Priority Areas for Conservation of Biodiversity in Brazilian
Amazon Slide 2 History First Map of Brazilian Government was made
in 1999 For all biomes simultaneously (different teams) Based
entirely in expert knowledge Slide 3 Method: thematic maps summed
Slide 4 Importance Presidential Decree signed in 2004 More
rigourous criteria for licencing Updates should be made in up to 10
years or when new data or methodology justifies reviewing Slide 5
Slide 6 Update November 2005 Workshop for Methodology December 2005
Approval of Methodology by CONABIO 2006 Updates for all biomes
(Amazonia, Pantanal, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlntica e Pampa) For
the Amazon biome the process started in August Slide 7 Planning
process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping and costing the planning process
Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders Stage 3.
Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4. Identifying
conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating data Stage 6.
Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing target achievement
in existing conservation areas Stage 8. Selecting additional
conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing conservation action Stage
10. Maintaining and monitoring established conservation areas Slide
8 Planning process in Brazil Stage 1. Scoping and costing the
planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders
Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4.
Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating
data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing
target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage 8.
Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing
conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring
established conservation areas Slide 9 Scoping and Goals
Boundaries: 2004 IBGE map of biomes Coordination by MMA
Conservation and Sustainable Use Strong stakeholder participation
Features and targets defined independently for each biome Slide 10
Planning process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping and costing the
planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders
Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4.
Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating
data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing
target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage 8.
Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing
conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring
established conservation areas Slide 11 Involving Stakeholders
& Gathering Information Lists of participants and logistics
were made by ARPA ARPA is the Protected Areas Program for Amazon
region It supports 57 Protected Areas in Amazon, by funding
infrastructure and monitoring programs It also helps to create and
implementing new areas Slide 12 Involving Stakeholders &
Gathering Information People from Academic institutions,
Government, NGOs and other civil organizations Invited to
participate and to bring relevant information Invited to choose in
which stages they would like to be involved Slide 13 BASEFONTE/PROP
FUNO NO PROCESSO Biomas BrasileirosIBGE Define a rea de trabalho
Terras IndgenasFUNAI UP Unidades de ConservaoMMA Espcies Primatas e
LagartosCI Distribuio de espcies Ecorregies (PROBIO)MMA Definio de
unidade ambiental Ecorregioes_WWF2006WWF Sistemas
EcologicosTNC/NATURESERVE Geomorfologia, geologia, vegetao e solos
(1:250.000)SIPAM Vegetao, geomorfologia, geologia, solos (1:
2.500.000)IBGE/CSR-IBAMA Base de vegetao consolidada em 34 classes
(1: 2.500.000)Bruce Nelson INPA Chuva anual 1x1 kmWORLDCLIM Durao e
intensidade da estao seca na Amaznia Legal (Walsh)Bruce Nelson INPA
Relevo 1x1 kmSRTM/WORLDCLIM Temperatura mnima anual 1x1 kmWORLDCLIM
Hidrografia (1:250.000)SIPAM Sistemas aquticos Hidrografia
(1:1.000.000)ANA Bacias e Sub baciasANA Hydrosheds_2006WWF Cenrios
AmeaasB. Soares UFMG Anlise de ameaa Densidade Demogrfica
(Localidades IBGE)TNC Densidade demogrfica (Imagem de luzes
noturnas)NOAA EstradasIBGE Hidreltricas atuais e planejadasANEEL
Remanescentes florestaisMMA-PROBIO Anlise de integridade reas
Prioritrias Consulta MacapMMA Demandas a serem avaliadas nos
Seminrios Regionais Demanda de extrativistas para a criao de reas
de uso sustentvelISA Proposta de criao de Ucs em vrzea ao longo do
Amazonas/SolimesPROVARZEA Biota ParMUSEU GOELDI-CI Espcies endmicas
do Par, a serem analisadas no Seminrio Regional Slide 14 Planning
process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping and costing the planning process
Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders Stage 3.
Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4. Identifying
conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating data Stage 6.
Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing target achievement
in existing conservation areas Stage 8. Selecting additional
conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing conservation action Stage
10. Maintaining and monitoring established conservation areas Slide
15 Planning process in Amazon The first meeting aimed features and
target definition 111 people- about 50% experts, 25% Government and
25% civil organizations (rubber tapper, indigenous, etc) Aiming to
produce an irreplaceability map during the meeting (Monday to
Friday). Slide 16 Producing the map 1.Defining features (working
groups) To define which features/processes/services should be
represented To select better information to represent them To
define the best way to combine information when needed General
approval about features definition 2.Defining targets (thematic
working groups) Discuss criteria for quantification Setting targets
3.Presentation of the map and final discussion Slide 17 Smaller
Scientific Meetings At INPA, Museu Goeldi and SBPC Destined to
improve target definition Allowed to change targets, but not
features included Slide 18 Slide 19 Features and Targets
Terrestrial habitats Aquatic habitats Species distribution
(primates) Sustainable use Processes: endemic centres Services:
climate change Slide 20 49 Vegetation types 1:250.000 Slide 21 15
Interfluvial Regions Ayres & Clutton Brock 1992; Haffer 1992
Slide 22 7 Geology classes (age) Slide 23 Vegetation x Interfluvial
regions x Geological Age = 511 habitat types ExtensionTarget Up to
50.000 ha100% 50-500.000 ha70% 500-5.000.000 ha60% > 5.000.000
ha40% Slide 24 Features and Targets Terrestrial habitats Aquatic
habitats Species distribution (primates) Sustainable use Processes:
endemic centres Services: climate change Slide 25 299 Level 3
basins Targets 30% for heads and cascades 20% for others Slide 26
Rivers- buffers of 10 km around main rivers x level 3 basins Target
= 60% Slide 27 Features and Targets Terrestrial habitats Aquatic
habitats Species distribution (Primates) Sustainable use Processes:
endemic centres Services: climate change Slide 28 Primates (95 spp)
Only Genus Mico represented Targets 100% 3 million ha 20% Sousa Jr
& CI Slide 29 Features and Targets Terrestrial habitats Aquatic
habitats Species distribution (primates) Sustainable use Processes:
endemic centres Services: climate change Slide 30 3 valuable
species (fiber, seed, wood) Target 20% Slide 31 Flooded forests
(mostly for fishing) Target 20% Slide 32 Dense forests in flat
areas (for forestry) Target 20% Slide 33 Features and Targets
Terrestrial habitats Aquatic habitats Species distribution
(primates) Sustainable use Processes: endemic centres Services:
climate change Slide 34 Endemism Centres- Butterflies Papilionini
Tyler, H. A., Brown Junior, K. S. and Wilson, K. H. (1994). Targets
Manaus-Guiana 10% Others 15% Slide 35 Endemism Centres- Birds
Targets Guiana, Inambari, Rondonia & Tapajs 10% Others 15%
Cracraft 1985 Slide 36 Features and Targets Terrestrial habitats
Aquatic habitats Species distribution (primates) Sustainable use
Processes: endemic centres Services: climate change Slide 37 Forest
cover in critical area Target 20% Slide 38 Obregon 2001 1 mm < P
< 5 mm SACZ Sea Breezes Instability lines Annual Precipitation
Slide 39 Salazar et. al 2007 Slide 40 Irreplaceability map Slide 41
Best Solution Slide 42 Planning process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping
and costing the planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving
stakeholders Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation
areas Stage 4. Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering
and evaluating data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7.
Reviewing target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage
8. Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing
conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring
established conservation areas Slide 43 Selection and Context
Entirely made by people (without using software) 2 Regional
Meetings (~120 participants each) Participants were Government
(~50%), social and environmental organizations (~35%), academic
(~15%) 1 Indigenous meeting (~70 participants) Indigenous
representatives (~40%), indigenous organizations (~15%), academic
(~20%), and Government (~20%) Slide 44 Selection and Context It was
oriented to use irreplaceability map and proposed solution as
guidance, and to define IMPORTANCE of selected areas. A map with
deforestation model (Soares et al 2006) was suggested as a guidance
for threat level, and to help to define URGENCY of implementation
of actions Boundaries of selected areas were defined with help of
other databases such as basins, cities, towns, and existing
protected areas Actions needed were defined based on
characteristics of the area, opportunities, and threats. All this
information was stored in a databank Slide 45 Slide 46 Slide 47
Slide 48 Slide 49 Existing Protected Areas Slide 50 Existing +
Proposed Protected Areas Slide 51 Irreplaceability for existing and
proposed Protected Areas Slide 52 About the Amazonian planning
process Strengths Improvement in targets Participation of many
stakeholders Strong involvement of Government Agencies: easyness of
approval and better chances of implementation Spreading of
knowledge on systematic planning process Understanding of planning
as a dynamic process- shortening reviewing time to 5 years
Weaknesses Missed important features and included some mistaken
ones (e.g. climate change). Poor target definition in some cases.
Costs were subjectively included. Weak expert participation in
selection phase Decisions based on political forces Low efficiency
of selected areas: costly implementation with not much improvement
in representativeness Is it possible to improve planning before
most of the funds for implementation are spent? Slide 53 GTZ/ARPA
and CNPq are supporting my participation
