Problems of nuclear legacy regulation with accent on ...IAEA-Technical Meeting for the International Working Forum on RSLS, 17-21 October 2011, Vienna, Austria Problems of nuclear

IAEA-Technical Meeting for the International Working Forum on RSLS, 17-21 October 2011, Vienna, Austria

Problems of nuclear legacy regulation

with accent on Regulatory challenges in

relation to uranium legacy in Russia

Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia

Nataliya Shandala

Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow


Classification

■ Man-Made Radiation

– Uranium Tailing Dumps

– Places of Legacy Radionuclide Management

Operations

– Early Nuclear Materials Production

– Nuclear Weapons Landfills

– Radiation Accident Areas


Global Uranium Mining and Milling Waste (million t., UNSCEAR-2000)


Places of Global Nuclear Tests (UNSCEAR-2000)


Nuclear Landfills Lop Nor (China) & Semipalatinsk (USSR)


Villages along Techa River-Mayak area

Techa river


137Cs spots in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine following the ChNPP accident


Radiation doses from man-made radionuclide releases

Source Time periodSignificant

Nuclides Mean dose (mGy, mSv)

Global fallout 1950-2020 137Cs, 90Sr, 131I, 14C, 3H

1.1

Techa River,

Russia1949 - 2020 90Sr, 89Sr,

137Cs, др. 50-2000

Marshall Islands 1954 131I, 132I, 133IEffective – up to 2000

Thyroid – up 200·103

Chernobyl, USSR 1986-2056 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr

Effective – up to 500

Thyroid – up to 10·103


Observed health effects from environmental exposures

Source

Number of

persons

exposed

Observed health effect

Global

fallout

Few billions None observable against a very large

background of cancer incidence

Techa River,

Russia

28 thousands 100 - 1000 cases of chronic radiation

sickness. Leukemia and solid cancer

under study

Marshall

Islands

Few hundred Tens of benign thyroid nodules, few

thyroid cancers

Chernobyl,

USSR

Few millions 2000 thyroid cancers in children by

2000, more are expected


Northwest, Site of SNF and RW Temporary Storage

Andreeva Bay

1.3 • 1017 Bq of SNF

6.0 • 1014 Bq of RW

Gremikha

1.3 • 1016 Bq of SNF 3.3 •

1013 Bq of RW


Decommissed Russian uranium enterprises and sites

Objects of uranium legacy

Russian operational facilities and uranium sites


Uranium Areas & Radon

About 1000 rooms; Radon

EROA in dwellings > 200

Bq/m3, 40% of which with

Radon EROA > 400 Bq/m3


Nearby uranium mining facility

■ Maximum dose rate up to 15 µSv/h

■ 226Ra specific activity in soil is 200 – 400

Bq/kg

■ Ground water contamination, Bq/l

■ Specific activities of 226Ra and 210 Рb in

foodstuffs

No borehole 226 Ra 210Pb

2 0.05 0.6

7 0.02 0.3

22 0.03 0.5

201 0.18 0.8

IL (norms) 0.5 0.2


Resettlement of

OctyabrskyLermontov


Uranium Mines

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1953-1957

1958-1962

1963-1967

1968-1972

1973-1977

1978-1981

1982-1984

Mo

rtal

ity

rate

(o

ver

1000

0 p

er/a

) MinersControl

Lung cancer among the uranium miners


Occupational and cancer pathology of

workers of uranium mines


EURASEC Programme

� Target indicators and indexes together with parameters for their evaluation

� Method for the impact assessment of mines on the public health

� Method of radiation monitoring performance at areas of facilities under restoration

� Regulation


Current regulation

The following regulative documents (Rules) were and

are in force in the republics of the Former Soviet

Union and in Russia:

■ Nuclear Facilities and Installations Designing, 1977.

■ Arrangement and Operation of Facilities for Underground and

Heap Leaching, 1983

■ Uranium Mines Operation, 1986

■ Closure, Conservation and Change of Functions of Radioactive

Ore Mining and Milling Facilities, 1991

18

Now, the new document is under development “Requirements For

Design and operation of the uranium ore mining and milling

facilities (SP UR-11) – Rules”


Normative Basis of Regulation


What Else is Needed to Regulate the Uranium Legacy in Russia?

■ To introduce the existing exposure situation into the

national standards in harmony with the ICRP system

■ To develop criteria for site remediation and return, by

stages, to uncontrolled uses

■ To consider possibilities and methods of optimization for

the remediation strategies under development

■ To to separate the special category - RW resulted from

uranium ore mining and dressing


What has been done within the

RSLS Forum� FMBC reviewed the Ukrainian regulatory document "The

Requirements and Safety Conditions when decommissionning

uranium facilities by liquidation, conservation or redevelopment",

submitted by the Commission on Nuclear Regulation of Ukraine. 6

experts from FMBA of Russia were involved in this work and their

reviews have been send to Ukrane

� FMBA of Russia can provide

to different regulatory

bodies some requested

regulatory documents for

review and use of good

practice

IAEA-Technical Meeting for the International Working Forum on RSLS, 17-21 October 2011, Vienna, Austriawww.rosatom.ru

http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/photos/

The G8 countries agreed to allocate up to $2bn over 10 years for implementation

of specific projects associated with counteracting weapons and mass destruction

materials proliferation in the area of nuclear submarines dismantling

2002-2012

Kananaskis, Canada

2002

Global Partnership Programme

Documents

Problems of nuclear legacy regulation with accent on ...IAEA-Technical Meeting for the International Working Forum on RSLS, 17-21 October 2011, Vienna, Austria Problems of nuclear