S + have / has + past participle.

IIYouWe

They

have eaten an apple.

He He SheSheItIt

JohnJohn

has eaten an apple.

Here are some more examples!

I have already eaten breakfast.

She has seen that movie before.

We have dealt with customers for many years.

In these examples the past participle

has an irregular form.

She has used a cash register before.

He has worked for that company since May.

We have already served their food.

In these examples the past participle has a regular

form and looks just the the simple past

tense, but it’s not.

We often use CONTRACTIONS with this tense.

I have I’ve I haven´t

You have You’ve you haven´t

We have We’ve We haven´t

They have They’ve They haven´t

He has He’s He hasn´t

She has She’s She hasn´t

It has It’s It hasn´t

I have lived in Florida for two years.

I’ve lived in Florida for two years

Negative statements are formed with NOT

not

I have finished.

I have not/haven’t finished.

She has not/hasn’t finished.

You have not/haven’t finished.

Questions are formed by inverting the subject and the auxiliary verb

I have finished. Have I finished?

You have finished. Have you finished?

She has finished. Has she finished?

USE 1

We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about a completed past action at an unspecified

time in the past. Perhaps we don’t remember when the action happened.Maybe we don’t know when the action happened.Or we just don’t care when the action happened.The only thing that is important is

that it happened sometime before now. But not any specific

time.I’ve already eaten breakfast.

She’s seen that movie before.

When did it happen?

!

You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. 

USE 2

We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about experience.

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience.

Examples:•I have been to France.THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.•I have been to France three times.YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.•I have never been to France.THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO FRANCE.

USE 3

We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about change over time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:•You have grown since the last time I saw you.•The government has become more interested in arts education.•Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.•My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

USE 4

We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about accomplishments.

Examples:Man has walked on the Moon.Our son has learned how to read.Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.Scientists have split the atom.

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

USE 5

•We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about an uncompleted action you are expectingWe often use the Present Perfect to say that an action

which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:•James has not finished his homework yet.•Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.•Bill has still not arrived.•The rain hasn't stopped.

USE 6

We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about multiple actions at different times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:•The army has attacked that city five times.•I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.•We have had many major problems while working on this project.•She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

USE 7

•We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about things that happened at some time in the recent past and have a connection to the present.

Examples:•I can’t pay for the bill; I have forgot my wallet.•I have lost my key and I am looking for it now.

We often use the following words with the present perfect tense.

already ever for just since yet

Which word is followed by a certain timein the past?

since

We have been to the airport five times since July.

I haven’t seen Helen since last summer.

A. Which word is followed by a length of time? for

I have been a member of the Drama Club for three years.

She hasn’t written to me for a year.

B. Which word is often used with negative statements and questions when the action has happened already or we expect it to happen soon?

yet

Have you done your Maths homework yet?Has your brother taken his driving test yet?My parents haven’t signed my report card yet.I haven’t had lunch yet.

Yet usually goes at the end of the question or negative statement.

C. Which other word is often used with the present perfect tense in questions?

ever

Have you travelled on a motorbike?

ever

D. Which word shows that an action was completed a short time ago? just

just

They have finished the project.

E. Which word is used in positive statementsto stress that something has happened?

already

already

Karen has left Hong Kong.

If we want to ask a question about something that happened at a specific time specific time in the past,

we wouldn’t use the present perfect tense. We need to use PAST SIMPLE!

When did they use a cash register?

They used a cash register last year.

When did you supervise other people?

I supervised other people two years ago.

Last year, yesterday, two years ago, last week are all words we use with the simple

past tense

Often when we’re speaking, we go back and forth between these two tenses—the present

perfect and the simple past tense.

Take a look at this example.Miko: Have you ever supervised other

people?Tanaya: Yes, I have.

Miko: When did you do that?

Tanaya: I supervised others last year in my previous job.

TanayaMiko

Present Perfect Continuous TenseFORM

Affirmative Form: S+have/has+been+verb+ING

They have been studying for exactly three hours

Negative Form: S+haven’t/hasn’t+been+verb+ING

She hasn’t been working since she came home

Interrogative Form: Have/has+S+been+verb+ING

Has he been learning English since his childhood?

USES1. “HOW LONG / FOR / SINCE” WITH ACTION VERBS (action started in past & continues now)•How long have you been doing this?•She’s been travel.ling by bus for 5 years

2. REPEATED ACTIONS, ESPECIALLY WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS LIKE ALL DAY, RECENTLY, ETC

•I have been arguing with my husband lately.•The phone has been ringing all day.

USES

• 3. CONTINUOUS ACTIONS THAT HAVE JUST FINISHED (WITH RESULT IN THE

PRESENT)

• He’s been running all day. He’s dead tired!

• A: Look at your hands! They’re so filthy!• B: I know. I’ve been painting the living

room

Present perfect = Present perfect Continuous

The present perfect continuous is often very similar in meaning to the present perfect tense.

• Just like the Present Perfect, we can use Present Perfect Continuous to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening.

EXAMPLES

I have lived in San Diego for 10 years.

I have been living in San Diego for 10 years.

= I moved to San Diego 10 years ago and I still live here today.

I have been studying medicine for one year.

OR

I have studied medicine for one year.

EXAMPLES

same meaning

• With “How long?, For & Since” we can use both. However, we prefer the continuous for shorter, temporary actions.

• We’ve lived in London since 1980• We’ve been living in London since 1980• We’ve been staying in a hotel for the

last month

WHEN ARE THEY DIFFERENT? (I)

WHEN ARE THEY DIFFERENT? (II)

Present Perfect

• Finished action

They have read a book about philosophy.

(They finished reading the book)

• Susan has just mopped the floor, so don’t walk on it!

(she finished mopping it)

Present Perfect Progressive

• Unfinished action

They have been reading a book about philosophy.

(They are still reading the book)

• Susan has been mopping the floor

(she hasn’t finished mopping it yet)

•The present perfect simple focuses more on the result of the action.

•The present perfect continuous focuses more on the continuous action. The emphasis is on the duration of the action.(a) Dee has been working since 6 o’clock.

(b) She has been working for ten hours.

WHEN ARE THEY DIFFERENT? (III)

I have painted my living room.

WHEN ARE THEY DIFFERENT? (IV)

we DON’T use the Present Perfect Continuous with verbs expressing feelings, attitudes, whishes, possession, permanent situations, opinion; verbs of cognition etc.; instead, we prefer to use the Present Perfect.

Example:1) I have been knowing Maria for many years.-INCORRECT2) I have known Maria for Many years.-CORRECT

a.a. He / lose / his passport. b.b. We / not / finish / our work. c.c. You / take / any photographs? d.d. They / buy / a new house. e.e. He / make / any mistakes? f.f. I / visit / New York / five times. g.g. You / eat / four bananas! h.h. We / watch / any television today? i.i. She / not / travel / far.

Write affirmative, negative and Write affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences using the Present interrogative sentences using the Present

Perfect tense using the words given. Perfect tense using the words given.

London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century. The London Underground ________ (start) in 1863, when engineers and workers ________ (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line ________ (go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It ________ (be) a very short line. Eight more lines ________ (open) since then. The world’s first electric railway ________ (open) in 1890. This line ________ (go) from the city centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It ________ (open) in 1977. Since the London Underground ________ (begin), many other cities, like New York and Moscow, ________ (build) their own systems.

Complete the text using the Past Simple Complete the text using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect tense or the Present Perfect tense

a. a. I have played tennis last week.b. b. They have finished work yet. c. c. When you bought that umbrella? d. d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella. e.e. I have bought three CDs last week. f. f. She didn’t saw that film. g. g. She hasn’t never seen that film.

Correct the following sentencesCorrect the following sentences:

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS?

I (have)  the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.

I (love)  chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic."

John (work)  for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy)  his work, but now he is talking about retiring.

Lately, I (think)  about changing my career because I (become)  dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.

I (see)  Judy for more than five years and during that time I (see)  many changes in her personality.