Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Process Technology
Chapter 3, Part 3
Computer-Aided Design & Engineering
Computer-aided design (CAD): use of computer software to design products Similar software is used to make
animated films Computer-aided engineering (CAE):
use of computer software to evaluate and improve product designs
Specialized CAD/CAE software is used by architects and landscape architects
Computer-Aided Design & Engineering (2)
Advantages of CAD and CAE Products can be designed, tested, and
brought to market faster Reduces design and testing costs Lets the firm test more designs better
products Lets designers in different places and
different companies work together Can be linked with computer-aided process
planning (CAPP) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
Computer Assisted Process Planning (CAPP)
A routing specifies the sequence of steps (machine instructions) and the machines or work stations used to make a product
Generated from CAD data Used as input to CAM
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
CAM is the use of a computer to program and controlre-programmablemanufacturing equipment
A robot is a mechanical arm with a power supply and a computer that controls the movements of the arm
Computer Aided Manufacturing (2)
Uses of robots Monotonous work, such as assembly Work that is hard or unhealthy for people,
such as painting or nuclear plant cleanup Work that requires great precision
Making integrated circuits Surgery – guided by a surgeon
Products: Robot vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, assistants for disabled people, toys
Computer Aided Manufacturing (3)
Other CAM machinery Numerically controlled (NC) machines are
controlled by an internal computer, which is programmed at the machine
Direct numerical control (DNC) machines are programmed by a central computer, which coordinates the efforts of various machines
A machine center is a DNC machine that can change its own tools
Boring
Turning
Milling
Drilling
Washing
Bar Stock
Machine Tool Operations
Computer Aided Manufacturing (4)
Vision systems: computer systems with artificial intelligence that can "see" objects and check dimensions of parts Often built into robots. Used for sorting and positioning parts Used for inspection. Suspect parts can be
inspected by a second vision system or by a person
Automated Materials Handling Conveyor belts are used in
manufacturing & services Robots move materials
short distances Automated guided
vehicles move materials longer distances in plants, offices, hospitals
Automated storage and retrieval systems store and retrieve materials as directed by a computer. Used in manufacturing plants and distribution centers
Automated guided vehicle
Automatic Identification of Objects
Magnetic stripes are used on credit cards and vending cards
Bar codes identify goods and packages Radio frequency identification (RFID) uses
memory chips with tiny radio antennas to broadcast the location of goods to a wireless receiver
RFID can identify goods inside a box. Useful in retailing and distribution Wal-Mart is requiring its top 100 vendors to supply
RFID tags on all goods.
Biometrics:Automatic Identification of
People
Used to identify people and grant access to facilities, work areas, equipment, etc.
Include a vision system, database, and artificial intelligence.
Stored image of some portion of each user's body. May use hand, finger, or iris (colored part of eye).
Vision system develops and stores images. Artificial intelligence compares body part of
person seeking access with stored image.
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render) 7s-19 © 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster CompanyUpper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Automated manufacturing using DNC’s and robots
Automatic tool changes Automated materials handling May include automated inspection Computer-controlled
Production TechnologyFlexible Manufacturing Cells (FMC’s)
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render) 7s-19 © 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster CompanyUpper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Computer
Machine 1
Machine 2
Robotor AGV
Auto ToolChg.
Auto ToolChg.
Computer
Machine 1
Machine 2
Robotor AGV
Auto ToolChg.
Auto ToolChg.
Flexible Manufacturing Cell
Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
System that links flexible manufacturing cells and/or lines under control of a central computer
May include FMC's, robots, and DNC machine tools
Includes materials handling Usually includes automated inspection
Parts Finishedgoods
Load Unload
Computer control room
Machine Machine
Machine
Machine Machine
Machine
Tools Tools
Conveyor
Flexible Manufacturing System
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render) 7s-20 © 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster CompanyUpper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Advantages of FMS Technology
Fast response - short manufacturing lead time
High product flexibility High quality Very efficient if total production
volume is high
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render) 7s-20 © 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster CompanyUpper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Advantages of FMS Technology
Low unit costsVery little direct laborLess material wasteVery low work in process inventory
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer & Render) 7s-20 © 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster CompanyUpper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Disadvantages of FMS Technology
High capital cost - need high total product volume to justify investment
Expertise required to design and maintain the system
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Flexible Manufacturing System CAD and CAPP Production planning and inventory
management Purchasing Common databases and control systems for all
these functions Provides product flexibility, cost savings, and
short manufacturing lead times
