Production Tools in

TechnologyChapter 7

Tools in Technology

• Our ability to design and use tools provides the foundation for technology.

• The challenge in technology is to design tools wisely.

• This calls for us to understand the tools and machines around us.

Material Processing Machines• Material processing changes the

form, shape and size of materials using tools & machines.– used in casting, forming and

machining

– help assemble products and apply protective coatings• Molding

Machine Tools• Machines used to make other

machines.• All have specific…

– Cutting tools or methods of cutting materials– Motions between the material and tool– Support for tool and workpiece

• A few machine tools– turning machines, sawing machines, drilling

machines, shaping and planing machines

Cutting Tools

• Most cutting actions require cutting tools

• Come in many shapes and sizes

• Must meet certain requirements– Must be harder than the material being cut– Must have proper shape

Motion

• Movement between the tool and workpiece must occur before cutting can take place.

• Cutting motion is the action that causes the material to be removed from the work.– Rotating, linear, or reciprocating

• Feed motion is the action that brings new material into the cutter allowing the cutting action to be continuous.

Support• The types of cutting and feed motions used

determine the type of support system needed.

• Rotating motion requires a holder that will revolve around an axis. ex. chuck

• In linear motion, material may be pushed through a saw blade while supported by the machine table.

• In reciprocating motion, a workpiece can be clamped to a table that reciprocates under a cutter.

SAWING MACHINES• Use teeth on a blade to

cut material to a desired size and shape.

• Can be grouped according to the type of blade used and cutting action produced.– Circular saw, band

saw, scroll saw

SAWING MACHINES

• Designed to perform many different cutting actions:– Crosscutting (cutoff) reduces the length of material– Ripping (edging) reduces the width of material– Resawing reduces the thickness of material– Grooving, dado, notching cuts rectangular slots

in/across a part– Chamfering/Beveling cuts an angled surface

between two primary surfaces

Band Saw

• Uses a blade made of a continuous strip or band of metal.

• Band travels around two wheels causing a continuous linear cutting action.

• Vertical band saws are widely used to cut irregular shapes from wood or metal sheets.

Using the Band Saw

• Always stand to the left of the band saw!

• Since the machine uses linear cutting motion, the feed motion will be linear.

• Material is slowly and firmly fed into the machine by the operator to produce a cut.

• When cutting curves, relief cuts should be produced and curves should be cut slowly.

Using the Band Saw

• Never use excessive force!!

• Do not back out of a cut! It may pull the blade off a wheel.

• Do not attempt to saw material that is not held flat on the table.

DRILLING MACHINES

• Produce or enlarge holes in parts using a rotating cutter.

• Produce rotating cutting motion.

• Both the tool and material can produce linear feed motion.– Usually the tool is fed into the material

Using the Drill Press

• Stand directly in front of the machine and adjust the height of the table so that material will be at a comfortable reach.

• Secure material to be drilled.– Use jigs if necessary, otherwise, support

material firmly with one hand and operate lever with the other.

Using the Drill Press

• Test the position of your hand by lowering the drill bit while the machine is turned off!– Make sure the drill bit is not close to your

hand!

• Make sure the drill bit and chuck are securely in place before turning the machine on.

• Turn on machine and slowly feed drill bit into material.

Sanding Belts and Discs

• Sanding takes away any rough edges from materials as well as rounds and smoothes corners and sharp edges

• Hold the work firmly so it may not be driven from your hands allowing them to come in contact with the sanding belt.

• For best results, always sand with the grain.

USING TECHNOLOGYSAFELY

• ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES!!

• Read about proper operation of the device.

• Use device only in the way for which it was designed

• Never use a device while impaired.

• Never work alone.• Never allow others to

distract you.• Always keep your

eyes on your work and hands away from sharp moving objects!

SAFETY WITH PEOPLE

• ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES!

• AVOID HORSEPLAY!• CONCENTRATE ON

YOUR WORK!!• FOLLOW SAFETY

PRACTICES DEMONSTRATED BY YOUR TEACHER!

• Dress properly.– No loose clothing,

open shoes, or jewelry

• Control your hair.• DON’T DISRUPT

ANYONE USING A MACHINE!

• PUT AWAY ALL TOOLS!

• HANDLE MATERIALS PROPERLY AND WITH CARE!

• CLEAN YOUR AREA WHEN DONE!

SAFETY WITH MACHINES

• ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES!• DO NOT attempt to perform a process that

has not been demonstrated to you!• DO NOT use any tool or machine without

permission or proper instruction!• Use the RIGHT tool or machine for the

RIGHT job!• Return all tools or machine accessories to

their proper places!