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Professor Edward J Blakely
Chair of Urban and Regional PlanningDirector, Planning Research Centre
The University of Sydney
Sea change in Australia
Source: Murphy, P. 2004
A typology of coastal communities
Typology Description Coastal Communities
Coastal CommutersSuburbanised satellite communities in peri metropolitan locations
Gosford, Wyong, Wanneroo
Coastal GetawaysSmall to medium coastal towns within 3 hours drive of a capital city
Alexandrina, Busselton, Surf Coast, Victor Harbor, Yankalilla
Coastal CitiesSubstantial urban conurbations beyond the State capitals
Maroochy, Wollongong
Coastal Lifestyle DestinationsPredominantly tourism and leisure communities
Byron, Eurobodalla, Great Lakes, Clarence Valley
Coastal HamletsSmall, remote coastal communities often surrounded by protected natural areas
Augusta-Margaret River
Challenges for coastal communities
Traditional resource based or productive sectors: agriculture, fisheries and forestry
Shift from traditional economic activities towards service oriented industries: tourism, retail
Demographic changes: aging population & come/go of non-elderly population
Infrastructure, housing, service and amenity to cater for socio-demo changes
Social equity and environmental sensitivity
Planning strategy, policy and governance response
Planning for the Workstyle Communitiesa) Sacred Placesb) Community Characterc) Community Socio-economic Diversityd) Community Boundarye) Creative Work Centres
Civic Culture as a Economic ResourceEvolution of Tourist Based to Human
Economy BaseNew Import –Export LexiconCivic Milieu as an Economic ResourceDeveloping Civic EconomyThe Global Local Features of the New
Paradigm
Changing Cultural Resources
2. Made to be traditional looking community
a) Tradition and Preservation Planningb) Tourismc) Community Design Elementd) Community History and artefacts as attractorse) Community Education
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Average Population Location Quotients (Relative to National Average)
Avera
ge
SLA
Taxab
le
Incom
e
Locati
on
Q
uoti
en
ts
(Rela
tive
to
Nati
on
al A
vera
ge)
Established/Matured LGAs
Globally Exposed LGAs
Declining LGAsTransitional LGAs
Enhanced Scatter Plot Approach to Group Sea Change LGAs in Australia
Enhanced scatter plot method
Population Change by Age Cohort (2001-2006 Census)
Wyong community survey: Reasons for leaving previous community
Wyong community survey: Reasons for moving to Wyong
Wyong community survey: community opinions on Wyong’s economic future
The Economic Community
Economy Community
ECONOMY / TOURISM
Lack of economic diversity – growth in tourism and residential development associated with part time, temporary or seasonal positions in service industries. Employment in traditional productive industries like agriculture, fishery and forestry and manufacturing sectors is declining.
Economic development strategy aims to protect and support existing businesses and develop and attract diverse range of activities by building on and enhancing local assets and resources. Where possible, compatible activities are linked, providing opportunities for value adding, more stable annual (as opposed to seasonal) employment, and skills development. Local firms establish connections to regional, national, and international markets.
Regional strategy for economic developmentRegional / local branding based on environmental credentialsEconomic performance indicators
Re-Use of Existing Spaces with Non Profit
Economy and tourism: Strategic responses
Business incentive / incubation:Encouraging businesses to locate
within local area Assistance with grantsBusiness incubation centresFacilitate networks / clustersBusiness trainingAssist new local graduates
3. Capacity Planninga) Community Master Settlement Planb) Infrastructure Planningc) Environmental Planningd) Zoninge) Economic Development and Community Development
Corporationsf) Regional Governance Models
Human Capital Techno-Infrastructure Nodes &Catalyst
Economy and tourism: Strategic responsesRegional economic development
strategiesUse quality of life asset to attract
skilled workers, entrepreneurs & business leaders
Seek industries that offer high wages & skilled positions
4. Techno-communitya) Adding Technology to new
housingb) Retrofitting technology to
homesc) Community Creativity as
new economic development opportunity
University as Collaborative Builder
University to University relations
University to key constituents as verifier
University to Civic Leaders as unbiased actor
University to government as honest broker
Preparing for the Next Waves: State and Regional Responses
Do leaders understand the opportunity? What must we do to ensure it happens
here? What are the requirements? How can local people and communities
benefit? Can we avoid some of the pitfalls of past
waves?