Chapter 1

Building Professional Experience

History

• Pony Express 1860

• Transcontinental Telegraph 1861

• Transcontinental Railroad 1869

• First Flight 1903

• Air Mail - 1918 first route

• Erwin Link - 1928 developed flight simulator

History

• U. S. Government began installing a radio navigation system

• Jimmy Doolittle - 1929 first blind flight

• Elrey Jeppesen - 1934 published airway manuals

History

• Air traffic control center - 1935 Newark

• Elmer Sperry harness the principles of gyros to build a flight instrument

• Paul Kollsman developed an accurate altimeter

Flying the Beam

A

N

Steady tone

Why an Instrument Rating

• VFR - at the mercy of the weather

• Safety - VFR pilots fly into worsening weather with poor results

• Cost and inconvenience - unscheduled hotel stays when a flight cannot be completed

• Keep on schedule - cannot tell a client you will be there if the weather is good

Why an Instrument Rating?

• Money Saver - More use of an airplane

• Confidence and safety - Complexity of the ATC system

• Removes the temptation to scud-run

• Results in greater precision

• Improves your go/no go decision skills

Requirements

• Part 61–40 Flight Instruction

–50 Hours of Cross-country

• Part 141–35 hours Flight Instruction

–30 hours Ground Instruction

IPC

• Instrument Proficiency Check

• Consists of a representative number of tasks required by the instrument rating practical test

Instrument Currency

• “To act as PIC of an aircraft on an IFR flight plan, one must have logged (within the preceding 6 months):– 6 approaches– holding– intercepting and tracking navigation courses– or passed an IPC

Currency

3 approaches, navigation, holding

Need IPC

Flying on the Ground

• Flight Simulator - full size cockpit replica with motion cueing system

• Flight Training Device - full size replica of the instruments, panels and controls of an aircraft

• PCATD - personal computer-based aviation training device

AIM

• Aeronautical Information Manual provides basic flight information and ATC procedures for the National Airspace System.

• Health and medical factors

• Pilot/controller glossary of terms

• Safety, accident and hazard reporting

Terms

• VFR - visual flight rules

• VMC - visual meteorological conditions

• IFR - instrument flight rules

• IMC - instrument meteorological conditions

FARs Commercial Operations

• Part 121 Domestic (Scheduled)

• Part 121 Flag (out side the U.S.)

• Part 121 Supplemental (Not Scheduled)

• Part 135 Commuter < 9 seats

• Part 135 On-demand 30 seat max

• Part 125 Private carriage > 20 seats

Privileges

• Private Pilot - 35 hours

• Commercial Pilot - 190 hours

• Airline Transport Pilot -1500 hours

Commercial Pilot

• Without an instrument rating, a commercial pilot is limited to daylight operations within 50 nautical miles of the departure airfield

Fundamental Skills

• Cross-check- fixation and omission

• Instrument interpretation

• Aircraft Control– Pitch

– Bank

– Power

– Trim

Teaching Techniques

• Command and Performance

• Primary and Secondary

Command and Performance

• At full power in a C172, with the attitude above the horizon, you expect a certain rate of climb and a certain airspeed.

Stabilized Climb

• Primary - Pitch - Airspeed

• Primary - Bank- Heading Indicator

• Supporting Pitch and Bank - Attitude indicator

• Supporting Pitch - vertical speed

• Supporting bank - turn coordinator