A waterfrac proppant solution for optimized well production

Waterfrac Proppant Technology

Prime Plus™

PARTIALLY CURED RESIN COATED SAND

Broken Substrate

Resin Coating

The Oilfield Technology Group (OTG) of Hexion™ is committed to developing technologies that enhance hydraulic fracturing treatments and provide improved well production.Waterfrac treatments are one of the primary techniques for hydraulic fracturing in low permeability reservoirs. The success of these treatments requires the proppant to be transported deep into the created fracture and maintain its fracture flow capacity over the lifetime of the well.Prime Plus™ is an advanced, field proven, partially cured resin coated proppant available in a 40/70 mesh size. Designed for use in the waterfrac basins of North America, Prime Plus resin is applied to the highest quality sands providing the best properties of any waterfrac proppant in the industry. Prime Plus is recommended for closure stresses between 6,000 psi to 10,000 psi. Incorporating Hexion’s Stress Bond™ (SB) technology, the proppant bonds in the fracture with closure stress, providing increased fracture flow capacity and proppant flowback control.

For more information, contact your Hexion representative or e-mail us at: info@OilTG.com.

The Superior Performance of Prime Plus

Design engineers must consider numerous criteria when selecting waterfrac proppants. The most critical of these is long-term fracture flow capacity which is directly influenced by the amount of fines present in the proppant pack.

Recommended ApplicationsWaterfrac treatments with:n Closure stresses between

6,000 psi to 10,000 psin Bottom hole static

temperatures up to 450°F

Benefits of Choosing Prime Plus: n Superior “Real-World” Fracture Flow Capacity Compared to Uncoated Sands,

Tempered Resin Coated Sands, and Uncoated Ceramicsn Eliminates Proppant Flowback – The Only Partially Cured Waterfrac Proppant Availablen Significantly Less Fines Generation Compared to Other Waterfrac Proppantsn Partially Cured Stress Bond (SB) Technology Prevents Wellbore Consolidationn Plants and Transloads Strategically Located Near Key Waterfrac Areas

Proppant Crushing and Fines GenerationThe most predominant problem that occurs due to improper proppant selection is proppant crushing. Proppant crushing occurs when the fracture closure stress exceeds the strength of the proppant that is placed in the fracture. This leads to fines generation,

resulting in lower fracture flow capacity and diminished well production rates. To more accurately simulate downhole conditions, Hexion developed two test procedures: the Cyclic Stress Test and the Wet, Hot Crush Test. As described in the section below, these tests demonstrate how different waterfrac proppants perform under “real-world” conditions.Prime Plus reduces proppant crushing and fines migration in several distinct ways. The resin coating provides additional strength to individual grains, generates uniform stress distribution throughout the pack, and mitigates fines migration by encapsulating loose fines within the resin coating.

Proppant FlowbackProppant flowback poses serious challenges to the oil and gas industry. The challenges occur because the flowback of proppant damages surface facilities and downhole tubulars. Besides lost production from shutting in wells for repairs, the flow capacity of the fracture is reduced—leading to diminished well production.Unlike other waterfrac proppants, Prime Plus is a partially cured proppant that offers flowback control through Hexion’s Stress Bond (SB) technology. Prime Plus is ideal where higher fracture flow capacity and flowback control is desired.

Cyclic Stress TestPrime Plus vs. Economy Lightweight Ceramic

Prime Plus offers greater crush resistance than ELWC under three cycles of cyclic stress between 3,000 psi and 8,000 psi.

Prime Plus Economy Lightweight Ceramic

8,000 psi 0.5% Fines

10,000 psi 0.8% Fines

8,000 psi 23.9% Fines

10,000 psi 29.7% Fines

8,000 psi 3.7% Fines

10,000 psi 5.6% Fines

8,000 psi 8.2% Fines

10,000 psi 12.5% Fines

Wet, Hot Crush TestComparison of Prime Plus, Northern White Frac Sand, Tempered Resin Coated Sand, and Economy Lightweight Ceramic

Prime Plus offers greater crush resistance than other waterfrac proppants at closure stresses between 8,000 psi and 10,000 psi.

Northern White Frac Sand

Prime Plus Tempered Resin Coated Sand

Economy Lightweight Ceramic

0.8% Fines 9.1% Fines

Prime Plus is the Only Partially Cured 40/70 Mesh Proppant in the Waterfrac Market to Help You Get The Results You Expect.SM

A History of SuccessSince August of 2006, hundreds of jobs utilizing Prime Plus 40/70 have been pumped in the major waterfrac areas throughout North America. Hexion transloads are strategically located in all of these waterfrac areas to help minimize freight costs.

Case History: Higher NPV from Reduction in FinesAn East Texas operator fracture treated two similar offsetting Lower Cotton Valley wells; one with Prime Plus 40/70 and one with a tempered resin coated 40/70 proppant. Initial production on the Prime Plus well was 143% higher and 90-day production was over 300% higher. Prime Plus maintains higher fracture flow capacity and gives increased production throughout the life of your well.

Case History: Flowback ControlAn East Texas operator, active in the Cotton Valley/Taylor formation, has been a strong supporter of Prime Plus since its introduction into the marketplace in early 2006. Due to past problems with proppant flowback and crushing, they chose the best combination of proppants available to address these issues—Prime Plus 40/70 followed by a tail-in of XRT Ceramax E™ 20/40. These proppants provide them with the highest fracture flow capacity, while eliminating proppant flowback concerns. Since they switched to Prime Plus and XRT Ceramax E, they have eliminated their flowback issues; reducing costly wellbore clean-outs, increasing onsite safety, and resulting in increased well production.

Effect of Fines Generation on Fracture Flow Capacity Prime Plus 40/70 vs. 40/70 Northern White Frac Sand

Closure Stress (psi)Baseline long-term conductivity at 250˚F (121˚C) between Ohio sandstone core (0.1 millidarcy, 129 cm2) with 2% KCI. Reduced effective conductivity based on Coulter & Wells findings of effects of fines.

5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Effe

ctiv

e C

ondu

ctiv

ity (m

D-f

t)

n Prime Plusn Northern White

Frac Sand(10–30% fines generated resulting in 70% reduced fracture flow capacity)

Fines Generation Comparison Wet, Hot Crush Test of 40/70 Mesh Waterfrac Proppants

Modified API RP-56 crush resistance test procedure ran to more realistically represent downhole conditions. Prior to testing, samples are exposed to 2% KCl fluid at 200°F (93°C) for 24 hours under 1,000 psi closure stress.

Closure Stress (psi)6,000 8,000 10,000

n Northern White Frac Sand

n Economy Lightweight Ceramic

n Tempered Resin Coated Sand

n Prime Plus

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

% F

ines

Gen

erat

ed

29.7

12.5

23.9

8.29.5

2.4 5.63.7

2.00.0 0.5 0.8

Proppant Flowback Control Comparison Unconfined Compressive Strength Measurement

Tested after 24 hours at 1,000 psi and 200˚F. Unconfined compressive strength is a measurement of the ability to control proppant flowback and fines migration.

Proppant (All 40/70 Mesh)

n Prime Plusn Tempered Resin

Coated Sandn Northern White

Frac Sandn Economy

Lightweight Ceramic

50100150200250300350400450500

Unc

onfin

ed C

ompr

essi

ve S

treng

th (p

si)

455

Unconsolidated

Rio Grande City

Brady Longview

Houston Customer Service Center

Oklahoma CityTuttle

Peers

Seagraves

OregonRock Springs

Shoshoni

Transload

Production Plant

Sales Office

Sturgeon County

Grande Prairie

Red Deer

Calgary

Oilfield Technology Group15115 Park Row, Suite 160 Houston, TX 77084 USA+1 281 646 2800hexion.com/oilfield

World Headquarters:

Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc. 180 East Broad Street Columbus, OH 43215-3799

For worldwide locations visit hexion.comFracturing photos courtesy of Halliburton and BJ Services Company.® and ™ Licensed trademarks of Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc. © 2008 Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc. HCI-179 1/08 Printed in U.S.A.

The information provided herein was believed by Hexion Specialty Chemicals (“Hexion”) to be accurate at the time of preparation or prepared from sources believed to be reliable, but it is the responsibility of the user to investigate and understand other pertinent sources of information, to comply with all laws and procedures applicable to the safe handling and use of the product and to determine the suitability of the product for its intended use. All products supplied by Hexion are subject to Hexion’s terms and conditions of sale. HEXION MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, CONCERNING THE PRODUCT OR THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS THEREOF FOR ANY PURPOSE OR CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED BY HEXION, except that the product shall conform to Hexion’s specifications. Nothing contained herein constitutes an offer for the sale of any product.

The Global Leader in Thermoset Resins As the world’s largest producer of thermoset resins and the leader in adhesive and structural resins and coatings, Hexion Specialty Chemicals meets customers’ specific application needs with a total solutions approach of products and services. Hexion offers the broadest range of thermoset resin technologies and unmatched technical support—and provides them around the globe. With our extensive research and development capabilities and applications know-how, we are uniquely able to work in partnership with customers to co-develop better products and systems. Plus, Hexion’s worldwide production network facilitates assured supply and prompt delivery wherever our customers do business.

The Oilfield Technology Group of Hexion is addressing the stimulation industry’s needs in three critical areas:n Additional resin-coated proppant

supplyn Innovative fracturing technologiesn Product qualityOur OTG team is comprised of veteran fracturing professionals and industry leading research scientists along with a network of world-class supply chain, manufacturing, and customer service personnel.

The Oilfield Technology Group:n Fracturing Proppantsn Fracturing Diagnosticsn Sand Management

Get the Results You ExpectSM