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PrinciplesofOrganiza1on
ClaudiaJacquesdeMoraesCardoso2DDesign–Art112
StructureofArtin2DDesign§ Components of Art - Analyzed by the Degree of Representation
§ Subject Matter§ Content§ Context§ Form
§ Elements of Design§ Line§ Shape & Space§ Value§ Texture§ Color§ (Type)
§ Principles of Organization§ Balance§ Emphasis & Focal Point§ Rhythm§ Scale & Proportion§ Unity
PrinciplesofOrganiza1on
Ocvirk,S1nson,Wigg,Bone&Cayton
▪ BALANCE▪ MOVEMENT▪ VARIETY▪ HARMONY▪ DOMINANCE▪ PROPORTION▪ ECONOMY
MaryStewart▪ BALANCE▪ RHYTHM▪ UNITY&VARIETY▪ EMPHASIS▪ SCALE&PROPORTION
Lauer&Pentak▪ BALANCE▪ RHYTHM▪ UNITY▪ SCALE&PROPORTION▪ EMPHASIS&FOCALPOINT
DifferentArtTheoristsusedifferentnomenclaturetodescribethePrinciplesofOrganizaCon
PrinciplesofOrganiza1on
OCVIRK,STINSON,WIGG,BONE&CAYTON
▪ BALANCE▪ MOVEMENT▪ VARIETY▪ HARMONY▪ DOMINANCE▪ PROPORTION▪ ECONOMY
MARYSTEWART▪ BALANCE▪ RHYTHM▪ UNITY&VARIETY▪ EMPHASIS▪ SCALE&PROPORTION
LAUER&PENTAK▪ BALANCE▪ RHYTHM▪ UNITY▪ EMPHASIS&FOCALPOINT
▪ SCALE&PROPORTION
Despitethenomenclaturedifferences,intheendtheydescribethesamekindofrules.InthiscoursewewillbefollowingDesignBasics,Lauer&Pentak
PrinciplesofOrganiza1on
▪ UNITY▪ EMPHASIS&FOCALPOINT▪ SCALE&PROPORTION▪ BALANCE▪ RHYTHM
UnityPrinciplesofOrganiza1on
• Harmony• VisualUnity• Gestalt• Proximity• RepeCCon• ConCnuaCon
• Grid• VariedRepeCCon• EmphasisonUnity• EmphasisonVariety• Chaos&Control• FiguraCon&NonobjecCve
DesignBasicsApproachtoUnity
Unity
hYp://vi.sualize.us/gestalt_ley_de_portrait_cerramiento_elementos_dinamicos_picture_smHN.html
Unity=Harmony
VisuallyrelatesvariouspartsofthecomposiConbygivingthemallsomecommonelements:color,texture,value,etc.
ExcessHarmonycancreatethefeelingofboredomandmonotonythatiswhyweneedVariety.
Intherightamount,HarmonyisanecessaryingredientofUnity.
PrinciplesofOrganiza1on
Unitycreatesanintegratedimageinwhichalltheelementsareworkingtogethertosupportthedesignasawhole.Aunifieddesignisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts;thedesignisseenasawholefirst,beforetheindividualelementsareno1ced.Unitycanbecomparedtoharmony,integrityorwholeness.
PrinciplesofOrganiza1on
hYp://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/unity.html
CRAPinUnity
• ConCnuaCon• RepeCCon• Alignment
• Proximity
Unity
CRAP• Contrast• RepeCCon• Alignment• Proximity
ConCnuaConmeansthatsomething(aline,anedge,acurve,adirecCon)conCnuesfromoneelementtoanother.
Theviewer’seyewillfollowtheconCnuinglineoredgesmoothlyfromoneelementtootherandthemindwillgrouptheelementsbecauseofthisconnecCon.ImpliedlinesareoneexampleofconCnuaCon.
CRAP-U
hYp://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/unity.html
RepeCConisbasedongroupingbysimilarity;elementsthataresimilarvisuallyareperceivedtoberelated.
Anyelementcanberepeated-line,shape,color,valueortexture-aswellotherthingssuchasdirecCon,angleorsize.
RepeCConhelpsunifyadesignbycreaCngsimilarelementsandisoneofthemosteffecCvewaystounifyadesign.
CRAP-U
hYp://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/unity.html
Alignmentconsistsofarrangingelementssothattheiredgesarelinedup.
Thecommonalignmentallowstheeyetogroupthoseelementstogether.
Agridisocenusedtocreateunitythroughalignment,notjustinasingledesignbutalsobetweenrelateddesigns(thepagesofamagazineorbook,forexample).
CRAP-U
hYp://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/unity.html
Proximity,isbasedongroupingbycloseness;thecloserelementsaretoeachother,themorelikelywewillseethemasagroup.
Proximityisoneoftheeasiestwaystoachieveunity.
CRAP-U
hYp://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/unity.html
NothingiscompeCngforaYenConinthecomposiCon.
Themessageiseasilyunderstandable.
Theartworklookscompleteandorganized.
WhenUnityisAchieved...
GildeMontes@hYps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xt3IGCCXJcI
UnityisbasedontheGestalttheoryofvisualpercep1on,whichstatesthattheeyeoftheviewerseeksagestaltorunifiedwhole.Thismeansthattheviewerisactuallylookingforaconnec1onbetweentheelements,forsomesortoforganiza1on,forunityinthedesign.
PrinciplesofOrganiza1on
hYp://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/unity.html
• Psychologytermwhichmeans”shape”or“form”.
• Theoryofvisualpercep1ondevelopedbyGermanpsychologistsMaxWertheimer,KurtKomaandWolfgangKohlerinthe1920s.
• Describehowpeopletendtoorganizevisualelementsintogroupsorunifiedwholesundercertainprinciplesorlaws:
Unity&Gestalt
Agestaltiscreatedbecausethemindsimplifiesandorganizesinforma1on.Itdoesthisbygroupingelementstogethertocreatenewwholes.Understandinghowthemindgroupselementshelpsusunderstandhowunitycanbeachieved.
Unity&Gestalt
hYp://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/unity.html
Closure–VisualGroupingexplainswhyincompletefiguresareperceivedascompleteorwhole.CommonFatedescribeshowobjectsmovingtogetherareperceivedasbelongingtogether.
GestaltLaws
ConCnuitystatesthatobjectsalignedalongalineorcurveareperceivedasbelongingtogether,andwewillperceivethesimplest,smoothpath,ratherthanacomplexpath.Figure/GroundreferstotherelaConshipbetweenposiCveelementsandnegaCvespace.Theideaisthattheeyewillseparatewholefiguresfromtheirbackgroundinordertounderstandwhat’sbeingseen.It’soneofthefirstthingspeoplewilldowhenlookingatanycomposiCon.
GestaltLaws
PragnanzdescribeshowweorganizeourpercepConsintothesimplestpossibleexperience.AlsosomeCmescalledtheLawofGoodFigure,ortheLawofSimplicity.ProximitystatesthatobjectsnearoneanotherinspaceorCmeareperceivedasbeingagroup,andbelongingtogether.
GestaltLaws
SimilaritystatesthatobjectswithsimilarcharacterisCcs,suchasform,color,size,andbrightness,areperceivedasbelongingtogether.Symmetryexplainsourtendencytoperceivesymmetricobjectsasfiguresonabackground.
GestaltLaws
hYp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlzuJqZ797U&list=PLS0vVQ7B3Oz5OANszM1CDXnMJzxBkn0Vx
Lynda.com,InteracConDesignFundamentalswithDavidHogue
MoreonGestalt
Overview:Unity
• Harmony• VisualUnity• “CRAP-U”• ConCnuaCon• RepeCCon• Alignment• Proximity• Gestalt
StructureofArtin2DDesign§ Components of Art - Analyzed by the Degree of Representation
§ Subject Matter§ Content§ Context§ Form
§ Elements of Design§ Line§ Shape & Space§ Value§ Texture§ Color§ (Type)
§ Principles of Organization§ Balance§ Emphasis & Focal Point§ Rhythm§ Scale & Proportion§ Unity
