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Presentations May 23 – 25, 2005 Portland, Maine For related information visit: http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/conferences. Introduction of Neon Products - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Presentations May 23 – 25, 2005 Portland, Maine
For related information visit: http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/conferences
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
Introduction of Neon ProductsIntroduction of Neon Products
Mercury consumption of Neon tubesMercury consumption of Neon tubes
Reduction of Mercury consumptionReduction of Mercury consumption
Outlook: Elimination of Mercury in Neon Outlook: Elimination of Mercury in Neon
TubesTubes
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
Neon Products: A worldwide leader in Neon Technology
High Tec Production Facilities in High Tec Production Facilities in Germany and BrazilGermany and Brazil
Intensive R&D SpendingIntensive R&D Spending Global Sales & ServiceGlobal Sales & Service
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
AACHEN, Germany
WARBURG, Germany
HvM do BRASIL
Introduction of Neon Products
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
ElectrodesElectrodes
Phosphor and Phosphor and Pre-coated TubesPre-coated Tubes
PumpingPumping and and Bombarding Bombarding EquipmentEquipment
Electronic Power Electronic Power SuppliesSupplies
The Products
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
Mercury consumption of Neon tubes: 4 - 5 tons / year worldwide
Europa 25%
USA 40%
Eurasia 35%
end of lifetime
70%
glass break 10%
in glass shop 20%
by regionby region by value addedby value added
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
Mercury consumption of Neon tubes in the US: Around 2 Tons / Year
POP 33%
General Neon 67%
by type of Neonby type of Neon
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
Three ways to reduce mercury in Neon tubes
Dosing ApparatusDosing Apparatus Mercury RocksMercury Rocks HG+ ElectrodesHG+ Electrodes
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
Mercury Rocks
5 mg Hg per Rock5 mg Hg per Rock
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
HG+ Electrode
19 mg Hg +/- 1 mg per capsule
Mercury
Capsule
RF-Generator
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
HG+: Breakthrough Technology
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
HG+: Summary of Benefits
It worksIt works Reduces mercury consumption of Reduces mercury consumption of
Neon tubes by 80 – 90% = around Neon tubes by 80 – 90% = around 1.5 tons in the US1.5 tons in the US
Eliminates mercury spills during Eliminates mercury spills during production and transportproduction and transport
Speeds up productivity Speeds up productivity
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
Successful Market Introduction
Worldwide Unit Sales HG+ Electrodes
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
01/02 02/03 03/04
Fiscal Year
Un
its
sold
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
The Future: Xenon Discharge Lamps
Mercury Reductions in Products and Waste Conference
May 2005
PresentationsMay 23 – 25, 2005Portland, Maine
Robert Lago No Presentation available
Button Cell Battery Button Cell Battery Collection: Why it Makes Collection: Why it Makes
SenseSense
John JamesJohn James
Maine DEPMaine DEP
May 24, 2005May 24, 2005
[email protected]@maine.gov
(207) 287-7866(207) 287-7866
Declining Use of Mercury in U.S. Declining Use of Mercury in U.S. Battery ProductionBattery Production
YearYear TonsTons
19841984 1,1291,129
19861986 827827
19881988 494494
19901990 117117
19921992 1414
19941994 77
20022002 2.52.5
Which batteries have mercury?Which batteries have mercury?
Use of mercury in most consumer Use of mercury in most consumer batteries is prohibited by state and federal batteries is prohibited by state and federal lawlaw• Maine law at 38 MRSA §2165 [1993] Maine law at 38 MRSA §2165 [1993]
• 12 other states, including CA, CT, MN, NH, NJ, 12 other states, including CA, CT, MN, NH, NJ, NY, RI and VTNY, RI and VT
• U. S. Mercury-Containing Battery Mgt Act, 42 U. S. Mercury-Containing Battery Mgt Act, 42 USC § 143301 USC § 143301 etet seqseq. [1996]. [1996]
Two exceptions:Two exceptions:• Mercuric oxide batteriesMercuric oxide batteries• Button batteries with < 25 mgs of HgButton batteries with < 25 mgs of Hg
Mercuric oxide batteriesMercuric oxide batteries
The Hg serves as an electrode and The Hg serves as an electrode and accounts for 40% of the battery weightaccounts for 40% of the battery weight
Can be sold only if the manufacturer has Can be sold only if the manufacturer has a collection programa collection program
Usage limited to applications demanding Usage limited to applications demanding stable current and long service life, e.g., stable current and long service life, e.g., medical devicesmedical devices
Extent of usage unknownExtent of usage unknown Sale of mercuric oxide button batteries Sale of mercuric oxide button batteries
(formerly used in hearing aids) is (formerly used in hearing aids) is banned banned
Button BatteriesButton Batteries
Three types of button battery use HgThree types of button battery use Hg
• Zinc air (hearing aids)Zinc air (hearing aids)• Silver oxide (watches, cameras)Silver oxide (watches, cameras)• Alkaline manganese (toys, novelties)Alkaline manganese (toys, novelties)
In each, the Hg coats the zinc anode In each, the Hg coats the zinc anode to inhibit formation of hydrogen gas to inhibit formation of hydrogen gas that could cause bulgingthat could cause bulging
Consumption of Mercury in Button Consumption of Mercury in Button BatteriesBatteries
Button battery sales contribute 5 tons of Hg to Button battery sales contribute 5 tons of Hg to U.S. commerce each yearU.S. commerce each year
• Half = replacement batteries made by U.S Half = replacement batteries made by U.S companiescompanies
• Half = foreign-made batteries imported in a Half = foreign-made batteries imported in a larger productlarger product
Zinc air batteries for hearing aids account for Zinc air batteries for hearing aids account for 85% of Hg in replacement batteries85% of Hg in replacement batteries
Most foreign-made batteries presumably are Most foreign-made batteries presumably are alkaline (toys) or silver oxide (cameras, watches alkaline (toys) or silver oxide (cameras, watches and calculators) and calculators)
Consumption of mercury in button Consumption of mercury in button batteries compared to other productsbatteries compared to other products
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
switches
measuring devices
amalgam
lamps
thermostats
button batteries
other
Hg in tons
Here is why:Here is why:• Batteries may be the largest source of Hg Batteries may be the largest source of Hg
emissions from municipal waste incineratorsemissions from municipal waste incinerators• Hg use in button batteries is increasingHg use in button batteries is increasing• Hg is bio-accumulative. All releases are Hg is bio-accumulative. All releases are
problematic. problematic. • Disposal of Hg-added batteries is contrary to Disposal of Hg-added batteries is contrary to
the regional goal of virtually eliminating Hg the regional goal of virtually eliminating Hg emissions from human activityemissions from human activity
• Maine’s Bottom LineMaine’s Bottom Line: as long as they contain : as long as they contain Hg, it is not an environmentally sound Hg, it is not an environmentally sound practice to put button batteries in the trashpractice to put button batteries in the trash
Why bother with the “small” amount Why bother with the “small” amount of mercury in button batteries?of mercury in button batteries?
Options for reducing Hg Options for reducing Hg emissions from button batteriesemissions from button batteries
1.1. Eliminate the Hg at the source by Eliminate the Hg at the source by eliminating the need for mercury in eliminating the need for mercury in button batteriesbutton batteries
2.2. Collect spent Hg-added batteries Collect spent Hg-added batteries for recyclingfor recycling
Hg-free versions of all 3 button batteries Hg-free versions of all 3 button batteries types that currently use mercury have been types that currently use mercury have been introduced to the marketplaceintroduced to the marketplace
Possible barriers to deployment of Hg-free Possible barriers to deployment of Hg-free battery technologybattery technology
• Production capacityProduction capacity
• Battery performance / user acceptance Battery performance / user acceptance
• Current law “condones” sale of button batteries Current law “condones” sale of button batteries with < 25 mgs Hg and could be a disincentivewith < 25 mgs Hg and could be a disincentive
Can the use of mercury in button Can the use of mercury in button batteries be eliminated? batteries be eliminated?
Should button batteries be Should button batteries be collected for recycling? collected for recycling?
Preferred strategy is to eliminate the Preferred strategy is to eliminate the use of Hg in button batteriesuse of Hg in button batteries
If this cannot be done soon, spent If this cannot be done soon, spent batteries should be collected for batteries should be collected for recyclingrecycling
Recycling is safe and affordable, costing Recycling is safe and affordable, costing less than 1¢ per batteryless than 1¢ per battery
Main challenge is achieving a high Main challenge is achieving a high capture ratecapture rate
What about the fire and ingestion What about the fire and ingestion concerns ?concerns ?
FireFire: NEMA contends battery collection poses : NEMA contends battery collection poses an unacceptable fire hazard. an unacceptable fire hazard.
Our review indicates this concern is overstated Our review indicates this concern is overstated and conjectural.and conjectural.
IngestionIngestion. NEMA contends more kids will . NEMA contends more kids will swallow batteries if they are collected for swallow batteries if they are collected for recycling.recycling.
We observe that injury from button battery We observe that injury from button battery ingestion is ingestion is exceedinglyexceedingly rare and has not rare and has not prevented them from being placed in prevented them from being placed in commerce, including in toys commerce, including in toys
Proposed legislative strategy for Proposed legislative strategy for button batteries button batteries
1.1. Ban the sale of non-essential products Ban the sale of non-essential products (novelties) that have Hg-added button (novelties) that have Hg-added button batteries effective January 1, 2007batteries effective January 1, 2007
2.2. Ban the sale of all Hg-added button Ban the sale of all Hg-added button batteries effective January 1, 2010batteries effective January 1, 2010
1.1. Interim report in 2008 to assess status of Interim report in 2008 to assess status of mercury-free battery technologies.mercury-free battery technologies.
Summary of Maine DEP Position on Summary of Maine DEP Position on Mercury-Added Button BatteriesMercury-Added Button Batteries
It is not an environmentally sound It is not an environmentally sound practice to dispose of mercury-added practice to dispose of mercury-added button batteries in the trash. The use of button batteries in the trash. The use of mercury in these batteries should be mercury in these batteries should be ended at the earliest opportunity. If this ended at the earliest opportunity. If this cannot be done soon, then Maine law cannot be done soon, then Maine law should be amended to prohibit the should be amended to prohibit the disposal of these batteries, and disposal of these batteries, and provision should be made to collect the provision should be made to collect the batteries for recycling. Manufacturers batteries for recycling. Manufacturers should be responsible for the costs of should be responsible for the costs of collection and recycling. collection and recycling.
References / ResourcesReferences / Resources Button Cell Battery Collection: Why It Does Not Make Button Cell Battery Collection: Why It Does Not Make
SenseSense, National Electrical Manufacturers Association , National Electrical Manufacturers Association (January 2003) (January 2003)
Analysis of Battery Industry Sponsored Button Cell Analysis of Battery Industry Sponsored Button Cell Collection ProgramsCollection Programs, Richard Tozer (December 2003), Richard Tozer (December 2003)
An Investigation of Alternatives to Miniature Batteries An Investigation of Alternatives to Miniature Batteries Containing Mercury, Containing Mercury, Lowell Center for Sustainable Lowell Center for Sustainable Production (December 2004)Production (December 2004)
Mercury Use in Button Batteries: A Report the Joint Mercury Use in Button Batteries: A Report the Joint
Standing Committee on Natural Resources, 122th Maine Standing Committee on Natural Resources, 122th Maine Legislature, Legislature, MaineMaine Department of Environmental Department of Environmental Protection (March 2005)Protection (March 2005)