MAXILLARY MIDLINE DIASTEMA

{MMD}PRESENTED BY

FOLARIN, ROYHAAN OLAMIDE

TO THE HUMAN ANATOMY DEPARTMENT,UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN.

Contents’ Catalog1.Prologue2.Societal Regards3.Incidence Rates4.Safety in children5.Aetiologies & Remedies6.Post-retention studies of redressed patients7.Understanding the Remedies8.Deciding on Cosmetic Dentistry9.Recommendations10.References

2

PROLOGUE

•Diastema is defined as a Space or Gap between two teeth {Encarta dictionary, 2009}

HistanaiTo

place

DiistanaiTo

Place apart

DiastemaGap amid teeth

Etymology & Definition

•Occurs both in Humans and Animals {Wikipedia, 2009} 3

4

Despite…

SOCIETAL REGARDS

Many still want it changed or closed

5

Societal Regards {cont’d}European patients with Broad midline diastema {according to a 1995 study} were perceived as being•Less socially successful, and

•Of lower intelligence, {Oesterle and

Shelhart, 1999} to an extent that...

6

Societal Regards {cont’d}

Maxillary midline

diastema

Was equated

with

But deemed

worse than

Crowding

Excessive overjet or Protruding incisors

{Oesterle and Shelhart, 1999}

7

Many Nigerians have it created. {Wikipedia 2009}

The French have consider it “Dents du Bonheur” teeth of luck {Encarta dictionary,

2009} It thus varies in perception;

a. culturally, b. racially, and c. with its incidence

within a given population.

8

INCIDENCE RATEApproximately;

•98% in 6 year olds, 49% in 11 year olds and 7% in 12–18 year olds. {Campbell and Kindelan, 2006}

•5.5% in blacks, 3.4% in whites, and 1.7% in people of Chinese descent {Oesterle and Shellhart, 1999}

•26% in black boys, 19% in black girls, 17% in white boys, and 12% in white girls {Oesterle and Shellhart, 1999}

•1.6% in nearly 10,000 South Indians {Oesterle and Shellhart, 1999}

9

Incidence Rate {cont’d}

•8% of at least 0.5mm wide MMD in 183 white male Navy recruits {Oesterle and Shellhart, 1999}

•0.32 +/- 0.14 heritable in whites and 0.04 +/- 0.16 in blacks {Oesterle and Shellhart, 1999}

•Over 5 times more frequent than mandibular midline diastemas in 9,774 samples of Madras, now Chennai {Oesterle and Shellhart, 1999} 10

SAFETY IN CHILDREN•MMD and mild lower incisor crowding are normal during the mixed dentition phase of normal dental development. {Oesterle and Shellhart, 1999}

•The majority of the MMDs close after Maxillary canine eruption, requiring no intervention by a dentist. •Those larger than 2mm and those in patients of generalized teeth spacing, are at risk of not closing with normal development.

11

AETIOLOGIES & REMEDIESIn descending order of frequency1. Tooth-size discrepancies2. Excessive anterior vertical overlap3. Mesiodistal angulation4. Generalized spacing;

a. Musclesb. Tongue positionc. Missing or impacted teeth

5. Labiolingual angulation6. Frenums7. Pathological conditions

12Braces are available to move the teeth back into contact.

13

The rest of this file is RESERVED