Program Planning

Cycle of Planning

• Determine mission of organization

• Assess community

• Prioritize problems within resources

• Set goals and objectives

• Determine action steps

• Implement plan

• Evaluate

Two types of planning

• Strategic planning--long-range planning to define and acheive organizational goals

• Operational planning--short-term planning that focuses on the activities and actions required to meet the organization’s goals

Strategic Planning

• Focuses on establishing long-term objectives; assessing past, current, and future, condititions and events; evaluating the organization’s strengths and weaknesses; identifying the organization’s customers, supporters, and competitors; and making the decisions about the appropriate course of actions.

Strategic planning (con’t)

• Led by senior managers

• Often requires years to complete

• Products include a vision for the organizaiton, a mission statement, and long range goals and object ives to be met in 5-20 years.

ADA’s Strategic Plan

• Mission: The American Dietetic Association is the advocate of the dietetics profession serving the public through the promotion of optimatl nutrition, health, and well-being.

ADA’s Strategic Plan (con’t)

• Vision: Members of The American Dietetic Association will shape the food choices and impact the nutritional status of the public.

• Philosophy: Members of The American Dietetic Association serve the profession best by serving the public first.

ADA’s Strategic Plan (con’t)

• Values:

• Excellence in the identification, development, and delivery of quality programs, services, and products

• Leadership in significant food, nutrition, and related health issues

• Integrity in all professional and personal actions

ADA’s Strategic Plan--Values (con’t)

• Respect for diverse viewpoints and individual differences

• Communication that is timely and effective• Collaboration for action oncritical issues• Fiscal Responsibility in effectively providing and

managing human and financial resources• Action that is timely and strategic

Community Assessment

• Describes nutrition-related problems that exist in the community

• Indicates the felt or perceived needs of the community and its desire for a solution

• Establishes priorities and identifies resources that exist to deal with the problems

Prioritization of problem

Prioritization of needs and actions in the face of constraints and uncertainties is

the essence of planning

Criteria often used to set priorities

• Size of problem--uses rates at risk, and incidence or prevalence rates

• Seriousness of problem

• Effectiveness of intervention

• Political support

• See pages 374-75 of Frankle/Owen for system used by Minnesota

Formulate Nutrition Intervention Priorities

• At what level will you intervene--primary, secondary, or tertiary

• What type of intervention will you use?

• Individuals will make lifestyle changes

• Personnel will directly provide the services

• Policies will be changed so that individuals may be passive

Operational Planning

• Focuses on present operations with concern for efficiency and effectiveness

• Typically the responsibility of mid-level managers

• Short term planning for 1-5 years

• More often revised yearly

Purpose of Operational Planning

• To initiate immediate actions that will result in the greatest probability of reaching the desired objectives by a predicted time

Characteristics of Good Plans

• Progressive--designed to improve, strengthen and improve services

• Politically savvy--should achieve visibility and support services

• Flexible• Logical and orderly• Effective and efficient• Supported at grass-roots level

Characteristics of Good Planners

• Possess an understanding of the total organization and the services provided. Can articulate how nutrition services contribute to the overall mission of the organization.

• Know the constraints and opportunities provided through the rules and regulations of any federal and state legislation affecting the plan

Characteristics of Good Planners (con’t)

• Possess the technical knowledge and skills to implement the plan.

• Able to articulate and defend ideas. Willing to compromise with others.

Framework of a plan

• Needs assessment--A statement of the problem to be addressed

• Goal statements--Expected outcomes for the problem that the program is designed to prevent, eradicate, or ameliorate

• Objectives--Statements of the results to be obtained or of how the results will be obtained

Framework of a plan (con’t)

• Action steps--Activities necessary to achieve each objective and to measure its accomplishment

• Program design--a narrative description of the program

• Budget--The fiscal plan

Three types of objectives

• Outcome--establishes the results the program is expected to achieve

• Process--specifies the manner in which the outcome objectives will be achieved

• Intermediate--(sometimes called bridging objectives)--partial measures of larger outcomes

Goals vs Objectives

• Goals are broad statements of intent

• Objectives are measurable

Writing Objectives

• Outcome objectives contain five common elements:

• Problem being addressed

• Target group to be changed

• Time in which change will be accomplished

• Amount of change to be expected

• Way change will be measured

Example of outcome objective

• Reduce the fat intake to less than 30% of total calories among more than 75% of the employees participating in the 6-month Nutrition in Action Program as determined by the dietitian administering a 24-hour recall.

Writing a Process Objective

• A process objective contains the following four components:

• What will be done

• To or for whom it will be done

• By what time frame it will be completed

• Number of persons to be affected or number of events to be held

Example of a process objective

• To provide individual dietary counseling to a minimum of 90% of the participants in the Nutrition in Action program within two months of their beginning the program.

Action steps

• Specific steps that are necessary to achieve objectives

• Contain action to be taken and time lines for accomplishing each step

Example of Action Steps to Acheive Counseling Objective

• Employ RD Week 1

• Set up computer for

• dietary recalls Week 1

• Schedule minimum or

• 30 counseling sessions/wk Week 2-6

• Reschedule persons who

• missed counseling sessions Week 7-8