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Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

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Page 1: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 2: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience, Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, School Of Medicine, Shahid Beheshty University Of Medical Sciences

Page 3: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Cervical (C) - Neck

(C1-8)

Thoracic (T) - Chest

(T1-12)

Lumbar (L) - Back

(L1-5)

Sacral (S) - Pelvis

(S1-5)

Coxygeal

Spinal cord segments, nerves and vertebrae

Vertebra

Spinal segment

Spinal root

Page 4: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 5: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 6: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

مننژ

عنکبوتیه

نرم شامه

سخت شامه

Page 7: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 8: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Spinal Cord

• anterior root:

- motor

• posterior root:

- sensory

Law of

Bell-Magendie

Page 9: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

رباط دندانه ایی

Page 10: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

هسته های ماده خاکستری نخاع

Page 11: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

راههای نخاعی

راههای صعودی ، راههای نزولی و راههای بین سگمانی: راههای نخاعی•

تریور انتریور اسپینوتالامیک، لترال اسپینوتالامیک، پوس:راههای صعودی•

ینورتیکولار، فانیکولوس، انتریور اسپینوسربلار، پوستریور اسپینوسربلار، اسپ

اسپینو تکتال، اسپینواولیواری

ر، کورتیکواسپاینال لترال ، کورتیکو اسپاینال انتریو:راههای نزولی•

الروبرواسپاینال، وستیبولواسپاینال، اولیوواسپاینال، رتیکولواسپاین

Page 12: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 13: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 14: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

DRG (dorsal root ganglion) neuron

pseudounipolar cell

peripheral

process

central

process

telodendron

cell body

in DRG

Page 15: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

(حس لمس خفیف)انتریور اسپینوتالامیک

Page 16: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 17: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

اسپینوتالامیک لترال (حس درد و حرارت )

Page 18: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

لترال اسپینو تالامیک

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Dorsal

Dorsal

Ventral

Ventral

Sacral

Lumbar

Thoracic

Cervical

Page 19: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 20: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 21: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

تالاموس

تشکیلات رتیکولار

Page 22: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

درد سریع درد آهسته

Page 23: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

G C

G C

Gracile N.

Cuneatus N.

IAFMedial lemeniscus

مسیر ستون خلفی

،فشار حس لمس دقیق ،

ارتعاش و لوکالیزاسیون

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Sacral

Lumbar

Thoracic

Cervical

Medulla

Page 24: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 25: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 26: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 27: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 28: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 29: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

تریجمینوتالامیکمسیر

Page 30: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

&پوستریور اسپینو سربلار

کونئوسربلار

انتریور اسپینوسربلارهسته کونئاتوس فرعی

Sacral

Lumbar

Thoracic

Cervical

Medulla

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Ventral

Dorsal

Page 31: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 32: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Posterior Column

Ataxia

Friedreich's ataxia

Page 33: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

upper motor neuronUMN

SOMATIC MOTOR SYSTEM

lower motor neuron

LMN

Brain Stem Descending

Pathway

Final Common Pathway

EFFECTORSskeletal muscle

Pyramidal Tract

VOLUNTARYCONTROL

AUTOMATIC CONTROL

Rubrospinal TractTectospinal TractVestibulospinal TractMLFReticulospinal Tract

REFLEX

Page 34: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

cortico spinal tractمسیر کورتیکو اسپاینال

Page 35: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Internal Capsule

Page 36: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

مغز میانی

پل مغزی

بصل النخاع

نالمسیر کورتیکو اسپای

تقاطع پیرامیدال

Page 37: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 38: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 39: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience
Page 40: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

علامت بابینسکی–آسیب به مسیر کورتیکو اسپاینال

Page 41: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Vestibulospinal Tract

Page 42: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Reticulospinal Tract

Page 43: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

dorolateralpathway

مسیر تکتواسپاینال مسیر روبرواسپاینال

هسته قرمزهسته های تکتال

ventromedialpathway

Page 44: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Decorticate sign

Decerebrate sign

Page 45: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Brown-Séquard syndrome

Page 46: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Spinal Cord Syndrome

Brown-Sequard syndrome

(spinal cord hemisection)

Major Symptoms

1. ipsilateral UMN syndrome below the level of lesion

2. ipsilateral LMN syndrome at the level of lesion

3. ipsilateral loss of discriminative touch sensation and

conscious proprioception below the level of lesion

(posterior white column lesion)

4. contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation

below the level of lesion (spinothalamic tract lesion)

Page 47: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) vs Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) Syndrome

UMN syndrome LMN Syndrome

Type of Paralysis Spastic Paresis Flaccid Paralysis

Atrophy No (Disuse) Atrophy Severe Atrophy

Deep Tendon Reflex Increase Absent DTR

Pathological Reflex Positive Babinski Sign Absent

Superficial Reflex Absent Present

Page 48: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Locked-in syndrome

Page 49: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

LMN Syndrome - Muscular Atrophy

Page 50: Presentation by: Abbas Aliaghaei, Ph.D. of Neuroscience

Guilan, Eshkevar