Presentation e-Learning Basics

Presentation e-Learning Basics

Author: Mary Frentzou

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1. History of e-Learning • In the 1840s Isaac Pitman decided to start a distance

shorthand course via correspondence• In the early 1920s Sidney Pressey, who realized that

the procedure in mastery of drill and informational material were in many instances simple and definite enough to permit handling of much routine teaching by mechanical means, developed a machine to provide drill and practice items to students in his introductory courses.

• Pressey’s functionality is widely used in online systems like Questionmark Perception where testing and assessment can be perfectly done in an automated way.

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1. History of e-Learning • World War II created an enormous

instructional problem - thousands of new recruits had to be trained rapidly, thus the new media technology became dominant and widely used.

• During the 1950s Skinner presented the learning content in small, related chunks of information. His theory “ Programmed Instruction” is popular when it comes to (digital) self study courses.

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1. History of e-Learning • The first personal computer (the Altair 880

in 1975) was quickly followed by the Apple II and the IBM PC. With the Apple and the IBM, the computer was reliable enough to be used for didactical purposes.

• Computers were used to make the current, existing teaching tasks easier to perform. They were a helpful addition to the teaching tools of some teachers, especially those with some technical skills, who started programming their own educational programs.

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1. History of e-Learning • At the end of the 90s the learning management systems

(LMS) were used. Some universities started to design and develop their own systems but most of the educational institutions started with systems off the market.

• In October 1999, the word e-Learning was used for the first time as a term refering to learning based on the use of ICT, allowing access to online, interactive and sometimes personalized formal and informal learning and training through the Internet or other electronic media while the process of learning is independent from time and the place of the instructor and the learner.

• In nowadays it is synonymous to distance courses.

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2. Characteristics of e-Learning• Blended learning - can result in radical improvements in the

effectiveness, reach and cost-effectiveness of learning programs relative to traditional approaches.

• Multimedia - enables content presentation in several ways,

every representation form having it's own advantages and disadvantages. The chosen form of representation should be related to the expected learning output.  

• Delivery -content can be delivered by many different means choice of delivery tools and be related to different variables (target group, learning objectives, budget, infrastructure, learners’ prior knowledge).

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2. Characteristics of e-Learning In blended learning the learner will have a

challenging environment. If the ways the content is offered are varied, different learning preferences and learning styles can be addressed. Some ideas :

• offline and online activities• synchronous and asynchronous activities • different multi media assets• different didactical interactions• different ways of delivering the content• selfstudy and collaborative learning• formal and informal learning

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2. Characteristics of e-Learning

Different Multimedia formats of representation forms:

Text Pictures Animations Audio Video

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2. Characteristics of e-Learning Some different tools of delivery:

Web browser PDA Paper Mobile phone iPod PlayStation Portable podcast

Some different delivering options: online or offline electronic format or non-electronic format connected or stand-alone

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3. Didactical models

The three main models didactical models of Learning are integrated in the way we look at e-Learning.

• Behaviourism.• Cognitivism.• Constructivism.

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3. Didactical models• Behaviourism: focuses on the results of learning, not the process

itself. A strong element of behaviourism is positive and negative feedback, which can condition the learner (reinforcement). A result of this attitude of learning is the de-contextualizing of Behaviourism can be easily combined with computer aided learning. The first e-Learning lessons were mostly labelled as 'Drill-and-practice'.  

• Cognitivism: focuses on the way we are learning, not only at the outcome of the learning process. It is about: collecting, adapting and integrating information. Techniques like mind mapping are used to anchor the information. It is based on the idea that the process of learning is comparable with the way a computer is working. Words like short term memory, long term memory and stimuli are often used by cognitivists.

• Constructivism: Learners construct new ideas, structures, models and concepts and connect them to their prior knowledge and mental models. These instructional experiences must be structured so that learners can easily adapt the information. The learner plays an active role and learning is goal-oriented.

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4. Ideas about use of e-Learning

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4. Ideas about use of e-Learning

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SUCCESs!

The Fe-ConE team