d b dd S ff CPresented by Todd Mayer, Steffes Corporation

I will be talking about 2 main areas:

1. Regulations effecting the flaring of gas in ND.

St t d F d l State and Federal2. Examples of flare solutions that can help

meet these regulations.P A i Pressure Assist Air AssistI will not get into detail of the following flareI will not get into detail of the following flare

options: Gas Assist CombustorsCombustors

The best choice is to put the gas to productive use by capturing, but when this is not possible, it is important to burn efficiently.

Steffes is not the only company providing options for burning gas to meet regulations.

Everything in this presentation concerningEverything in this presentation concerning regulations is our interpretation. Contact regulatory agencies for your sites to egu ato y age c es o you s tes todiscuss specific requirements.

Volatile Organic Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds Organic Compounds—Compounds containing

carbon. Examples include natural gas and p gpropane.

VOCs can be destroyed by burning them with flares. One way flares are rated is their Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE). A flare with a 98% DRE is burning 98% of the VOCs contained in theDRE is burning 98% of the VOCs contained in the incoming gas.

Oil/Condensate Tanks Produced Water Tanks Produced Water Tanks Treater Flares Heater/BurnersHeater/Burners Truck Loading Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine (RICE)Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine (RICE) Pneumatic Pumps Pneumatic Controllers Today we will focus on VOCs from tanks and

treater flares

Operates with no visible emissions (smoke) except for periods not to exceed a total of 5except for periods not to exceed a total of 5 minutes during any 2 consecutive hours.

Operates with a flame present at all times p p(standing pilot) that is typically monitored with a thermocouple.

Operates with a liquid knock-out system to collect any d bl (t t li id f icondensable vapors (to prevent liquids from going

through the flare) Equipped with flash-back flame arrestorq pp Equipped with a malfunction alarm and remote

notification system to detect if pilot flame fails.E i d i h i di d i Equipped with a continuous recording device or connected to a SCADA to monitor and document proper operation.p

Maintained in leak-free condition

1. State of NDBakken Pool Oil and Gas Production Facilities Air Pollutions Control Permitting & Compliance Guidance Document

• Issued by ND Department of Health, Division of Air QualityIssued by ND Department of Health, Division of Air Quality

2. Federal EPA 40 CFR Part 60, subpart OOOO (Quad O)(Quad O)

Both regulations require a flare that operates within the i f 40 CFR 60 18 Th f ND h 20requirements of 40 CFR 60.18. The state of ND has a 20

tons per year (TPY) limit on tank emissions (VOCs) and Quad O has a 6 TPY limit.

2 Main Requirements need to be met when deciding q gon the type of emission control:• The overall well Potential to Emit (PTE) needs to be less

than 100 Tons per Year (TPY)than 100 Tons per Year (TPY) Greater than 100 TPY requires a permit to construct and

Title V application.• Oil Tank Potential to Emit (PTE) of VOCs: Tank PTE >20 TPY—Utility Flare Required—State of ND Tank PTE>6 TPY—Utility Flare Required—Quad OTank PTE>6 TPY Utility Flare Required Quad O

What does this mean in terms of production numbers?

ND assumes that every barrel of oil sent to the tanks has 97.91 scf of gas.

Using the standard assumptions of the state, a i ill h h 20 TPY li i b 118site will reach the 20 TPY limit at about 118

bopd.Again using the standard assumptions of the Again, using the standard assumptions of the state, a site will reach the 6 TPY limit of Quad O at about 36 bopd.at about 36 bopd.

Using the standard assumptions of the state of Using the standard assumptions of the state of ND, 100 mscfd = 450 TPY of VOCs.

If you burn 98% of VOCs, 2% of 450 TPY = 9 TPY of VOCs remain per 100,000 mscfdburned.If b 90% f VOC 10% f 450 TPY 45 If you burn 90% of VOCs, 10% of 450 TPY = 45 TPY of VOCs remain per 100,000 mscfdburned.

Remember the maximum emissions from a site is 100 TPY before needing a Title V permit.

800

900 Acceptable Combinations of Oil and Gas Flow Rates to stay below 100 TPY Limit of VOC emissions

Example: A well produces an average

700

800

cfd)

Example: A well produces an average of 500 bopd during its first month of production. A ground flare is not acceptable because flow is greater than 118 bopd. Allowable treater gas to be b d 663 fd f b d h

500

600

w R

ate

(ms burned is 663 mscfd if burned with a

utility flare (98% DRE) or 154 mscfd if burned with a ground flare (90% DRE).

118 bopd limit for using a ground pit flare (90% DRE) on tank gas. Above hi li i VOC

300

400

rGas

Flo

w

Included in analysis (default values from state):

• Treater Flare Gas, Tank V G T B

this limit, VOC emissions would be greater that 20 TPY. Quad O only allows 6 TPY from

100

200

red

Trea

te Vent Gas, Treater Burner• And Truck Loading

tanks before a control device over 95% is required.

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Flar

Average Oil Flow Rate (bopd)Average Oil Flow Rate (bopd)98% DRE Tank Gas, 98% DRE

Treater Gas98% DRE Tank Gas, 90% DRE

Treater Gas

Need to use energy already available in the gas or add energy to burn smokeless. Following are a couple of technologies Steffes offers:P A i t Fl Pressure Assist Flares

Air Assist Flares

One system to burn both tank and treater gas. Both burners qualify as utility flares (98% DRE)burners qualify as utility flares (98% DRE).◦ Also possible to use each burner as a stand alone system

Uses pressure energy already on the site to burn smokelesssmokeless

Includes ignition system and monitored standing pilot Handles a wide range of gas flow rates by using a g g g

variable annular orifice Open Flare Meets all requirements of EPA 40 CFR 60 18 Meets all requirements of EPA 40 CFR 60.18◦ Smokeless◦ Flame present at all times

Flare and Pilot Tips

Low Pressure Tank Gas Tip.

4 osiHigh

Pressure Treater Gas

Tip 4-8 psiAll tips are modular meaning that it isTip. 4 8 psi.

Standing

meaning that it is possible to configure to only burn treater gas or to only burn tank gasg

Pilot 8-10 psi

to only burn tank gas.

High Pressure Flare TipThe high pressure flare tip is a pressure assisted flare. When gas exits under pressure, it burns with a pale orange smokeless flame.

2 l l f

3. Gas exits through the annular gap and is guided upward by the 2. Plunger lifts a

distance proportional to the gas flow.

guided upward by the plunger radius. As the gas is guided around the radius, significant

b ti i i

1. Gas fills main barrel of fl d b ld

the gas flow.combustion air is drawn in prior to ignition.

flare and builds to a pressure of 4 psi. This pressure is based on the weight of the plunger andweight of the plunger and preload of spring pack. 3

Low Pressure Flare Tip

Similar operation to the high pressure flare tip but needs topressure flare tip, but needs to

operate at a much lower pressure to handle tank vent gas.

3. Gas exits through the annular gap and is guided upward by the plunger

2. Plunger lifts a distance

radius. As the gas is guided around the radius, significant combustion air is drawn in prior to ignition

proportional to the gas flow.

drawn in prior to ignition.

1. Gas fills main barrel of flare and builds to a pressure of 4 osi. This pressure is based on thepressure is based on the weight of the plunger only.

3

Pilot SystemHigh

Temperature Thermocouple

High Temperature Ignition Rod

Thermocouple in protection

tube

Looking in end of pilot nozzle

Ignition

Thermocouple

Pilot Gas

Ignition Conductor

Pilot Gas

Ignition, Data Logging, and Monitoring

Electric Fencer B

Thermocouple Data Logger or SCADA

High Temperature

Insulated or Burner Management

System to provide high

or SCADA interface

Insulated Stainless

Steel Conductor p g

voltage pulse to igniter

Powder CoatedCoated

Steel Stands

Low Pressure Tank Gas

High Pressure TreaterGas

Pilot

Flare Tips in Berm

Electric Fencer

L PLow Pressure Tank Vent Gas Flare Tip

Pilot

Burns tank gas when pressure energy is not sufficient for smokeless operation. Pressure energy is typically limited by pressure rating of tankslimited by pressure rating of tanks.

Uses electric energy to run a variable speed blower that forces air into the gas stream prior to ignition for smokeless operation.

Includes ignition system and monitored standing pilotH dl id f fl t Handles a wide range of gas flow rates

Open Flare Meets all requirements of EPA 40 CFR 60 18 Meets all requirements of EPA 40 CFR 60.18◦ Smokeless◦ Flame present at all times

Pilot

Blower

Today we have discussed regulations that are in place guiding operators on what needs to be p g g pdone with gas emitted from production oil sites.

The Steffes Pressure and Air Assist Flares are tools available to help operators meet these regulations. Other options are available as well.

Steffes is working with customers to develop other flaring technologies. More technologies will be introduced as regulations continue towill be introduced as regulations continue to evolve.