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HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
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Presentation Contents• Unpaved Roads• Paved Roads • Shoulders• Horizontal Alignment, • Surface Regularity of Pavement• Asphalt• Porous Asphalt• Stone Mastic Asphalt• Gap Graded Asphalt
A level of horizontal surface which is made from native materials of the land surface.
Unpaved Road---
1. Definition
Are the simplest (Low Volume Roads) and generally consist of parallel rust, separated by vegetation delineating a rural access rout.
These Tracks are not Engineered Impassable during or after wet weather condition. Carries less than five vehicles per day.
1.1.1 Earth Tracks---Definition
Are classified as those which no-imported gravel is used. The in-situ material is cleared of vegetation and lightly compacted. Periodic maintenance should be applied.
1.1.2 Earth Roads---Definition
Have a designed layer of imported materials. Typically constructed to a specific standard. Provide all weather surfaces. Vertical and horizontal alignment is based on a specific standard. Regular maintenance is carried out.
1.1.3 Gravel Roads---Definition
The Durable surface material, laid down on an area intended to sustain vehacular or traffic.
Paved Road---
1. Definition
Paved Road in Romania
1.1.1. Unbound Roads---
Course and Fine Aggregate, Crushed hard rock, Free from sand and dust
Well graded
Sand, gravel & crushed aggregate Free from organic matter
Well graded
1. Crushed Aggregate (Crushed Rock & gravel, Hard, Clean Durable) 2. Wet mixed Road-base (Crushed Rock & gravel, Hard, Clean Durable)
Aggregate Fine & Course, Mineral Filler, Bituminous material
Aggregate Fine & Course, Mineral Filler, Bituminous material
Prime-Coat
Drainage
Sub-Base
Road-Base
Surfacing
Binder
Tack-Coat
Wearing
Cut-back Bitumen of the grade MC-70
Rapid-setting, Cationic bitumen, Grade RS-1K
1.1.2. Bound Roads---
Course and Fine Aggregate, Crushed hard rock, Free from sand and dust
Well graded
Sand, gravel & crushed aggregate Free from organic matter
Well graded
1. Bituminous Road Base (Aggregate Fine & Course, Mineral Filler, Bituminous material )
2. Cement Treated Base (Water, Cement & Aggregate)
Aggregate Fine & Course, Mineral Filler, Bituminous material
Aggregate Fine & Course, Mineral Filler, Bituminous material
Prime-Coat
Drainage
Sub-Base
Road-Base
Surfacing
Binder
Tack-Coat
Wearing
Cut-back Bitumen of the grade MC-70
Rapid-setting, Cationic bitumen, Grade RS-1K
Bound Unbound
High Traffic Flow Low Traffic Flow
Costly Economical
Bound and Unbound Road---2. Usage And Comparison
Shoulders---Definition
Is a the portion of the road way contiguous with the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use and for lateral support of base and surface courses.
Road Shoulder
Plus Highway, Malaysia
Surface Regularity ---Description• Important quality of a screened or floor surface which is often
describes as a measure of waviness of the road surface.• International Roughness Index (IRI) is used.• Shall be measured before opening to the traffic
Straight segment of road ways (Tangent) Connected to suitable curves (horizontal curves).
Measured from middle of the road.
Horizontal Alignment---Description
Surface Course (Asphalt)---Description• Any of various dark colored solid bituminous substances native in
various areas of the earth and composed mainly half hydro carbon mixtures
Surface Course
Porous Asphalt
Stone Mastic Asphalt
Gap Graded Asphalt
Hot in-Place Recycling
Cold In-Place Recycling
Polymer Modified Asphaltic Concrete
Surface Course (Asphalt)---Types
Porous asphalt is a special-purpose wearing course. It is produced using open-graded aggregate mixed with polymer-modified binders and contains a relatively high and interconnected air voids after compaction
Porous Asphalt---Description
Coarse & fine Aggregate Mineral Filler Bituminous Binder Tack Coat
Porous Asphalt---Materials
---Benefits Improved skid resistance at high speeds, especially during wet
weather. Reduced hydroplaning effects. Reduced splash and spray. Reduced headlight reflection and glare on wet pavement surface. Reduced rolling tyre noise levels.
Stone mastic asphalt or SMA is a polymer modified hot bituminous mixture with a large proportion of coarse aggregate and rich bitumen-filler mastic.
Stone Mastic Asphalt---Description
Coarse & fine Aggregate Mineral Filler Bituminous Binder Stabilizing Agent
Stone Mastic Asphalt---Materials
---Benefits Provide Durable surfacing High resistance to rutting Good skid resistance
Gap Graded Polymer Asphalt is used by many developed countries. It is a wearing course containing polymer modified bitumen and made up of 100 percent crushed aggregates.
Gap-Graded Asphalt---Description
Coarse & fine Aggregate Mineral Filler Bituminous Binder
Gap-Graded Asphalt---Materials
---Benefits Durable Strength and safety of driving surface in dry or wet weather The mix is suitable to solve cracking and deformation
problem High Skid resistance
Porous Asphalt Stone Mastic Asphalt Gap-Graded Asphalt
Parking Loats High Stress AreasClimbing Lanes/ where excessive axial loads are expected
High Stress AreasClimbing Lanes/where a high volume of heavy vehicles are considered
Drive Ways
Side Walks
Bike Paths
Playgrounds
Tennis Courts
If Proper Maintenance Min 20years life
Comparison Of Surface Course---Application and Usage Comparison