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ORTODONTIK PREVENTIF & INTERSEPTIF DR. DRG.YOHANA YUSRA.,MKES Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

Preventif Dan Interseptive

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Preventif Dan Interseptive

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  • ORTODONTIK PREVENTIF & INTERSEPTIF

    DR. DRG.YOHANA YUSRA.,MKES

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN ORTODONTI

    1. ORTODONTI PREVENTIF 2. ORTODONTI INTERSEPTIF 3. ORTODONTI KOREKTIF

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • ORTODONTIK PREVENTIF & INTERSEPTIF

    PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI (EARLY ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT)

    Perawatan Dini Ortodonti adalah intervensi atau perawatan ortodonti yang dilakukan pada periode gigi

    sulung dan gigi campur dengan tujuan untuk mempersiapkan suatu lingkungan yang dapat

    meningkatkan perkembangan oklusal

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    DASAR PEMIKIRAN (5): !1. Hampir semua variasi oklusal yang terjadi selama periode awal

    perkembangan oklusal lebih banyak karena acquired daripada karena keturunan

    !2. Hampir semua terjadinya perkembangan ketidakteraturan dapat

    dicegah, dan apabila diabaikan akan menyebabkan kerusakan yang lebih parah

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    DASAR PEMIKIRAN (Cont): !3. Pertumbuhan yang cukup besar pada bagian tengah wajah dan mandibula terjadi selama periode transisi gigi > keuntungan perawatan dini ortodonti dan modifikasi pertumbuhan !4. Pasien lebih mudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang baru dan fungsi yang normal pada periode awal dan hasilnya yang lebih stabil !5. Skeletal orofasial anak lebih plastis sehingga panduan oklusal lebih mudah diperoleh

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    TUJUAN (8): !1. Menghilangkan faktor etiologi utama 2. Koreksi terhadap masalah yang ada 3. Intersepsi (menghalangi) pada masalah yang berkembang 4. Mencegah terjadinya keparahan

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    TUJUAN (Cont): !5. Memberikan panduan pertumbuhan ke arah yang lebih baik dengan menghilangkan occlusal interference 6. Manajemen arch size - tooth size discrepancy 7. Mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya trauma dan fraktur insisivus 8. Koreksi terhadap gangguan skeletal pada stadium awal perkembangan

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    Keuntungan (8): 1. Manajemen ruang 2. Manajemen crowding insisivus 3. Manajemen bad oral habits 4. Manajemen ortodonti untuk kasus kehilangan gigi 5. Manajemen ortodonti untuk kasus supernumerary teeth 6. Diagnosis dan manajemen frenum abnormal 7. Deteksi dini dan perawatan problem erupsi 8. Manajemen dentoskeletal sagital, transversal dan vertikal

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    Manajemen Ruang : !ada 5 pilihan: 1. 1. Space maintenance 1.2. Space regaining 1.3. Space creation 1.4. Space closure 1.5. Space supervision

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTISpace maintenance : - Indikasi: !1. Bila ruang yang tersedia cukup untuk gigi pengganti, dan masih terdapat waktu kira-kira lebih dari 6 bulan sebelum gigi tetapnya erupsi. !2. Bila gigi permanen missing tetapi pasien memiliki oklusi yang baik maka ruang harus dipertahankan untuk mencegah gangguan oklusal dan menyediakan tempat untuk protesa !3. Bila telah terjadi pengurangan sedikit ruang dan tidak cukup untuk gigi tetap pengganti tetapi evaluasi lengkung rahang secara kesuluruhan masih menunjukkan lengkung rahang yang cukup > space maintenance saja cukup

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    Space maintenance : - Kontra Indikasi:

    !1. Apabila ruang yang tersedia tidak cukup untuk gigi pengganti. !2. Apabila ruang yang tersedia cukup tetapi analisis ruang secara

    keseluruhan kurang dan rencana perawatan secara keseluruhan memerlukan pencabutan.

    !3. Apabila tidak terdapat gigi pengganti tetapi analisis ruang secara keseluruhan mengindikasikan adanya penutupan ruang. !4. Apabila terdapat spasing yang menyeluruh pada gigi-gigi

    sulung !5. Apabila kehilangan ruang tidak diprediksi

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of

  • PERAWATAN DINI ORTODONTI

    Keuntungan Bagi Pasien (5): !1. Perbaikan penampilan wajah dan percaya diri 2. Easier resolution or interception of developing

    malocclusion (longer periods and shorter chair time) 3. Mengurangi kebutuhan perawatan dengan pencabutan gigi 4. Pencegahan masalah psikologi pada anak 5. Biaya perawatan lebih murah

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • ORTODONTIK PREVENTIF

    Segala macam usaha untuk mencegah perkembangan terjadinya maloklusi > Tindakan yang dinamis, terus menerus dan disiplin bagi dokter gigi maupun pasien

    Contoh: Space maintenance dan kontrol oral habit

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • ORTODONTIK INTERSEPTIF

    Perawatan ortodonti yang dilakukan bila mulai terlihat terjadinya maloklusi, dengan tujuan untuk mengarahkan kearah pertumbuhan normal dan mencegah kerusakan oklusi lebih lanjut.

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • ORTODONTIK INTERSEPTIF

    Masalah yang Dapat Diatasi (7): !1. Bad Oral habits 2. Disfungsi kraniofasial, termasuk bernafas dengan mulut, pola penelanan yang tidak normal, dan semua aspek postur kranial

    !

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • Masalah yang Dapat Diatasi (cont): !3. Kehilangan dini gigi sulung 4. Persistensi gigi sulung 5. Archsize-tooth size discrepancy 6. Jumlah gigi yang abnormal (hyperdontia & hypodontia) 7. Problem erupsi (ektopik, transposisi, impaksi dan ankylosis)

    ORTODONTIK INTERSEPTIF

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • EPIDEMIOLOGI ORTODONTI

    Epidemiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari pola kesehatan dan penyakit serta fakor yang terkait di tingkat populasi.

    Pengertian modern pada saat ini EPIDEMIOLOGI : Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang Frekuensi dan Distribusi

    (Penyebaran) masalah kesehatan pada sekelompok orang/masyarakat serta Determinannya (Faktor faktor yang mempengaruhinya).

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • EPIDEMIOLOGI ORTODONTI

    Prevalensi : Proporsi suatu populasi yang ditemukan dengan suatu keadaan tertentu (biasanya penyakit atau faktor risiko)

    > perbandingan antara jumlah orang dalam keadaan tertentu dengan jumlah keseluruhan populasi

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PREVALENSI MALOKLUSI? !KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI ?

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • British Journal of Orthodontics/Vol. 24/1997/223228

    Introduction

    Interceptive orthodontics means different things todifferent people. Some orthodontists apply the term to anytreatment in the mixed dentition which will prevent theestablishment of a malocclusion, partially or totally (Bass,1996), others favour early appliance therapy as an optionalalternative to treating malocclusions after the permanentdentition is established or as a preliminary phase of treat-ment (Woodside, 1996). Those who favour early treatmentare guided by the principle of promoting developmentalchanges which are favourable and of suppressing featureswhich are unfavourable. Richardson, (1995) has placedemphasis on minimizing unfavourable features of occlusaldevelopment where early detection and treatment maymake the difference between achieving a satisfactoryresult by simple means as against prolonged mechanicaltreatment at a later stage. Interception in this sense is probably nearer the traditional definition of preventiveorthodontics than most. Seen from this perspective, theindications for interceptive treatment can be reduced tolocal factors, crowding, and displacements of the mandiblein closing from the rest position. Local factors includeimpacted upper first molars, retained deciduous teethrelated to malposed permanent teeth and delayed eruptionof permanent teeth caused by supernumerary teeth wherethe benefits of early treatment are well-established(Munns, 1981). The interceptive treatment of crowdingincludes space maintenance or space management (Proffit,1993) and serial extraction (Kjellgren, 1947; Dewel, 1970 ).Displacements are taken to mean deflections of themandible from a normal closure path, which may be associated with a unilateral cross-bite and long unworndeciduous canine teeth or lingual occlusion of eruptingpermanent incisors.

    An example may illustrate the economic benefits of interception: impaction of the maxillary canine tooth iscommonly treated by surgical exposure of the crown andbracket bonding with or without replacement of the fla p ,followed by orthodontic alignment with fixed appliances.The exposure is frequently carried out under general anaes-thesia in theatre by an oral surgeon and the fixed appliancework is usually done by an orthodontist rather than a generalpractitioner, all of which is expensive. National HealthService costings do not seem to exist for this treatment, butthere is no doubt that it can be reckoned in millions ofpounds annually. As shown by Ericson and Kurol (1988),simple extraction of the deciduous canine between the agesof 10 and 13 years leads to spontaneous alignment in 91 percent of cases if malposition of the permanent canine is minorand in 64 per cent if the malposition is major.

    Interceptive measures may have the advantage ofsimplicity and economy, but they must be applied at criticalstages of development. Early detection of orthodonticabnormalities and interception is presently in the hands ofthe general dental practitioner. Although the practitionermay be strategically placed to detect abnormalities in thepatients he or she sees, the chain of referral to an ortho-dontist often results in patients having orthodonticconsultations too late for effective interception and 39 percent of 8-year-old and 36 per cent of 12-year-old children inthe United Kingdom do not attend a practitioner regularly(OBrien, 1993). These children have little chance ofreceiving interceptive treatment unless the anomaly isdetected by a Community Dentist while screening fordental caries and periodontal diseases.

    If interception is to play a significant part in meeting theneed and demand for orthodontic treatment, screening ofthe child population would be essential. There might begreat benefits in a screening procedure specifically and

    Applicability of Interceptive Orthodontics inthe CommunityK A Z E M A L N I M R I, B.D.S.

    A N D R E W R I C H A R D S O N, M. S C . , F .F.D., D . O R T H.Orthodontic Division, School of Clinical Dentistry, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BP, Northern Ireland

    Abstract. The term interceptive orthodontics used in this paper is defined as the prompt treatment of unfavourable featuresof a developing occlusion categorized as local factors, crowding and displacements of the mandible in closing from the rest position. The aims of the study were to determine the best age or ages for interceptive orthodontics, to establish diagnostic cut-off points for self-correcting features of the developing occlusion which can be quantified, to investigate thereproducibility of treatment decisions and to make an initial estimate of the percentage of children suitable for interception.Based on material in the Belfast Growth Study, maximum or minimum measurements associated with spontaneous correc -tion of quantifiable features were determined and incorporated into a disposable plastic gauge. Using the gauge, the available records of 278 Growth Study subjects at age 9 years and 272 at age 11 years were assessed for suitability for inter -ception. Most of the conditions for interceptive treatments were present at age 9 years, but others were not present until 11 years. The majority of treatment decisions were highly reproducible. Approximately 50 per cent of the children in theGrowth Study would have benefitted from interceptive orthodontics. A follow-up community study seems justified.

    Index words: Interceptive treatment.

    0301-228X/97/003000+00$02.00 1997 British Orthodontic Society

    Perawatan Ortodonti Interseptif dapat mengurangi angka Kebutuhan Perawatan Ortodonti Korektif

    Al Nimri dan Richardson, 1997

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • PENAPISAN/ SCREENING KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI

    IOTN : INDEX of ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED !

    - DHC : Dental Health Component 5 Grade : 1. Tidakmemerlukan perawatan, 2. Ringan 3. Borderline need, 4 dan 5. Membutuhkan / sangat membutuhkan perawatan. !- EC : Esthetic Component

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • !!

    - EC : Esthetic Component

    Foto stimulus estetik IOTN. Skor didapatkan dari jawaban pasien terhadap pertanyaan ini adalah satu set foto yang memperlihatkan serangkaian susunan gigi yang menarik. Nomor satu adalah yang paling menarik dan nomor 10 adalah susunan yang paling tidak menarik. Dimanakah anda meletakkan susunan gigi anda pada ukuran tadi?. Grade 8-10 mengindikasikan kebutuhan perawatan, 5-7 kebutuhan yang sedang/ borderline need, 1-4 tidak/ kebutuhan perawatan ringan.

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • IKPO-I : INDEKS KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI

    INTERSEPTIF

    18 indikator:1. Gigitan silang anterior 2. Gigitan silang posterior 3. Gigitan terbuka anterior 4. Gigi berjejal anterior 5. Diastema sentral 6. Hubungan molar 7. Gigi supernumerary (Mesioden) 8. Peg-shaped 9. Frenulum tinggi 10.Persistensi gigi sulung

    !

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • IKPO-I : INDEKS KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI

    INTERSEPTIF

    11. Pergerakan ke mesial molar pertama 12. Kehilangan dini molar pertama sulung 13. Kehilangan dini molar kedua sulung 14. Kehilangan dini kaninus sulung 15. Kehilangan gigi anterior 16. Jarak gigit 17. Gigitan dalam 18. Karies molar kedua

    !

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • IKPO-I : INDEKS KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI

    INTERSEPTIF

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • IKPO-I : INDEKS KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI

    INTERSEPTIF

    www.yohanayusra.com

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

  • INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

    Orthodontic Department- Faculty Of Dentistry

    A Better Smile For Indonesian Children