Presentation on Indian Indus

8/9/2019 Presentation on Indian Indus

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An intro An introHistorical viewHistorical view

sequencessequences


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INDI A an over viewINDI A an over viewIndia is one of the oldest civilizations in theIndia is one of the oldest civilizations in theworld, spanning a period of more than 4000world, spanning a period of more than 4000years, and witnessing the fusion of severalyears, and witnessing the fusion of severalcustoms and traditions, which are reflective ofcustoms and traditions, which are reflective ofthe rich culture and heritage of the Countrythe rich culture and heritage of the Country

It covers an area of 32,87,263 sq. kmIt covers an area of 32,87,263 sq. km

extending from the snowextending from the snow- -covered Himalayancovered Himalayanheights to the tropical rain forests of the south.heights to the tropical rain forests of the south.


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A s the 7th largest country in the world, Indiastands apart from the rest of A sia, marked off as

it is by mountains and the sea, which give thecountry a distinct geographical entity.India is one of the oldest civilizations in the

world with a kaleidoscopic variety and richcultural heritage. It has achieved all-round socio-economic progress during the last 62 years of itsIndependence.

India has become self-sufficient in agriculturalproduction and is now one of the topindustrialized countries in the world and one ofthe few nations to have gone into outer space toconquer nature for the benefit of the people.


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pre colonial periodpre colonial periodIndia's economicIndia's economichistory can behistory can bebroadly dividedbroadly dividedinto three eras,into three eras,beginning withbeginning withthe prethe pre- -colonialcolonialperiod lasting upperiod lasting upto the 17thto the 17th

centurycentury ( where( wherethere wasthere wasem perors rulingem perors rulingperiod)period)


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Pre colonial industriesPre colonial industriesA ssessment of India's pre A ssessment of India's pre- -colonial economy is mostlycolonial economy is mostlyqualitative, owing to the lack of quantitativequalitative, owing to the lack of quantitativeinformation. One estimate puts the revenue ofinformation. One estimate puts the revenue of A kbar A kbar 's'sMughal E mpireMughal E mpire in 1600 atin 1600 at 17.5 million, in contrast17.5 million, in contrastwith the total revenue of Great Britain in 1800, whichwith the total revenue of Great Britain in 1800, whichtotaled 16 million.totaled 16 million.A fter the decline of the Mughals, western, central and A fter the decline of the Mughals, western, central andparts of south and north India were integrated andparts of south and north India were integrated andadministered by theadministered by the Maratha E mpireMaratha E mpire . The Maratha. The MarathaE mpire's budget in 1740s, at its peak, was Rs. 100E mpire's budget in 1740s, at its peak, was Rs. 100million. A fter the loss at Panipat, the Maratha E mpiremillion. A fter the loss at Panipat, the Maratha E mpiredisintegrated into confederate states of Gwalior,disintegrated into confederate states of Gwalior,Baroda, Indore, Jhansi, Nagpur, Pune and KolhapurBaroda, Indore, Jhansi, Nagpur, Pune and Kolhapur ..


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I nde pendent I ndia in 1947I nde pendent I ndia in 1947


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CementCement industries:industries:The inaugural cement factory built up in Chennai inThe inaugural cement factory built up in Chennai in1904. A t present, there are 115 large and 310 mini1904. A t present, there are 115 large and 310 minicement plants with an installed capacity of more thancement plants with an installed capacity of more than110 million tones.110 million tones.

In 1997In 1997- -98 the total production was of the order of 8398 the total production was of the order of 83million tones, of which 4.25 million tones weremillion tones, of which 4.25 million tones wereexported to Southexported to South- -east A sia, Middleeast A sia, Middle- -east and A frica.east and A frica.


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Paper industries:Paper industries:MachineMachine- -made paper was first manufactured in India inmade paper was first manufactured in India in1812. There were 15 mills with a total production of1812. There were 15 mills with a total production oflakh tonnes. With rising population and broadening oflakh tonnes. With rising population and broadening ofeducation, the demand for paper has been escalatingeducation, the demand for paper has been escalatingsince.since.

Therefore, bamboo, sabai grass and sugarcaneTherefore, bamboo, sabai grass and sugarcanebagasses are being used more and more. The totalbagasses are being used more and more. The totalnewsprint production has now reached well overnewsprint production has now reached well over400,000 tones. However, imports of approximately400,000 tones. However, imports of approximately500,000 tones are still obligatory500,000 tones are still obligatory


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Petrol industries:Petrol industries:

The industry is located near Mumbai andThe industry is located near Mumbai and Vadodara, Now it is broadening to other parts Vadodara, Now it is broadening to other partsof the country.of the country.

Consumption of major petrochemicals was 3Consumption of major petrochemicals was 3million tones in 1995million tones in 1995- -96 and by 2002 it had96 and by 2002 it hadrisen to 6.8 million tones. Now there are asrisen to 6.8 million tones. Now there are asmany as 14 mineral oil refineries in Indiamany as 14 mineral oil refineries in India - - 3 in3 in A ssam, 2 in Maharashtra and one each in A ssam, 2 in Maharashtra and one each inGujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, A ndhraGujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, A ndhraPradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh andPradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh andHaryana.Haryana.


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SteelSteel industry:industry:A

humble beginning of the modern steel industry was A

humble beginning of the modern steel industry wasreached in India at Kulti in Bengal in 1870. But thereached in India at Kulti in Bengal in 1870. But theconception of larger production became visible with theconception of larger production became visible with theestablishment of a steel plant in Jamshedpur in Bihar inestablishment of a steel plant in Jamshedpur in Bihar in19071907 ..It started production in 1912. It was, however, onlyIt started production in 1912. It was, however, onlyafter Independence that the steel industry was able toafter Independence that the steel industry was able tofind a strong foothold.find a strong foothold.The iron and steel industry in India is over 122 yearsThe iron and steel industry in India is over 122 yearsold.old.Private sector plants, of which the Tata Iron and SteelPrivate sector plants, of which the Tata Iron and SteelCompany (TISCO) is the biggest, have been allowed toCompany (TISCO) is the biggest, have been allowed toraise their capacity.raise their capacity.


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Sugar industries:Sugar industries:Placing sugar khandsari and gur or jaggeryPlacing sugar khandsari and gur or jaggerytogether, India stands first in the world production.together, India stands first in the world production.In 1950In 1950- -51 there were 138 sugar mills in the51 there were 138 sugar mills in thecountry.country.Their number has now escalated to 460. Since itTheir number has now escalated to 460. Since itdeals with a consumable raw material, it isdeals with a consumable raw material, it isextensively scattered and is fundamentally a ruralextensively scattered and is fundamentally a rural- -based industry. The production of sugar has alsobased industry. The production of sugar has alsorisen gradually, though with ample fluctuationsrisen gradually, though with ample fluctuations- -

from 1.13 million tones to 12.8 million tones byfrom 1.13 million tones to 12.8 million tones by19971997- -98.98.The sugar content in cane is higher i.e. aboutThe sugar content in cane is higher i.e. about10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.

The industry therefore has been amplifyingThe industry therefore has been amplifying


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Chemical industriesChemical industries ::It is 4th in size, next only to (me) iron and steel, (ii)It is 4th in size, next only to (me) iron and steel, (ii)

engineering, and (iii) textiles. Here too rapid growthengineering, and (iii) textiles. Here too rapid growthcan be witnessed in the fields of organic and inorganiccan be witnessed in the fields of organic and inorganicchemicals. These heavy chemicals aid downchemicals. These heavy chemicals aid down- -streamstreamproducts such as drugs, dyestuffs, pesticides, plastics,products such as drugs, dyestuffs, pesticides, plastics,paints etc.paints etc.

Pharmaceuticals are yet another arena in which IndiaPharmaceuticals are yet another arena in which Indiagives tough competition to the third world countries. Itgives tough competition to the third world countries. Itis highly diversified and simultaneously verticallyis highly diversified and simultaneously verticallystructured. The country is nearly selfstructured. The country is nearly self- -reliant in basicreliant in basicand bulk drugs. However, imports are stilland bulk drugs. However, imports are stillindispensable. But these are compensated for, throughindispensable. But these are compensated for, throughexports to a specific degree. In 1996exports to a specific degree. In 1996- -97 total turnover97 total turnover

of the industry was Rs. 12,680 croresof the industry was Rs. 12,680 crores ..


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D iamond industry:D iamond industry:India has always been center stage in the dramaticIndia has always been center stage in the dramatichistory of some of the world s most famoushistory of some of the world s most famousmesmerizing diamonds. India has been the earliestmesmerizing diamonds. India has been the earliestknown source of diamonds. Conversely, today India isknown source of diamonds. Conversely, today India isprecursor in the gem industry and a world leader in theprecursor in the gem industry and a world leader in the

manufacturing of cut and refined diamonds.manufacturing of cut and refined diamonds.D iamonds used in jewelry worldwide, nine out of everyD iamonds used in jewelry worldwide, nine out of everyten come from India the Indian diamond industry todayten come from India the Indian diamond industry todayis a result of perseverance and hard work. A fter Indiais a result of perseverance and hard work. A fter Indiabecame independent in 1947, for several years, thebecame independent in 1947, for several years, thenation s economy was in the depression.nation s economy was in the depression.The Indian diamond industry was a scattered cottageThe Indian diamond industry was a scattered cottageindustry only three decades ago. Now it graduallyindustry only three decades ago. Now it graduallyevolved into a modern, mechanized, largeevolved into a modern, mechanized, large- -scalescale

operation.operation.


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After i990 s After i990 s

Thus the owners of these managing agenciesThus the owners of these managing agenciescontrolled a major portion of the economy,controlled a major portion of the economy,prior to independence.prior to independence.

But things changed after independence.But things changed after independence.Parliament enacted a legislation to curb theParliament enacted a legislation to curb thepowers of managing agencies. By 1971 thepowers of managing agencies. By 1971 thegovernment had banned the managinggovernment had banned the managingagencies. The Industrial Policy Resolutionagencies. The Industrial Policy Resolution

declared in 1948, clearly put forward the goaldeclared in 1948, clearly put forward the goalof the Government's policy with respect toof the Government's policy with respect toindustrialization and classified them into fourindustrialization and classified them into fourcategories.categories.


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globalizationglobalizationA t the time of liberalization the Indian A t the time of liberalization the Indianindustries were not competitive in the globalindustries were not competitive in the globalscenario. They could not face the stiffscenario. They could not face the stiffcompetition from the foreign industries; hencecompetition from the foreign industries; hencemany industries sold their company tomany industries sold their company tomultinational corporations or entered into jointmultinational corporations or entered into jointventures with foreign companies or shut downventures with foreign companies or shut downthe business.the business.IT and IT E 's industries flourished providingIT and IT E 's industries flourished providingemployment to millions of graduates. Foreignemployment to millions of graduates. Foreignequity investment was allowed up to 40%.equity investment was allowed up to 40%.


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Industry

195 RelianceIndustriesOil & Gas,Petrochemicals 26.07 2.79 30.67 89.29

198Oil and NaturalGasCorporation

Oil & GasOperations 18.90 4.11 33.79 54.11

219 State Bank ofIndia Banking 15.77 1.47 188.56 33.29

303 Indian OilCorporationOil & GasOperations 42.68 1.82 25.39 16.36

374 ICICI Bank Banking 9.84 0.64 91.07 29.85

411 NTPCE lectricitygeneration 7.84 1.60 20.34 41.57

647 Steel A uthority

of India Limited Steel 7.88 1.45 26.37

738 Tata Steel Steel 5.83 0.97 11.48 14.63

826 Bharti A irtel Telecommunications Services 4.26 0.94 6.61 39.16

846

Reliance

Communications

Telecommunications Services 3.13 0.65 13.08 29.63


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927TataConsultancySvcs

Software &Services 4.32 0.97 3.03 21.38

949 H D FC Banking 1.49 0.40 16.97 19.07

961 Larsen &Toubro Capital Goods 4.68 0.52 5.72 24.94

967 BharatPetroleumOil & GasOperations 22.77 0.50 8.67 4.16

1012 Bharat HeavyE lectricals Capital Goods 3.99 0.56 5.17 27.92

1040 InfosysTechnologiesSoftware &Services 3.21 0.89 3.08 22.09

1093 H D FC Bank Banking 1.96 0.27 21.09 12.87

1102 Wipro Software &Services 3.47 0.68 3.26 15.87

1111 Tata Motors Capital Goods 7.27 0.50 5.77 6.75

1112 Hindustan

Petroleum

Oil & Gas

Operations20.48 0.39 7.59 2.54


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1134 NM D C Materials 0.97 0.54 1.73 34.83

1159 ITC Limited FoodD rink &

Tobacco 2.98 0.64 3.57 19.01

1166 PunjabNational Bank Banking 3.03 0.38 38.42 4.76

1185D LF UniversalLimited

D iversifiedFinancials 0.61 0.45 4.19 33.26

1205 HindalcoIndustries Materials 4.41 0.62 6.43 6.22

1249 G A IL Utilities 3.83 0.59 5.03 8.93

1305 Canara Bank Banking 3.03 0.35 38.54 2.85

1361 A xis Bank Banking 1.29 0.15 16.91 9.10

1375 Bank of India Banking 2.48 0.26 32.80 4.72

1413Power GridCorporation of

India

Utilities 0.83 0.25 8.50 11.54


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1477 Bank of Baroda Banking 2.55 0.26 33.97

1478 National A luminium Company Materials 1.37 0.55 2.20

1484 Unitech Group Construction 0.76 0.30 3.03

1527 Grasim Industries Construction 3.24 0.46 3.70

1597 Reliance Power Utilities 0.00 0.00 0.05

1737 Indian Overseas Bank Banking 1.43 0.23 19.03

1744 I D BI Bank Banking 1.70 0.14 24.51

1753 Power Finance Corporation Business Services & Supplies 0.89 0.23 10.80

1759 Union Bank of India Banking 1.90 0.20 23.76

1763 Satyam Computer Services Software & Services 1.50 0.33 1.59


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1803 Central Bank of India Banking 1.58 0.12 21.44 1.05

1833 Syndicate Bank Banking 1.54 0.17 20.66 1.28

1919 Mahindra & Mahindra Consumer D urables 4.07 0.35 4.59 4.12

1919 Reliance Capital Business Services & Supplies 0.37 0.16 1.72 11.16

1935 UCO Bank Banking 1.35 0.07 17.32 1.01

1952 Oriental Bank of Commerce 1.32 0.13 17.05 1.57

1954 Suzlon E nergy Utilities 1.85 0.20 2.90 10.52

1996 A llahabad Bank Banking 1.22 0.18 15.68 1.23


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List of major industri e s List of majo r industri e s Tex ti le I ndustr yTex ti le I ndustr y: Th is industr y cove rs a w id e: Th is industr y cove rs a w id eran ge of a c ti v iti e s ran g in g f rom ge n e ration of ran ge of a c ti v iti e s ran g in g from ge n e ration of ra w mat e ria ls su ch as jut e, w oo l, si lk and ra w mat e ria ls su ch as jut e, w oo l, si lk and cotton to g r e at e r va lu e add e d g oods su ch as cotton to g r e at e r va lu e add e d g oods su ch as r e

ad y

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nt t ype s of man mad e or natura l fi be rs .t ype s of man mad e or natura l fi be rs .

Food P ro ce ssin g I ndustr yFood P ro ce ssin g I ndustr y: I n t e rms of gl o b a l: I n t e rms of gl o b a lfood b usin e ss , I ndia a cc ounts le ss t h an 1.5%food b usin e ss , I ndia a cc ounts le ss t h an 1.5%ins p it e of be in g on e of t he key food p rodu c in gins p it e of be in g on e of t he key food p rodu c in gnations w or ld w id e. B ut t h is on t he ot he r h and nations w or ld w id e. B ut t h is on t he ot he r h and a lso indi cat e s t he e normous p ossi b i liti e s for t hea lso indi cat e s t he e normous p ossi b i liti e s for t heg ro w t h of t h is industr y.g ro w t h of t h is industr y.


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Software IndustrySoftware Industry : Software Industry: Software Industryregistered a massive expansion in the last 10registered a massive expansion in the last 10years. This industry signifies India's position asyears. This industry signifies India's position asthe knowledge based economy with athe knowledge based economy with aCompounded A nnual Growth Rate (C A GR) ofCompounded A nnual Growth Rate (C A GR) of42.3%.42.3%.

Mining IndustryMining Industry : The G D P contribution of the: The G D P contribution of themining industry varies from 2.2% to 2/5% onlymining industry varies from 2.2% to 2/5% onlybut going by the G D P of the total industrial sectorbut going by the G D P of the total industrial sectorit contributes around 10% to 11%.it contributes around 10% to 11%.


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yy Petroleum IndustryPetroleum Industry :: Petroleum industry started itsPetroleum industry started itsoperations in the year 1867 and is considered as theoperations in the year 1867 and is considered as theoldest Indian industry. India is one of the mostoldest Indian industry. India is one of the most

flourishing oil markets in the world and in the last fewflourishing oil markets in the world and in the last fewdecades has witnessed the expansion of top nationaldecades has witnessed the expansion of top nationalcompanies like ONGC, HPCL, BPCL and IOCcompanies like ONGC, HPCL, BPCL and IOC ..

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Presentation on Indian Indus