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Previous Name: D3 Fourth Estate A secure, decentralized news data storing and sharing solution for journalists Aaron Chong| Remini Yip InternationalStudent BlockchainCompetition’s Presentation 1

Previous Name: D3 Fourth Estate - HKBCS€¦ · Shamir Secret Sharing • The sender encrypts a message with the receiver’s public key • The receiver decrypts the message with

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Page 1: Previous Name: D3 Fourth Estate - HKBCS€¦ · Shamir Secret Sharing • The sender encrypts a message with the receiver’s public key • The receiver decrypts the message with

PreviousName:D3

FourthEstateAsecure,decentralizednewsdatastoringandsharingsolutionforjournalists

AaronChong|ReminiYip

InternationalStudentBlockchainCompetition’sPresentation 1

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Newssiteswithtraditionaldatabase/cloud:Vulnerabletosinglepointoffailurerisk

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp.2

Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

CentralserverorDBdown,contentsbecomeunavailable

ProblemContentavailabilityisnotguaranteed

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Problem(Cont.)Contentavailabilityisnotguaranteed

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp.3

Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

Contentmodificationsordeletionsbymalicioususersorsiteowners

Newssiteswithtraditionaldatabase/cloud:Vulnerabletosinglepointoffailurerisk

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OurOffers

4

• SizedoesNOTmatter

• Samecostsforuploadinga5KBdocumentanda5MBvideo

ChargePerFile• Possibletogetcontentsevenwhen

theoriginaluploaderisdown.

• Immutablecontents.Censorship-free

DecentralizedStorage• Support3usecases

• Fullaccesscontrol.Onlytheintendedrecipientcanreadthecontent,e.g.

yoursubscriber

SecureSharing

1 2 3

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

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UseCases

5

PublicSharing+UnencryptedContent• Anyonecanreadthecontent

• Example:Newsarticles/Relateddata(pictures,videos,tapes,etc.)accessiblebythepublic

PrivateSharing+UnencryptedContent• Onlythespecifiedrecipientscanreadthecontent

• Example:Analyses/Relateddataaccessiblebythesubscribers

PrivateSharing+EncryptedContent• Forasinglerecipientorasmallgroupofrecipients

• Example:Drafts/Informationexchangebetweenjournalists

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

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KeyTerms

6

• Distributedcomputingplatform• Storedatareferences&controldataaccess• SmartContract:aprogramonEthereum.

• EthereumNode:acomputerconnectedtotheEthereumnetwork.

Ethereum

• Distributedfilesystem• Storedata(infileformat)• IPFSNode:acomputerconnectedtotheIPFSnetwork.

InterPlanetaryFileSystem

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

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KeyTerms(Cont.)

7

• Splitamessageintonpieces• Requireatleasttpiecestoreconstructthemessage,wheret≤ n

ShamirSecretSharing

• Thesenderencryptsamessagewiththereceiver’spublickey• Thereceiverdecryptsthemessagewithhisprivatekey

PublicKeyCryptography

• Thesendercalculatesthe*hashofamessage,thenencryptsthehashwithhisprivatekey• Thesendersendstheencryptedhashandthemessagetothereceiver• Thereceiverdecryptsthehashwiththesender’spublickey.Healsocalculatesthehashofthemessage

• Thehashfromthedecryptionshould=thehashfromthecalculation

DigitalSignature

*hash=anumericvaluethatuniquelyidentifiesthemessage

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

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Roles&Responsibilities

8

Owner Recipient Supervisor

Responsibilities• Retrievecontents

Responsibilities• Storecontents(-$)• Controlcontentaccess(-$)

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp.

Example:Altruisticnetizen/Mediacompany/PressAssoc.

Example:Public/Subscriber/Journalist

Example:Journalist

Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

Responsibilities• Provideverificationservicesonrequest• Providedecryptionservicesonrequest

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9

Owner

3.QuerythecontractonEthereumforthepublickeysofthesupervisors

4.Smartcontractreturnsnpublickeys

IPFSNode

SmartContract

EthereumNode

1.AddthefileonIPFS

2.IPFSreturnsahash(filelocation)

5.Splitthehash(filelocation)intonpieces&encrypteachwithapublickey

QmWm…r581Vz

Mechanism–Storage

[PrivateSharing]

6.StoretheencryptedpiecesonEthereum

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

QmWm…r581Vz

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10

Mechanism–Retrieval

[PrivateSharing]

1.Submitsarequesttoallsupervisorsforafile,withtherecipient'sdigitalsignature

2.Verifiestheidentityoftherecipient

3.Querythesmartcontractfortheencryptedpieces

IPFSNode

SmartContract

EthereumNode

API

4.Trytodecryptthepieceswithhisprivatekey.

5.Ifsucceed,returnsthedecryptedpiece

…

…

…

…

Recipient

Supervisor

API

API

API

API

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

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DemonstrationScreenshots

11

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12

Loginas“0x817Dd…”AccountBal:$21.729ETH

1

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13

Uploadafileonthe“Upload”[email protected]

2

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14

Awindowpopsupfortransactionconfirmation(transactionreferstofileuploadhere)

3

• GasLimit:Max.amountofenergyyouarewillingtospendonthistransaction• GasPrice:Amountofmoneyyouarewillingtopayforaunitofgas• MaxTransactionFee:GasLimit× GasPrice

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15

Increasethegaspriceforfasterprocessing

4

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16

Transactionissubmitted.Require20~50sforprocessing(Transactionreferstofileuploadhere)

5

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17

Spent257,721gasforthistransaction(transactionreferstofileuploadhere)

6

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18

Theuploadedfileisshownonthe“Manage”page

7

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19

AccountBal:21.727Wepaid0.002ETH=$1.58USD

8

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20

[email protected]

9

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21

CopytheIDforfileretrievallater

10

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22

Logout“0x817Dd…”[email protected]

11

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23

PastethefileIDonthe“Download”page

12

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24

Retrievedthefilesuccessfully

13

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25

Logout“[email protected]”[email protected]”

14

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26

Failedtoretrievethefile,because“[email protected]”isnottherecipient

14

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CostEvaluation

27

Action GasConsumption(May21,2018)

TransactionCost inUSD(May21,2018)

Addafilewith0recipient 257,785 $1.82515

Removeafilewith0 recipient 44,900 $0.31789

Addarecipient 76,749 $0.54399

Removearecipient 69,692 $0.49341

Set visibility,e.g.publicà private 34,995 $0.2478

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

BasedonETHGasStationwiththefollowingsettings,• ShamirSecretSharingsplitsthehash(filelocation)into5pieces,thatisn=5• Gaspriceis10gwei

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Conclusion

28

FourthEstate Publishing Sites/Blogs,e.g.Sina,Medium,etc. Personal Sites

Zerodowntime,e.g.defendDDoSAttack ✓ ✗ ✗

Preservecontentintegrity,e.g.NOTmodifiedbyhackers ✓ ✗ ✗

CensorshipFree,e.g.NOTremovedbysiteowners ✓ ✗ ✓

SupportAccessControl,e.g. privatesharing ✓ ✓ Dependson howyoubuiltit

Problem OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Conclusion

TherearealsotechnicaladvantagesofferedbytheunderlyingIPFS architecture,e.g.de-duplication,cachingetc.

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Thankyou!

AaronChong|ReminiYip

InternationalStudentBlockchainCompetition’sPresentation 14

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Appendix1– BusinessModel

30Problems OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Mechanism CostEval.Demo. Comparison

TransactionCost

NonProfitBusinessModel(Current)• Wedon’tearnanyrevenues

• Fileupload/changeofaccessincurstransactioncost• Transactioncost’spayer:Owner

• Transactioncost’spayee:Ethereumminer

ProfitBusinessModel• Wechargeadministrationcostpertransaction

• Admin.cost’spayer:Owner• Admin.cost’spayee:FourthEstate

Admin.Cost

TransactionCost

Owner Miner Owner Miner

FourthEstate

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Appendix2– MoreKeyTerms

31

• Chrome’splugin• Providewalletmanagement,e.g.checkyouruploadcost• ConnectyoutotheEthereumnetwork

(soyoudon’tneedtorunanEthereumnodeonyourPC)

MetaMask

Infura• GatewaytotheEthereumnetwork• RunEthereumnodesforpublicuse• MetaMaskroutesyourtransactiontothesepublicEthereumnodes

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Appendix3– Infrastructure

32

EthereumNode

EthereumNode

EthereumNode

EthereumNetwork

IPFSNode

IPFSNode

IPFSNode

IPFSNetwork

Express

web3.js

Node.js

IPFSNode

WebInterface

HTTPClientwithMetaMask

EthereumNode

Infura

Case1:HTTPClientwithMetaMask• Clientdoesn’trunanEthereumnodeonhisPC• MetaMaskrouteshistransaction(e.g.addingafile)toInfura

• ClientcanconfirmthecostviaMetaMask

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Appendix3– Infrastructure(Cont.)

33

EthereumNode

EthereumNode

EthereumNode

EthereumNetwork

IPFSNode

IPFSNode

IPFSNode

IPFSNetwork

Express

web3.js

Node.js

IPFSNode

HTTPClient

EthereumNodeCase2:HTTPClientwithEthereumnode

• ClientrunsanEthereumnodeonhisPC• Clientcanconfirmthecostviaconsole,etherscan,etc.

WebInterface

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Appendix3– Infrastructure(Cont.)

34

EthereumNode

EthereumNode

EthereumNode

EthereumNetwork

IPFSNode

IPFSNode

IPFSNode

IPFSNetwork

Express

web3.js

Node.js

IPFSNode

Case3:HTTPClient• FORDEMONSTRATIONPURPOSEONLY• Wehardcodedourwalletkeyintheprototype.Youcanupload

filesandcontrolaccessforfree.Wepayforyou;)

HTTPClient

EthereumNode

Infura

WebInterface

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35

QmWm…r581Vz

Appendix4–StorageDetails

SmartContractQmWm…r581Vz

4.Smartcontractreturnsnpublickeys

1.AddthefileonIPFS

5.Splitthehash(filelocation)intonpieces&encrypteachwithapublickey

IPFSNode

EthereumNode

Problems OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Storage Demo.Retrieval CostEval.

Owner

3.QuerythecontractonEthereumforthepublickeysofthesupervisors

2.IPFSreturnsahash(filelocation)

6.StoretheencryptedpiecesonEthereum

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36

Appendix4–StorageDetails

(Cont.)

EncryptedFile

Un-encrypted

File

(OR)

IPFSNode

1.AddtheORIGINAL fileonIPFS

2.IPFSreturnsahash(originalfilelocation)

QmPg…s219By

3.Createametafile

4.AddtheMETA fileonIPFS

4.IPFSreturnsahash(metafilelocation)

Filename:MayReportFiletype:pdfSize:1MbOriginalfilehash:

QmPg…s219By

QmWm…r581Vz

Problems OurOffers UseCases KeyTerms Roles&Resp. Storage Demo.Retrieval CostEval.


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