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Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. 1
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Processing Equipment and Recovery,from MRFs to MWPFs
September 2016
By
Bradley Kelley, Senior Project Engineer
Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc.
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Processing System
2
Source: BHS/Infinitus
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. 2
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10 Types of Major Processing Equipment
3
1. Conveyors (Metal and Rubber belt) including Sorting Conveyors
2. Bag Openers3. Primary Shredders4. Screens5. Ferrous Magnets6. Eddy Current Units7. Air Separation Systems8. Optical Sorting Systems9. Secondary Shredders10.Densification Systems
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Conveyors – Moving the Material
4
Source: BHS
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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Conveyor Types in MRFs
5
• Slider Bed- Used as Sort Conveyors and general
applications• Idler Conveyor
- Generally used for fines or abrasive materials
• Chainbelt Conveyor- Used for System Infeed, Baler Infeed
or very steep applications
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Bag Breakers – Liberate the Material
6
• Open bags but not damage materials• Offline or Inline• NOT a shredder!
Source: Matthiassen, GBB Site Visit
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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Primary Shredders – Resize the Material
7
• Open Bags• Protect Downstream Equipment• Size for Secondary Shredding
Source: SSI, Lindner
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Screens – Separate Material by Size
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• Three main types of Screens⁻ Trommel Screen, Disc Screen, Vibratory Screen
Source: www.ecocycle.org, Jost, BHS
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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Fines Screening
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• Generally removes 2”-3” and under-(referred to as 2” minus)
• To remove: o Fines such as dirto Glasso Organicso Inerts such as Ceramics
• Trommel, Disk and Vibratory Screen can be used
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OCC/Scalping Screening
10
• Separates large, flat, and relatively stiff items usually over 18”x18” in size
• To recover: o Cardboardo Bulky Plastics
• Disk Screen usually used but Trommel occasionally utilized
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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2D/3D Separators –Separate Fiber from
Containers
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• Two types, Polishing Disk Screen and Ballistic Separator Screen
• Three Sorts – Flats over top, fines through middle, 3D objects off the back
• Items that behave as paper will also travel over the top
• Items that behave as containers will fall off the back
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2D/3D Separators
12
Source: Machinex Source: CP
Polishing Disc ScreenBallistic Screen
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. 7
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Magnets – Recover Ferrous Steel
13
Source: Bunting Magnets Source: Machinery.net
Drum MagnetBelt Magnet
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Eddy Current Separators (ECS) –Recover Aluminum
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Source: Magnapower
• Recommend Eccentric rotors and Magnet before ECS• Size dependent, usually <2” or between 2”-12” sizes• Very effective on Al and some Copper, less so on Brass
Source: Steinert
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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Air Classification – Separate by Density
15
Source: BHS, Nihot
Air Drum Separators and Aspirators
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Air Drum Separator
16
Source: Nihot
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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Container Optical Units – Separate by Resin Type
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Source: GBB Site Visit
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Container Optical Units
18
Source: TiTech
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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Densification: Bales and Pellets
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• Primarily for Transportation
Source: GBB/Harris Baler, Warren and Baerg
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Recovery Efficiency
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• All methods of recovery, including manual, have a rate of efficiency of less that 100%
• Efficiency will vary based on material, type of automation, level of maintenance, and even weather
• In general, a MRF will be more efficient than MWPF due to nature of material
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
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Fayetteville and Fort Worth Household Generation Total Material Composition
Organics (1)21.0%
Recyclables (2)27.7%
Other Residue (3)25.7%
Organics (1)0.9%
Recyclables (2)23.1%
Other Residue (3)1.7%
Recycling Cart25.7%
3.6%
6.5%
90%
(1) Contains Food Waste, Soiled Paper, and Yard Trimmings(2) Contains OCC, Other Fibers, PET, HDPE, Mixed Plastics, Al, Fe, Film and Glass(3) Includes C&D, Diapers, Textiles, Electronics and Other Residue
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Estimated Recovery by Commodity- MRF Only
(1) Contains Food Waste, Soiled Paper, and Yard Trimmings(2) Includes C&D, Diapers, Textiles, Electronics and Other Residue
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percentage to Landfill
Individual Revovery,MRF RecyclableMaterials
Recovery Rate –18%
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. 12
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(1) Organics and Glass recovery would require additional processing and facilities
Estimated Recovery by Commodity- MRF and MWPF
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percentage to Landfill
Individual Revovery,MRF+MWPF RecyclableMaterials
Recovery Rate w/ Organics – 52%
Recovery Rate w/o Organics – 37%
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Conclusions
Questions and comments?
24
o Choices of equipment are highly dependent on goals and material characteristics
o Increased participation can increase non-program residue at MRF
o Economics must be sustainable and risks and rewards must be shared
o Landfill prices drive materials into the groundo Can only recover what the material gives you!
Waste360 Recycling SummitAustin, TX
September 20, 2016
Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. 13
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Additional Resources
25
American Chemistry Council Reports:The Evolutions of Mixed Waste Processing Facilities –
1970 – Today
And Supplemental Report: The Evolution of Mixed Waste
Processing Facilities – Technology and Equipment Guide
Links found at www.gbbinc.com
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Thank you!
Questions and comments?
26
Bradley Kelley, BSME
[email protected]‐800‐573‐5801
1-