PRESENTATION

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

Form 10Form 10

Стецук Т. Е.Стецук Т. Е.


Holidays & Holidays & CelebrationsCelebrations


American HolidaysAmerican Holidays

• is an introductory survey of the historical and is an introductory survey of the historical and social background of American holidays. social background of American holidays. People in every culture celebrate holidays. People in every culture celebrate holidays. Although the word "holiday" literally means "holy Although the word "holiday" literally means "holy day," most American holidays are not religious, day," most American holidays are not religious, but commemorative in nature and origin. Because but commemorative in nature and origin. Because the nation is blessed with rich ethnic heritage it is the nation is blessed with rich ethnic heritage it is possible to trace some of the American holidays possible to trace some of the American holidays to diverse cultural sources and traditions, but all to diverse cultural sources and traditions, but all holidays have taken on a distinctively American holidays have taken on a distinctively American flavor. In the United States, the word "holiday" is flavor. In the United States, the word "holiday" is synonymous with "celebration! " synonymous with "celebration! "


• In 1971, the dates of many federal holidays were officially In 1971, the dates of many federal holidays were officially moved to the nearest Monday by then-President Richard moved to the nearest Monday by then-President Richard Nixon. There are five holidays which are not necessarily Nixon. There are five holidays which are not necessarily celebrated on Mondays: Thanksgiving Day, Veterans Day, celebrated on Mondays: Thanksgiving Day, Veterans Day, New Year's Day, Independence Day and Christmas Day. New Year's Day, Independence Day and Christmas Day. When New Year's Day, Independence Day, or Christmas When New Year's Day, Independence Day, or Christmas Day falls on a Sunday, the next day is also a holiday. When Day falls on a Sunday, the next day is also a holiday. When one of these holidays falls on a Saturday, the previous day one of these holidays falls on a Saturday, the previous day is also a holiday. Federal government offices, including the is also a holiday. Federal government offices, including the post office, are always closed on all federal holidays. post office, are always closed on all federal holidays. Schools and businesses close on major holidays like Schools and businesses close on major holidays like Independence Day and Christmas Day but may not always Independence Day and Christmas Day but may not always be closed, for example, on President's Day or Veterans Day. be closed, for example, on President's Day or Veterans Day.


Washington's Birthday Washington's Birthday

(Presidents'Day) (Presidents'Day)

According to the federal government, the holiday observed on the third Monday According to the federal government, the holiday observed on the third Monday in February is officially Washington's Birthday. But many Americans believe in February is officially Washington's Birthday. But many Americans believe that this holiday is now called "Presidents' Day," in honor of both Presidents that this holiday is now called "Presidents' Day," in honor of both Presidents Washington and Lincoln, whose birthdays are Feb. 22 and Feb. 12, Washington and Lincoln, whose birthdays are Feb. 22 and Feb. 12, respectively respectively

In 1968, Congress passed the Monday Holidays Act, which moved the official In 1968, Congress passed the Monday Holidays Act, which moved the official observance of Washington's birthday from Feb. 22 to the third Monday in observance of Washington's birthday from Feb. 22 to the third Monday in February. Some reformers had wanted to change the name of the holiday as February. Some reformers had wanted to change the name of the holiday as well, to Presidents' Day, in honor of both Lincoln and Washington, but that well, to Presidents' Day, in honor of both Lincoln and Washington, but that proposal was rejected by Congress, and the holiday remained officially proposal was rejected by Congress, and the holiday remained officially Washington's Birthday. The misconceptions and confusions surrounding this Washington's Birthday. The misconceptions and confusions surrounding this holiday are explained in a two part article titled "By George, IT IS holiday are explained in a two part article titled "By George, IT IS Washington's Birthday!" in Prologue, Winter 2004, a publication of the Washington's Birthday!" in Prologue, Winter 2004, a publication of the National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration.


Columbus DayColumbus Day

• This day commemorates Italian navigator Christopher Columbus' This day commemorates Italian navigator Christopher Columbus' landing in the New World on October 12, 1492. Most nations of the landing in the New World on October 12, 1492. Most nations of the Americas observe this holiday on October 12, but in the United Americas observe this holiday on October 12, but in the United States, annual observances take place on the second Monday in States, annual observances take place on the second Monday in October. The major celebration of the day takes place in New York October. The major celebration of the day takes place in New York City, which holds a huge parade each year. City, which holds a huge parade each year.


Columbus DayColumbus Day

• Columbus Day is the annual U.S. commemoration of explorer Columbus Day is the annual U.S. commemoration of explorer Christopher Columbus' landing in the New World (at San Salvador Christopher Columbus' landing in the New World (at San Salvador Island, also known as Waitling Island, today part of the British Island, also known as Waitling Island, today part of the British Bahamas) on October 12, 1492. Columbus was not the first Bahamas) on October 12, 1492. Columbus was not the first European successfully to cross the Atlantic. Viking sailors are European successfully to cross the Atlantic. Viking sailors are believed to have established a short-lived settlement in believed to have established a short-lived settlement in Newfoundland sometime in the 11th century, and scholars have Newfoundland sometime in the 11th century, and scholars have argued for a number of other possible pre-Columbian landings. argued for a number of other possible pre-Columbian landings. Columbus, however, initiated the lasting encounter between Columbus, however, initiated the lasting encounter between Europeans and the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere.Europeans and the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere.A number of nations celebrate this encounter with annual holidays: A number of nations celebrate this encounter with annual holidays: Discovery Day in the Bahamas, Hispanic Day in Spain, and Día de Discovery Day in the Bahamas, Hispanic Day in Spain, and Día de la Raza in much of Latin America. In 1971, Congress moved the la Raza in much of Latin America. In 1971, Congress moved the U.S. holiday from October 12 to the second Monday in October, to U.S. holiday from October 12 to the second Monday in October, to afford workers a long holiday weekend. In the United States, afford workers a long holiday weekend. In the United States, Columbus Day is typically a celebration of Italian and Italian-Columbus Day is typically a celebration of Italian and Italian-American cultural heritage, Columbus generally being considered a American cultural heritage, Columbus generally being considered a native of Genoa. native of Genoa. (Washington File, October 11, 2007.)(Washington File, October 11, 2007.)


ThanksgivingThanksgiving dayday

• Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November, but many Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November, but many Americans take a day of vacation on the following Friday to make Americans take a day of vacation on the following Friday to make a four-day weekend, during which they may travel long distances a four-day weekend, during which they may travel long distances to visit family and friends. to visit family and friends. The holiday dates back to 1621, the The holiday dates back to 1621, the year after the Puritans arrived in Massachusetts, year after the Puritans arrived in Massachusetts, determined to practice their dissenting religion without determined to practice their dissenting religion without interference. After a rough winter, in which about half of interference. After a rough winter, in which about half of them died, they turned for help to neighboring Indians, who them died, they turned for help to neighboring Indians, who taught them how to plant corn and other crops. The next taught them how to plant corn and other crops. The next fall's bountiful harvest inspired the Pilgrims to give thanks fall's bountiful harvest inspired the Pilgrims to give thanks by holding a feast. by holding a feast.


Thanksgiving feastThanksgiving feast

• The Thanksgiving feast became a national tradition - not only The Thanksgiving feast became a national tradition - not only because so many other Americans have found prosperity but also because so many other Americans have found prosperity but also because the Pilgrims' sacrifices for their freedom still captivate the because the Pilgrims' sacrifices for their freedom still captivate the imagination. To this day, Thanksgiving dinner almost always imagination. To this day, Thanksgiving dinner almost always includes some of the foods served at the first feast: roast turkey, includes some of the foods served at the first feast: roast turkey, cranberry sauce, potatoes, pumpkin pie. Before the meal begins, cranberry sauce, potatoes, pumpkin pie. Before the meal begins, families or friends usually pause to give thanks for their blessings, families or friends usually pause to give thanks for their blessings, including the joy of being united for the occasion. including the joy of being united for the occasion.


ChristmasChristmas


ChristmasChristmas

• Christmas is a most important religious holy day for Christians, who attend Christmas is a most important religious holy day for Christians, who attend special church services to celebrate the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. special church services to celebrate the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Christmas is not only a religious holy day, but became one of the first Christmas is not only a religious holy day, but became one of the first federal holidays in 1870. On this day most businesses and offices remain federal holidays in 1870. On this day most businesses and offices remain closed and the greatest possible number of workers, including government closed and the greatest possible number of workers, including government employees, have the day off. Many places even close early on the day employees, have the day off. Many places even close early on the day before. Naturally Christians observe Christmas according to the traditions before. Naturally Christians observe Christmas according to the traditions of their particular church. Besides the strictly religious traditions, however, of their particular church. Besides the strictly religious traditions, however, other common Christmas practices are observed by people who are not other common Christmas practices are observed by people who are not religious or who are not Christian. In this way, some Christmas traditions religious or who are not Christian. In this way, some Christmas traditions have become American traditions. The decorating of homes for Christmas have become American traditions. The decorating of homes for Christmas is very common. Most American who observe Christmas have a Christmas is very common. Most American who observe Christmas have a Christmas tree in their homes. This may be a real evergreen tree or an artificial one. tree in their homes. This may be a real evergreen tree or an artificial one. In either case, the tree is decorated and trimmed with small lights and In either case, the tree is decorated and trimmed with small lights and ornaments. Other decorations such as lights and wreaths of evergreen and ornaments. Other decorations such as lights and wreaths of evergreen and signs wishing a "Merry Christmas" can be found inside and outside of signs wishing a "Merry Christmas" can be found inside and outside of many homes. many homes.


HalloweenHalloween

• Halloween, the last day of October, has a special significance for Halloween, the last day of October, has a special significance for children, who dress in funny or ghostly costumes and knock on children, who dress in funny or ghostly costumes and knock on neighborhood doors shouting "Trick or Treat!" Pirates and neighborhood doors shouting "Trick or Treat!" Pirates and princesses, ghosts and witches all hold bags open to catch the princesses, ghosts and witches all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in.

Since the 800's November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints' Day. The Mass that was said on this day was called Allhallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hallow e'en, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs.


• This holiday, which always is observed on the first Monday This holiday, which always is observed on the first Monday of September has been a federal holiday since 1894, but of September has been a federal holiday since 1894, but was observed in some places before that day as a result of was observed in some places before that day as a result of a campaign by an early organization of workers called the a campaign by an early organization of workers called the Knights of Labor. Its purpose is to honor the nation's Knights of Labor. Its purpose is to honor the nation's working people. In many cities the day is marked by working people. In many cities the day is marked by parades of working people representing the labor unions. parades of working people representing the labor unions. Most Americans consider Labor Day the end of the summer, Most Americans consider Labor Day the end of the summer, and the beaches and other popular resort areas are packed and the beaches and other popular resort areas are packed with people enjoying one last three-day weekend. For many with people enjoying one last three-day weekend. For many students it marks the opening of the school year. students it marks the opening of the school year.


Documents

PRESENTATION