Presented By: Keelin Dillon, Lauren Rosen, Kristina Wu, and Max
Dahlquist Middle East - Rise of the Muslim Empires
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Rise of Islam and the Islamic Empire (610 C.E- 1924)
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Muslims separated into Sunni and Shiite Imposed special taxes
and restrictions on non-Muslims Many non-Muslims converted Abbasid
Dynasty ended discrimination Merchants were honored Muslims formed
an extensive trade network and money economy Government and Economy
(Islamic Empire)
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Social Structure and Religion: Muhammad was urged from God
through the voice of the angel Gabriel to become the messenger of
God United Muslims Kaaba No priests ShariaIslamic system of law
Social mobility Slaves
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Geography: (Islamic Empire) Bagdad became intellectual capital
Travel guides Exploration Long distance travel was common Routes
were secure Port of trading in Knafu, China
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Timeline of Major Events (Islamic Empire) 500 C.E 600 C.E 700
C.E1000 C.E1900 C.E 570 C.E.- Muhammad is born in Mecca. He comes
from a noble family and is well-known for his honesty and upright
character. 1622 CE- In Medina, Muhammad establishes an Islamic
state based on the laws revealed in the Quran and the inspired
guidance coming to him from God. Eventually he begins to invite
other tribes and nations to Islam. 633 C.E. Muhamm ad dies after a
prolonge d illness. 711 C.E. Muslims enter Spain in the west and
India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula
is under Islamic control. 1120 C.E. Islam continues to spread
throughout Asia. Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach
them about Islam. 1924- World War I ends with the defeat and
dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, which was the last of the
Islamic empires. Many regions populated by Muslims in Africa and
Asia are colonized by Europeans. Traditional religious ways of life
are threatened and, in some cases, destroyed.
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Golden age of Muslim Society Extensive trade led to economic
growth Doctors made remarkable advancements in medicine such as
creating hospitals available in cities and rural communities
Al-Khwarizmi pioneered the study of algebra Advanced agriculture
developed farmers grew crops from other regions such as, sugar
cane, cotton, and medicinal herbs.
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Cultural Interactions and Conflicts of the Muslim Empire The
Abbasids created an empire based on equality of all Muslims-
halting large military conquests created a more sophisticated
bureaucracy and encouraged learning. In 1258 the last Abbasid
Caliph died. In the 900s Seljuk Turks migrated from central Asia to
the middle east threatening the Byzantine Empire and prohibiting
Christians from reaching the holy lands of Jerusalem.
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Ottoman Empire 1300-1923 AD
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Geography of the Ottoman Empire Began in Turkey and spread
outwards In the 13000s the Ottoman Empire stretched across Asia
Minor and into Eastern Europe's Balkan Peninsula The Empire had a
max. area of 7.6 million square miles contained areas with a wide
range of climates and land-forms
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Timeline of Major Events (Ottoman Empire) 1300 Early 1300s:
Ottoman Turks spread into Balkan Peninsula 1453: Constantin ople
falls to Ottoman Turks 1400 1451-1481: Reign of Mehmet (2 nd ) 1500
1566: The Empires slow decline begins with the death of Suleyman (1
st ) 1683:The Ottomans try to conquer Venice but fail. They
continue to lose land and power 16001900 1914: During World War I,
the Ottoman Empire sides with the Central Powers. They lose the
war, and peace treaties cause the empire to dissolve 1453-1481:
Ottoman Empire flourishes
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Constantinople falls to Ottoman Turks
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Social Structure and Religion (Ottoman Empire) Men of the Sword
(soldiers) and Men of the pen (scientist, lawyers, poets) were on
top Farmers were on the bottom Ottomans ruled diverse people with
many religions such as Muslims, Christens, and Jews The people were
divided into millets which were religious communities
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Government and Economy (Ottoman Empire) Empire was based off of
The Circle of Justice- the ruler defended the peasants so they
could work the land Gov. was organized around a land tenure system-
common law system where land is owned by an individual Run by a
dictator with help from others Agriculture was seen as more
important than trade
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Cultural Heritage and Advancements of the Ottoman Empire Under
the ruler Suleiman the arts blossomed. Poets adapted Persian and
Arab models to produce works in Turkish Sultan Mustafa founded the
Imperial Naval Engineers. Suleiman had fleets of warships built,
which yielded an impressive navy. With this navy, the Ottomans
controlled the Mediterranean.
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Cultural Interactions and Conflicts of the Ottoman Empire
Non-Muslim girls from eastern Europe served as slaves in wealthy
Muslim households. Expansion threatened the crumbling Byzantine
empire. Ottomans put young Christian boys from the Balkans into
rigorous military training After Suleimans death, European
advancements were leaving the Ottomans behind. Russia and other
European powers captured Ottoman lands.
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Safavid Empire 1501-1736
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Geography of the Safavid Empire The Safavid empire bordered the
Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Gulf of Oman Mountains enclosed
several broad basins, or plateaus The Empire bordered present day
Turkey, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Climate was variable. In
the northwest, winters were cold with heavy snowfall. In the south,
summers are hot and dry, winters are mild.
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Safavid Government and Economy Theocracy Government mixed with
Shia Islam Shah : Leader who made decisions with the consultation
of his advisers at the capital Isma il Abbas Economic strength came
from its location on the trade routes When declining, Safavid was
in a drastic financial crisis because the pilgrimages to Mecca
drained the governments gold
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Safavid Social Structure 1.Royalty 2. Nobility 3. Merchant
Class 4. Artisans 5. Peasants
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Safavid Religion State religion was Shia Islam Countered the
influence of the Sunni Ottomans Persecuted all other religions,
including Sufi groups, even though they were originally a Sufi
order
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Safavid Cultural Heritage and Advancements Art Elaborate
Persian carpets became a national industry Printed and painted
textiles Engineering Isfahan Domes City planning
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Safavid Cultural Interactions and Conflicts Trade language was
Swahili Trading resulted in cultural blending of language, ethical
systems, style of government, ethnic blending, arts, and
architecture Partners-,Europe (especially England),Netherlands
Exports -Persian rugs, silks, colored textiles
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Safavid Cultural Interactions and Conflicts (cont.) Trade
(cont.). Imports- Spices, Metals, Coffee, sugar Conflicts Main
enemy were the Ottomans Had On and Off treaties fought over land
and boundaries and religion No one won Just tore each other down
with no gain
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Safavid Timeline
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The Decline of the Safavid In early years, Safavid was held
together by conquering new territory, and then by the need to
defend it from the Ottoman Threats declined early 17th century,
Ottoman was peaceful No unity Army began to plunder villages No
security on roads or while traveling
Slide 27
Safavid Citations Fuller, Donald. "Cultural Interactions in the
Safavid Empire." Prezi.com. Prezi, 2014. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.
"Safavid Empire." BBC News. BBC, 2014. Web. 27 Oct. 2014. Yalman,
Suzan. "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History." The Art of the Safavids
before 1600. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014. Web. 27 Oct.
2014.
