Problem-Solving Course - Home Reading 2 - Group 4

8/2/2019 Problem-Solving Course - Home Reading 2 - Group 4

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SOURCES OF INFORMATIONOR DATA

SECONDARY DATA

GROUP 4 .09E9: T TH HOAO TH THY HNG

V NGC MAI

PHM TH QUNH NGA

Problem Solving - Sources of Data - Secondary Data

Problem-Solving Course Home Reading 2

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Outline


I. Definition and Importance of SecondaryData (2nd data)

II. Advantages and Disadvantages of 2nd

data

III. Evaluation of 2nd data quality

IV. Sources of 2nd data

V. Importance of referencing 2nd datasources.

VI. References

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I. Definition and importance of 2nd data


y Secondary data is data collected from a sourcethat has already been published in any form.

y Secondary data is generated by means of primarydata gathering techniques. One person or entity'sprimary data become another person or entity'ssecondary data.

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Problem Solving - Sources of Data - SecondaryData

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The importance of 2nd data


y 2nd data is gathered before primary data. The researchof 2nd data acts as prerequisite to primary research.

Because:

2nd data: useful to find out what is already knownabout a subject before you go in to your own

investigation. Some of your questions can possiblyhave been already answered by other investigators orauthors.

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2nd : is helpful in designing subsequent primary research, provide a baseline with which to compare yourprimary data collection results.

Sometimes, it is difficult to obtain primary data

getting information from 2nd sources is easier andpossible.

Sometimes, primary data does not exist in suchsituation confine the research on secondary data.

It is always wise to begin any research activity with aview of the 2nd data. (The review of literature in researchis based on 2nd data)

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Advantages Disadvantages

Collecting 2nd data can be carried out

rather quickly when compared toformal primary data collection.

Comparing with primary data, 2nd

data are imperfect reflections of reality.

2nd data informs and complementsprimary data collection, saving timeand resources often associated with

over-collecting primary data.

The person reviewing the secondarydata can easily become overwhelmedby the volume of 2nd data available, if

selectivity is not exercised.

2nd data helps to make primary datacollection more specific since withthe help of 2nd data, we are able tomake out what are the gaps and what

additional information needs to becollected.

It is often difficult to determine thequality of some of the data inquestion.

It helps to improve theunderstanding of the problem.

The goals and purposes of theoriginal researcher can potentiallybias the study.

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III. Evaluationofthe 2nd data


Questions toevaluate quality of

your 2nd data interms of accuracy,

reliability andrelevance.

What is the original purposes of thedata? What are the sources credentials/theauthors of the information? W

hat methods were used? Is the information current or out-of-date? Is the documents coverage of the topicarea broad or too narrow?

Is it a primary or 2nd

source? If it is asecondary source, does it accurately coverand report on the primary sources? Does the author provide references fordata and information reported?

. . . . . .

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IV. Sources of 2nd data


4.1 Published Printed SourcesThere are variety of published printed sources

whose credibility depends on many factors.

Books:- Available

- The use of book starts before even you haveselected the topic After selection of topics

books provide insight on how much work hasalready been done on the same topic and howcan prepare your literature review.

- Books are the most authentic secondary source.

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Journals / periodicals:

- They are become more important as far as datacollection is concerned.

- Provide up-to-date information

- Give information on the very specific topic.

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Magazines/Newspapers:- Magazines are also effective but not very reliable.

- Newspapers are more reliable. In some cases the informationcan only be obtained from newspapers as in the case of somepolitical studies.

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4.2 Published Electronic Sources:Internet is becoming more advance, fast and reachable

to the mass. Much information which is not available onprinted form is available on internet.

E-journals: more commonly available than printedjournals. Latest journals, however, are difficult to

retrieve without subscription.

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General Websites:generally websites do not

contain very reliableinformation check beforequoting from.

Weblogs: becomingcommon. They are actually

written by different people.These diaries are as reliableto use as personal writtendiaries.

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4.3 Unpublished Personal Records:Some unpublished data may also be useful in some

cases.

Diaries are personal records and are rarely availablebut they might be very useful if you conducting adescriptive research.

Letters: Letters like diaries are also rich source butshould be checked for their reliability before usingthem.

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4.4 Government Records:Are very important for marketing,

management, humanities andsocial science research.

Census Data/ populationstatistics

Health records Educational institutes records

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4.5 Public Sector Records. NGOs survey data (nongovernment organization)

Other private companies records.16


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V. Theimportanceofproperlyreferencingyour secondarydata review.

2nd data review and analysis is a form of research anddata compilation that is demanding and time-consuming; however, without proper citation (i.e.,author, date, title) of materials that you used, your

work will often be disregarded as it will only havelimited use by those who wish to follow in yourfootsteps.

A well-documented 2nd data review and analysisallows for easier use of the material by other interestedparties.

Properly citing the publication date of the sources youused will allow subsequent researchers to use your

work to make comparisons over time and between


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Conclusion

y 2nd data can be a valuable source of information forgaining knowledge and insight into a broad range ofissues and phenomena. Reviewing secondary data

can provide a effective way of addressing issues,understanding the problems.

y It complements, but does not replace, primary datacollection and should be the starting place for any

research


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IV. References


y http://gulnazahmad.hubpages.com/hub/-Primary-and-Secondary-Data

y http://www.fao.org/docrep/W3241E/w3241e03.htm

y http://pqdl.care.org/Practice/DME%20-%20Tips%20for%20Collecting,%20Reviewing%20and%20Analyzing%20Secondary%20Data.pdf

y http://www.slideshare.net/gulsweet/primary-data-

secondary-data-presentation

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Documents

Problem-Solving Course - Home Reading 2 - Group 4