Progressives CHANGE AMERICA. 1890 to 1917 “Progressives were reformers who attempted to solve...
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Progressives CHANGE AMERICA. 1890 to 1917 “Progressives were reformers who attempted to solve problems caused by industry, growth of cities and laissez
1890 to 1917 Progressives were reformers who attempted to solve
problems caused by industry, growth of cities and laissez
faire.
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Progressives were White Protestants Middle class and native
born. College Educated Professionals Social workers Scholars
Politicians Preachers Teachers Writers
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Reform = Progress Always possible and good Progress not
inevitable but blocked by ignorance and corruption Everyone /
everything can be improved Traditions = automatically suspect
Experts can ALWAYS find one best way Education & Purity always
= progress. Mission = Progress for world
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When did the movement begin? Farmers organize during the 1870s
The Grange1867---local level Farmers Alliance---state level
Populist Party--national level Peoples Party
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Adopt Populist Ideas Move away from laissez faire with
government regulating industry Make US government responsive to the
people (voting) Limit power of the political bosses. Improve
workers rights, conditions for poor and immigrants Clean up the
cities End segregation and Jim Crow
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Populists vs Progressives Populists---rural
Progressives---cities Populists were poor and uneducated
Progressives were middle-class and educated. Populists were too
radical Progressives stayed political mainstream. Populists failed
Progressives succeeded
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Areas to Reform Social Justice Political Democracy Economic
Equality Conservation
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Social Justice Social Justice Improve working conditions in
industry, regulate unfair business practices, eliminate child
labor, help immigrants and the poor
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Muckrakers were journalists and photographers who exposed the
abuses of wealth and power. They felt it was their job to write and
expose corruption in industry, cities and government. Progressives
exposed corruption but offered no solutions. MUCKRAKERS
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They believed that if the public could only see or read for
itself.. There would be an outcry and people would want to help
make conditions better.. Or demand the government to make reforms.
Digging up the dirt = Digging up the dirt = Investigative
Journalism
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social reality Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 Supreme Court
legalized segregation throughout the nation. Separate but Equal as
long as public facilities were equalSeparate but Equal as long as
public facilities were equal Problem: Black facilities never equal
to White facilitiesProblem: Black facilities never equal to White
facilities
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Upton Sinclairs, The Jungle, exposed the filthy, unsanitary
working conditions and corruption in a meatpacking company in
Chicago
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President Roosevelt proposed legislation to clean up the
meatpacking industry after reading The Jungle. Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act President Roosevelt proposed legislation to
clean up the meatpacking industry after reading The Jungle. Food
and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act
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John Spargo The Bitter Cry of the Children Jacob Riis How the
Other Half Lives
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John Spargo: The Bitter Cry of the Children
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Decided who was worthy of help Wanted immigrants to adopt
American, middle-class standards. Offered charity and justice to
societys problems. Sought to apply the gospel teachings of Christ.
Preached salvation through service to poor Moved into poor
communities settlement housesTheir settlement houses served as
community centers and social service agencies. Hull HouseHull
House, founded by Jane Addams a model settlement house in Chicago,
offered cultural events, classes, childcare, employment assistance,
and health-care clinics. The Charity Organization Movement The
Social Gospel Movement The Settlement Movement Social welfare
reformers work to relieve urban poverty
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To provide a center for higher civic and social life; to
institute and maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises.
To investigate and improve the conditions in the industrial
districts of Chicago. To help assimilate the immigrant population
To provide a center for higher civic and social life; to institute
and maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises. To
investigate and improve the conditions in the industrial districts
of Chicago. To help assimilate the immigrant population To provide
a center for higher civic and social life; to institute and
maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises. To investigate
and improve the conditions in the industrial districts of Chicago.
To help assimilate the immigrant population To provide a center for
higher civic and social life; to institute and maintain educational
and philanthropic enterprises. To investigate and improve the
conditions in the industrial districts of Chicago. To help
assimilate the immigrant population RUN BY COLLEGE EDUCATED WOMEN
provide educational, cultural, social services send visiting nurses
to the sick help with personal, job, financial problems
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Hiram Johnson---Governor of Calif. Workers compensation State
insurance supported workers injured on the job. Robert La
Follette---Gov. of Wisconsin Wisconsin Idea = La Follette Plan
Taxes on incomes and corporations Hiram Johnson---Governor of
Calif. Workers compensation State insurance supported workers
injured on the job. Robert La Follette---Gov. of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Idea = La Follette Plan Taxes on incomes and
corporations
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16 th Amendment: Income Tax (1913) Progressive income tax
assigned higher tax rates to people with higher incomes.
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18 th Amendment: 18 th Amendment: Prohibition (1919) Banned
manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages Movement begins at the
local, state levels and eventually effects the national level..
WCTU or Womens Christian Temperance Union founded in 1874 in
Cleveland, Ohio Frances Willard Carrie Nation Anna Howard Shaw
Anti-Saloon League
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Most successful and well known WCTU reformer was Carrie Nation.
She would march into a bar and sing and pray, while smashing bar
fixtures and stock with a hatchet.
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Between 1900 and 1910 she was arrested some 30 times, and paid
her jail fines from lecture-tour fees and sales of souvenir
hatchets. Changed her name to Carry A. Nation and referred to
herself as A Home Defender.
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Political Democracy Political Democracy Give the government
back to the people, get more people voting and end corruption with
political machines.
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Caucus Caucus---small group of individuals who would choose a
candidate Convention Convention---members from the political
parties nominate a candidate Direct Primary Direct Primary---allow
registered voters to participate in choosing a candidate Which of
these nominating processes would be the most democratic way to
nominate candidates and narrow the field of candidates for the
general election? 1790 to 1828 1828 to 1900 Current System Used
electoral
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17 th Amendment: Direct Election of Senators (1913) Increased
voters power and reduced corruption in Senate
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Preparing the Way for Suffrage Seneca Falls Convention American
women activists first demanded the right to vote in 1848 at the
Seneca Falls Convention in New York. The movement eventually split
into two groups: The National Woman Suffrage Association fought for
a constitutional amendment for suffrage. The American Woman
Suffrage Association worked to win voting rights on the state
level. Wyoming In 1890, Wyoming entered the union and became the
first state to grant women the right to vote. In 1872, in an act of
civil disobedience, a suffrage leader, Susan B. Anthony, insisted
on voting in Rochester, New York. She was arrested for this
act.
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Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leaders of the
suffrage movement, died without seeing the victory of womens
suffrage. At the turn of the century, Carrie Chapman Catt became
the leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA). She led the movement from 1900 to 1904 and again after
1915. In March 1913 Alice Paul and Lucy Burns organized a parade of
5,000 women in Washington, D.C. A New Generation Womens
Suffrage
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Fairness and opportunity in the work world, regulate unfair
trusts and bring about changes in labor. Demonstrate to the common
people that U.S. Government is in charge and not the
industrialists. Progressive Presidents Theodore Roosevelt 1901 to
1909 William Howard Taft 1909 to 1913 1912 Election1912 Election
Woodrow Wilson 1913 to 1921
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Thomas Nast was the artist for Harper's Weekly in the late
1800s. "He has been called, the Father of American Caricature."
Nast's campaign against New York City's political boss William
Tweed is legendary Nast's cartoons depicted Tweed as a sleazy
criminal Tweed was known to say, "Stop them damn pictures. I don't
care what the papers write about me. My constituents can't read.
But, damn it, they can see the pictures."
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Begins in 1906 in a meeting at Niagara Falls, Canada in
opposition to Booker T. Washingtons philosophy of accepting
segregation. 1.Encourage of Black pride 2.Uncompromising demand for
full political and civil equality 3.No acceptance of
segregation----opposed Booker T. Washingtons gradualism. 4.Gain
acceptance of white reformers. 5.Formation of the NAACP in 1906
with Dubois as the editor of the NAACPs journal, The Crisis 6.Other
Black groups formed to support Dubois, National Urban League in
1911
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Improving Conditions for African Americans Lynching Ida Wells
The Red Record.
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Souths Backlash1 0 to 20 20 to 60 60 to 100 100 to 200 200 or
more Lynchings of Whites/Blacks
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Economic Justice Fairness and opportunity in the work world,
regulate unfair trusts and bring about changes in labor.
Demonstrate to the common people that U.S. Government is in charge
and not the industrialists.
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CONSERVATION Preserve natural resources and the
environment
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Square Deal TR believed in the capitalistic system but believed
that the system must be regulated by US Govt. TR was a Hamiltonian
but for the betterment of the common man as opposed to benefit the
elite. Square Deal TR believed in the capitalistic system but
believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt. TR was a
Hamiltonian but for the betterment of the common man as opposed to
benefit the elite. TR believed the U.S. Government was running the
country and not the rich and corrupt industrialists. U.S.
Government involvement with regulatory agencies.Similar to checks
and balances
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Square Deal Reforms of the Progressives start with President
Roosevelt. Areas which he wanted to reform and use the bully pulpit
of the Presidency were the following: Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts
Take the side of labor Railroads Limiting corruption in the
workplace Conservation Square Deal Reforms of the Progressives
start with President Roosevelt. Areas which he wanted to reform and
use the bully pulpit of the Presidency were the following: Bad
Trusts vs. Good Trusts Take the side of labor Railroads Limiting
corruption in the workplace Conservation
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TR, the Trustbuster Department of Labor Bureau of Corporations
Filed more than 40 anti-trust suits using the Sherman Anti-Trust
Act. Northern Securities Standard Oil Swift Beef
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Anthracite 1903 Coal Strike Union wanted shorter days and
higher wages and owners would not negotiate. Winter, nation needed
coal to heat homes. TR calls a White House Conference. TR threatens
to send in troops to run mines Owners back down and TR becomes the
hero of the common working man. Importance:Importance: First time
US Govt. took the side of labor in a dispute.
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Reading The Jungle, TR brought about reform in proposing and
signing into law the Meat Inspection Act, 1906 All meat sold must
inspected Must be marked by Federal inspectors and graded. Meat
industry cleaned up. Fish is regulated. Reading The Jungle, TR
brought about reform in proposing and signing into law the Meat
Inspection Act, 1906 All meat sold must inspected Must be marked by
Federal inspectors and graded. Meat industry cleaned up. Fish is
regulated.
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Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 Federal inspection to all packaged
foods and drugs. Labels with medicine as well as food. Contents of
food and drug packages must be listed All additives/chemicals must
be listed on labels. FDAFDA today or Food and Drug Administration
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 Federal inspection to all packaged
foods and drugs. Labels with medicine as well as food. Contents of
food and drug packages must be listed All additives/chemicals must
be listed on labels. FDAFDA today or Food and Drug
Administration
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Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Elkins ActElkins Act Anti-Rebate Act or Anti- Kick Back Act
Regulates common carriers of people and freight, UPS, Greyhound,
Amtrak, etc. Hepburn ActHepburn Act Regulates rates for passengers
and freight Air travel cost controls Air freight price
controls
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TRs Conservation Policy 125,000 acres in reserve National
Reclamation Act 1902 25 water projects Founding of the National
Park System
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Federal Childrens Bureau Creation of a Dept. of Labor 8 hr.
workday Mann-Elkins Act Aligns with Conservative Republicans and
splits with Roosevelts Progressives. Goodness gracious, I must have
been dozing
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TR runs against Taft for the Republican nomination. TR is not
nominated for the Republican nomination because the Conservatives
supported Taft. Ballinger-Pinochet quarrel, Sec. of the Interior
Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to
development Angered TR's pro-conservation stand.
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TR forms his own party called the Progressive Bull Moose
Party.. As a result, TR splits the Republican Party and Woodrow
Wilson (Democrat) will be elected.
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The Progressive Party & Theodore Roosevelt
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GOP Divided by Bull Moose Equals Democratic Victory!
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Roosevelts Campaign Slogan New Nationalism: Favored an active
government role in economic and social affairs. Good vs. bad trusts
which were regulated by the U.S. Govt. Continuation of his Square
Deal policies. Direct Election of Senators Tariff reduction
Presidential primaries Regulation of monopolies End child labor
Womens suffrage
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No Third-Term Principle
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New Freedom Goal: Favored an active role in economic and social
affairs. Favored small businesses and the free functioning and
unregulated and unmonopolized markets. triple wall of privilege
Tackle the triple wall of privilege : the tariff, the banks, and
the trusts. 1.Similar to Roosevelts New Nationalism. Goal:
Continuation of his Square Deal which were reforms to help the
common man. Favored a more active govt role in economic and social
affairs. 1.Good trusts vs. bad trusts 2.Direct election of senators
3.Tariff reduction 4.Presidential primaries 5.Regulation of
monopolies 6.End child labor 7.Initiative and referendum 8.Womens
suffrage New Nationalism
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Wilsons Slogan New FreedomNew Freedom: restore the free
competition and equal opportunity but not through big government.
triple wall of privilegeTackle the triple wall of privilege: the
tariff, the banks, and the trusts. Wilsons Slogan New FreedomNew
Freedom: restore the free competition and equal opportunity but not
through big government. triple wall of privilegeTackle the triple
wall of privilege: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts. Wilson
passes quite a bit of legislation which was similar to Roosevelts
New Nationalism. Federal Trade Commission 16th Amendment Underwood
Tariff Bill Federal Reserve Act Clayton Anti-Trust Act Keating-Owen
Act Wilson passes quite a bit of legislation which was similar to
Roosevelts New Nationalism. Federal Trade Commission 16th Amendment
Underwood Tariff Bill Federal Reserve Act Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Keating-Owen Act WWI Progressive Movement ends in 1917 with US
entrance into WWI WWI Wilsons time is devoted to the WWI instead of
the Progressive Reforms.
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The GOP: An Extinct Animal? The GOP: An Extinct Animal?
