DZELEPOV LABORATORY OF NUCLEAR PROBLEMS

DZELEPOV LABORATORY OF NUCLEAR PROBLEMS

A. KOVALIK

Accelerator building

DZELEPOV LABORATORY OF NUCLEAR PROBLEMSthe founding laboratory of the JINR (1956) – “Institute of Nuclear Problems” (1953)

V.P. Dzelepov

M.G. Meshcheryakov

Synchro-cyclotron (1949)

[“Electro-physical laboratory” (1951)]

DZELEPOV LABORATORY OF NUCLEAR PROBLEMS

B. Pontecorvo

– a beginning of high energy neutrino physics

on accelerators (1959)

– μ- + 3He → 3H + νμ ═> upper limit on m(νμ)

The scientific activities and organization of the Laboratory

The scientific activities:

• experimental investigation in particle physics (at high, low and intermediate energies)

• investigation of nuclear structure (including relativistic nuclear physics and nuclear spectroscopy)

• study of condensed matter properties

• biological and medico-biological investigations

• development of new accelerators and nuclear spectroscopy methods

Organization:

• 9 scientific divisions

• a “self-financing” scientific Phasotron division

• a designing division

• an experimental machine shop

• 3 auxiliary divisions

Staff: about 690 members of staff

LOW- AND INTERMEDIATE-ENERGY PHYSICS

Themes (projects)

1. Investigation of fundamental interactions in nuclei at low

energies (GEMMA, TGV, ANCOR, NEMO, GERDA&MAJORANA,

EDELWEISS, LESI)

2. Nucleus and particle interactions at intermediate energies

(AEROGEL, ANKE-COSY, DUBTO, FAMILON, MU-CATALYSIS,

MUON, PALM, PIBETA)

3. Improvement and development of the JINR phasotron for

fundamental and applied research (SAD)


Investigation of Fundamental Interactions in Nuclei at Low Energies

GEMMA

(Germanium Experiment on the measurement of Magnetic Momentum of Antineutrino)

Existing limit: ≤ 1.0x10-10 μB

The region interesting for theory ~ 10-12 μB

GEMMA1: - 1 HPGe detector

Expected sensitivity: ≤ 5.5x10-11μB (1 year data taking→2006)

≤ 4.0x10-11μB (2 years data taking→2007)

Present (preliminary) result: < 9.7x10-11μB (the best results measured till now)

GEMMA2: - 2 HPGe detectors (~2 kg of Ge)

Expected sensitivity: (1.2-4.5)x10-11μB

Neutrino Magnetic Moment

in - e scattering

• Weak Interaction

• Electromagnetic Interactionincreases total cross-section

(especially at low energies)

Nuclear reactor

Ge detector

14 m

Reactor as a shielding against cosmic muons

KALININSKAYA

Nuclear Power Station (Udomlya, 300 km North)

P = 3 GW = 2.2×1013 / cm2 / s

Count rate ratio

“ON” / “OFF”

n- and -shielding

3 m

B (25 G)

Source: 10 kg of isotopes, cylindrical foils,

with surface ~ 20 m2 and thickness ~60 mg/cm2

For 0-studies: ~7 kg 100Mo, ~1 kg 82Se

Tracking detector: drift wire chamber

operating in Geiger mode with 6180 cells.

Calorimeter: 1940 plastic scintillators coupled

to low radioactivity PMTs.

NEMO Core

Magnetic field: 25 Gauss Gamma shield: Pure Iron

(18 cm) Neutron shield: borated water (~30 cm) +

Wood (Top/Bottom/Gapes between water tanks)

Main advantage of method: identification e-,

e+, and a-delayed, wich allows:

1. Direct observation of double beta-decay;

2. Effective multilevel background rejection.

3. Self-determination of all types of

background contaminations

With shield

NEMO/SuperNEMO project: basic statements

Aim: Search for neutrinoless double beta-

decay:

(A,Z)(A,Z+2) + 2e-

which is now the only way to probe neutrino

nature (Majorana or Dirac particle) and

absolute neutrino mass below 0.1 eV region.

Observables:

Measured SM-allowed

two neutrino double

beta decay.

Expected neutrinoless

double beta decay for

Majorana neutrino

February 2003 : beginning of data taking

From NEMO-3 to SuperNEMO

Planned SuperNEMO sensitivity at

2015 corresponds in date&value to

plans of leading world -projects

:T

0

2/1> 2.01026 y

< m> < 0.04 – 0.1 meV

Current 0-sensitivity obtained

(100Mo, 90% CL):

T0

2/1> 4.61023 y

< m> < 0.8 – 2.8 eV

ROADMAP:

Planned 0-sensitivity in 2008/2009

(taking into account real background

measurements and radon suppression)

is on the level of best world results:

T0

2/1> 4. 1024 y

< m> < 0.2 – 1.2 eV

BASIC SUPERNEMO PARAMETERS:

Source: 100 kg of 82Se

Calorimeter: 7% FWHM @ 1MeV

elecrons and ~ 250 m2 of surface.

Efficiency: ~ 40%

Radiopurity of source: 214Bi < 10

mBq/kg, 208Tl < 2 mBq/kg

Design: 20 modules x 5 kg of source,

water shield, total size 60x15x15 m

Side view

Top view

Experiment for Direct Search of WIMP(weak interacting massive particles) Dark MatterCEA Saclay, CSNSM Orsay, IPN Lyon, IAP Paris, CRTBT Grenoble,

U n i v e r s i t ä t + F Z K a r l s r u h e , J I N R D u b n a

Astrophysical data clearly shows existence of an unidentified form of matter

Influence of uniformly distributed

dark matter is clearly visible

Influence of uniformly distributed

dark matter is clearly visible

Gravitation image

of cluster

of galaxies

BBN

SN data about

Universe expanding

CMB temperature fluctuations Non-Keplerian

rotation of Galaxies

75% DARK

ENERGY21% DARK

MATTER4%

NORMAL

MATTER

Dark Matter is the

greatest mystery in cosmology

The Edelweiss Experiment Hopes to

Identify Hidden Part of the Universe

Edelweiss looks for WIMPs by measuring

the charge and heat signals produced by

the recoil of a germanium nucleus when a

d a r k m a t t e r p a r t i c l e

scatters on it.

Heat measurements

@ 17 mK with Ge/NTD

Ionization measurements

@ few V/cm with Al electrodes

Q=Eionization/Erecoil

Q=1 for electronic recoil

Q0.3 nuclear recoil

Event by event identification of the recoil

Discrimination /n > 99.9% for Er> 15keV

One detectorAssembly

Cryostat with up to 36

kg of detectors

Cryostat

inside shields

Edelweiss at LSM

Edelweiss is located at the Laboratoire Souterrain

de Modane in the Fréjus tunnel under 1700 m rock

overburden (4800 we). Muon flux is 4 µ/m²/d (106

less than at see level). Shielding concept: 20 cm

of Pb (36 tons), 50 cm of PE (30 tons) and 5 cm

thick m veto (100 m2 of plastic scintillator panels)

Edelweiss II Expected Sensitivity

sw-n 10-8 pb / 0.002 evt/kg/day (Er>10keV)

2006: Phase 10 kg, Edelweiss II with 28

detectors (21 Ge/NTD and 7 Ge/NbSi).

Debugging, Background study, New electronics

and DAQ, etc.

______________________

2007 Start work on Phase 30 kg, Edelweiss

II with 120 detectors.

Potential discovery of WIMP

particles according to 50% of

SUSY models.


Nucleus and Particle Interactions at Intermediate Energies

The theme includes investigation of processes of strong, weak

and electromagnetic interaction of elementary particles and light nuclei

at intermediate energies with the aim of determining symmetries and

dynamics of the interactions. Development and construction of set-ups

for experiments at accelerators (JINR phasotron, PSI meson factory,

COSY proton synchrotron) for obtaining new information and testing the

present theoretical views in the topics are tasks of the theme.

Development of projects for new experiments and experimental

methods for intermediate-energy physics is also a considered task.



AEROGEL

A technology of aerogel of silicon dioxide is developed and samples of

size up to 160x160x30 mm3 are produced. A production of aerogel for

Cherenkov detectors for super-high energy cosmic rays is planned.

ANKE COSY

Investigations of:

pd → (pp)s + n (backward) in the energy range 0.5-2.0 GeV

pd → (pp)s + n with polarized protons ═> determination of the

boundary of validity of the traditional nucleon-meson description

of the process at short distances and search for evidence of

features appropriate for a non perturbative QCD description

pn elastic scattering with polarized protons and deuterons in the

processes:

pd → p (forward) + p + n (small angles)

dp → n + p + p (charge-exchange processes) (large angles) in the energy

region 0.8-2.8 GeV



DUBTO

Investigation of pion-multinucleon absorption in light nuclei using the

technique of self-shunted streamer chamber in magnetic field at

energies below the Delta resonance

MUON

- investigations of the behaviour of the shallow acceptor centres in

diamond structure semiconductors on the JINR phasotron and on the

PSI meson factory

- study of the change of the magnetic momentum of a Dirac particle

bound to a nucleus via a measurement of the magnetic momentum of

negative muon in the 1S-state both in light and heavy atoms

- systematic study of the ferrofluids (ultra stable colloidal suspensions

of ferro-and ferromagnetic particles in various carrier liquids)



MU-CATALYSIS

Investigation of nuclear fusion reactions in muonic molecules

(muon catalyzed fusion)

http://nuweb.jinr.ru/~kataliz/1_2_5.jpg

http://nuweb.jinr.ru/~kataliz/1_2_8.jpg



MU-CATALYSIS

Three directions:

i) study of the exotic muon catalyzed fusion (MCF) processes in

tritium and deuterium at low temperatures (10-30 K).

ii) search for the suppressed reaction of the radiative deuteron

capture in ddµ molecule

iii) investigation of the MCF processes in D/T and H/D/T mixtures

at super high temperatures (900-1600 K)

PLANs 2006-2009

t + t → 4He + n + n + 11.3 MeV

d + d → 4He + γ + 23.8 MeV

ddµ → 3He + n + µ (different ortho-para composition of d; temperature 6-40 K)

→ t + p +µ

d + t → 4He + n + 17.6 MeV (900-1600 K)


Improvement and development of the JINR phasotron for

fundamental and applied research

SAD – Sub-critical Assembly at Dubna

The aim: “Construction of the sub-critical assembly with combined neutron

spectra driven by proton accelerator at proton energy 660 MeV for

experiments on long lived fission products and minor actinides transmutation”

Nuclear fission reactors → radioactive waste (Russia ~ 6x106 m3 ~ 1020 Bq)







Basic parameters of the SAD facility project:

• Thermal power 15 ÷ 20 kW

• Protons energy 660 MeV

• Beam power 0.75 ÷ 1 kW

• Proton beam / target orientation Vertical

• Fuel elements orientation Vertical

• Criticality coefficient keff <0.95

• Fuel MOX, UO2 + PuO2

• Cladding tubes maximum temperature 400° C

• Spallation target Replaceable: Pb, Pb-Bi, W

• Reflector Pb

• Coolant Air




SAD

Hadron therapy center in Dubna

A multi-room Medico-Technical Complex of JINR for

radiotherapy with hadron beams

Radiation Therapy is very important method

for the treatment of malignant tumors and some

benign diseases. The main goal or ideology of

radiotherapy is delivery of high radiation dose to

the tumor volume with maximum sparing of normal

tissues and organs

Ideal radiotherapy is shown below

Depth dose distribution comparison of

various energy photons, proton beam

and «ideal» beam of ionizing radiation

Physical basis of proton therapy

1. Final and easy controlled range in tissue,

depending of beam energy and tissue density

2. Sparing of tissue behind of the target volume.

3. Sharp dose gradient at the lateral and distal

direction.

4. Increasing of dose deposition at the end of

range, so called Bragg peak.

5. All above mentioned allow to concentrate the

absorbed dose in tumor 2-3 times more than photon

sources.

Single beam dose distribution comparison of 6 MeV

photons (left) and proton beam (righ)

Milestones of activity in Dubna:

1967 – the beginning of the research on proton therapy;

1st patient treatment;

1968–1974 – first 84 patients treated with protons;

1975–1986 – upgrading of accelerator and construction

of a multi-room Medico-Technical Complex for hadron

therapy;

1987-1996 – treating of 40 patients with protons, mostly

with uterine cervix cancer;

1999, December – opening of a radiotherapy

department at the Dubna hospital;

2000-2004 – 300 patients with tumors located in the

brain, head&neck, breast and thorax region.

Worldwide Priorities in Particle

physics

the origin of mass; the properties of neutrinos and

astro(particle)physics; the properties of the strong interaction

including properties of nuclear matter; the origin of the matter-antimatter

asymmetry in the universe; the unification of particles and forces

including gravity;

The ATLAS detector

The ATLAS detector

Over the last decade JINR-

ATLAS team was deeply involved

in designing, construction, tests

and assembly of the major

systems of ATLAS:

Inner Detector

Tile Calorimeter

Liquid Argon End Cap Calorimeter

Muon detector

Common Items (Toroid Warm

Structure and others)

Some Early Physics

• Top quark Physics

– Top charge verification

• Heavy Ions Physics

– Jet quenching via Z-jet events

• Exotics Physics

– Graviton (Spin=2) via Drell-Yan and

Asymmetry Center-Edge

• Standard Model Physics

– Gamma/Z-jet events and Gluon DF

• Higgs Physics

– H→4μ

– H→bb, H→Zγ• SUSY Physics

– Stop, Gluinos

– Charged Higgs-boson and SUSY Dark Matter

– How “the first observed” SUSY-particle shows itself in the other SUSY-channels?

• Exotics Physics

– SUSY long-living R-hadrons, Staus, Stops, etc

– Graviton (Spin=2) via Asymmetry_CE and via resonances

– Monopoles

Some long-term plans

NUCLEON Space Experiment: 2005-2010

NUCLEON region 1011-1015eV

1011-1016 eV: Physical problems

• Information of CR sources (SN remnants, pulsars, AGN, …)

• Information of interstellar and intergalactic space

• Spesific problems of the “knee” region ~ 4 · 1015 eV

– Galactic modulation of primordial cosmic ray (PCR) (magnetic fields)

– Photonuclear fragmentation of heavy nuclei in source vicinity

– Acceleration in the SN remnants

– Extragalactic protons of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)

– Change of composition (p, He, CNO, Fe) PCR at the knee region

– Measurement of electron and photon fluxes at TeV energies

– Change on the nuclear interaction properties at the knee region

• Threshold of dark matter particle production WIMP, SUSY

• Threshold of heave strongly interaction particles SIMP

• Threshold of “centaur” production

• ….

Silicon pads forCharge measureents

Carbontarget

Electronics

Silicon microstrip detectors

PMTs

PMTs

Multistripscintilatordetectors

Heat conductors

NUCLEON design

NUCLEON set up

Registration

levels

4 – in the

charge detector

6 – in scintilator

detectors

6 – in microstrip

detectors

scintilators

W convertor

a layer of

Si microstrip detectors

charge measuring system

Carbon target

PAD Si detectors

COSMOS type satellite with

NUCLEON detector

NUCLEON inside of

pressurized container

NUCLEON

apparatus on the

“Liana” type

Russian satellite

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

See you soon

at the Dzelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems !

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DZELEPOV LABORATORY OF NUCLEAR PROBLEMS