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ISSN 2380-0399 Proceedings of the 44 th IAMSLIC Annual Conference and 6 th AFRIAMSLIC Regional Meeting 21-25 October 2018 Entebbe, Uganda Transforming the Global Information Landscape Editor: Dorothy Barr

Proceedings of the - I.A.M.S.L.I.C. (IAMSLIC) · 2019. 10. 23. · ISSN 2380-0399 Proceedings of the 44 th IAMSLIC Annual Conference and 6th AFRIAMSLIC Regional Meeting 21-25 October

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  • ISSN 2380-0399

    Proceedingsofthe

    44thIAMSLICAnnualConference

    and

    6thAFRIAMSLICRegionalMeeting

    21-25October2018

    Entebbe,Uganda

    TransformingtheGlobalInformationLandscape

    Editor:DorothyBarr

  • IAMSLICCONFERENCESERIES

    (ISSN:2380-0399)

    Orderinformation:ContactDorothyBarr,Proceedingseditor,atdorbarr2@gmail.com.TheProceedingsarefreelyavailabletoallthroughtheWoodsHoldOpenAccessServer(WHOAS)aswellasontheIAMSLICwebsite.Copyright2019IAMSLICAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthepublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemwithoutpermissioninwritingfromInternationalAssociationofAquaticandMarineScienceLibrariesandInformationCenters(IAMSLIC).CopyrightfortheoverallpublishedproceedingsisheldbyIAMSLIC.Anyreferencetotrademarkitemsoranyproductrecommendation,statedorimplied,bytheindividualcontributorsdoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyIAMSLIC.Referencesorquotationsfromotherpublishedworksaresolelytheresponsibilityofthecontributingauthor,andreferencetothemreflectsonlythetransmittalofthatinformationinthesepublishedproceedings.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataIAMSLICAnnualConference(44th:2018:EntebbeUganda)TransformingtheGlobalInformationLandscape:proceedingsofthe43rdIAMSLICConference,EntebbeUganda/editor:DorothyBarr;conferenceconvener:JeannineScaramozzino.pagescm.--(IAMSLICconferenceseries,ISSN2380-0399)Proceedingsofthe44thIAMSLICAnnualConferenceheld21-25October2018inEntebbeUganda.Includesbibliographicalreferences.1. Marinesciencelibraries--Congresses.2.Aquaticsciencelibraries--Congresses.3.Aquaticsciences--Informationresources--Congresses.4.Marinesciences--InformationresourcesCongresses.5.Aquaticsciences--Informationservices--Congresses.6.Marinesciences--Informationservices--Congresses.I.Barr,Dorothy,editorofcompilation.II.InternationalAssociationofAquaticandMarineScienceLibrariesandInformationCenters.III.Title.Z675.M35I22019026.55146--dc23

    2019009290

  • Transforming the Global Information Landscape

    ConferencePartnersandSponsors

    IAMSLICgratefullyacknowledgesthesupportofthefollowingpartnersandsponsorswhosegenerouscontributionshaveenabledustosupportconferenceeventsandmemberparticipation.

    Inter-ResearchScienceCenter

    NationalFisheriesResourcesResearchInstitute

    AquaticSciencesandFisheriesAbstracts

    InternationalOceanographicDataandInformationExchange

    NationalAgriculturalResearchOrganisation

  • 2018IAMSLICConferenceGroupPhoto

    Entebbe,Uganda

  • TableofContentsPresident’sIntroduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………….iSuccessionplanninginIAMSLICandinaquaticandmarinelibraries.

    Alayon,StephenB.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………1Analysisofthedocumentaryinformationofscientificandtechnicalresearchofthe

    Moroccanmarineenvironment.Bazi,BouchraandRachidaHoussa………………………………………………………………………………….2

    Nationwide“publishandread”agreementswithpublishers–theGermanProjektDEAL.

    Diehr,OliviaKarinandChristianHeene……………………………………………………………………….…..3RoleofmarinelibrariesdevelopedintheODINAFRICAhavecontributedtothedevelopment

    ofoceanographicresearchinAfrica:ThecaseofresearchersinMauritania.Fall,Assane……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7

    AccesstomarineandaquaticsciencesinformationinBeninRepublic.

    Gbedo,CoffFerdinandoRock………………………………………………………………………………………….15

    Namibiamarinedatacollection.Hainghumbi,AndreasH.L.T.……………………………………………………………………………………………22

    DevelopmentandintroductiontothenewwebsiteprojectoftheRegionalGroupofIAMSLICforAfrica-AFRIAMSLIC.

    Keita,ArameNdiaye………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23Digitalaccesstoresearch:ProspectsoftheTechnologyBankProjectoftheUnitedNations.

    OnanMulumba,CarolineKobusingye,BlessingMawire………………………………………………….24Insidethescientificpaper.

    Sakho,CheikhIbrahima…………………………………………………………………………………………………….30Strategies for providing access to information nomatter the location, technological access,

    andpatron:AcaseforMalawi.Salanje,GeoffreyFrancis………………………………………………………………………………………….……....31

    IODEAssociateInformationUnits:Anewopportunityformarineinformationmanagersto

    participateatthegloballevel.JointIODE-IAMSLICGroupofExpertsinMarineInformationManagementinaTransitionalCapacity:(SallyTaylor(presenter),WenjingDong,HeikeLust,SaidaMessaoudi,PaulineSimpson,AidaSogaray,JenniferWalton…………………………………………………………………………….32

    Fromdripstotsunamis:Planningfordisastersinyourlibrary.PanelDiscussion

    Markland,Mary,DaveBaca,KristenLaBonte,andAngelaClark-Hughes………………………..…37

  • Introduction

    DavidR.BacaIAMSLICPresident2017-1844thAnnualIAMSLIC

    ConferenceCo-Convener(withJeanineScaramozzino)

    Entebbe,Uganda,hostedbytheNationalFisheriesResourcesResearchInstitute(NaFIRRI),wasaspecialconferenceformanyofourattendees.One,wewereinAfrica!TheotheristhatwewereallabletocometogetherwithourAFRIAMSLICcolleagues.Wehad23membersinattendance,whichallowedforsomeverydeepinteractionsanddiscussions.WehavealldevelopedanewloveandappreciationofUganda.ThethemeoftheconferencewasTransformingtheGlobalInformationLandscape.WestartedtheconferencewithaveryproductiveAquaticCommonsworkparty,ledbySallyTaylor.ManyofourAFRIAMSLICcolleagueswerebeingexposedtotheresourceforthefirsttimeandwemadegreatprogressontrainingandupdatingofthedatabase.OuropeningreceptionwasonthegroundsoftheImperialBotanicalBeachhotel,amidthemodernsoundsofAfricanmusicanddozensofvervetmonkeys.TheHonorableKibanzangaM.TChristopher,MinisterofStateforFisheries,joinedbyDr.AmbroseAgona,DirectorGeneraloftheNationalAgriculturalResearchOrganization(NARO),warmlywelcomedustoUganda.ProfessorMariaMusoke,DeputyViceChancellorinchargeofAcademicAffairsofKyambogoUniversity,thenspokeontheManagementandUseofInformationinaChangingEnvironment,highlightingissuesandopportunitiesinAfrica.Eachdayoftheconferencewasopenedbyakeynotespeaker,includingDr.YonaBugumafromNAROandDr.BeatriceByarugabafromtheMinistryofAgriculture,AnimalIndustryandFisheries(MAAIF).Ourlibrarytrendssessionyieldedawonderfuldiscussiononissuesconfrontingmemberlibrariesandgaveusmoreinsightintotheenormousresponsibilityeachofushas.Wehadtwoimportantreports,fromMariaKalentsitsoftheFAOASFASecretariatandfromIanStewartofInter-Research.Inter-ResearchisaperennialsupporterofIAMSLICandtheworkwedo.OnTuesdaywetooktheopportunitytovisitthecapitolcityofKampala.WetookinsomeculturalsightsandthenhadapleasantafternoonattheUgandaWildlifeConservationEducationCentrejustdowntheroadfromthehotel.Wednesdaywasabusy,butfun,day.Dr.YonaBaguma,theDeputyDirectorGeneralforResearchatNAROopenedtheday.Guinauctionaction,alwaysahighlightoftheconference,wasfastandfurious.ThankstoSallyTaylorforcoordinatingandrunningtheauction.AfteroursecondExecutiveBoardmeetingthegroupexperiencedawonderfuleveningatthebanquetheldattheImperialRoyalHotel.Thefoodwasamazingaswasthelocaldanceandmusictroupe,Kika.TheycoveredtraditionaldancesfromUgandaandthoroughlyentertainedtheaudience.OurlastdayoftheconferencewasfullofgreatinformationonAFRIAMSLICandthenewarrangementbetweenIAMSLICandIODE.OliviaDiehronceagainledusinvisualizingournext

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  • stepsaswewentbacktoourhomes.WeclosedwithaWelcometoTexasforthe45thIAMSLICconferenceputtogetherbyLizDeHart.TheAFRIAMSLICregionalmeeting,following,wasveryproductivewithimportantdiscussionsoncommunicationandthenominationofnewofficers.ForthosethatbookedtimeforFridaywehadafascinatingcruisetothesourceoftheRiverNileatJinjawithlunchbeinggenerouslyprovidedatNationalFisheriesResourcesResearchInstitute(NaFIRRI).PresentationsfrompapersspecificallyconcerningAfricahighlightedtechnicalresearchoftheMoroccanmarineenvironment,theroleofmarinelibrariesinODINAFRICA,accesstomarineandaquaticsciencesinformationintheBeninRepublic,theWorldAquacultureSociety,theNamibiaMarineDateCollectionandprovidingaccesstoinformationinMalawi.ThepeopleofUgandawereexceptionallywarm,friendlyandwelcoming.LocallywewanttothankAliceEndraforallofherhardworkhostingtheconference.AndaspecialthankstoDr.WinnieNkaluboforhertirelessefforts.TheywereassistedDr.AnthonyTaabuMunyaho,EvaMutongoleWamalaandSimonettaPicca.ThanksalsotoAggreyIsabiryeforbeingtheofficialphotographeroftheconference.ThisconferencewouldnothavehappenedwithoutallthehardworkbytheincomingPresident,JeanineScaramozzino.ItischallengingtocoordinateaninternationalconferencefromhalfwayaroundtheworldbutJeaninecoordinatedoneofthebestconferenceswehaveheld.Itwasunfortunatethatshecouldnotattendandseethefruitsofherlabor.Icherishherfriendshipandamawedbyherabilitytojugglework,IAMSLICandherbusyandeventfullife.AsalwayswewanttothankInter-ResearchandIanStewartfortheirunwaveringsupportandappreciationfortheworkofIAMSLIC.

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  • SuccessionPlanninginIAMSLICandinAquaticandMarineLibraries

    StephenB.AlayonActingHeadoftheLibraryandDataBankingServicesSection

    TrainingandInformationDivision,AquacultureDepartment,SoutheastAsianFisheriesDevelopmentCenter(SEAFDEC/AQD),Iloilo,Philippines

    [email protected]

    AbstractSomeIAMSLICmembershaveretired,andinevitablysomewillberetiringsoon.Theorganizationandtheirlibrarieswillsoonfaceopenpositions.ThisstudywillinvestigatehowIAMSLICmemberlibrariesrespondtotheneedtoprepareanddevelopfutureleadersintheorganizationandintheirlibraries.Thestudyaimstodocumentprogramsoractivitiesinteambuilding,recruitmentandselectionprocessforleadersandmanagers,“growingyourown”leaders,andbestpracticesinsuccessionplanning.ThestudyaimstodeterminehowIAMSLICmemberlibrariesaddressleadershiptransitionandtransformservicesandstaffing.Italsoaimstoconsolidatetheconcerns,opinions,andsuggestionsonhowtosustaintheIAMSLICasanorganizationandcontinuethelegacyofexcellentleadershipandcontinuedcooperationamongmembers.Itwillinvestigatethewillingness,interests,andpotentialsofmemberstoserveonacommitteeandtheexecutiveboard.TheinformationgatheredcouldserveasthebasisfortrainingandmentoringprogramsforfutureIAMSLICleadersandlibrarydirectors.Keywords:Aquaticandmarinesciencelibraries,IAMSLIC,leadership,successionplanning.

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  • AnalysisoftheDocumentaryInformationofScientificandTechnicalResearchoftheMoroccanMarineEnvironment

    BouchraBaziandRachidaHoussa

    InstitutNationaldeRechercheHalieutique

    Morocco

    AbstractSincethebeginningofthefirstdecadeofthiscentury,theMoroccanscientificandtechnicalmediascenehaswitnessedagreatdevelopmentintheproductionofinformationfavoredbytheevolutionofinformationandcommunicationtechnologies.ThemodernizationandequipmentincommunicationinfrastructuresofMoroccaninstitutionsspecializedintheproductionandthediffusionoftheinformationcontributedtotheradiationoftheresearchworksinmarinesciences.Theresultsoftheseinstitutions'effortsarepresentedinseveralproducts,inparticulartheportalsofnationalinstitutesanddocumentationcentersandtheirdatabases,whichincludetheirarchivesandarchivesofuniversitiesandscientificandtechnicalinstitutes.ThispaperlooksatthecontributionofinformationanddocumentationsystemsinthecreationanddisseminationofMoroccanscientificandtechnicalinformationinthemarineenvironment.WewilltrytogiveageneraloverviewofallexistingMoroccaninfrastructuresandadetailedstatisticalanalysisonthetypeofexistinginformation,whetheropensourceorrestricted.Keywords:Morocco,scienceandtechnology,information.

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  • Nationwide“PublishandRead”AgreementswithPublishers:TheGermanProjektDEAL

    OliviaKarinDiehrChristianHeene

    LeibnizInstituteforBalticSeaResearch(IOW)

    Seestrasse15,18119Rostock,Germany

    AbstractTheProjektDEALisaconsortiumofGermanlibraries,universities,andresearchinstitutionswhichstartednegotiationswiththepublisherElsevierin2016.DEALwantstosetupnationwide“publishandread”agreementswithpublishers.Bypayingalumpsumtocoverpublicationcosts,allpapersauthoredbyresearchersfromGermaninstitutionswouldbepublishedopenaccess.Thisnewpaymentmodelwouldcertainlyhaveaglobalimpact.BesidesElsevier,thereareongoingnegotiationswiththepublishersSpringerNatureandWiley.Wewillexplaintherecentdevelopmentsandopenaccessinitiatives,anddiscusswhetherDEALcouldbeamodelforotherIAMSLIClibraries.Keywords:ProjektDEAL,nationwideagreement,consortium,openaccess,businessmodel.

    ThegoalofProjektDEAListoconcludenationwidelicensingagreementsfortheentireportfolioofelectronicjournalsfrommajoracademicpublishers(ProjektDEAL,2018).Elsevier,SpringerNatureandWileywereidentifiedaspotentialpublishers.ProjectStructure

    https://www.projekt-deal.de/about-deal/Figure1.StructureofProjektDEAL.

    ProjektDEALwasinitiatedbytheAllianceofScienceOrganizationsinGermanyin2015.ProjektDEALisaconsortiumofGermanlibraries,universities,universitiesofappliedsciences,and

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  • researchinstitutions,aswellasstatelibraries.Tocarryouttheproject,theAlliancehasbroughttogetheraprojectteamincludingrelevantexpertsfromuniversitiesandotherinstitutions.Thegroupwillbepilotedbyaprojectsteeringcommittee.Thenegotiationgroupisresponsiblefornegotiationswiththepublishers.WhatisSpecialaboutProjektDEAL?Nationwidelicensingagreementsarenotnew,butwhatisspecialaboutDEAListhegoaltoprovide“publishandread”agreements.TheDEALconsortiummemberswanttoestablishanewpaymentmodel.Thepricingshouldbebasedonthepublishingoutputofthememberinstitutions,andcalculatedwithanadequateAPC,independentofthenumberofaccessiblejournals.

    Ø PUBLISHcomponent:Bypayingforthepublishingoutputoftheirscientists,theinstitutionsobtainaccesstotheentiree-journalportfolioofthepublisher.

    Ø READcomponent:Furthermore,andmaybethemostcriticalrequirement,isthatallarticlesbyGermanbasedscientistsbecomeopenaccessimmediatelyuponpublication.

    WhyHasProjektDEALBeenInitiated?WhyDoWeParticipateinProjektDEAL?ProjektDEALisembeddedintheopenaccessmovement.ProjektDEALisaconsequenceofboththeincreasingsubscriptioncostsandtheprogressiveopenaccessmovementwithinthelast10years.Subscriptioncostshavebecometooexpensiveandtheconsortiummembersarenotwillingtoacceptthepricingpolicyanymore.OnlyaconsortiummaybeabletoobtainasignificantchangeinacademicpublishingbypushingthepublisherstoagreetotheDEAL’slicensingmodel.TounderstandtheprojectideaandDEALmembers’demands,itisimportanttolookattheresearchers’intentionsaswellasathybridopenaccess.Theresearcherisina“publishorperish”situation.Itisimportantfortheirscientificcarriertopublishtheirfindings.Furthermore,theprestigeofthejournaliscrucial.Well-establishedprestigiousjournalsarefirstchoiceforpublishing,butthemajorityofthesejournalsaresubscription-based.Notwithstanding,researcherswanttheirarticlesopenaccess.Publishershavereactedbyofferinghybridopenaccess.SeveralyearsagoSpringer,WileyandElsevierlaunchedhybridjournalsandthenumberofhybridopenaccessarticleshasincreased.HybridOpenAccessdescribesapublishingmodelwheresomearticlesaremadeopenlyavailable,whileotherarticlesremainclosedaccess,andthejournalasawholesubscription-based(Rettberg,2018).Doubledippingmeansthepublisherchargesfeestwice,oncethroughArticlesProcessingCharges,andsecondlybysubscriptionfees.DoubledippingcannotbeacceptedbypublicfundedGermanacademicinstitutions.TheIOWdoesnotfundAPCforhybridopenaccess.TheEuropeanCommission(EC)announcedthat,startingwiththeirnewfundingprogramme,HorizonEurope,theywillnolongerreimbursepublicationfeesforhybridOpenAccess.

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  • Contentandsubscriptioncostsofhybridjournals

    Figure2.Contentandsubscriptioncostsofhybridjournals.Thesubscriptioncostsareincreasingandwhilethepartweneedtopayforreadingisdecreasing,duetotheincreasingnumberofhybridopenaccessarticles,therehasnotbeenanyoffsetyet.ThisisonereasonforProjektDEAL.Timeframe2014 Preparation2015 Establishingtheprojectstructure

    SelectingpublishersObtainingnegotiationmandatesAnalysingdata

    2016 EstablishingoftheconsortiumDEALStartofnegotiationswithElsevier

    IOWcancelledallElsevier’sjournalsubscriptions2017 January:DEAL’sconsortiummemberslostaccesstoElsevierjournals

    February:Elsevierrestoredaccessfreeofcharge->“Bigbang”failed StartofnegotiationswithSpringerNatureandWiley2018 July:NegotiationswithElsevierhavebeensuspended

    Figure3.Timeframe:(Schäffler,2017)seehttps://www.projekt-deal.de/zeitplan/Thepresentsituationisunpleasant.NegotiationswithElsevierhavebeensuspended.Sincesummer2018ourinstitutionhashadnoaccesstoElsevier’sjournalcontentpublishedin2017and2018.Atpresentweareofferingourscientistsaccessthroughinter-libraryloans.Otheroceanographiclibrariesarestillonmulti-yearcontracts.Thesituationwillbedifferentsoon,whennearlyallGermanacademicinstitutionswillloseaccess.TheaccesstoarchivewasnotcoveredbyIOWsubscriptionagreement.

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  • PotentialImprovementsInvolvethescientists.Talktoandcommunicatewithresearchers.Theyarereaders,authors,andeditors.FindanappropriatewaytoexplaintheaimsofProjektDEALdoitbeforecancelingsubscriptions.Thelackofinformationhascausedalackofunderstandingbyourscientists.AcknowledgementsIwouldsincerelyliketothankIAMSLICandBibliothekInternationalforpartiallyfundingmyconferenceparticipation.ReferencesProjektDEAL.(2018).ProjektDEAL:BundesweiteLizenzierungvonAngebotengroßer

    Wissenschaftsverlage.Retrievedfromhttps://www.projekt-deal.de/Rettberg,N.(2018).Theworstofbothworlds:HybridOpenAccess.BlogRetrievedfrom

    https://www.openaire.eu/blogs/the-worst-of-both-worlds-hybrid-open-accessSchäffler,H.(2017).GermanyandOpenAccess:TheDEALProject.Paperpresentedatthe

    EuropeanICOLC,Prague(15-18October2017),Prague.

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  • ContributionsofMarineLibrariesinODINAFRICAtoOceanogrphicResearch:IMROPResearchers

    AssaneDedaFall

    MarineInformationManagerandResearcherintheMauritanianInstituteofResearchandOceanographicFisheries.BP.22IMROP-Nouadhibou.

    [email protected]

    AbstractInmarineinformationmanagement,THEODINAFRICAprojectparticipatedintraininglibrarians,thecreationofapan-AfricannetworkofNationalOceanographicDataCenter(NODC),productdevelopmentandtargetedservicesfornationalandregionalendusers.Currently,over40marine-relatedinstitutionsin25AfricancountriesincludingMauritaniahavetriedtoaddressthechallengesfacedinaccesstodataandinformationforcoastalmanagement.NODCofMauritaniawasestablishedin2001undertheresponsibilityoftheMauritanianInstituteofOceanographicResearchandFisheries(IMROP).IMROPhasdevelopedseveralproductsandservicessuchasODINAFRICANODC,projectwebsites,newslettersandbrochures,oceandatacatalogues(metadata),librarycatalogues,anddirectoriesofexpertsandinstitutions.IMROP'slibrariansalsoparticipatedinseveraltrainingsessionsonthemanagementofmarineinformation.Thispaperdiscussestheproject’sachievements.Aquestionnairewasadministeredto20IMROPresearchersabouttheiruseofproductsandservicesandtoplanforthemaintenanceofthevariousservicesanddatabases.

    Keywords:ODINAFRICA,libraries,Mauritania,IMROP,libraryservices,marineinformationmanagement,westAfrica.

    IntroductionTheOceanDataandInformationNetworkforAfrica(ODINAFRICA-http://www.odinafrica.org/)hasbeenoneofthemostsuccessfulprojectsoftheInternationalOceanographicDataandInformationExchangeProgramme(IODE)oftheIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommissionofUNESCO(IOC).TheOceanDataandInformationNetworkforAfrica(ODINAFRICA)bringstogethermorethan40marinerelatedinstitutionsfrom25countriesinAfrica(below)toaddressthechallengesfacedinaccessingdataandinformationforcoastalmanagement.WiththesupportoftheIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommissionofUNESCOandtheGovernmentofFlanders(KingdomofBelgium)thenetworkstrivestoaddressthechallengesfacedinensuringthatoceanandcoastaldataandinformationgeneratedinnational,regionalandglobalprogramsarereadilyavailabletoawiderangeofusersinaneasilyunderstandableformat.Thefocusofthecurrentphaseoftheprojectisstrengtheningthepan-AfricannetworkofNationalOceanographicDataCentre(NODCs),andmarinerelatedinstitutions,asasustainedmechanismforapplicationofdata,informationandproductsinmarineandcoastalmanagementinAfrica.Thisincludesthedevelopmentoflinkageswithdatagenerators(includingongoinglarge-scaleprojectsontheAfricancoasts)andthedevelopmentoftargetedproductsandservicesfornationalandregionalendusers.

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  • OceanDataCollectionsandCatalogues(Metadatabases)Nationaldatacollectionsweredeveloped.Theseconsistedofoceanstationdata(fromglobalandlocalsources),satelliteanalyses,oceanclimatologies,weatherclimatologies,geology,basemapping,ecology,fisheries.TheinstitutionsparticipatinginODINAFRICAhavebeenprovidedwithadataCDcontainingdatafromtheIOCEAandIOCWIOregionsobtainedfromotherIODEdatacentersaroundtheworld.Inaddition,aprogramtoidentify,digitizeandrepatriateotherdatasetswhichareavailableinforeigninstitutionstotheregionswasimplementedintheframeworkofGODAR.SeveralODINAFRICANODCspublishedtheirNationalMarineDatabasecollectionsonCD-ROMsandothermedia.AcatalogueofdatasetscanalsobeaccessedthroughacentralGeoNetworkserverlocatedat:http://geonetwork.iode.org/geonetworkAMA.SeaLevelDataCollectionTheAfricannetworkformeasurementsandmonitoringofsealevelwasexpandedandupgradedbyinstallingnewtidegaugesinCameroon,Congo,Djibouti,Egypt,Ghana,andMauritania.TheinstallationofGlobalNavigationsSatelliteSystems–GNSSreceivers-atthesealevelstationsinTakoradi(Ghana),andInhambaneandPemba(Mozambique)providestheconnectionbetweenthehorizontalandtheverticaldataattheselocations.ThetidalandGNSSobservationstogetherallowsonetomonitorcrustalmotionsatthetidegaugelocationsinordertoderiveabsoluteorclimaterelatedsignalsinmeansealevelfromthetiderecords.ExpertsfromtheAfricancountriesusedthetrainingprovidedtoanalyzedatafromthesealevelstationsaroundAfricaandpreparetidalpredictions.Informationonthenetwork(equipmenttypesandlocation,reports,trainings,etc.)isavailableontheAfricanSeaLevelNetworkwebsite(http://sealevel.odinafrica.org/),whilethedatafromthestationscanbeaccessednear-realtimeatwww.sealevelstations.net.ThankstothecombinedeffortsofGLOSS,IOC/tsunamiandODINAFRICA,Africanowhasanetworkof40sealevelstations.CoastalandMarineAtlasesTheAfricanCoastalandMarineAtlas(www.africanmarineatlas.net)wasinitiatedasacontinental-scaleonlineresourceofpublicdomaingeospatialdata.Theprojectwasdesignedtoidentify,collectandorganizedatasetsintoanatlasofbiophysicalthemes,includingbasemaps,geosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,biosphereandthehumanandbuiltenvironment.AsecondaimwastoprovidetrainingtoincreasetheuseofGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)andspatialdataproductsforthedisseminationofappropriate,timelyandrelevantinformation.Theinventoryofdatasetsintheatlasisalsoausefulindicatorofgaps,eitherintheknowledgebaseortheavailabilityofthedatainthepublicdomain.TheCoastalandMarineAtlasescurrentlyhavemorethan3,500mapsfordifferentfeaturesfromthecoastalareasof20countries.FiveregionalatlaseshavealsobeendevelopedfortheLargeMarineEcosystemregionsasfollows:AgulhasandSomaliCurrent,BenguelaCurrent,CanaryCurrent,GuineaCurrent,andtheMediterraneanandRedSearegions.Thenationalandregionalatlasescanbeaccessedat:www.africanmarineatlas.org.AfricanRegisterofMarineSpeciesThecontributionoftheAfricaninstitutionstotheOceanBiogeographicInformationSystem(OBIS)andtheWorldRegisterofMarineSpecies(WoRMS)wasimprovedconsiderablythrough

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  • theorganizationoffocusedworkshopsduringwhichexpertsfromODINAFRICAinstitutionsinAfricadevelopeddatabasesonmarinemollusks,sponges,anddecapods.TheworkformedthebasisforcreationoftheAfricanRegisterofMarineAfReMaS(http://www.marinespecies.org/afremas/Species),whichalreadyhadmorethan24,300entriesasoftheendofAugust2013.SomeoftheinstitutionshavemadeprogressindevelopingnationalmarinebiodiversitydatabasesandmakingthemavailableonlineorthroughtheAfrOBISnode,whichisoneoftheglobalnodesofOBIS.AprojecttodigitizemarinebiodiversitydatacollectedintheGulfofGuinea(inparticularnationalwatersofGuinea)byex-SovietUnionresearchvesselswasimplementedandthedatageneratedwasincludedinOBIS.MarineMammalSurveyThreeship-basedvisualsurveysofthetemporalandspatialdistributionofmarinemammalsintheCCLMEregionwereundertakenduringtheFAO/CCLMEfisheriesresearchcruisesofftheNorthwestAfricanin2012-2013onboardtheR/VFridtjofNansenusingthefollowingmethodology:(a)collectionofmarinemammalsightingdataincludingnumberofsightingsperspecies,observerdataandrelativedensitiesusingstandarddatasamplingprotocols;(b)Recordingofthefollowingparameters:species,GPSposition,data/time,bearing/radialdistancereactiontovessel,groupsize,behavior,anycutaneousdiseases,associatedspecies,habitatdata,voucherphotos;and(c)Evaluationofthemarinemammalbiodiversity,distribution,relativedensity,seasonalityaspects,healthstatusinrelationtohabitat/oceanographyandhistoricalinsightsfromtheliterature.Trainingandequipmentwereprovidedtomarinebiologistsfromtheregionduringthesesurveys.ThedatacollectedhavebeenusedtoenrichtheOBISdatabase.DocumentRepositoriesTheinstitutionsparticipatinginODINAFRICAhaveparticipatedinthedevelopmentofadatabaseofpublicationsaboutmarineandfreshwaterscienceinAfrica(OceanDocs-Africa).Therepositorynowhasmorethan2,500recordsfromAfrica.Thesepublicationsincludebooks,journalarticles,technicalreports,theses,etc.TheAfricanrecordsintherepositorycanbeaccessedatOceanDocs-AFRICA.LiteratureCataloguesODINAFRICAaimsatmakinglibrarymaterialsinthemarinesciencelibrariesinAfricaaccessiblelocallythroughthecreationofacollectivecatalogueofco-operatinginstitutes’libraryholdings.ThedatabaseswereinitiallydevelopedusingtheINMAGICsoftware.ThiswaslaterconvertedtoAgriOcean/DSpaceandABCD.Thenationalcataloguesweremergedintoaunioncatalogueandaccessedonlinebriefly-www.afrilib.odinafrica.org.ODINAFRICAalsosupportedthedevelopmentofanAfricanUnionlistofJournalsfrominformationcenters.Thelist,whichcurrentlyhasnearly800serialholdings,canbeaccessedthroughtheIAMSLICwebsite:http://www.iamslic.org/unionlist/africa/index.php.ODINAFRICAalsoinitiatedthedevelopmentofaCatalogueofAquaticandFisheriesPublicationsfrom/aboutAfrica,withmorethan6000records.OceanDataCollectionsandCataloguesNationaldatacollectionsweredeveloped.Theseconsistedofoceanstationdata(fromglobal

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  • andlocalsources),satelliteanalyses,oceanclimatologies,weatherclimatologies,geology,basemapping,ecology,fisheries.TheinstitutionsparticipatinginODINAFRICAhavebeenprovidedwithadataCDcontainingdatafromtheIOCEAandIOCWIOregionsobtainedfromotherIODEdatacentersaroundtheworld.Inadditionaprogramtoidentify,digitizeandrepatriateotherdatasetsthatareavailableinforeigninstitutionstotheregionswasimplementedintheframeworkofGODAR.SeveralODINAFRICANODCspublishedtheirNationalMarineDatabasecollectionsonCD-ROMsandothermedia.AcatalogueofdatasetscanalsobeaccessedthroughacentralGeoNetworkserverlocatedat:www.geonetwork.iode.org/geonetworkAMA.SeaLevelDataCollectionTheAfricannetworkformeasurementsandmonitoringofsealevelwasexpandedandupgradedbyinstallingnewtidegaugesinCameroon,Congo,Djibouti,Egypt,Ghana,andMauritania.TheinstallationofGlobalNavigationsSatelliteSystems–GNSSreceivers-atthesealevelstationsinTakoradi(Ghana),andInhambaneandPemba(Mozambique)providestheconnectionbetweenthehorizontalandtheverticaldataattheselocations.ThetidalandGNSSobservationstogetherallowsonetomonitorcrustalmotionsatthetidegaugelocationsinordertoderiveabsoluteorclimaterelatedsignalsinmeansealevelfromthetiderecords.ExpertsfromtheAfricancountriesusedthetrainingprovidedtoanalyzedatafromthesealevelstationsaroundAfricaandpreparetidalpredictions.Informationonthenetwork(equipmenttypesandlocation,reports,trainingsetc.)isavailableontheAfricanSeaLevelNetworkwebsite(www.sealevel.odinafrica.org/),whilethedatafromthestationscanbeaccessednear-realtimeathttp://www.sealevelstations.net.ThankstothecombinedeffortsofGLOSS,IOC/tsunamiandODINAFRICA,Africanowhasanetworkof40sealevelstations.CoastalandMarineAtlasesTheAfricanCoastalandMarineAtlas(www.africanmarineatlas.net)wasinitiatedasacontinental-scaleonlineresourceofpublic-domaingeospatialdata.Theprojectwasdesignedtoidentify,collectandorganizedatasetsintoanatlasofbiophysicalthemes,including:basemaps,geosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,biosphereandthehumanandbuiltenvironment.AsecondaimwastoprovidetrainingtoincreasetheuseofGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)andspatialdataproductsforthedisseminationofappropriate,timelyandrelevantinformation.Theinventoryofdatasetsintheatlasisalsoausefulindicatorofgaps,eitherintheknowledgebaseortheavailabilityofthedatainthepublicdomain.TheCoastalandMarineAtlasescurrentlyhavemorethan3,500mapsfordifferentfeaturesfromthecoastalareasof20countries.FiveregionalatlaseshavealsobeendevelopedfortheLargeMarineEcosystemregionsasfollows:AgulhasandSomaliCurrent,BenguelaCurrent,CanaryCurrent,GuineaCurrent,andtheMediterraneanandRedSearegions.Thenationalandregionalatlasescanbeaccessedat:www.africanmarineatlas.net,whiletherelatedmetadataisavailableat:www.geonetwork.iode.org/geonetworkAMA.Theinitialcontinentalmapsanddatasetscanbeaccessedat:omap.africanmarineatlas.org.OceanDataCollectionsandCatalogues(Metadabases)ThecontributionoftheAfricaninstitutionstotheOceanBiogeographicInformationSystem(OBIS)andtheWorldRegisterofMarineSpecies(WoRMS)wasimprovedconsiderablythrough

    10

  • theorganizationoffocusedworkshopsduringwhichexpertsfromODINAFRICAinstitutionsinAfricadevelopeddatabasesonmarinemolluscs,sponges,anddecapods.TheworkformedthebasisforcreationoftheAfricanRegisterofMarineAfReMaS(www.marinespecies.org/afremas/Species–AfReMaS),whichalreadyhadmorethan24,300asattheendofAugust2013.SomeoftheinstitutionshavemadeprogressindevelopingnationalmarinebiodiversitydatabasesandavailingthemonlineorthroughtheAfrOBISnode,whichisoneoftheglobalnodesofOBIS.AprojecttodigitizemarinebiodiversitydatacollectedintheGulfofGuinea(inparticularnationalwatersofGuinea)byex-SovietUnionresearchvesselswasimplementedandthedatageneratedincludedinOBIS.MarineMammalSurveyThreeship-basedvisualsurveysofthetemporalandspatialdistributionofmarinemammalsintheCCLMEregionwereundertakenduringtheFAO/CCLMEfisheriesresearchcruisesofftheNorthwestAfricanin2012-2013onboardtheR/VFridtjofNansenusingthefollowingmethodology:

    • Collectionofmarinemammalsightingdataincludingnumberofsightingsperspecies,observereffortdataandrelativedensitiesusingstandarddatasamplingprotocols,

    • Recordingofthefollowingparameters:species,GPSposition,data/time,bearing/radialdistancereactiontovessel,groupsize,behavior,anycutaneousdiseases,associatedspecies,habitatdata,voucherphotos,and

    • Evaluationofthemarinemammalbiodiversity,distribution,relativedensity,seasonalityaspects,healthstatusinrelationtohabitat/oceanographyandhistoricalinsightsfromtheliterature.

    • Trainingandequipmentwasprovidedtomarinebiologistsfromtheregionduringthesesurveys.ThedatacollectedhavebeenusedtoenrichtheOBISdatabase.

    ServicesoftheIMROPLibraryTheIMROPlibrary'smainmissionsaretosupportthedemandoftheresearchers.ItmanagesthedocumentaryresearchandcontributestoabetterknowledgeofthescientificandtechnicalresultsoftheInstitutethroughthemanagementanddevelopmentofthelibrary:enrichmentofthecollectionsthroughtheacquisitionofnewbooks;modernizationofthelibrarytofacilitatetheworkofusers;andtrainingintheuseofcomputersoftware.Theservicesimplementactionstodisseminatescientificandtechnicalinformationinvariousforms,includingtheregularpublicationofnewslettersandnewsletters,aswellastheorganizationofscientificevents(meetings,symposiums)andthetrainingofusersintheuseofdocumentarysoftware.

    • Treat,store,produce,disseminateanddisseminatescientificinformationinresponsetotheneedsofscientists,administrations,professionalsandthegeneralpublic;

    • Developmentandmanagementofcollectionsanddocumentdatabases;• Modernizationofthearchivingandreceptionstructuresofthelibrary;• Reinforcementoftheeditorialproductionoftheinstitute(infographicachievements

    andproductionofscientificorpopularizeddocuments);• InstitutionalcommunicationdevelopmentofIMROP;• Participationinexhibitionsandorganizationofevents(conferences,symposia,gate

    days).

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  • ManagementandDevelopmentoftheLibraryScientificinformationdevelopmentmanagementaimstoensurethemanagementanddevelopmentofthelibraryintermsofacquisition,organizationanddisseminationofscientificandtechnicalinformation;enrichingthedocumentarystockbyacquiringnewbooks;andmodernizationofthelibrarytofacilitatetheworkofusers.GoaloftheStudyThegoalofthestudyistomeasureusers'satisfactionwiththeservicesofferedbythecenteraspartoftheODINAFRICAprojectandtoanalyzetheimpactoftheODINAFRICAprojectinthedevelopmentofoceanographicresearchandfisheriesinMauritania.ThequestionnairewasadministeredattheheadquartersofIMROP.AlllaboratorieswerevisitedandthequestionnairewasadministeredfromMarch10toMay25,2017.PopulationandSizeofStudySinceIMROPisaninterdisciplinaryinstitution,researchersspecializeinthedisciplinesofecology,biology,chemistry-microbiology,oceanography,stockassessment,socio-anthropology.Thestudypopulationcorrespondedtoalloftheinstitute'sresearchersandusersofthelibrary.ThestartingsamplesizewasallIMROPresearchersrepresenting110people.Wewereabletointerviewonly63researchersinNouadhiboubecausetheytravelfrequently.Someofthemarealsointraining,internshiporsecondedinNouakchott.Theresearchersarefrom:

    • TheLaboratoryofAssessmentofLivingandAquaticResources(LERVA);• TheLaboratoryBiologyandEcologyofAquaticOrganisms(LBEOA);• TheLaboratoryofSocialandEconomicStudies(LESE);• TheLaboratoryofMarineandCoastalStudies(LEMMC);• TheStatisticalService(SS);• TheDocumentationandScientificInformationCenter(CDI).

    Theaveragedurationoftheinterviewwasapproximately15minutes.ResearchMethodologyWewantedtocoveralltheresearchareasofthescientiststohaveagoodrepresentationofthedifferentopinionsonthedifferentservicesofferedbytheinstitute'sdocumentationcenterthankstotheODINAFRICAproject.TomeasureusersatisfactionwiththeservicesofferedbythecenteraspartoftheOdinafricaprojectweuseasurveytoanalyzeuserbehavior,theirmotivationsforuseandpractices,theirattitudetowardstheservicesoffered,theirexpectationsandknowledgeoftheconstraintsoftheservicesoffered.ResultsThesurveyshowsthatIMROPresearchersusemoreMarineInfoProducts&Services(BibliographicSearchServices),theLiteratureCatalogs,whichrepresents30%ofthetermsofuseofservices,offeredundertheODINAFRICAproject.TherepositoriesandOceanDocsthatrepresentthescanneddocumentsrespectivelyoccupy12and13%oftheanswers.OtherservicesincludetheDocumentRequest,theODINAFRICAProjectsDatabaseandtheOceanDataCollection&Services(OceanDataCollectionsandCatalogs),theSeaLevelDataCollection,theCoastalandMarineAtlases,theAfricanRegisterofMarineSpecies,MarineMammalSurvey.Thatrepresentsverylowutilizationratesbetween8and3%.

    12

  • Figure1.Odinafricaservices.

    ContributiontoResearchImprovementinIMROPBylookingattheuseofservicesbyresearcharea,weseethattheLaboratoryBiologyandEcologyofAquaticOrganisms(LBEOA)makesmuchmoreuseoftheservicesofferedbytheOdinafricaprojectwith27%use,followedbytheLaboratoryofAssessmentofLivingandAquaticResources(LERVA)with18%useandLaboratoryofMarineandCoastalStudies(LEMMC)with16%use.The(LESE)uses13%andtheStatisticalService(SS)7%thelaboratoriesseemlesstotakeadvantageoftheinformationavailableanddevelopedinitsfieldsintheOdinafricaproject.

    Figure2.Contributiontothetrainingandimprovementsofresearchersbyinstitutions.

    TheservicesenabledseveralIMROPscientiststofinishtheirtrainingcourses.18%ofrespondentssaytheyusedtheservicestodotheirdoctoraltraining.39%claimtohaveusedtheservicestheyhavebeenabletodotheirmasterstraining,23tousetheservicesaspartoftheirdegree-leveltrainingand5%usedtheservicestotraininDEUG.IMROPscientiststocompletetheirtrainingaspartofself-studyalsousedtheservices.

    13

  • Figure3.Contributiontothetrainingandimprovementsofresearchers.

    ContributiontoScientificProductionThequestionnairealsorevealedthatIMROPresearchersareusingtheservicesdevelopedundertheOdinafricaproject.30%oftheservicesprovidedprovidedtechnicaladviceonfisheriesmanagementandfisheriesmanagement,25%ofthemclaimtouseavailableresourcematerialstorepairtechnicalreports,topreparetechnicalreports.15%ofresearcherssaytheyhaveuseddocumentaryresourcesinthewritingofscientificarticles,20%ofresearcherssaytheyhaveproducedscientificpostersusingdatafromtheOdinafricaprojectand10%forconferencepapers.34%ofthemsaidtheyweresatisfiedwiththeservicesdevelopedundertheOdinafricaproject,20%aremoderatelysatisfiedand9%seemnottobesatisfiedwiththeservicesdevelopedorhaveneverusedtheservices.Overall,theOdinafricaprojectisrecognizedbymostoftheintervieweesasaprojectthathasprovidedresearcherswithimportantinformationinoceanographers,marinescientistsandfisheries.HisinformationwasverymuchinvolvedincarryingoutresearchactionatIMROP.However,theanalysisalsoshowsthatmanyresearchersseemtobeunawareofthediversityofsourcesofinformationavailableintheproject.Somealsofortechnicalreasonsincludingaccesstobroadbandinternetcouldnottakeadvantageofthesesourcesofinformation.

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  • Figure4.Contributiontoscientificproduction.

    ConclusionTheODINAFRICAprojecthasparticipatedextensivelyinthedevelopmentofoceanographicresearchandfisheriesinWestAfricaandmainlyinMauritaniabysettingupalibrary,provisionofscientificinformation,givinggrantofscientificequipment(computers,tidegauges,etc.),trainingofscientistsandthedevelopmentofoceanographicresearchinWestAfrica.SomeobstacleshavebeenidentifiedwhichconstituteobstaclestotheuseofthedocumentaryresourcesproducedbytheOdinafricaproject.WecannoticesomeobstaclesforresearcherstotakeadvantageofthevariousservicesofferedbytheprojectthroughIODE.Manyresearchersalsodonotknowverywelltheservicesoffered.TheDataandinformationmanagersinvolveintheOdinafricaprojecthavealotofoutreachworktodotoinformthemofthepossibilitiesofferedandtheavailabledocumentaryresourcestoenableresearcherstobenefitfromtheminthecourseoftheirresearch.

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  • AccesstoMarineandAquaticSciencesInformationinBeninRepublic

    CoffiFerdinandoRockGbedo

    LibrarianatBeninInstituteforHalieuticandOceanographicResearch(IRHOB);Tel:0022996355480E-mail:[email protected],03BP1665cotonou

    AbstractInformationproductioninoursocietiesisgettingmoreandmoreexpansive.InBeninRepublic,marineandaquaticinformationisproducedbymanyorganizationssuchasBeninFisheriesandOceanologicResearchInstitute(IRHOB),FisheryProductionOffice,CotonouPortAuthority,somelaboratoriesofAbomey-CalaviUniversity,etc.Manyoftheseinstitutionsareworkingatthenationallevel.TheODINAFRICAprogramnationalnetworkwascreatedontheleadofIRHOB.Thisnetworkisstillworkingtoday.Withthefunctioningoftheseinstitutions,itisclearthatalotofinformationisbeingcollectedondifferenttopicswithinthedomain.Allcoastalandmarineinformationisbeingsharingthroughthisnetworkandamongallstakeholderandpolicydecisionmakers.Regardingthegrowinginformationneedsofactorsinthedomain,whatdowedotomeettheneedsofeachinformationseeker?ThispaperdescribestacticsusedbythelibraryofBeninInstituteforHalieuticandOceanographicResearch(IRHOB)notonlytofollowthenationalrhythmofinformationproductioninthefieldbutalsotoprovideitsuserswiththeappropriateinformation.AlotofinformationcanbefoundonIRHOB’swebsite:www.nodc-benin.orgKeywords:Benin,marineandaquaticsciences,informationaccess.

    IntroductionOceansandriversarenaturalresourcesthatplaysignificantrolesintheglobalpopulation’sfoodsecurityandthedevelopmentofdomesticeconomy.Fisheriescontributetolivelihoods,employmentandincomewithparticularimportanceincoastalcommunitiesindevelopingcountries.Around56millionpeoplearedirectlyemployedinfisheriesandaquacultureandsome200alongthevaluechain(FAO).Oceansandriversarehugeeconomicdevelopmentassetsfornations.Theyplaypreponderantrolesininternationalrelationsintermsoftransports,exportation,importation,tourismandindustry.Maritimetransportisthebedrockofmanynationaleconomicactivities.Itprovidesrawmaterialsforcountries’industrialfunctioningandensuresthedistributionofproductsorgoodsemergingfromindustries.Maritimetransportalsoleadstoothermeansoftransport.Wehavebeenabletoutilizecars,trainsandairplanestocarrygoodsfromtheirmanufacturingplacesthroughthesea.Riversalsofacilitatepopulations’mobilityandfueleconomicgrowth.InNigeria,forinstance,ferryservicesfrommile2Apapaand/ortoCMSreducestraffic-jamsonroadtransportationandtheslowingdownofeconomicactivities.Oceansandriversrankamongmajortouristdestinationsintheworld.Theywelcometourists

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  • whocomeeithertocruisethemortosojournontheirbeaches.InBeninforinstance,placeslikelaBoucheduRoy,anoutfallbetweentheAtlanticOceanandLakeMonoinGrand-PopoandGanvié,alacustrinevillageonlakeNokoué,areinvadedbythousandsoftouristscomingfromdiverseplaceseveryyear.TheseactivitiescontributehighlytotheeconomicgrowthofBenin.InNigeria,tourismwhichmaritimetransportenhancesandfacilitatesisanavenuethroughwhichthestatesandthefederalgovernmentsrealizerevenuethatisthenchanneledtodevelopmentalprojects.Forinstance,theLagosStateGovernmentgetssubstantialrevenueperannumfromusersofbeacheslikeEleko,LekkiandTaquaBay.Thehospitalitybusinessithasencouragedhasalsomadeitpossibleforguesthouses,hotelsandresortcenterswhichprovideemployment,aswellasrestandentertainmentfacilitiesfortouristsandothers.Somenationshaveheavyocean-basedindustrialactivities.Thoseactivitiesincludeseafishing,oilrefinery,energyproduction,etc.ThefisheriessectoroccupiesaveryimportantplaceinthesocioeconomicdevelopmentofBeninRepublic.Ithasbeenrecognizedasapowerfulincomeandemploymentgeneratorasitstimulatesthegrowthofanumberofsubsidiaryindustries.IncountrieslikeAngola,theindustrialfisherysectoriscontrolledbyEuropeans,Chinese,andKoreans.In2009,theproductionreached190,083tonnes(FAOFishstat).Therevenuesareestimatedat217millionsofUSDollars.Daily,thousandsofbarrelsofcrudeoilareproducedbyoffshorepetroleumrefineriesintheworld.AccordingtoOilandGasJournal,intheworldatotalof636refinerieswereoperatedonthe31December2014foratotalcapacityof87.75millionbarrels.Enginesormechanicalequipmentareinstalledintheseaforenergyproduction.Manypoliciesarethenbeingdevelopedinvariouscountriesintheworldtocoverelectricityneeds.Forexample,GreeceestablishedwaveenergyexploitationinthenorthAegeaninordertoguaranteethatitsnumerousisolatedislandsintheregionhaveaccesstoelectricity.Thankstooceanandriverresources,lifehasbecomeeasier.Butanthropicactionsareharmfultothemarineecosystemandaresourceofmanyotherproblems.Marineandaquaticspeciesaswellashumanbeingsarethreatenedbecauseofclimatechangeandsomefishingpractices.Emissionsfromhumanactivitiesarechangingtheocean’schemistryandtemperature.Emissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesaredisruptingoceansconditionsandjeopardizingthefutureoftheessentialfoodresourceswereceivefromtheoceans.Theymayreducetheamountofwildcaughtseafoodthatcanbesuppliedbytheoceansandalsoredistributespecies,changingthelocationsatwhichseafoodcanbecaught.Othercausesofdisruptionareoilspillsfromthewrecksofoiltankers.Thissituationisharmfultotheglobalpopulationbecauseoftheirdependenceonseafoods.Fishandseafoodareaprimarysourceofproteinformorethanonebillionofthepoorestpeopleonearth.However,theseproductsaregettingrareandtheglobalseafooddemandisexpectedtoriseby2050.Theselastyears,manybuildingandsocialinfrastructures(houses,roads,hotels,etc.)havebeendestroyedbycoastalerosion.Thisphenomenonistheresultofnegativeeffectsofhumanactivitiesonthemarineecosystem.Piracydisturbsthesmoothrunningofeconomicactivitiesonthesea.

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  • Inregardtoconsequencesoriginatingfromhumanactivitiesonseaandriver,aseriesofactionshavebeenundertakeneithertoslackendamagesortopreventtheiroccurrence.Theseactionsareconductedbydifferentinstitutionsthathandlethecatastrophicimpactsonseaandrivers(pollution,climatechange,fishstockrarityordecline,etc.),securityandlegalissues.Theyproduceinformationandalsoneeddatatomakeadecisionorsolveaproblem.Actionsneedtobetakentomonitorinformationgrowthandensureitsavailability.ThispaperaimsatsharingthestrategyusedatBeninInstituteforHalieuticandOceanographicResearch(IRHOB)tofollowtherhythmofinformationproductioninmarineandaquaticsciencesinBenin.AquaticandMarineSciencesInstitutionsinBenin1.BeninInstituteforHalieuticandOceanographicResearch(IRHOB)Knownas‘NationalOceanographicCommittee,’IRHOBwascreatedin1988toguaranteethesustainabilityofmarineandlagoonresources.Itsobjectiveistocontributetotheeffectivemanagementoflivingandnon-livingaquaticresourcesinBenin.Intermofmissions,theresponsibilitiesofthisinstitutionaremultiple.Theseresponsibilitiesinvolvetheelaborationofthenationalfisheriesandoceanresearchprogramsandensuringtheircoordination,implementationandcontrol;theidentificationofproblemswhoseresolutionrequiresresearchandtraininginthefieldofmarinesciencesandadjacentcoastalareas;thecentralizationofdata;thepromotionoftheexchange,publicationanddisseminationoffisheryandoceanresearchresults;participationintheelaborationandimplementationofregionalandinternationalfisheriesandoceanresearchprogramsconsistentwithBeninnationaldevelopmentgoals;research,production,expertiseoradviceintherespectivedomainsofpublicandprivatepartners;andcontributionstothetrainingandpromotionofresearchersinmarinesciences.Asaresearchinstitute,thisinstitutioncarriesoutmanyactivities.Themostvisibleare:

    • Themonitoringofphysico-chemicalparametersofBenin’smarineandcoastalwaters;• ThestudyofthecoastaldynamicofBeninlittoral;• ThefishstockassessmentthroughstatisticsincollaborationwithFAO;• ThedemersalfishstockassessmentundertheaegisoftheWestAfricanMonetaryand

    EconomicUnion(UEMOA)inbothstatememberscountriesandneighboringones;• ThestudyofclimateandoceancirculationintheGulfofGuinea(EGEE)withinthe

    frameworkoftheInternationalAMMAProgram(MultidisciplinaryAnalysisoftheAfricanMonsoon)from2005to2007;

    • TheregionalProgramofphysicaloceanographyinwestAfrica(PROPAO);• Thecreationofanetworkforcoastalmeasures;• Thecreationofacoastaldatabank(temperature,salinity…)andmeteorologicaldata

    accessibleonourwebsitewww.nodc-benin.org;• Thesupervisionofinternsandstudentsfortheirdissertations;• Theanalysisandmodelingofthecoastalenvironment,coastalerosion,sealevel,

    sedimentarytransport,windsandcurrents.Oceans,rivers,etc.andtheirresourcesrankamongthenumberoneprioritiesofnations.InBeninRepublic,manyotherinstitutionsdealwithoceanographicandlacustrineissues.Somearedataproducerswhileothersaredatausersorconsumers.

    17

  • Figure1.RetrievingbeachseineatCotonoubeachbyartisinalfishermen.

    Figure2.Spermwhale(seenfromfront)atthePortofCotonou.

    Figure3.Seasurfaceevolution2005-2017.

    18

  • Figure4.Datacollectiononthebeach.

    OtherOrganizationsinAquaticandMarineScienceinBenin

    ▸ DirectionofFisheriesProduction(DPH)▸ Cotonou’sPortDirection(PAC)▸ MaritimePrefect▸ DirectionoftheMerchantMarine(DMM)▸ NationalInstituteofGeography(IGN)• NationalCenterofRemotesensing(CENATEL)• DirectionofEnvironmentandClimate(DGEC)• NationalDirectionofWater(DGEau)• NationalDirectionofMines• NationalInstituteofStatisticsandEconomicAnalysis(INSAE)• SafetyAgencyforAirNavigationinAfrica(ASECNA)• NationalMeteorologicalAgency(ANM)• UniversityofAbomey-Calavi• TheInternationalChairinMathematicalPhysicsandApplications(CIPMA-Chaire

    UNESCO)• LaboratoryofAppliedEcology(LEA)• WetlandResearchLaboratory(LRZH)• NationalInstituteofWater(INE)• Non-GovernmentalOrganizations

    19

  • InformationProductioninAquaticandMarineResearchinBeninAsonecansee,theproductionofinformationinthedomainisimportantinregardtothenumberofinstitutionsthatcontrolthesector.Someorganizationslike‘’SafetyAgencyforAirNavigationinAfrica(ASECNA),GeneralDirectionofCotonou’sPort,etc.needinformationforthesmoothrunningoftheiractivities.OtherorganizationslikeIRHOB,andtheInternationalChairinMathematicalPhysicsandApplications(CIPMA–ChairUNESCO),etc.thatareresearchinstitutesproduceandconsumemarineandaquaticdata.Thesedataareproducedintheiractivitiestotrain,diagnose,preventoridentifysustainablesolutionsinthefield.Theimmediateconsequenceofinformationproductionis“infobesity,”characterizedbytheincapacitytofollowtherhythmofproduction.ThisreallyaffectstheinformationaccessprocessinBenin.Infact,inthislibrary,informationaccessneedsoriginatefromresearcherscomposedofteachers,studentsandnationalorganizationsdependentonenvironmental,lacustrineandoceanographicdata.Thoserequestssometimesarenoteasytosatisfyduetounavailability.Itisthenachallenge,forifweconsiderthatbigdataaregeneratedbymanynationalorganizations,weshouldbeabletobuildarepositoryofwhatisproduced,soastoensuretheiraccessinshortandlongrun.ThisiswhatmadethelibraryofIRHOBtodeviseits‘’legaldeposit’’strategy.Thestrategyconsistsinfollowingthenationalrhythmofaquaticandoceanographicinformation.Thestrategyconsistsofthreeessentials:Datacentralization,partnershipwithuniversitiesandotherorganizationsandinternationalaccess.Ø DatacentralizationThemethodhereistoconcentratealltheresearchfindingsofIRHOB.Withthisstrategy,thelibraryupdatestheinstitutiondataandmakesthemavailabletousers.Someofthesedatacanbeaccessibleonlinewhileothersareavailableinprintformat.Documentsinprintformatarethefollowing:

    • Directoriesofresearchersandinstitutionsinmarineandcoastalsciences;• Bathymetryofthechannel,lakeNokoué,lakeAhémé,anditschannelsandpartofthe

    ocean;• Nationalandregionalmarineandcoastalatlas;• Marinefishatlasofcommercialinterest;• DigitizedMapofBenincontinentalshelf;• Severalthematicmapsontheparametersofthemarineandcoastalenvironment;• Severalpublications,factsheetsandthematicposters;etc.

    OnlinedatacanbefoundonIRHOB’swebsite:www.nodc-benin.org.

    Ø PartnershipswithUniversitiesandOtherOrganizationsThepartnershipswithacademicinstitutionsandotherorganizationsaimatcollectingdocuments(thesis,articles,reports,andothergreyliterature)producedbylecturers,teachers,researchers,etc.Thismeasureenablesthegatheringofnationalacademicresourcesonaquaticandmarinesciences.Thesedataareoftenusedbystudentsforacademicpurposes.ThishasbeenpossiblethanktoapartnershipsignedbetweenIRHOBandacademicinstitutions,organizationsdealingwithoceanandaquaticissues.

    20

  • Ø AccesstoInternationalDataIRHOBLibrarypatronscanaccessinternationalaquaticandmarinescienceresourcesthroughtheprogramAGORAwhichisoneofthefifthscientificandtechnicaldatabasesoftheprogramResearch4life.ItiscoordinatedbytheFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)andaimsatreducingknowledgegapbetweennorthernandsoutherncountries.Itprovidesfreeonlineaccesstomorethan10,000reviewsand26,000booksinmanydisciplinessuchas:agriculture,veterinaryscience,biology,biotechnology,chemestry,ecology,environmentsciences,naturalresources,fishing,aquaticsciences,etc.othersourceslikeRAMSARConvention.ConclusionWhateverthefieldmaybe,informationavailabilityisvitalforthesmoothrunningofhumanactivities.ThispaperdiscussedstrategiesusedatBeninInstituteforHalieuticandOceanographicResearch(IRHOB)toprovideaccesstoaquaticandmarinesciencesinformationinBenin.ReferencesNazeryKhalid,MargaretAng&ZuliatiniMdJoni.2009.TheImportanceoftheMarineSectorin

    Socio-economicDevelopment:ASouthEastAsiaPerspective.MaritimeInstituteofMalaysiaMIMA),32p.

    MinisterialConferenceonFisheriesCooperationamongAfricanStatesBorderingtheAtlanticOcean.Synthèsedel’étudesurlesindustriesdespêchesetdel’aquacultureAngola.

    Jolly,Claire.2016.TheOceaneconomyin2030.WorkshoponmaritimeclusterandGlobalChallenges50thanniversaryoftheWP6.1December2016.

    InternationalMaritimeOrganisation.RenforcementdelasûretémaritimeenAfriquedel’OuestetduCentre.

    Ocean-basedfoodsecuritythreatenedinahighCO2World.ARankingofNations’VulnerabilitytoClimateChangeandOceanAcidification.

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  • NamibiaMarineDataCollection

    AndreasH.L.T.Hainghumbi

    Head,LibraryoftheInstituteforHalieuticsandOceanographicResearch(IRHOB)Benin

    AbstractThepapergaveanoverviewofhowtheNationalMarineInformationResearchCentre(NatMIRC)collectsitsdataandthefunctionsofsuchdata.ThisincludedbriefdescriptionsofdatacollectingtechniquesusedorappliedbyNatMIRCscientistsandtheprocessesinvolvedintransformingsuchdataintoinformation,andthefunctionsandrolesofsuchinformationthereafter.Keywords:Benin,libraries,NatMIRC,datacollection.

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  • DevelopmentandIntroductiontotheNewWebsiteProject

    oftheRegionalGroupofIAMSLICforAfrica-AFRIAMSLIC

    ArameNdiayeKeita

    DirectiondesPëchesMaritimesSenegal

    AbstractAFRIAMSLICistheregionalgroupoftheInternationalAssociationofAquaticandMarineScienceLibrariesandInformationCenters(IAMSLIC)forAfrica.IAMSLICprovidesaforumforsharingideasandresourceswithinthevariousaquaticandmarinesciencedisciplines.IAMSLIChassixregionalgroups:AFRIAMLIC,Cyamus,EURASLIC,GrupoRegionalLatinoamericano,PacificIslands,andSAIL.AFRIAMSLICaimstoexchangeandexploreideasandissuesofmutualconcernthroughcooperationwithinAfricaandtobuildstronglinkswithothernational,regionalandinternationalaquaticandmarinesciencelibrariesandinformationnetworks.Toenhancecommunicationandresourcessharingamongmembersofthegroupandincreasebetteraccesstoinformationresources,anAFRIAMSLICwebsitewillbedevelopedunderWordPressandhostedbyIAMSLIC.Thebasicframeworkofthewebsiteisalreadycreated.Thenextstepswillbetheconfigurationandcustomizationofthesiteaswellasadditionofnewcontents.Thepaperwillreportonthesuccessandthechallengesinthedevelopmentofthewebsite.TheIAMSLICconferenceinUGANDAinOctober2018willbeusedasanopportunitytointroducethenewwebsite.Keywords:Aquaticandmarinescience,Africa,IAMSLIC,AFRIANSLIC,websites.

    23

  • DigitalAccesstoResearch:ProspectsoftheTechnologyBankProjectoftheUnitedNations

    OnanMulumba

    CountryFocalPoint–Uganda,TechnologyBankoftheUnitedNationsomulumba@gmail.comCarolineKobusingye

    CountryFocalPoint–Uganda,TechnologyBankoftheUnitedNationsckobs.angel@gmail.comBlessingMawire

    CountryCoordinator–Uganda,[email protected]

    AbstractIn2016,theUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyofficiallyestablishedtheTechnologyBankProjectaimedatsupportingandstrengtheningScience,TechnologyandInnovations(STI)inselectedLeastDevelopedCountries(LDCs).ThefocusareaoftheprojectwastopromotedigitalaccesstoresearchandtechnologyinLDCs.Workinginpartnershipwithresearch4life,apartnershipof5UNagencies(WHO,FAO,WIPO,ILO,UNEP),highlyratedsciencepublishers,CornellandYaleUniversities,thathavebeenprovidingfreeaccesstoglobalacademicresearchthroughthefiveresearch4lifeprogrammes,aswellasincollaborationwiththeUgandaFocalPersons,theTechnologyBankaimstoachieveitsobjective.TheDAR(DigitalAccesstoResources)activitiesoftheTechnologyBankstartedinSeptember2018,inUganda.TheactivitieswerethenofficiallylaunchedinaworkshopatUgandaChristianUniversity(UCU)onthe7thofNovember2018.Subsequentactivitiesandworkshopswereheldinwhichtheprojectreachedouttomanyresearchersandinstitutions.Thispaper,therefore,presentsasummaryofDARactivitiesandtheirspreadwithinthecountryuntilDecember2018.Keywords:Digitalaccesstoresearch;TechnologyBank;Research4Life,research,innovation,STI,Uganda.

    BackgroundtoTechnologyBankandDigitalAccesstoResearch(DAR)In2011,theIstanbulProgrammeofActioncalledfortheestablishmentofatechnologybankdedicatedtoleastdevelopedcountries,along-standingpriorityoftheLDCsconfirmedinthe2015AddisAbabaActionAgendaandinSustainableDevelopmentGoal17(UN-OHRLLS,2019).TheCounciloftheTechnologyBankoftheUnitedNations(UN)adoptedtheprogrammeofworkfocusingontheTechnologyBankincollaborationwithotherUNentities.ThisadoptionfollowedafeasibilitystudythatrealizedthemajorbenefititwouldhavetowardsthedevelopmentofresearchintheLDCs(UnitedNations,n.d.).On23December2016theUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyofficiallyestablishedtheTechnologyBank(New,2017;UN-OHRLLS,2019),andoperationalizedon22ndSeptember2017.TheTechnologyBankaimsatstrengtheningthescience,technologyandinnovationcapacityoftheworld’s47LDCs(UnitedNations,2017).TheTechnologyBank’sdigitalaccesstoresearchactivitiesbuildonthesubstantialexistingnationalscientificandtechnicalinformationaccessandinformationexpertise,tofosterandfurtherenhancenationalcapabilities,andalsotopromoteeventualSouth-Southcollaboration.

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  • TheTechnologyBankjoinsResearch4Life,apublicprivatepartnershipactiveinmorethan100low-andmiddle-incomecountries,includingalltheLDCs,since2002asanewUNpartner(“TechnologyBankfortheLeastDevelopedCountries :budgetandprogrammeofworkfor2018,”2018).ThroughtheDARactivities,theTechnologyBankbuildsonwhatResearch4Lifehassofaraccomplished,andgenerateresultsfortheLDCs,whichhavebeenoutofreachtodate.Research4Lifehasproventhatonlineaccesstotheworld’shighqualitypublishedscientificandtechnicalinformation(STP)ispossibleinalltheLDCs,althoughnotwithouthurdlesthatneedtobeovercome.ThroughtheDARactivities,theTechnologyBankaimsatensuringthattheLDCsmakethebestpossibleuseofthisaccess(“TechnologyBankfortheLeastDevelopedCountries:budgetandprogrammeofworkfor2018,”2018).DigitalAccesstoResearch(DAR)inUgandaDigitalAccesstoResearch(DAR)TechnologyBankoftheUnitedNationsactivitiescommencedinSeptember2018withvirtualmeetingswiththeCountryCoordinator,mappingoutactivitiesandthewayforward.Activitiesplannedincludedoutreach,meetings,workshopsandconferences.Severalmeetingswereheldwithvariousresearchsupportbodieswithinthecountry.On28thSeptember,ameetingwiththeExecutiveSecretaryforInter-UniversityCouncilforEastAfrica(IUCEA),Prof.LyambabajeAlexandre.Atthemeeting,Prof.LyambabajewasinvitedtobeakeynotespeakerattheLaunchoftheDARTechnologyBankofUnitedNationsProjectatUgandaChristianUniversity,Mukono.HewasablyrepresentedbyDr.PhillipAyoo,thePrincipalinnovationandoutreachofficer.Onsameday,IUCEAwasregisteredforRsearch4life.TheExecutiveSecretaryrequestedforamemorandumofunderstandingtocollaboratewiththeTechnologyBankProject.WhileatMbararatheDARteamreachedouttotwomoreorganizations/institutions;

    1. UniversityofSt.Joseph:ThisisanewlyestablishedCatholicUniversity.ThevisittothisuniversitysawtheteamhavingabriefingfromtheManager,QualityAssurance,theDeputyViceChancellorAcademicAffairsandtheAcademicRegistrar.TheaimwastolaystrategiesforfuturecollaborationsandinvolvementinDARactivities.2. CAMTECHUganda:ThisisacentreforinnovationsatMbararaUniversity.Theirmandateistonurtureinnovatorsandacceleratetechnologytransferinthemedicalfield.Theycurrentlyhaveinnovationsonmarket,includingahandsanitizer(Sanidrop)andothermedicalsupportservicesandproducts.

    MeetingswithGuestPresenters/ResearchSupportInstitutionsOn6thNovember2018,meetingswereheldwithvariousResearchSupportInstitutions.Theseincluded:Inter-UniversityCouncilforEastAfrica(IUCEA),NationalCouncilforScienceandTechnology(UNCST)andResearchandEducationNetworkforUganda(RENU).LaunchoftheDARProjectandOverviewofSTIinUgandaDr.PhillipAyoo,thePrincipalinnovation&outreachofficer,InnovationandCoordinationattheInterUniversityCouncilforEastAfrica(IUCEA),officiallylaunchedtheDARprojectinUganda.HeapplaudedtheTechnologyBankandResearch4lifeformakingitpossiblefortheEastAfricanregiontoaccesstheinformationatnocost.HealsocommendedtheeffortsbyTechnologyBank

    25

  • ofUNtobuildcapacityonDARinUganda’sinstitutionsandforbringingtogetherdifferentlocalpartners,whoarealsocrucialinmovingscienceandtechnology,andDARinUganda.Hefurtherimploredallparticipatinginstitutionstogoanextramileasresearchers,ICTspecialists,andlibrarianstoidentifytheirinstitutionalgapsinDARandimprovethemforrealizationofabiggergoalofboostingSTIinUganda.WorkshopsTwoworkshopsheldinUganda,on7thto9thNovember2018atUgandaChristianUniversity(UCU)and12thto14thNovember2018atMbararaUniversityofScienceandTechnology(MUST),stemfromWorkActivity2oftheTechnologyBank.Thisactivityaimsatpromotingaccesstoresearchandtechnicalknowledgeinselectedleastdevelopedcountries,amongwhichistheRepublicofUganda.ThisactivitywashighlysupportedbytheexistinginformationinfrastructurebuildbyResearch4Life,whichisanotherUnitedNationssupportedpublic-privatepartnership.TheusageofResearch4LifeResourcesshowsthatUgandahasafairlyhighusage.Forexample,intheperiodofJuly2017toMay2018,MakerereUniversityregistered16,056logins,MbararaUniversityofScienceandTechnology1,877logins,UgandaChristianUniversity1,330,andUgandaMartyrsUniversity1,431,amongmanyotherinstitutions.ComparativelyUgandahasthehighestusageinAfrica,andglobally,andcomesonlyafterNepalandBangladesh.ThehighuptakeofResearch4liferesourcesisalsoreflectedinthenumberandqualityofresearchoutputinthecountry.ObjectivesoftheWorkshopsWereto;

    • Enable,facilitateandincreaseonlineaccesstocostlyscientificjournals,booksanddatabasesatnodirectcharge;• Putinplacethenecessarycapacitiestocreateand/orscaleupaccesstoanduseofscientificandtechnicalknowledge;• Providetrainingforlibrarians,universityteachers,graduatestudents,researchers,ITspecialistsandotherrelevantconstituencies;• Createtangible,measurableresultsquicklythroughintensive,country-widecampaignsintheleastdevelopedcountriesinordertointegrateuseofthescientificandtechnologicalpotentialinallrelevantactivities;• LaythegroundworkforotheractivitiesoftheTechnologyBankthroughsubstantialimprovementinthescientificandtechnicalinformationinfrastructureintheleastdevelopedcountries.

    WorkshopVenues,FacilitationandParticipantCompositionThefirstworkshopwasheldinKampala,atUgandaChristianUniversity(UCU).ThesecondworkshopwasheldatMbararaUniversityofScienceandTechnology(MUST)inMbarara.Theworkshopfacilitatorsincludedguestpresenters,theCountryCoordinatorandthetwoCountryFocalPoints(CFPs),Mr.OnanMulumbaandMs.CarolineKobusingye.Tasksweredividedamongstthefacilitatorsandsupportwasprovidedtoparticipantsduringthepracticalsessionsandgrouptasks.Theworkshopparticipantscomprisedlibrarians/informationofficers,ITstaff,researchers,

    26

  • lecturers,governmentofficials,andadministrators.Thesecamefromdifferentcategoriesofinstitutions,including;universities,researchinstitutions,governmentministries/bodies,vocationalinstitutions,professionalassociations,publiclibraries,andcompanies.Theoverallgenderdistributionstoodat57(62.6%)maleand34(37.4%)female.DiscussionsandTrainingActivitiesTrainingactivitieswereprecededbyguestpresentationsfromkeystakeholdersandresearchsupportbodiesinthenationalscience,technologyandinnovationsstrategies,including;• UgandaNationalCouncilforScience&Technology(UNCST)-Ms.HellenNaluyimaOpolot;• InterUniversityCouncilforEastAfricanUniversities(IUCEA)-Dr.PhillipAyoo;• ResearchAndEducationNetworkforUganda(RENU)-Eng.IsaacJ.M.Kasana;• ConsortiumofUgandaUniversityLibraries(CUUL)–Ms.JescaKarungi;• Technology&InnovationSupportCentres(TISCs)NationalFocalPoint–Mr.TonnyJames

    Lubwama(fromUgandaRegistrationServicesBureau);• MinistryofScienceTechnologyandInnovation(MoSTI)-Hon.EliodaTumwesigyerepresented

    byMr.PatrickJoraamMugisha;• DeputyViceChancellor,AA(KyambogoUniversity)&Research4Lifeknowledgeexpert–Prof.

    MariaG.N.Musoke.WorkshopSummary

    Kampalaworkshop

    Mbararaworkshop

    Total

    Workshopparticipants

    Gender

    Male 26 31 57Female 21 13 34

    Total 47 44 91

    Participants’profession

    Librarians/Informationofficers

    24 13 37

    ITstaff 2 1 3Researchers 5 4 9Lecturers 6 4 10Governmentofficials 5 4 9Administrators 4 14 18Others 1 4 5

    Numberandtypeoforganizationsrepresented

    Universities 10 10 20Researchinstitutions 4 1 5Governmentministries/bodies

    5 4 9

    Vocationalinstitutions 4 1 5Professionalassociations 1 1 2Publiclibraries 0 1 1

    Companies 3 1 4

    Table1.Summaryofworkshopparticipants.27

  • Figure1.AmapshowingtheinstitutionstrainedandtheirgeographicaldistributionsConclusionTheinceptionoftheDARactivitiesweregenerallywelcomedbyallorganizationsandindividualswhowereengagedintheactivities.Theworkshopactivitiesbenefittedatotalof91participants,bothatUgandaChristianUniversityandatMbararaUniversityofScienceandTechnology.AftertheKampalaworkshop,acascadingeffectstartedtoberealisedwhenoneoftheparticipantsimmediatelytrainedherstudentsontheskillsshehadgainedattheworkshop.

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    Institutional mapping

    1 – Uganda Military Engineering College 2 - Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Kajjansi 3 - University of Kisubi 4 - Soroti University 5 - National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NAFIRRI) 6 - UPDF, Junior Command and Staff College 7 - Uganda Senior Command and Staff College 8 - Makerere University Business School 9 - Nkumba University, Nkumba 10 - Uganda National Council of Science and Technology 11 - Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST)

    12 - Lake Victoria Regional Authorities Cooperation (LVRLACC) 13 - Bishop Stuart University 14 - Mountains of the Moon University 15 - African Rural University, Kagadi 16 - Kampala International University, Bushenyi 17 - Ankole Western University, Kabwohe 18 - University of St. Joseph 19 - Bundibugyo Community Library 20 - Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kabale (KAZARDI) 21 - Bishop Barham, UCU 22 – Kabale University 23 - Uganda College of Commerce - Kabale 24 - Ibanda University

    DAR Workshop - UCU

    DAR Workshop - MUST

  • ItwasalsonotedthattherewasmuchwelcomeforthepartnershipbetweentheTechnologyBankandthestakeholderinstitutions,andsomeinstitutionsliketheMinistryofScience,TechnologyandInnovationsrequestedtosignMoUswiththeTechnologyBank.Furthermore,theworkshopssawlocalpartnersseekingcollaborationsamongstthemselves.Finally,thevalueoftheactivitiesinvitedattentionfromthegovernmentandarequestwasmadetoextendtheservicestotherestofthecountry.ReferencesNew,W.(2017).UNEstablishesTechnologyBankForLeast-DevelopedCountries,IncludingAnIP

    Bank.RetrievedJanuary12,2019,fromhttp://www.ip-watch.org/2017/01/06/un-establishes-technology-bank-least-developed-countries-including-ip-bank/

    TechnologyBankfortheLeastDevelopedCountries :budgetandprogrammeofworkfor2018.(2018).Retrievedfromhttp://unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2018/04/TBLDC-2017-3-Rev1_EN.pdf

    UN-OHRLLS.(2019).TechnologyBankfortheLeastDevelopedCountries.RetrievedJanuary24,2019,fromhttp://unohrlls.org/technologybank/

    UnitedNations.(n.d.).FeasibilityStudyforaUnitedNationsTechnologyBankfortheLeastDevelopedCountries.Retrievedfromhttps://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2106Feasibility-Study-for-a-United-Nations-Technology-Bank-for-the-Least-Developed-Countries.pdf

    UnitedNations.(2017).TechnologyBankforLeastDevelopedCountriesOperationalized,22September.RetrievedJanuary20,2019,fromhttps://www.un.org/press/en/2017/dev3292.doc.htm

    29

  • InsidetheScientificPaper

    CheikhIbrahimaSakho

    InstitutMauritanendeRecherchesOcéanographiquesetdesPêches

    AbstractRésuméFrançais:Lechercheuraunerelation«charnelle»aveclapublicationscientifique.C’esteneffetàtraversl’articlequ’ilcommuniquesesrésultatsetc’estàtraverssonécritqu’ilestévaluéetl’évolutiondesacarrièreendépendprofondément.Jadisunsimplevecteurdetransmissiondesrésultats,lapublicationscientifiquedevientprogressivementunoutild’évaluationindividuelleetcollectivedesscientifiquesetdesinstitutionsquilesemploientavantdesetransformeraudébutdusiècledernierendevéritablesmodèleséconomiquesenpleinetransition.Cetteprésentationanalyselesdessousdelacommunicationscientifique.EnglishAbstract:Theresearcherhasanintimaterelationshipwithscientificpublication.Throughthearticlestheywritetheycommunicatetheirresults,andtheyareevaluatedthroughtheirpapers.Theprogressionoftheircareersdependsprofoundlyontheirpublications.Formerlyasimplevectoroftransmissionofknowledgeforscientistsandtheirinstitutions,scientificpublicationhasgraduallybecomeanindividualandcollectiveevaluationofknowledge,andhavebecomerealeconomicmodels.

    30

  • StrategiesforProvidingAccesstoInformationNoMattertheLocation,TechnologicalAccess,andPatron:

    AcaseforMalawi

    GeoffreyFrancisSalanje

    LilongweUniversityofAgricultureandNaturalResources,[email protected]

    AbstractMalawihasanumberofresearcherslocatedinvariousscientificinstitutionsthroughoutthecountrywhouseinformationavailableindifferentformats.Apartfromtheseresearchers,thecountryhasalsoscholars,policymakers,teachers,extensionworkersandfarmerswhoseekinformationforvarioususages.Someoftheusesoftheinformationareliteraturereview,teachingandlearning,extension,planning,decisionmaking,accesstomarketsforfarmproducesandcommunityeducation.Providingaccesstorelevantinformationinvolveanumberofplayerssuchaslibrarians,communicationandinformationexpertsandbroadcasters.Accesstotheinformationmustbetimelyandintherightformatconsideringthatthereisnowadvancedtechnology.ThepaperthereforetalksofthevariouswaysofaccessingrelevantinformationinMalawi,takingintoconsiderationtheavailabletechnologyandthelocationoftheinformationusers.Thepaperalsooutlinesthechallengesfacedbythoseinvolvedinprovidingtheneededinformation.Keywords:Malawi,science,information,technology.

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  • IODEAssociateInformationUnits:ANewOpportunityforMarineInformationManagerstoParticipateattheGlobal

    Level

    SallyTaylor1,WenjingDong2,HeikeLust3,SaidaMessaoudi4,PaulineSimpson5,AidaSogaray6,JenniferWalton7

    1WoodwardLibrary,UniversityofBritishColumbia,2198HealthSciencesMall,

    Vancouver,BCV6T1Z3,Canadasally.taylor@ubc.ca2NationalMarineDataandInformationService,No.93LiuweiRoad,Tainjin,Hedong

    District,300171,[email protected],FlandersMarineInstitute,InnovOceansite,Wandelaarkaai7,8400

    Ostend,[email protected],28,rue2mars1924,Salammbo2025,Tunisia

    [email protected],LittleCayman,CaymanIslandsKY3-2501

    psimpson@reefreefresearch.org6NationalDirectorateofAquaticResourcesLibrary,MinistryofLivestock,Agriculture

    andFisheries.Constituyente1497,CP11.200,Montevideo,[email protected]

    7MBLWHOILibrary,MarineBiologicalLaboratory,7MBLStreet,WoodsHole,MA02543,[email protected]

    AbstractHowcanthemarineinformationmanagementcommunityparticipatemoreactivelywithintheInternationalOceanographicDataandInformationExchange(IODE)Network?AlthoughthereareNationalCoordinatorsforMarineInformationManagement,therehasbeennoothermechanismforIODEtocommunicatedirectlywithothermarineinformationprofessionals,andithasbeenachallengeforIODEtoreachthebroadermarineinformationcommunity.Thischangedin2017atthe24thsessionoftheIOCCommitteeonIODEwhentheCommitteeapprovedtheestablishmentofAssociateInformationUnits(AIUs).Interestedregionalornationalprojects,programmes,institutionsororganizationswithinformationactivitiescanapplytobecomeanAIU,andifapproved,benefitfromtheabilitytoinfluencetheIODECommitteedecisionson

    32

  • globalmarinedataandinformationinitiatives.ArepresentativefromtheJointIODE-IAMSLICGroupofExpertsinMarineInformationManagementinaTransitionalCapacity(GEMIM-in-T),whichwastaskedwithdesigningandmanagingtheapplicationprocess,presentedthisnewopportunitytoconferenceattendees.Sheoutlinedthebenefits,reviewedtheTermsofReference,describedtheapplicationprocess,andsharedprogress-to-date.Foranyonewishingtoapply,theAIUapplicationformisavailableat:http://www.iode.org/aiuKeywords:InternationalOceanographicDataandInformationExchange,AssociateInformationUnits,MarineScienceLibraries,MarineInformationManagement,Libraries

    IntroductionTheInternationalOceanographicDataandInformationExchange(IODE)programmeoftheIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommissionofUNESCO(IOC)wasestablishedin1961.Itspurposeis“toenhancemarineresearch,exploitationanddevelopment,byfacilitatingtheexchangeofoceanographicdataandinformationbetweenparticipatingMemberStates,andbymeetingtheneedsofusersfordataandinformationproducts.”ThenetworkstructureofIODEincludes66NationalOceanographicDataCentres,81NationalCoordinatorsforOceanographicDataManagement,and42NationalCoordinatorsforMarineInformationManagement(IODE,2018a).RecognizingtheimportanceofthewideroceanographicdataandinformationcommunityaskeystakeholdersintheIODENetwork,andtobroadenparticipationbeyondthenationalcentresandcoordinators,IODEestablishedAssociateDataUnitsandAssociateInformationUnits,bothofwhichcanbeprojects,programmes,institutionsororganizations.AssociateDataUnits(ADUs)wereapprovedbytheIOCCommitteein2013(IODE,2013),andAssociateInformationUnits(AIUs)wereapprovedin2017(IODE,2017).AsofDecember2018,therewere29ADUs(IODE,2018b)andtwoAIUs(IODE,2018c).TheJointIAMSLIC/IODEGroupofExpertsonMarineInformationManagementinatransitionalcapacity(GE-MIM-in-T),whichwasestablishedin2017(IODE,2018d),wastaskedwithpromotingthenewAIUinitiativetomarinesciencelibraries,designingandmanagingtheapplicationprocess,andevaluatingapplications.ThispaperfocusesontheAssociateInformationUnits,includingthebenefits,termsofreference,applicationprocess,andprogress-to-date.AssociateInformationUnits(AIUs)AnAssociateInformationUnitorAIUisanorganization,institution,projectorprogrammewithamarinescienceinformationactivity.JoiningIODEasAIUsoffers

    33

  • librariesandinformationmanagerstheopportunitytocollaborateandcreateprojectsusingtheirexpertiseofmetadata,documentrepositories,datamanagementpractices,andtheorganizationofknowledge.ByestablishingAIUs,IODEaimstopromotegreatercommunicationwiththeglobalmarineinformationcommunity,andtoofferitagreatervoiceinstrategicplanningfordataandinformationproductsandservices.Keybenefitsinclude:

    ● Beingpartofaninternationalmarinedataandinformationvision● Influencingthefuturedigitaldirectionofmarineinformation● Participatingininnovativeprojects,meetings,trainingcourses,workshops● Sharingandgainingexperienceinnewtechnologyapplications● Beingpartofaprofessionalnetworkofglobalmarineinformationmanagers

    TermsofReferenceThefollowingTermsofReferencedescribetheprofileofanAIU.

    1. Benationalprojects,programmes,institutionsororganizations,orregionalorinternationalprojects,programmes,institutionsororganizations(includingacademia)thatcarryoutmarineinformationmanagementfunctions,and/orprovidemarineinformationservices/products;

    2. Bestaffedbyatleastonemarineinformationprofessional(byqualificationorexperience);

    3. Activelyparticipateinthefurtherdevelopmentofonlineinformationservicesandproducts;

    4. PromoteOpenAccesstoinformation.Inthiscontext“OpenAccess”isdefinedas“unrestrictedaccessandunrestrictedreuse”to/ofinformation;

    5. Displayacollaborativeandnetworkingethosthrough:a. Membership/partnershipofprofessionalinformationnetworkstoenrichtheir

    ownaswellastheentireIODEcommunity;b. SharingexpertiseandexperiencewithotherAIUs,andIODENational

    CoordinatorsforMarineInformationManagement;c. SharinginformationonnewdigitalinitiativesimplementedwithintheAIU,with

    theIODEcommunity;d. EncourageorganizationstafftosubmittoOceanExpert

    6. Receiveinformationon,andcontributeto,IODEstandardsandbestpracticesrelatedtomarineinformationmanagement;

    7. Bewelcomedtoparticipateintrainingactivities,organizedwithintheframeworkoftheIODEOceanTeacherGlobalAcademyprogramme;

    8. BewelcomedtoparticipateinIODEworkshopsandprojects;

    34

  • 9. AgreetodisplaytheIODE/AIUdecallogoonyourwebpageandonmarineinformationproductsdevelopedincollaborationwithIODE,

    10. Agreetomakeavailableinformationmanagementdocumentation(standards,practices,guides…)usedbytheAIUforthewidermarinesciencelibraryandinformationcommunity.

    ApplicationprocessInterestedlibrariesareencouragedtocarefullyreviewtheTermsofReferenceandCriteriabeforeapplying.Notethattherearefouressentialcriteria:havingawebpresence,havingacollectionsholdingsdatabase,beingstaffedbyamarineinformationmanagementprofessional,andactivelyparticipatinginaprofessionalnetwork.Thestepsintheapplicationprocessare:

    1. Completetheapplicationformat:http://www.iode.org/aiuandsubmittoPeterPissierssens,IODEProgrammeCoordinator,[email protected]

    2. GEMIM-in-TreviewstheapplicationusingtheTermsofReferenceandCriteria(untilFebruary2019).

    3. GEMIM-in-TsubmitsarecommendationtotheIODEManagementGroupforapproval.AfterFebruary2019theIODEManagementGroup,whichwillincludemarineinformationrepresentatives,willreviewapplications.

    4. ApplicantsarecontactedinwritingbyPeterPissierssens.5. Ifanapplicationisapproved,theninformationaboutthenewAIUwillbeposted

    ontheIODEsiteandaCertificateofAccreditationissued.6. Accreditationisreviewedevery5years.

    QuestionsshouldbedirectedtoPeterPissierssensatp.pissierssens@unesco.orgProgresstodateIn2018theGEMIM-in-TdesignedanapplicationprocessandbeganpromotingthenewAIUinitiativetothemarineinformationcommunity.Invitationsweresentto30eligiblemarinelibraries,andpresentationsweregivenattheASFAAdvisoryBoardmeetinginJune2018andtheIAMSLICAnnualConferenceinOctober2018.Inthefallof2018,GEMIM-in-TevaluatedapplicationsfromtwolibrarieswhichwerethenapprovedbytheIODEManagementGroup.TheMBLWHOILibraryattheMarineBiologicalLaboratoryWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutioninWoodsHole,Massachusetts,andtheINSTMLibraryattheInstitutNationaldesSciencesetTechnologiesdelaMerinSalammbo,TunisiawerethefirsttwolibrariestojoinasaccreditedIODEAssociateInformationUnits.FutureplanstoencourageapplicationsincludecontinuedpromotiontomarinelibrariesthroughblogpostsandemailcampaignswiththesupportofIAMSLIC.Asmore

    35

  • AIUsjoinIODE,thecommunityofmarineinformationmanagerswithintheNetworkwillbestrengthened.ReferencesIODE.(2013).IOCCommitteeonInternationalOceanographicDataandInformation

    Exchange,Twenty-secondSession,Ensenada,Mexico,11-15March2013.Retrievedfrom:https://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=10583

    IODE.(2017).IOCCommitteeonInternationalOceanographicDataandInformationExchange,Twenty-fourthSession,KualaLumpur,Malaysia,28-31March2017,SummaryReport.Retrievedfrom:https://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=19058

    IODE.(2018a).InternationalOceanographicDataandInformationExchange.RetrievedDecember22,2018from:https://www.iode.org

    IODE.(2018b).IODEAssociateDataUnit(ADU).RetrievedDecember22,2018from:http://www.iode.org/adu

    IODE.(2018c).AboutAIUs.RetrievedDecember22,2018from:http://www.iode.org/aiu

    IODE.(2018d).JointIAMSLIC/IODEGroupofExpertsonMarineInformationManagement(IAMSLIC/IODEGE-MIM)inatransitionalcapacity.RetrievedDecember22,2018from:https://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=534&Itemid=100081

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  • FromDripstoTsunamis:PlanningforDisastersinYourLibrary

    PanelDiscussion

    Markland,Mary,DaveBaca,KristenLaBonte,andAngelaClark-Hughes

    AbstractDisastersstrikeeveryareaofanycountryandaffectlibraries,largeorsmall.Fromawaterleaktosomethingbiglikeanearthquake,hurricaneorfire,librariesneedtohaveaplanofactionforaneffectiveresponse.Ourpaneldiscussionincludedlibrarianswhohavesurviveddisastersalongwithotherswholiveinpotentiallyhazardousareas.Wediscusseddisasterplansfromanumberofinstitutionsofdifferentsizes,collectionsandbudgetsaswellasprovidingsomebestpracticesandresourcesforcreatingorupdatingyourownplan.Keywords:Disasterplanning,libraries,bestpractices.Belowisacopyofthehandoutofresourcesthatthepanelputtogether.

    • AmericanInstituteforConservationofHistoricandArtisticWorks.PublicationsandResources:DisasterResponseandRecovery.http://www.conservation-us.org/resources/disaster-response-recovery#.W6sIcxNKjMU

    • AmericanInstituteforConservationofHistoricandArtisticWorks.EmergencyResponseandSalvageWheel.http://store.conservation-us.org/site/index.php?app=ecom&ns=prodshow&ref=FAIC-1

    • CommunityEmergencyResponseTeam.https://www.ready.gov/community-emergency-response-teamØ TrainingmaterialsinEnglishandSpanishareatthebottomofthepage.Ø Manycountrieshavesimilarestablishedprograms.Searchforyourcountryand“emergencyresponsetraining”

    • ConsortiumofAcademicandResearchLibrariesofIllinois.SuppliesandToolsforLibraryDisasterResponse.https://www.carli.illinois.edu/products-services/collections-management/supplies-tools

    • MichiganStateUniversityLibraries.DisasterRecoveryForCollections.6thEdition.https://lib.msu.edu/sites/default/files/media/browser/MSU_Disaster_Manual_PUBLIC.pdf

    • Page,Julie.GuidelinesforEstablishingSalvagePriorities.http://www.sandallnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/EstablishingSalvagePrioritiesGuidelines.pdf

    • YaleUniversityLibraryPreservationServices.CollectionsPrioritizationTool.https://guides.library.yale.edu/preservationservices/collectionstool

    37

  • • AmericanRedCross.EmergencySupplyLists:https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html

    • OregonOfficeofEmergencyManagement.DisasterPreparednessPublications.SomeareavailableinSpanishaswellasEnglish.https://www.oregon.gov/OEM/hazardsprep/Pages/Preparedness-Publications.aspx

    • FromFacilitiestoTrauma:DisasterPlanningandCommunityResiliencyatYourLibrary.WebinarfromWebJunction–free.https://www.webjunction.org/events/webjunction/disaster-planning-community-resiliency.html

    • USReady.Gov.ResourcesforChildren.https://www.ready.gov/kids• Librarian’sDisasterPlanningandCommunityResiliencyGuidebookandWorkbook.

    https://www.njstatelib.org/services_for_libraries/resources/disaster_planning/• UnitedStatesNationalLibraryofMedicine.DisasterInformationManagementResearch

    Center.https://disasterinfo.nlm.nih.gov/• IFLA.DisasterPreparednessandPlanning:ABriefManual.AvailableinEnglish,French,

    Spanish,ArabicandCzech.https://www.ifla.org/publications/node/8068• AmericanLibraryAssociation.LibraryDisasterPreparedness&ResponseGuide.

    https://libguides.ala.org/disaster• PocketResponsePlans-InformationYouShouldAlwaysHaveWithYou.

    https://www.statearchivists.org/programs/emergency-preparedness/emergency-preparedness-resources/pocket-response-plantm-prep-tm-english-template/

    38


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