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PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT
Hot Air Balloons (French)Joseph and Etienne MontgolfierPaper and linen (cloth)Smoke? Didn’t know hot air
Wood and strawLive passengers, Sept 1783
Sheep, rooster, duckSent to determine if they could live in theupper air, many feared the upper air might bepoisonous
Human passengers, Nov 178325 minutes, 5 miles
PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT
Hot Air BalloonsCouldn’t fly where theywanted to goStayed in air as long asfire continued to heat the trapped airFuel for fire was heavy
PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT
Henry CavendishEnglish chemist discovered a gas in 1766 he called "flammable air“Gas was later named hydrogenDr. Joseph Black, chemistry professor, Glasgow University
Realized hydrogen could be used in balloons, but didn’t experiment because of teaching schedule
PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT
Hydrogen BalloonsJ.A.C. Charles
Hired by French Academyof science to investigate hot air balloonsKnew of “flammable air”or hydrogenMore efficient than hot air, but often caught fire and explodedBenjamin Franklin watchedfirst test and was so impressed, he sent letterto US scientists
PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT
Aug 2007
Hydrogen BalloonsSmall globe of rubberized silkFirst manned flight, 1783
2 hours, 27 milesFrench government began air force in 1783 and used to view enemy during French RevolutionFirst flight from France to England, 1785First U.S. flight, 1793
George Washington and many from Congress witnessed
First parachute jump from 3,000 feet, 1797
PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT
BETWEEN WARSBETWEEN WARSTechnological Advances
Robert FultonSteamboat
First attempts to buildrailroads in EnglandEli Whitney (cotton gin)
Mass productionMuskets for U.S. governmentMade by machine, not by handInterchangeable partsTechnique sparked beginningof mass production