Presentation - 16-02-11 as presented

8/6/2019 Presentation - 16-02-11 as presented

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Introduction of MyselfDominic Clyde-Smith

From Jersey, a British island of the coast of France

BEng Environmental Engineering at Cardiff

MPhil Sustainable Development at Cambridge

5 yearsin built environment Specialized in UrbanSustainableDevelopment

Currently undertaken a EngineeringDoctorateat UCL

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL & GEOMATIC ENGINEERING


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Outline of Presentation

1. Overview

2. Sustainability

3. Development of the concept

4. Markets

5. Case studies6. Methodology

7. Summary



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Overview


We never know the worth of water till the well is dry

Thomas Fuller, Gnomologia, 1732

Current and future ecological services and

engineering in the development ofurban greeninfrastructure to mitigate the global water issue


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Sustainability

What needs to be sustained


Nature : Earth, Biodiversity and Ecosystem

LifeSupport : Ecosystem Services, Resource and

Environment

Society : Cultures, Groups, Places and Population

(National Research Council 2000)


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SustainabilityWhat needs to be developed


People : Child Survival, Life Expectancy, Education,

Equity and Equal Opportunity

Economy :Wealth, Productivity and Consumption

Society : Institutions, Life Support and Community

(National Research Council 2000)


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SustainabilitySustainable Development so Far


Over the past 30 years we have seen positive

development in the developing world

This positive development has been at the cost to

what needs to be sustained Development is based on wasteful and energy

intensivestandards for the minority


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UrbanisationMigration


Cities offer economicalopportunities Countryside cant compete

Concentration of population, higherdensity

Cities are notnatural

Have excessive resources demands that outstrip what

the ecosystem services can provide


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Urbanization


Population 1950

Urban

Countryside

Population 2030

Urban

Countryside


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Water Crisis Water is the UniversalSolvent, the life blood of the

city

The metabolism of all living things is sustainedby

water

Water has a fundamental role in agriculture, energy,

health, biodiversity and ecosystem Current use is linear

Virtual Watersees the exportation of water resources



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Water CrisisChina

Chinas per capita annual Water Footprint hasincreased from below 300 m3 in 1960s to 868 m3 in

2003

Increase in consumption linked to economic

prosperity

An Urbanizing population

40 billion m2 of new floor space by 2020 (WBCD2010)



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Linear System of CityWater



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Sustainable SystemCircular Metabolism


Nature is a system ofCircular Metabolism It supplies life material requirements

It removes waste

It provides life support system

It is a closed loop system


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The Problem and the SolutionThe Problem

The Urban environment cannot provide these basic

needs

Dependent on Ecologicalservices from the country

side Through the importation of

food, water, energy, minerals



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The Problem and the SolutionSolutions

People have migrated from the countryside

The Ecological Services of the countryside need to be

imported into the city



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Natural SystemSolutions

Impurities in water are treated by microorgisms

They change organic waste to inorganic

Macrophytes and algae uptake - these inorganics as

nutrients Converting the nutrients into biomass

In return,Macrophytes and algae produce oxygen



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Rhizomes

WastewaterFlow

Hydraulic Barrier

UptakeofN & P

CO2

H2O

Nitrogen Gas

Microbiotic

O2

Biomass

How Nature Treats WaterWetlands



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How Nature Treats WaterPhotobioponds



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EngineeringBio-Wall

Modular

Concrete Sprayed polystyrene

Polystyrene Green Guide ARated

Insulator tor



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Engineered SolutionLunch Wall



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On BuildingsAddition Benefits

VerticalUrbanFarm

ThermalInsulation

SolarShading

Social Benefits Air Quality



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On Buildings



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Engineered SolutionAlgae PhotoBioReactors



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Market DriversBuilding Regulation

BREEAM

and Code for Sustainable (CSH

)H

omesrequire to be Zero Carbonand a significant reduction

inwater use by 2016.

Ecologicalfootprintof building also has substantial

implication. Credits given for flood mitgation

Credits given for innovation



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Market DriversUrban Farming

Food Security. Poverty Alleviation

Public Health

FoodMiles

Virtual Water

Sustainable ResourceManagement



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Case Study 1: Dog And DuckBackground

Typical Building Stock

Worst case

Based in Central London

Legislation to reduce footprint Carbon Reduction Commitment



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Case Study 1: Dog and DuckOpportunity



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Case Study 1: Dog and DuckSolution


Local FoodWaste

Cuttings

Green

Wall

CO2 Light

Algae

Dry Algae

Nutrient

PBRBiomass

CH4

CHPUnit

AD

Energy Centre

PV

Heat

Electricity

Consumption

Dog & Duck

Waste

Water

Algae


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Case Study 1: Dog and DuckSolution



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Case Study 2: Urban FarmBackground

Just outside the

City of London

Education Center

Grow local food

Small Animal

Stock



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Case Study 2: Urban Farm



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Case Study 2: Urban FarmOpportunity


Tap Water Aquaponics Hydroponics


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Methodology


Engineering Criteria

Stress test species

Build Prototype

Build full scale Prototype


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Conclusion and Summary The Human Population is becoming an UrbanSpices

Cities have displaced the EcologicalServicesthat

support them

EcologicalSystemoffers a possible answer

Hydroponics and PBR offerer engineering solutions

Growing Environmentallegislationcreating newmarket opportunities

This will provide multiple ofAdditional Benefits



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References

National Research Council 2000 Our Common Journey a Transition TowardsSustainability Washington, National Academy Press,

WBCSD 2010 Chinas Green Race is Off to a Good Start Sustain



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Documents

Presentation - 16-02-11 as presented