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Gilded Age Progressive Age
1868-1912 Chapters 23-29
Bridget, Chandler, and Shelby
Presidents of the era
Ulysses S Grant 1869-1877 Ratified the 15th amendment Finished the first transcontinental railroad 1869 Money stolen by the tweed ring Railroad paid off congress in the credit mobilizer scandal Whisky ring fraud robbed the treasury of excess tax Grants entire cabinet was corrupt and bribed him with cigars
and wine
Rutherford b Hayes 1877-1881 Reconstruction ends in 1877 Bland-Allison act requiring the treasury to buy silver to circulate
passed in 1878
James Garfield President from March 4 to September 19 1881 He was assassinated by Charles Guiteau and dies 2 weeks later
Chester Arthur 1881-1885 Pendleton act 1883 made the compulsory campaign
contributions from federal employs illegal
Grover Cleveland 1885-1889 Knights of labor worked to get the 8 hour work day, abolition of
child labor, and equal pay for equal work 1886 Haymarket riot was a labor riot that turned violent killing 8
people its looked at as a set back for labor 1886 Interstate commerce act making railroads the first industry
subject to federal regulation in 1887
Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893 Sherman anti trust act tied to restrict tusts1890 North Dakota South Dakota Montana Washington becomes states
1889 Idaho and Wyoming become states 1890 McKinley tariff increased the tariff on imported goods 1890 Sherman act which attempted to stop trusts passed in 1890
Grover Cleveland 1893-1997 Panic of 1893 due to the collapse of the railroad overbuilding Hawaiian incident 1893 was the annexation of Hawaii without
the approval of queen Liluokalani Venezuela boundary affair 1895 the arbitration of Cleveland in
a dispute over gold in Venezuela and Guiana to enforce the Monroe Doctrine
Pullman strike which was the railroad workers boycott in 1894 American federation of labor was an alliance of work unions
not involved in politics who did not allow blacks or women Wilson Forman tariff 1894 reduced the McKinley tariff slightly
William McKinley 1897-1901 assassinated by czolgosz 1901 New imperialism is the time of colonial expansion in Europe
and Japan coming from the idea of a White Man’s Burden Spanish American war April 1898 February 1899 Open Door Policy 1899 which allowed free trade between the
US and China
Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Building of the Panama Canal 1903-1914 Square Deal worked to conserve natural recourses, protect
consumer and control corporations Corollary to the Monroe doctrine 1904 (Big Stick Policy) Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan 1904 Hepburn Act 1906 increased the governments control on railroads Pure Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act Muckrakers 1906 (yellow journalism) Trust Busting Coal Strikes Conservation Venezuela debt controversy 1902 mediation of a debt dispute Dominican Republic crisis 1902 the US took over the Dominican
finances
William Henry Taft 1909-1913 Aldrich tariff 1909 reduced tariffs Pinchot Ballinger controversy 1909 a dispute over land reserves Dollar Diplomacy helped the US further foreign policy by giving
loans
Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 Underwood Tariff 1913 lowered the tariff after the Civil War
16th 17th 18th 19th amendments
Federal Reserve System 1913 gave the government some control of the nations finances
Federal Trade Commission 1914 was created to enforce the antitrust laws
Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 attacked trusts but protected labor unions
Sent troops to Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Virgin Islands, and Mexico
Fourteen Points 1917 declared why World War I was being fought
Treaty of Versailles ended World War I
New Freedom were what is now known as Wilsons progressive policies
Gilded Age Politics
Parties were determined by religion and ethnic differences
78% of eligible voters were voting
Both parties were pro business
Both opposed to economic radicalism
Both advocated for a sound currency
Republicans dominated the senate
Democrats dominated the house
Republican party began to splinter into the stalwarts, halfbreeds, and mugwumps
The Populist Party
This was the remnants of the Farmers Alliances
Supported the free coinage of silver
What they wanted immigration restrictions government ownership of the railroads,
telegram, and telephone lines direct election of senators the 8 hour work day
Faded by the 1890’s
Progressive Era Politics
Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard, Woodrow Wilson
Practiced the lassie-faire
Applied science to the economy and social movements
Political parties were corrupt, and inefficient
Did pass the 16th 17th 18th and 19th amendments
Liberal vs. Conservative 1865-
1900Liberal Conservative
Supported radical reconstruction
Resisted radical reconstruction
Wanted honest Tolerated the spoils system
Supported reform Darwinism Supported social Darwinism
Anti imperialists Expansionists
Expanded paper money Supported the gold standard
Supported Government regulation of business
Laissez-faire
Wanted low tariffs Wanted high tariffs
Supported the Gospel of Wealth
Amendments of the era
16th- Graduated income tax
17th- Direct election of senators
18th-Prohibition of alcohol
19th –Women’s suffrage
Reforms of the era 1901-1916 Square Deal/ New Foundation
Teddy Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson
Goals Control corporations and trusts Clean up the Government Clean up the environment Citizen protection
Actions Pure good and drug act Clayton Act-Clarified the Sherman Antitrust Act Northern Securities Act-The forced dissolve of a northern railroad
monopoly Federal reserve act Federal Trade Commission Newlands Act- Gave money from the sale of western lands to irrigation
projects Keating Owens Act
Important Government Movements
Pendleton Act 1893 Government service based on merit rather than on
patronage
Roosevelt's Corollary 1904 Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the
US would use force to protect the interests of Latin America
Open Door Policy 1899 US became intrested in china Europeans already in china- creating spheres of
influence All nations share equal trading rights in China US sought trade access
Wars
Spanish-American War 1898 Causes
Oppression of Cubans by Spain US business interests threatened in Cuba by the
fighting between the Cubans and the Spanish Maine battleship sunk (due to a internal
explosion unknown at the time) Yellow journalism
Effects US acquires foreign territory US becomes a world power Us enforces the Monroe Doctrine
Treaties and Compromises
Treaty of Paris 1898 US and Spain Ended the Spanish-American war Cuba freed from the Spanish US received Puerto Rico and Guam US pays $20 million for the Philippines
Compromise of 1877 Who had won the 1876 election Three states sent sets of election returns Democrat Samuel
Tilden needed only 1 vote to win. Commission gave all 20 disputed votes to Republican Hays
Hays was given the presidency and troops were removed from the south Southerners were allowed back into the cabinet
This ended reconstruction
Important Events
1890 Battle of wounded knee- end of the Indian war
1892 Populist Party forms
1898 Spanish American War
1896 Annexation of Hawaii
1908 NAACP formed for African American euality
Supreme Court Decisions
Slaughterhouse Cases 1873 Military tribunals cannot be used to try civilians when the
civilian court is still operating; defendants won
US vs Cruikshank 1875 Due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th
amendment apply only to the government; advocates of the limited government won
Civil Rights Cases 1883 Federal civil rights acts were unconstitutional; racially
discriminatory laws won
Walbash vs Illinois 1886 State regulations of interstate commerce cannot place a
direct burden on interstate commerce; federal government commerce clause won
Plessy vs Ferguson 1896 Racially segregated facilities are permissible
under the 14th amendment if they are equal; separate but equal won
Lochner vs US 1905 New York state law limiting hours bakers could
work is invalid; cooperation's won
Muller vs Oregon Oregon state law limiting the hours women
can work is valid; women, progressive arguments won
Standard oil vs Us 1910 Standard oil is guilty of monopolizing the
petroleum industry in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act; stronger antitrust acts won
Publications
The Jungle Upton Sinclair 1906
The Significance of the Frontier in America Fredrick Jackson 1893
Century of Dishonor Helen Hunt Jackson 1881 (cruel treatment of Native Americans)
The Gospel of Wealth Andrew Carnegie
The Shame of the Cities Lincon Steffens 1904 (corruption in the cities)
Twenty Years at Hull House Jane Addams 1910 (settlement housing)
Principles of Scientific Management Fredrick Taylor (assembly line)
The Souls of Black Folk WEB Dubois 1903 (an end to segregation)
How the other Half Lives Jacob Riis 1890 (the poor in ghettos)
The Atlanta Compromise Booker T Washington 1895 (Blacks should learn a trade)
Looking Backwards Edward Bellamy 1888 (were becoming classless and a caring society)
Antislavery Societies
Antislavery Society 1833 Leader William Lloyd Garrison Goals: emancipate slaves without slave owner
compensation Means: moral persuasion, paid agents to
lecture on the end of slavery, and publications Women’s role: equal participation Summary: Garrison’s radicalism made him
controversial and he challenged the churches to help antislavery movements, and involved more movements than just anti slavery
American/ Foreign Antislavery Society 1840 Leaders: Theodore Weld, Lewis and Arthur
Tappan Goals: Gradual emancipation of all slaves and
slave owner compensation Means: moral persuasion, paid agents, and a
published newspaper Political action: Became close to the Liberal
Party Women’s Role: Limited mostly behind the
sense Summary: Moderate approach, attracted old
Garrison members, tried to use Liberty and Free Soil Party's to gain members
Disbanded in 1855 after losing strength in the late 1840’s
Black Leaders
Booker T. Washington 1856-1915 Message: The book Atlanta Compromise,
blacks should show equality with vocational skills
Supporters: Southern, rural blacks, wealthy, and white industrialists
Methods: accommodation with whites, created the Tuskegee institute, blacks and whites should remain separate socially, emphasized black economic development
Significance: Got money for black schools, tried to overturn segregation battled Dubios
WEB Dubois 1868-1963 Message: equality for the talented tenth of
the black community, equality including full suffrage
Supporters: intellectuals, professionals, white progressives
Methods: founded the Niagara movement in 1905, helped form the NAACP, wrote books to energize blacks
Significance: Challenged Booker T Washington, agitated for equality, challenged conservative radical policies
Wealthy People
Carnegie-Carnegie Steel Company Vertical integration-control over every aspect
of the industry
Rockefeller-Standard Oil Horizontal integration- creating trusts or
buyouts of competing companies
J.P. Morgan-Chase and Company Loaned $6 million to the US Treasury
Technology
New communication- Phonograph, telephone, and radio
Mass circulated newspapers and magazines
Growth of commercialized entertainment, new sports like basketball, bicycling and football
Transportation- Automobile, electric trains and trolleys
Era recap
Closing of the Western Frontier in 1860
The tragedy of the Plains Indians
The Gilded Age
Industrialization
The Huddled Masses moving from Eastern and Southern Europe
Rise of the Big Business
Rise of the City
Time for a Quiz
http://www.timeanddate.com/timer/
You have 8 min for 10 questions then we will go over the answers
Good luck!
Quiz Answers
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. C 8. A
9. D
10. B