TheArt ofCommunicationPRESENTATION SKILLS Lecture Objectives
Develop and organizea presentation for any occasion. Organize
content & order for maximum impact. Creating a good first
impression and taking command of your audience. Use gestures and
body language for maximum effect. Use visuals to enhance both your
presentation & performance. Use humor effectively. Controlling
physical skills to reduce nervousness. Using your eyes, hand
gestures, and voice to become more poerful. !hinking on your feet
and handling really tough "uestions. #ntroduction $!he %
&spects of a Dynamic 'resentation( 'reparations & 'lanning
)uilding *our !alk Delivery +ethods )ody ,anguage Controlling *our
-erves .inding *our /oice Creating /isual &ids 0uestions &
&nsers 'racticing & 1ehearsingLecture Outlines -obody is a
born speaker 1 Intro!uction "o# $eo$le Listen&verage talking
speed 2 345 pm&verage brain processing speed 2 455 pmDifference
645 pmRoute %&' (h) $eo$le fail to listen They anticipate what
is going to be said & switch off. They are planning what to say
when its their turn. They may be tired or worried (personal
problems). They can not hear or they find the speakers voice dull.
The topic is too complex & difficult to follow. The topic is
too simple & basic. The speaker lacks credibility &
confidence.Room atmosphere is uncomfortable (chairs temperature).
Listenin* is +i,cultQuestion: 7o canyou overcome the problem of
listening8Answer: *ou must learn to distinguish clearly beteen the
written word and the spoken word+on-t be a #riter. be a s$ea/er
+i0erencesbet#een (ritin* 1 S$ea/in* 9riting allos reader to
re:read and understand at hison pace. 9riter has more attention
from reader. 9riter can not see reader. 9riter can not react.
9riter relies on ords alone. 9riter can carefully choose ords, but
can not changethem. The !i0erent elements #hich !ominate a
s$ea/er-s e0ect on his au!ience 1 their $ro$ortions%;44;6estures 6
As$ects of a +)namic
Presentation?peaker+essage&udienceChannel.eedback-oise?etting 7
Pre$aration 1 Plannin*.ail !o 'repare'repare !o .ail 'rior 'roper
'reparation'revents 'oor 'erformanceOf the'erson 'utting on the
'resentationThe 8 P-s 3. ?etting an ob@ectiveA. 1esearching your
audience6. Creating a map of ideasB. ?electionPre$aration Ste$s9 3.
?etting an Ob@ectiveQuestion # 1: Why am I speaking?&( ?tart
ith >eneral Ob@ectivesC !o persuadeDconvince !o informDtrain !o
negotiate !o stimulateDmotivate !o amuseDentertainQuestion # 2 :
What outcome do I want?)( Customize your Ob@ective =xampleC# ant to
convince my client that EDetergent &F is better than EDetergent
)F, and that buying EDetergent &F ill save them money.OutcomeC#
ant them to include EDetergent &F in their next purchase plan
and discard EDetergent )F.3. ?etting an Ob@ective
?pecific+easurable&udience related1ealistic!ime S:ART*our
Ob@ective +ust )eG{ A. 1esearching your &udience 9hy are they
there8 9hat do they expect8 9hat do they ant or need8 ;uestions
re*ar!in* au!ience-s information an! /no#le!*e 7o much do they
already kno about the topic8 7o much do they ant to kno8 7o much do
you ant them to kno8 ;uestions re*ar!in* au!ience-s bac/*roun! 7o
many ill be present8 9hat is their positionDoccupationDtitle8 9hat
is their educationDculture8 9hat is their age group8 9hat is their
gender8 $maleDfemale( +o not assess #hether the material is
relevant or lo*ical at this sta*eTr) to buil! it over several !a)s
ree )our min! ?Thin/ creativel) !ake a look at each idea in the map
and assess it against your ob@ective. !ake into consideration ho
your audience ill react. ?elect material that ill satisfy their
needs and expectations. )e very selective. One or to good points
are better than too many disorganized points.B. ?election %
3uil!in* 2our Tal/ Components of a !alkC3. OpenA. )ody6. Close
Structure of a Presentation#ntroduction $Opening( HHHHHHH)ody
HHHHHHHConclusion $Closing(1!1" #$!% #1!1" #1 # Tell. Tell. Tell
!ell them hat you are going to tell !ell them !ell them hat you
told them *our opening should contain the folloing elementsC
&ttention )enefits Credentials Direction and Destination3. !he
Opening Ca$turin* Attention 1& Ask a QuestionE7ave you any idea
ho much the company spends on taxes82&
QuotationE&dvertisements are the only truths to be believed in
a nespaperF'homas (e))erson*& AnecdotesE!ell a short story.
$'referably a personal one(FB. ?hock OpeningsE*ou are asting your
time sitting here listening to meG..unless you are prepared to act
on my suggestions.F 4. 7istorical )ackgroundE!enty years ago this
hall as a public parkF+& ,how them your Credentials?ho them ho
you have come to be "ualified to talk about the
sub@ect.=xampleCEDuring the past B years, # have supervised the
computerization of records for I different companies, so # kno the
kind of problems that you are facing hereF $& 'ell them where
you are going?>ive them a brief outline of your talk $a fe
sentences(=xampleCE# ill be talking to you about the problem of
incorrect deliveries.!his problem can be tackled in 6 aysC! One, hy
do they occur8! !o, hat can e do to stop them8! !hree, ho much ill
it cost8F >ive your listeners a frameork ?ummarize after each of
your points ?elect astructureA. !he )ody! -ro.lem/,olution
,tructure! Chronological ,tructure! 'opical ,tructure 0Case1!
'heory/-ractice ,tructure En! on a $ositive note2on3t make it
sudden 2on3t include any new material in the close6. !he Close
+i0erent metho!s for en!in* )our tal/3. ?ummarizeEin
conclusionFEfinallyFEto sum upF}&ll indicate that you are about
to finishA. &sk for &ctionE!herefore, # am asking you to
vote for the increase in the budget.F6. &sk a
0uestionE=ffective hen you have proposed a solution to a
problem.F=xampleC E-o that you have heard my proposal, the decision
is ith youC hat do you think8 @ +eliver) :etho!s 7O9am # supposed
to deliver my 'resentation8 3. 1eadingThis is the #orst metho! of
!eliver)It lac/s Enthusiasm. Sincerit) 1 4italit)Why?! *ou canJt
keep good eye contact.! *our body language is restricted.! *ou ill
sound unnatural and therefore insincere.! *ouJll never be a
convincing speaker.?cript dependence G A. +emorizingAll )our
ener*)#ill be !irecte! in#ar!s instea! of out#ar!sConse4uences:
*our talk ill sound mechanical. .orgetting one line can lead to
losing track of the entire talk. 6. ?peak =xtemporaneouslyThis is
the most e0ective metho!'lan your talk?trong )eginningConclusive
=nding?peak ?incerely Use a safety net to aid you hen you forget
your ideas during your talk #deas +ap ?cript Confidence Cards &
3o!) Lan*ua*e 7O9am # supposed to use my )OD* 8 3. ?mileI am ha$$)
to be here an! I am *la! )ouare here too !he.elt ?mile !he .alse
?mile !he +iserable ?mile A. =ye Contact(h) E)e Contact is
Im$ortant,ooking at someone denotes an interest in him.=ye contact
denotes authority.=ye contact expresses emotion. A. =ye Contact(hat
to avoi! in e)e contact&void short, @erky glances. 'ractice
looking at each person for at least A to 6 secondsAvoi!s$ea/in* to
a sin*le $erson !urin* )our tal/ 6. 7ands(hat not to !o #ith )our
han!s .iddling ithC rings, atch, cuff, buttons, pens, elastic
bands, paper clips, coins, etc. !ouching and pattingC face, hair,
etc. ?cratchingC any part of the body (hat to !o #ith )our han!s
!ry to keep them empty. !ry to keep them still unless you are
gesturing. 9hen gesturing remember that your arm begins at your
shoulder.6. 7ands B. 'osition & 'osture Avoi! barriers>ood
speakers must learn to stand totally exposed in front of your
audience.Stan!in* an! Sittin*DO-J! sit. ?tanding gives you
authority, makes you more visible, enables you to breathe properly
to help your voice.Stan! Tall'ush back your shoulders and open up
your chest B. 'osition & 'osture 7opping from one foot to
another. !aking to steps forard and to steps back. ?aying from side
to side. ?tanding on the sides of your shoes.Avoi! the follo#in*
feet movements A Controllin* )our Nerves 7O9am # supposed to avoid
nervousness 8 !he >reat !ruth Ever)one su0ers from
nervesEver)one is fri*htene! of loo/in* foolish 3. ?ymptoms of
nervousness ?haking knees, shaking hands 'alpitating heart and
churning stomach !ight throat, unable to sallo 9et palms, feeling
very hot )lushing )lank mind ?tuttering ?hortness of breath -ervous
laugh !rembling A. 9hat !o Do 8 .ace your nervousness ,earn to
elcome your anxiety Control your nervesTurn )our anBiet)into
$ositive $o#er 7o !oConvert 'anicinto'ositive 'oer 8 'racticeC
'ractice, 'ractice /isualize your successC Create a picture of your
success. Do not allo any negative thoughts to intrude 1emember a
good feelingC !hink back of a time hen you achieved a certain
success in your lifeA. 9hat !o Do 8 6 >in!in* )our voice
9herehas my voice gone 8 ¬her >reat !ruth >e# $eo$le
li/e the soun! of their o#n voice 3. &ccent Consider your
accent as part of your personality, and do not let it be a
hindrance to your presentation Only if it is bad enough so people
can not understand, should you consider changing it. A. 9hat
attributes arere"uired for your voice 8 /olume Clarity /ariety A.3.
/olume 2our voice must be hear!There is no eBcuse for not bein*
hear! & load voice makes you sound more authoritative. Do not
speak softlyG*ou ill strain your listeners, and they ill finally
give up. 'ro@ect your voiceGDo not shout Inor!er tos$ea/ #ell)ou
mustbreathe #ell A.A. Clarity 2our voice must be un!erstoo! Do not
speak ith your teeth together Open up your mouth !ry to pronounce
every letter clearly A.6. /ariety 2our voice must be colorful(hat
if it isn-tC *ou ill lose credibility *ou ill lose your listenersJ
interest "o# TO A!!4ariet) C 4ar)in* 4olume9 ,oer your volume for
emphasis 1aise your volume hen calling for action4ar)in*
Pitch9-erves often cause your voice to go up a fe notes
higher.Change beteen high and lo pitch to convey different
moods.1aise your pitch as you ask a rhetorical "uestionA.6. /ariety
4ar)in* S$ee!9>enerally, try to slo don during your talk.?peed
up hen revieing information that you kno is familiar to your
audienceUse pausesA.6. /ariety (h)C Pauses mean Po#erPause is
e0ective ONL2 if it is silent +i0erent uses of a $ause9 !o indicate
a change of sub@ect !o dra attention !o allo you recollect your
information $much better than muttering umJs and erJs(A.6. /ariety
Other metho!s for achievin* variet)a( #nflexionE# have @ust lost my
@obF DReall)C- DReall)C- $horror(E*our ork is exceptionally
goodFDReall)- DReall)- $pleasure(E9e ill be finishing on timeF
DReall)- DReall)- $disbelief(E!ruly # am looking forardto orking
for him.F KReall)- Reall)- $disbelief(b( !ry reading the folloing
sentence by stressing a different ord each timeCEEAre )ou comin*
#ith meCFAre )ou comin* #ith meCFA.6. /ariety G Creatin* 4isual
Ai!s (ho #as it that sai! EA Picture is #orth a thousan! (or!sCF
2ou /no#. the) #ere ri*htH !o help increase understanding.!hey save
you time!hey help control nervousness9hy Use /isual &ids8 !ypes
of /isual &ids+odels D DiagramsCharts D >raphsDraings D
+aps'hotographs D +oviesComputer 'ro@ections D Overheads!he +ost
.orgottenG !he ?peaker 8 ;uestions 1 Ans#ers ;uestions are
im$ortant for )our au!ience to *et a full un!erstan!in* of #hat )ou
are sa)in* +urin* )our tal/A--56-5IA'7 865 ,9A:: ;567,F or a ED6F.
1espond in your on ordsE*9 E(e have consi!ere! the E*9 E(e have
consi!ere! the $ro$osal from three. an*les an! $ro$osal from three.
an*les an! ?F?F4. 7o to anser Difficult 0uestions ENo (inF
;uestions==Can you eEplain the decline in sales ! Is it Can you
eEplain the decline in sales ! Is it due to poor management or poor
selling?due to poor management or poor selling?!here is no
obligation to choose one of the posed alternatives4. 7o to anser
Difficult 0uestions I. 7o to deal ith 1amblersRamblersRamblers are
people who do not ask a are people who do not ask a direct
4uestionB .ut giAe a long speech direct 4uestionB .ut giAe a long
speech insteadinstead2ou can97ighlight one part of the Ramble hich
makes sense, re:phrase it and give a short anser7old up your hand
to indicate you ill give an anserUse your voice to interrupt hile
explaining that time is running out %. *our )ody ,anguage during
0uestion time *our positive, confident stance should not disappear
during "uestion time ,ook at the speaker directly as he poses his
"uestion !ry to look pleasant even if he seems to have
misunderstood your point, or you disagree. 1' Practicin* 1
Rehearsin* "o# im$ortant is Rehearsin*C 3.!he #mportance of
1ehearsing Some Some ELPERTSELPERTS recommen! one recommen! one
hour of $re$aration for hour of $re$aration for E4ER2E4ER2
:IN5TE:IN5TE of $resentationof $resentationRehearsin* hel$s )ou to9
)ecome familiar ith your material Con"uer the blank:mind syndrome
.eel more confident Control your nerves Develop an effective
speaking voice Use positive and appropriate body language A. !hree
?tages of 1ehearsing 'ractice 1ehearsal ?ite /isiting &
Dress1ehearsal A.3. 'racticePracticin* )our $resentation Practicin*
)our $resentation b) )ourselfb) )ourself S$ea/ alou!. *ou ill be
hearing hat you have decided to say for the first time &dd
anecdotes, examples, or make any changes hich you feel ill enhance
your talk Do not get too carried aay ith the changes Tr) to
simulate the Tr) to simulate the con!itions of )our real con!itions
of )our real $resentation$resentation Use body language 'retend you
are talking to somebodySelfMAssessmentSelfMAssessment ?tand in
front of a mirror Use a tape recorderA.3. 'ractice Practicin* in
front of one or Practicin* in front of one or several $eo$le
