Upload
tomy-risqi
View
62
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Role of Social Capital to Strengthen
Community Based Organization in
Indonesia
Study Case: PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan
(Urban Poverty Reduction Programme)Tomy Risqi
9/9/20141
Social Capital and CBOs
CBOs :• commonly known as community organizations• part of civil society and non profit• operate within a single local community• subset of the wider group of nonprofits• often run on a voluntary basis• are self funded• has many variations in terms of size and organizational
structure.• Some are formally incorporated, with a written
constitution and a board of directors (also known as acommittee), while others are much smaller and aremore informal
CBOs are qualified when they are able to maintain socialcapital to contribute to their work to improve community life
9/9/20142
Ecological Level of Social Capital
1. Micro trust among individuals and social connections andparticipation
2. Mezzo-community trust on CBOs ; community participation inprograms and project; community mobilization
3. Macro-trust across organization with common ties (coalition);linkage with larger society; new resources brought to community,mobilization across to community (Alejandro Molina, Technologist,Educator, Activist at Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos High School on Jul26, 2009)
9/9/20143
1. Associated with better overall health (Rose, 2000; Wilkinson, 1996,
1997)
2. Recognizes the importance of informal social interactions as having
potential to engender trust and to communicate and enforce norms.
(Putnam, 1995)
3. Makes group action possible e.g. facilitates coordinated action
among individuals. (Coleman, 1990; Putnam, Leonardi & Nanetti,
1993)
4. Social entrepreneurship is non profit activities to stimulate, energize
and encourage communities better (Gregory Dees ; 2012, Jim Ife
2007)
5. Social entrepreneurs (also known as community development) are
volunteer which organize entrepreneurship activities in communities
The Importance of Social Capital : correlate with Social Entrepreneur
9/9/20144
The Role of CBOs and CSO in
development
States increasingly support CBOs and CSOs who are taking on welfare roles for which they were initially responsible. Many states rely on service-oriented NGOs to deliver services faster, more efficiently, and in greater numbers to “local” community members.
Putnam and Fukuyama articulate their understandings of how, more precisely, the density of associational life in civil society leads to enhanced democratic participation and economic well-being
9/9/20145
Social Entrepreneur in Indonesia 1
Indonesia hasn’t had social entrepreneurship policy and regulation
Social entrepreneurship appears and grows up within communities
National Development Midterm Plan (RPJMN) 2010-2015 and NDMP draft 2015-2019 only mentions innovation in economic aspect
Since 2010, Indonesia establish National Innovation Committee under President task force till now
Social entrepreneur similar with CSR in corporation level. Indonesia regulate CSR; in UU No.40 tahun 2007 about profit company
CSR practices is being scaled up to support the achievement national development Including Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Government have been synchronizing CSR policy related to national development plan, implementation and reporting
9/9/20146
Social Entrepreneur in Indonesia 2
GOI provide a lot of policy for Indonesian social
entrepreneurs even limited such as :
1. Develop volunteer community and network in several
National Program like PNPM Mandiri
2. Facilitate coalition with International institutions, multi
donor trust fund, NGO, academician, and corporation
like UNDP, ASEAN Community, Kopernik, GEPI etc)
One of the most largest entrepreneur forum is Global
Entrepreneurship Program Indonesia’s (GEPI)
ongoing commitment to support entrepreneurship
ecosystem including social enterprises with
outstanding social or environmental impact,
9/9/20147
National Innovation System OECD concept
version
9/9/20148
System innovation Influenced by some
factor
(Herawan 2010)
9/9/20149
Sosial Entrepreneurship Research
The research result; 140 people of 13 town in Indonesia said if PNPM Urban social activity involved existing volunteer/social worker (93,6%)
They worked in community as enabler base on social capital = solidarity, contribution, reciprocity and trust
Trust develop network volunteerism to organize working group among CBOs and partnership
Partnership with knowledge sharing improve social worker/entrepreneur ability; in innovation, creativity and vision
Social entrepreneur working in community development; helping a community to establish welfare (Jim ife; 1997 ; 53)
9/9/201410
Indicator of High Quality CBOs in social activities
developed by existing group/community (14%) which ability maintain social capital
Helping community; provide resources and initiatives to improve education, health care and income
Easy to mobilize contribution; in kind or in cash
Effective; target accuracy perception (97 %) , satisfactory (87%)
Linkage with larger society, get trust across organization with common ties (coalition), partnership and collaborate with Local Government (42,9%) , NGO (1,4%) and market (2,1%)
Partnership- shared knowledge will sharpen creativity and improve innovation which is an entrepreneurship basic concept; such as recycling product (modern waste reduction), batik (creative industry ), snack 9/9/201411
The Role of Social Capital to Strengthen/Fortify CBOs
Volunteerism
Entrepreneurship
Social Capital
Use Existing
institutionAssume loan as stimulant
Trust across organization
with common ties
Networking ability
High Quality CBOs
High
Qu
ality C
BO
s
Hig
h q
ual
ity
CB
Os
High Quality CBOs
9/9/201412
From Social Capital to Volunteer Network
Volunteer connect people in every CBOs and
communities and then make them connected become
CSOs
CSOs as voluntarism association, vibrant associational
life is necessary for a well-functioning democracy and
economy. (Larry Diamond)
In CSOs; Volunteer linkage CBOs with large society, get
trust across organization with common ties (coalition),
partnership and collaborate with Local Government and
market
9/9/201413
Volunteer and entrepreneurship
1. Volunteer Linkage among communities support development progress well and obtain development target precisely
2. Partnership between CBOs-LG will sharpen volunteer innovation and social entrepreneur creativity
3. Volunteer network which developed by PNPM Urban can institutionalized shared knowledge culture, problem solving communities issues, basic needs issues,
4. Volunteer competency as social worker and local community development will improve to scale up social entrepreneurship widely
9/9/201414
9/9/201415