Presentasi Kapsel Asli

8/10/2019 Presentasi Kapsel Asli

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Nur Azirah Arif & J. Mohd-Azlan.

Department of Zoology, FacultyOf Resource Science and

Technology, UniversitiMalaysia.Research Institue for The

Environment and Livelihoods,Charles Darwin University,

Darwin NT 0909, Australia

Diversity of Birds Captured byMist-netting In The Understoreyof Gunung Gading National Park,

Sarawak, Borneo


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Zahra Novianty081114024)

Riris Damayanti081114025)

Ditya PutriSafitri

081114058)

Ayu Wedayanti081114063)

RobbykeOgistyawan F.

081114079)


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Borneo has some of the highest deforestation rates inthe world (Koh 2007).

Apart from logging and conversion to plantations, high

demand for agricultural land through the conversionof secondary forest has resulted in the isolation ofprimary forest remnants, which now mostly lie intotally protected areas in Sarawak (Mohd-Azlan &Lawes 2011a)

Introduction


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The protected areas of Sarawak now contain the best examples of what were once some of the most diverse and continuous maturerainforests in the world.

The state of Sarawak has one of the most extensive protected areanetworks in Malaysia, with 37 nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries,marine and national parks, and is the only line of defense in effortsto protect biodiversity and prevent regional extinction.

This network covers c.4.8% of of the states land surface area, but isconcentrated along the coast. However, the proposed expansion ofthe oil palm estate and plantations from 1 million to 2 million ha before 2020 will further change the surrounding landscape oftotally protected areas .

Introduction


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The alarming rate of forest fragmentation inBorneo has resulted in avian decline and localextinctions .

Such rapid landscape change in Sarawak mayhave altered species distribution patterns and,in turn, species assemblages, especially when

forest patch sizes fall below critical area limitsof species

Introduction


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Two bird surveys have been conducted in GunungGading National Park, Sarawak; Sreedharan(1998) mist-netted 27 bird species in the Park,

while Sodhi (2002) netted 35 species.The present study describes the species richness

and diversity of mist-netted birds in Gunung

Gading National Park


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Map showing Gunung Gading National Park(GGNP) and the approximate net locations

throughout the study period. Insert: Theapproximate location of GGNP in Sarawak


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1. Determine the diversity of bird inGunung Gading National Park, Sarawak,Borneo.

2. Determine birds that dominate in theGunung Gading National Park, Sarawak,Borneo.

3. Determine the diversity of birds incurrent study compare to previousstudies.

4. Determine birds that dominate in currentstudy compare to previous studies.

The Aim


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Gunung Gading National Park

14 non-consecutive sampling days(November 2011 to April 2012)

Used 10-20 mist-nets (2.5 m x 12 m x 36 mm mesh,poles height was about 5 m)

Deployed in the understorey at 300-500 mintervals long forest edges and accross smallstreams at sites in the park

Mist-nets set at least 0.5 m above theground

6 a.m to 6 p.m

Material and Methods


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Nets were checked every 2 hours

Measured

Identified

Banded

Released


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To compare the equitability of capture

occurrence with that of previous studiesShannons speciesdiversity index (H)

To compute the diversity index (H) PAST software

To calculate the upper and lower limits ofexpected species richness of the birds basedon the rate of accumulation of newlyrecorded bird species with survey effort

Estimates 8.2

To calculate sampling completeness of birds Completeness ratio = Number of species

observed/Estimated number of species

Completeness ratio orC based on Soberon et

al. (2000)



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Mist-net


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Result

Five species (13%) are legallyprotected inside the Parkunder the Sarawak Wild LifeProtection Ordinance, 1998,

though none is globallythreatened according to IUCN

Five (13%) of the species they captured areconsidered Vulnerable or Near Threatened

by IUCN (2012).

A total of 114 individuals of 38 species from 13families were captured during the 14 non-

consecutive sampling days at Gunung GadingNational Park .


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Comparison Table of mist net captureA= Current study

B= Sreedharan (1998)C= Sodhi (2012)

Conservation Status of BirdIUCN: VU (Vulnerable) NT (Near Threatened)

SWPO: P (Protected)


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The capture rate was 54 individuals/1000 net hours with a recapture rate of 17.5%. The number ofbirds netted per net per day was 0.046.

The least diverse families were Cuculidae and

Apodidae, each represented by a single speciesand individual. Passerines represent 84% of theoverall understory birds captured at their sites.

Shannons species diversity index (H) forunderstorey birds in this study was 3.18 .Thenumber of species captured increased until thelast day of sampling.The calculated completenessratio was 0.84, suggesting that a total of 45 birdspecies may be present.

Result


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Rufous-backed KingfisherCeyx ru f idorsa (7.0%)

Yellow-bellied BulbulAlophoixus phaeocephalus (8.8%)

Little SpiderhunterAr achnothera l ongirostra (19.3%)

Result


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Result


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16 bird species, contributing anadditional 26% to the list of birdscaptured by mist nets in GGNP Advantages

Failed to capture several speciesDisadvantage

Green Broadbill(Calyptomena vir idis )

Discussion


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1998

Sreedharan (1998)H=2.94

2002

Sodhi (2002)H=2.95

Present2011-2012

H=3.18

L ittle spiderhun ter

Discussion


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Babblers

More Babblers

than Bulbuls

22 individuals of9 species

Sreedharan(1998)

Sodhi(2002)

Discussion


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Five birds species listed by the IUCN (2012)

as threatened or Near-Threatened

Discussion

Large-billed Blue-flycatcher Cyornis

caerul atus (Vul nerable)Green Br oadbil l

Shor t-tai led BabblerM alacocincla malaccensis Sooty-capped Babbler

Grey-chested Jungle- f lycatcher (Near-

Threatened )


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Gunung Gading National Park isan isolated patch of primaryforest within a matrix ofcultivation and settlementsperched on an isolatedmountain massif within alandscape of low-lying land.

The topographical and ecologicalisolation of the Park suggeststhat its avifauna is vulnerable tothe effects of small area andsmall population size includingreduced gene flow chanceextinctions and long termfactors such as climate changeand habitat degradation .


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Bl ythipicus rubiginosusCymbirhynchusmacrorhynchos

Chal copaps indi ca

Prionochilus

maculatus

Stachyris poli ocephala


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1. Diversity index of the birds captured by mist-nett wasconsidered high (3.18)

2. The bird dominated in understorey were family

pynonotidae (9 species) and timaliidae (4 species)3. Diversity index in all study was considered high, butthe highest value was in current study (3.8), Sodhi(2002) was 2.95 and Sreedharan (1998) was 2.94

4. In the current study, Bulbul were dominated inunderstorey. On the other way, both of the previousstudy, Sodhi (2002) and Sreedharan (1998) Bablerswere dominated in understorey.


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Thank You

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