~ PROF. IOAN -AUREL POP ~W h i c h L a n g u a g e P o l i c y F o r E u r o p e ?

E L C F o r u m , B r u s s e l s4 t h - 5 t h D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 4

The Dynamics of Multilingualism

at

Babeş-Bolyai University

Introduction

The vast diversity of nations, cultures and languages thatis found within the boundaries of the European Unioncan hardly be considered a disadvantage, but rather anopportunity for Europe to develop the abilities necessaryto overcome national and linguistic differences.

Its very motto is “unity through diversity”, and this alsorefers to the linguistic aspect.

Languages are highly important in the development of anidentity, in communication and social integration, butalso in attaining quality education in an ever-moreglobalized world.

For this reason, the European Union has committed itselfto promoting multilingualism and linguistic diversity.

Babeş-Bolyai University. Brief history

Transylvania,Central-Eastern Europe

• Roman Empire • Romanian-Slavic

Principalities • Hungarian Kingdom• Turkish sovereignty• Habsburg Monarchy• Austro-Hungarian Empire• Romania

Romanians

88,9%

Hungarians

6,5%

Roma

3,3%

Slavs

0,4% Other etnicities

0,9%

The Ethnical Structure of Romania

Unit

Total population who declared their

ethnicity(thousand persons)

Romanians Hungarians Roma SlavsOther

ethnicities

ROMANIA

18,884.8 16,792.9 1,227.6 621.6 74.4 168.3

Percentage

100% 88.9% 6,5% 3.3% 0.4% 0.9%

Romanians72,9%

Hungarians18,4%

Roma1,5%

Slavs1,1

Other ethnicities6,1%

The Ethnical Structure of Transylvania

Unit

Total population who declared their

ethnicity(thousand persons)

Romanians Hungarians Roma SlavsOther

ethnicities

TRANSYLVANIA

6,789.2 4,948.3 1,248.6 101.8 76.0 414.5

Percentage 100% 72.9% 18.4% 1.5% 1.1% 6.1%

Babeş-Bolyai University. Brief history

1581 – Jesuit Major College (Collegium Maius or University) 1872 – Hungarian University of Cluj 1918 – Romanian University of Cluj 1940 – Romanian University of Cluj moved to Timişoara and

Sibiu since 1945 – two universities functioned, a Romanian one

and a Hungarian one 1959 – Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca

Communist era – 2 lines of study: Romanian Hungarian

After 1989 – 3 lines of study: RomanianHungarianGerman

Multilingualism. Multiculturalism. Multiconfessionalism

• 1995 – BBU Charter, with the aim to strengthen the 3 lines of study and the language chairs

• 1999; 2002 – creation of Lingua and Alpha Language Centers

• 2001 – first linguistic policy• 2010 – research group on

multilingualism*

• 3 lines of study• 4 faculties of theology (Orthodox,

Greek-Catholic, Roman-Catholic,Protestant)

Multilingualism. Multiculturalism. Multiconfessionalism

Students may study in whichever line of study they wish

Romanian, Hungarian and German lines of study provide full study programmes on all levels: Bachelor, Master’s and Doctoral

Students are required to study foreign languages between 3 and 4 semesters, regardless of their specialisation, in order to graduate

Besides English, French, Italian, Spanish and Russian, students are encouraged to study other European or non-European languages, too

StructureFaculties 21

Territorial extensions 12

Departments 96

Institutes and centres (research, counselling and development, promoting culture)

140

Centres for foreign languages 2

Publishing Houses 2

Libraries 34

Hotels 2

Dormitories 16 (accommodating over 5,000 students)

Museums 6

“Alexandru Borza” Botanical Garden Swimming complex

Astronomical Observatory Running track

“Iuliu Haţieganu” Sports Park Printing press

Arcalia Conference Centre

+ all facilities and assets from the extensions

The lines of study are autonomous in the academic activity,in their policy of human resources, in their financialadministration and in the inter-university cooperation.

The lines of study abide by the regulations validated by theFaculty Councils and by the University Senate.

For international students, the University’s Department ofRomanian Language, Culture and Civilisation organisesclasses of Romanian language, ending in a Certificate,which enables foreign students to enrol in further studies inRomania.

The Institute of Romanian Language as a EuropeanLanguage promotes and organises classes of Romanianlanguage as foreign language, thus aiming at enriching it.

Multilingualism. Multiculturalism. Multiconfessionalism

Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science

• Department of Mathematics

• Department of Computer Science

• Department of Mathematics and Computer Science in Hungarian

Faculty of Physics

• Department of Biomedical, Theoretical Physics and Molecular Spectroscopy

• Department of Solid State Physics and Advanced Technology

• Department of Physics in Hungarian

Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

• Department of Analytical Chemistry• Department of Inorganic Chemistry• Department of Organic Chemistry

in Romanian• Department of Physical Chemistry• Department of Applied Chemistry

and Environmental Protection• Department of Biochemistry and

Biochemical Engineering• Department of Chemical

Engineering and Materials Science• Department of Chemistry and

Chemical Engineering in Hungarian

Faculty of Biology and Geology

• Department of Taxonomy and Ecology

• Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

• Department of Geology

• Department of Biology and Ecology in Hungarian

Faculty of Geography

• Department of Regional Geography and Territorial Planning

• Department of Human Geography and Tourism

• Department of Physical and Technical Geography

• Department of Geography in Hungarian

• Department of Geography in Sighetu Marmaţiei, Zalău, Gheorgheni, Bistriţa

Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering

• Department of Environmental Science

• Department of Environmental Analysing and Engineering

• Department of Environmental Analysing and Engineering of Sfântu Gheorghe

Faculty of History and Phylosophy

• Department of Ancient History and Archaeology

• Department of Medieval History, Pre-Modern History and History of Art

• Department of Modern History, Archiving and Ethnology

• Department of International Studies and Contemporary History

• Department of Pre-Modern and Romanian Philosophy

• Department of History in Hungarian

• Department of Philosophy in Hungarian

Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences

• Department of Psychology• Department of Clinical Psychology and

Psychotherapy• Department of Applied Psychology• Department of Applied

Psychology in Hungarian• Department of Special Psycho-

Pedagogy• Department of Exact Sciences• Department of Socio-Humanistic

Sciences• Department of Psychology and

Educational Sciences in the extensions of Odorheiu Secuiesc, Satu Mare, Târgu Secuiesc, Târgu Mureş

Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences

• Department of Political Administration

• Department of Political Sciences

• Department of Journalism

• Department of Department of Communication, Public Relations and Advertising

• Department of Public Administration in the extensions of Satu Mare, Sfântu Gheorghe and Bistriţa

Faculty of Letters• Department of Romanian Language and General

Linguistics• Department Of Romanian Literature and Theory of

Literature• Department of Romanian Language, Culture and

Civilisation• Department of Comparative Literatures• Department of Hungarian Language and

General Linguistics• Department of Hungarian Literature• Department of Hungarian Ethnography and

Anthropology• Department of German Language and Literature• Department of English Language and Literature• Department of Romance Languages and Literatures• Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures• Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literatures• Department of Asian Languages and Literatures• Department of Classical Languages and Literatures• Department of Applied Modern Languages• Department of Specialized Foreign Languages

Faculty of Theatre and Television

• Department of Theatre Performing Arts

• Department of Cinematography and Media

• Department of Theatre Performing Arts in Hungarian

Faculty of Law

• Department of Private Law

• Department of Public Law

• Department of Penal Code

Faculty of Economics and Business Administration

• Department of Accounting and Audit• Department of Political Economics• Department of Finance• Department of Economic Information

Systems• Department of Modern

Languages and Business Communication

• Department of Management• Department of Marketing• Department of Statistics, Forecast and

Mathematics• Department of Business Administration

– Sfântu Gheorghe• Department of Economics and

Business Administration in Hungarian

• Department of Economics and Business Administration in German

Faculty of Physical Education and Sports

• Department of Kinesiotheraphy and Theoretical Sciences

• Department of Individual Sports

• Department of Team Sports

• Department of Physical Education and Sport in Bistriţa

Faculty of European Studies

• Department of International Relations

• Department of European Studies

• Department of European Institutions Management

• Department of European Policies and Governance in the European Union

• Department of American Studies

• Department of Jewish Studies• Department of Asian Studies• Department of European

Studies in German

Faculty of Sociology and Social Assistance

• Department of Sociology

• Department of Social Work

• Department of Sociology and Social Work in Hungarian

Faculty of Business

• Department of Business

• Department of Hospitality Services

Faculty of Orthodox Theology

• Department of Orthodox Theology

Faculty of Greek-Catholic Theology

• Department of Greek-Catholic Theology in Cluj, Blaj, Oradea

Faculty of Roman Catholic Theology

• Department of Didactic Theology in Hungarian

• Department of Roman Catholic Pastoral Theology in Hungarian

Faculty of Reformed Theology

• Department of Reformed Theology and Musical Pedagogy in Hungarian

Cultural Centres at/ hosted byBabeş-Bolyai University

Centre for the Study of French-speaking Belgian Literature

1990 Korean Cultural Centre 2007

“Dr. Moshe Carmilly” Institute of Jewish Studies and Hebrew History

1991 Portuguese Language Centre 2008

French Institute 1991 Institute for Turcology and Central-Asian Studies

2009

Centre for Canadian and Quebec Studies

1992 Confucius Institute 2009

“John F. Kennedy” American Studies Library

1992 Brazilian Cultural Centre 2011

German Cultural Centre 1994 Russian Cultural Centre 2011

British Council 1994 Centre for African Studies 2013

Italian Cultural Centre 2002 Cluj Centre for Indian Studies 2014

Austria Library “Bernhard Stillfried”

2003 Centre for Armenian Studies 2014

Polish Language and Cultural Centre

2003

The Centre for the Study of French-speaking Belgian Literature

The Centre for the Study of French-speaking Belgian Literature (CELBLF) was founded in October 1990 with the aim of studying and promoting the Belgian francophone literature in Romania. Its activity is supported by the Belgian Royal Academy of French Language and Literature and the Belgian French Community. The Centre’s programme includes scientific activities for undergraduate, master, and doctoral students: courses, seminars, master’s papers, book reviews, conferences, international colloquia, academic publications.

“Dr. Moshe Carmilly” Institute of Jewish Studies and Hebrew History

The “Dr. Moshe Carmilly” Institute of Jewish Studies and Hebrew History was founded in October 1990, as part of the Faculty of History and Philosophy, at the initiative of and with the support of the former chief-rabbi of the Jewish community in Cluj-Napoca, dr. Moshe Carmilly. Beginning with the fall of 1991, the institute has organised an yearly international conference on different subjects connected with the Jewish Studies.

The French Institute

The French Institute was inaugurated in 1991, founded by the Embassy of France in Romania. Its main goals are: to stimulate the dialogue and the exchanges between France and Transylvania in all fields; to promote the ideas and values of France; to promote the excellence and the innovation in all the cultural fields; disseminating an open francophone culture, recorded in modernity and diversity; to sustain the knowledge and practice of the French language.

The Centre for Canadian and Quebec Studies

The Centre for Canadian and Quebec Studies coordinates the researches with regard to the Francophone and Anglophone Canada, shaping the Canadian identity, the Canadian multiculturalism, the intersection between gender and ethnicity in the Canadian culture, literature and film.

The German Cultural Centre

Since 1994, the German Cultural Centre has been functioning within Babeş-Bolyai University has been the main supporters and promoters of the continuous dialogue between Germany and Romania. Through its modern German language courses, a rich library and a diversified cultural programme, the German Cultural Centre presents an authentic image of modern Germany and promotes the cooperation with local and regional partners.

Italian Cultural Centre

Founded in 2002, Italian Centre of Culture from Cluj-Napoca is an ideal meeting place for intellectuals, artists and other people of culture, the same way as it is for the people who wish to establish or maintain a link with Italy. The centre offers language and civilization courses, organizes cultural events, provides Italian books and audio-visual materials.

Polish Language andCultural Centre

The Polish Cultural Centre was inaugurated in 2003 and it focuses on three main direction: the teaching of Polish, the organization of cultural events, as well as on various scientific activities.

Korean Cultural Centre

The Korean Cultural Centre was inaugurated in 2007 at the initiative of the Korea Foundation visiting lecturer, Mrs. Park Youngsuk, who was the director of the Centre until June 2010. The opening of the Centre celebrated the 10th year since the Korean language programme first started at the Faculty of Letters. The activities of the Centre are meant to foster the sharing of Korean culture, arts, and language more effectively and wider in the Romanian society.

Institute for Turkology and Central-Asian Studies

Inaugurated in 2009, the Institute for Turkology and Central-Asian Studies functioning within Babeş-Bolyai University, is the only institute in Romania where the history, language, culture, and civilization, the current political-economic systems of the Turkic world are studied, as well as the resources and perspectives of the entire Turkish area, including Central-Asia, the Caspian Basin and the one of the Volga.

The Confucius Institute

Set up in 2009, the Confucius Institute carrying out its activities within Babeş-Bolyai University, is a non-profit education organization created to satisfy the demands of people from different countries and regions in the world who learn Chinese language. It sets out its goals to enhance their understanding of the Chinese language and culture, to deepen relationships with other nations, to promote the development of multiculturalism, and to the building of a harmonious world.

The Brazilian Cultural Centre “Casa do Brasil”and the Library of Latin American Studies

The Brazilian Cultural Centre was set up in 2011, in cooperation with the University of São Paulo, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, the Catholic Pontifical University of São Paulo and the Armando Alvares PenteadoFoundation of São Paulo. The Brazilian Embassy in Bucharest also supported our centre, which hosts a Library of Latin American Studies, assisted by the Embassies of Latin America in Romania.

The Russian Cultural Centre

Inaugurated in 2011, the Russian Cultural Centre benefits from the support of the “Russkiy Mir” Foundation and offers language and civilization courses, a Russian library, movies and different activities for the learning of the Russian language.

The Centre for African Studies

UBB has recently adopted a visionary strategy by creating the Centre for African Studies (CESTAF), which will coordinate educational, research and professional networks, as well as institutional and scientific projects together with partner institutions from Africa.

Quantum of students2014-2015

Bachelor Master of Arts

approx. 26.000 approx. 8.000

Study Language Bachelor’s degree

Master’s degree

Romanian (including

line of study)

approx. 19,916 approx. 6,069

Hungarian (including

line of study)

approx. 3,905 approx. 861

German (including line

of study)

approx. 438 approx. 134

English approx. 1,012 approx. 791

French approx. 64 approx. 100

Foregone conclusions

The 2012 EUA evaluation report concluded that theUniversity’s strategy seeks an educational process whichis adapted to knowledge, development of lifelonglearning and continuous training, and to the multi-cultural, multi-lingual and multi-confessional character.

As such, taking in consideration the latter, but otherfactors, as well, Babeş-Bolyai University is continuallydedicating itself to a sustainable academic life, involvingall of its departments and units for the establishment oflong-lasting partnerships, within the country and abroad,which should result in the concrete development of theRomanian higher education system, while still keepingwith the region’s centuries’-long multi-cultural, multi-lingual and multi-confessional character.

~ P R O F . I O A N - A U R E L P O P

W h i c h L a n g u a g e P o l i c y F o r E u r o p e ?

E L C F o r u m , B r u s s e l s

4 t h - 5 t h D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 4

Thank you for your attention!