others (endoliths, sedimentary structures, etc.) more detailed documentation will be needed.

• Part of the scouting research is to not only to document a site but to minimize documenting similar sites if site significance has low mission objective/science priority

• How do you effectively document a site so that the field crew does not need to return to same site? Other then using SEMS as part of the field documentation process, how many samples need to be collected to represent the site?