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Production and Distribution of Electronic News: Technology and Preservation News: Technology and Preservation Challenges Megan Waters Bernal [email protected] June 27, 2013 Global Resources Roundtable Beyond the Fold Access to News in the Digital Era Global Resources Roundtable: Beyond the Fold: Access to News in the Digital Era Newberry Library, Chicago, IL

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Page 1: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Production and Distribution of Electronic News: Technology and PreservationNews: Technology and Preservation 

ChallengesMegan Waters [email protected]

June 27, 2013

Global Resources Roundtable Beyond the Fold Access to News in the Digital EraGlobal Resources Roundtable: Beyond the Fold: Access to News in the Digital EraNewberry Library, Chicago, IL

Page 2: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

BackgroundBackground

2005‐2009:  Director of Information Services at The Miami Herald Media Company

– News research

– Intranet, editorial, & archiving systems

– Print & digital archives

– Content licensing & syndicationContent licensing & syndication

Preserving News in the Digital Environment: Mapping the pp gNewspaper Industry in Transition. A report from the Center for Research Libraries, April 27, 2011.

Page 3: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Print Trends*Print Trends70000

50000

60000

Total Daily Print Circulation

30000

40000 Total Daily Newspapers

Sunday Circulation

10000

20000

y

Classified Ad Revenue

0

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source:  Newspaper Association of America (NAA) Trends & Numbershttp://www.naa.org/en/Trends‐and‐Numbers.aspx

Page 4: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Composition of Newspaper Media Total Revenue S *Stream*

2011 20122011New Revenue, 7%

2012

New Revenue, 8%

Circulation, 26%

Circulation, 27%

Digital Ads, 10%

Print

Digital Ads, 11%

Print Newspaper, 49%Nich Mktg., 8%

Print Newspaper, 46%NicheNiche Mktg., 8%

Source: NAA American Newspaper Media Industry Revenue Profile 2012

Page 5: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Recent NAA Data

Page 6: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

“[Library access and] preservation activities are built around the print newspaper, with its tangible outputs and regular publishing cycles.  Electronic distribution requires other, more complex preservation models.”

CRL Mapping the Newspaper Industry April 27 2011 p 42CRL Mapping the Newspaper Industry, April 27, 2011, p. 42. 

Page 7: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

CRL Mapping the News Industry ReportP & M h d lPurpose & Methodology

• Outcome of 2009 National Digital Information Infrastructure & P ti P (NDIIPP) k h t L CPreservation Program (NDIIPP) workshop at LoC.

• Explore strategies for collecting & preserving digital news on a national basis, including:

digital newspaper web sites– digital newspaper web sites– tv and radio broadcasts distributed via the Internet– blogs– pod castspod casts– digital photos and videos

• Examine, analyze, and document workflows at 4 newspapers representing a broad segment of the U.S. newspaper industry (e.g. p g g p p y glocal, regional, national).

• Also includes analysis of The New York Times, Investor’s Business Daily, and the Associated Press.

Page 8: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Key Questions from NDIIPPKey Questions from NDIIPP

• What is the nature of the electronic facsimile?What is the nature of the electronic facsimile?– Not http://www.miamiherald.com/ but http://www heraldsubscriptions com/mhdigital/http://www.heraldsubscriptions.com/mhdigital/

• How profound is the relationship between Web and print news “coverage”?Web and print news  coverage ?

• What is the technical formatting and delivery f l t i t t ?of electronic news outputs?

Page 9: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

FindingsFindings• There are many actors & systems used to produce news content, licensed 

content is brought into news pages or sites and locally‐produced content is licensed “out” to a plethora of syndication services and vendors

• Standards are employed & rich metadata of interest to libraries exists for some types or levels of content in certain enterprise news systems

• Print editions function as fixed, static records of interest to local constituencies whereas news web sites function as regional portals to a much larger and more dynamic realm of changeable content

• The proliferation of platforms, devices, and distribution networks used to read or access the news further complicates our ability to fully archive the user experience

• Common methods for Web archiving like those employed by the Internet Archive are insufficient due to the rate of change and site architecture of common news web sites, among other factors

Page 10: Production and Distribution of Electronic News
Page 11: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Actors & ContentActors & Content

EditorsWire 

servicesStaff writers

Ads

Text

Art/Graphics

Photos

Video

PublisherParent Company

FreelancersPhoto agency

Video

Audio

Tabular data

Databases

Decision‐making File outputContent sources

Page 12: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Typical News OrganizationTypical News Organization

Publisher

Production Business Editorial Advertising Circulation

Desks Newsroom technology Library & Archives

Sports, Local, International, etc. Photo Graphics & Illustrations Copy Page Layout 

Page 13: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Actors within the Org ChartActors within the Org ChartIndependent/freelance content

Publisher

Wire services & photo agencies

Ad & data services

content

Newspaper chain Publisher

Media company

Newspaper chain Publisher

PublisherInteractive  PublisherdivisionSyndicates & other content 

idAdvertising 

i &providers agencies & businesses

Page 14: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Systems OverviewSystems Overview

Editorial System

Pagination SystemInput 

Output to printers, efacsimile

Web Output to Web hosts servers

Archive

Production System

Output to Web hosts, servers

ThirdP t Output to Web hosts, serversPartySystem 

p ,

Page 15: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Print/Web Content OverlapPrint/Web Content Overlap

• Online content including entire stories isOnline content, including entire stories, is often absent from the print edition

• Print content is often absent online• Print content is often absent online

• The timing of publication varies between print d W band Web

• Multiple versions of articles appear online, but rarely in print

Page 16: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Brief News Standards TimelineBrief News Standards Timeline

1965 •IPTC Founded1965•IPTC 7901/ANPA‐1312 is a 7‐bit news agency text markup specification1970 80s •Still in use!1970‐80s•Binary formats•Information Interchange Model (IIM), first multimedia news exchange format aka “IPTC Fields”1990s g ( ), g•News Industry Text Format (NITF) XML specification1990s•NewsML•IPTC Core Extension for use with Adobe XMP for photo metadataN C d ll d b l i / i2000s •News Codes controlled vocabularies/taxonomies2000s•NewsML‐G2•Newscodes.org for linking•rNews emerging standard for embedding structured metadata into HTML documents2010s rNews emerging standard for embedding structured metadata into HTML documents

Page 17: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Submission & Ingest of ContentSubmission & Ingest of Content

Page 18: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Photo & Multimedia FlowPhoto & Multimedia Flow

Page 19: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

User Web SubmissionUser Web Submission

Page 20: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Pagination to eFacsimilePagination to eFacsimile

Page 21: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Text‐Specific Flow Out to AggregatorsText Specific Flow Out to Aggregators

Page 22: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

News Web Site Architecture*News Web Site Architecture• Complex content management 

systems drive site architecture &Site Content

systems drive site architecture & content

• Site architecture is dense with 105 “gateway” pages 

• Much subnavigation out of the gate:• Much subnavigation out of the gate:  5% of pages are linked to/from +1 gateway page

• 366,290 links monitored; average 735 per day added

Ads, 83%

Tribune, 11per day added• Most were advertising‐driven• Highly dynamic, unpredictable over 

time:  No master list of articles tied to original gateway hierarchy

%

Other, 6%

original gateway hierarchy• Roughly 39% are linked for 1 day, 5% 

for 30 minutes or less

Leetaru, Kalev.  Chicago Tribune Content Velocity Analysis, CRL Mapping the Newspaper Industry, April 27, 2011, pages 66‐74.

Page 23: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Characteristics by System/ProcessCharacteristics by System/Process

Editorial ArchiveEditorial• Tied to newsroom 

processes & practices ( i f ld )

Archive• Can be tied to newsroom 

processes or considered “ id ”/ i(assignments, story folders)

• Highly standards‐based depending on 

“outside”/unimportant to producing the news

• Highly standards‐basedsystem, staffing

• Often includes high resolution or raw original

• May include “enhancing” of data 

• Important as the record ofresolution or raw original files

• Includes unpublished material

• Important as the record of everything published, rights management, licensing, but not “how we got the story”material not  how we got the story

Page 24: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Characteristics by System/ProcessCharacteristics by System/Process

Pagination WebPagination• Tied to production print and 

ereader processes

Web• Content comes from many 

sources and systemsd d d• Highly standardized but 

oriented towards print publication needs

• Less standardized• Uses a diversity of file types 

which may or not be merged

• Component parts are fused together, treated as a whole (e.g. the page)

• Platform & content licensing may occur at corporate level

• Richer file types and metadata (e.g. the page)• Richer file types and 

metadata are stripped out

are stripped out• Metadata added is SEO‐

oriented 

Page 25: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Reading ExperienceReading Experience

• Users may access content under an umbrella brand like The yChicago Tribune via an Internet Browser, third party provider/site such as LexisNexis or Twitter, and e‐reader devicesdevices

• The content they see may be an efacsimile of the print edition or not, it may also be certain, licensed material like staff writers only or only certain content types like text or video

• Web‐based content is lower resolution and has less metadata attachedattached

• With print advertising dropping and readership trends changing, more resources will flow to online operations and revenue streams

Page 26: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Where is the “high impact point of ” f l b h flentry” for libraries in this flow?

Editorial System

Pagination SystemInput 

Output to printers, efacsimile

Web Output to Web hosts servers

Archive

Production System

Output to Web hosts, servers

ThirdP t Output to Web hosts, serversPartySystem 

p ,

Page 27: Production and Distribution of Electronic News

Thank You!Thank You!

Megan Waters [email protected]://www linkedin com/in/meaux/http://www.linkedin.com/in/meaux/