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Copyright © 2014
SCK•CEN
Present status of MYRRHA
and future developments
Didier De Bruyn /Bong Yoo
on behalf of the MYRRHA team (SCK•CEN, Mol Belgium)
[email protected]/[email protected]
SILER International Workshop
Rome, Italy, 24-25 September 2014
Copyright © 2014
SCK•CEN
Contents
Purpose of the MYRRHA project at SCK•CEN
Genesis & evolution of MYRRHA
Illustrations of current versions of
Accelerator
Primary system
Building design & plant layout
MYRRHA in the EC programmes
Revised planning & conclusions
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SCK•CEN
SCK•CEN: background
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1st pressurized
water reactor
(PWR) outside
USA (BR3)
World first
underground lab
for R&D on HL
waste disposal
(HADES)
World premiere
project for
transmutation of
nuclear waste
Innovative
nuclear fuel
(MOX fuel)
World first
lead based ADS
(GUINEVERE)
Highest
performing
material testing
reactor in Europe
(BR2)
Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie -
Centre d'Étude de l'énergie
Nucléaire
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA is a multipurpose facility
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Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications Waste
Fission GEN IV Fusion
Fundamental
research
Silicon
doping
Radio-
isotopes
50 to 100 MWth
FFast = ~1015 n/cm².s
(En>0.75 MeV)
F = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)
in medium-large volumes
Material research
FFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(En>1 MeV) in large volumes
Fuel research
Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s
Fth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
Fth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
High energy LINAC
600 MeV – 1 GeV
Long irradiation time
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SCK•CEN
Fission generates High-Level Nuclear Waste
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U235
n
Pu
Np
Am
Cm
Actinides Minor Actinides
Neutron
Uranium Fission
Fuel
U238
n
n
n
U235
U238
Plutonium Neptunium Americium Curium
Minor Actinides
high radiotoxicity long lived waste
that are difficult to store due to:
Long lived (>1,000 years)
Highly radiotoxic
Heat emitting
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SCK•CEN
The MYRRHA position within ESNII European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative
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2008 2012 2020
SFR
Supporting infrastructures, research facilities
Reference technology
Alternative technology
LFR
GFR
ASTRID
Prototype
(SFR)
MYRRHA ALFRED
(LFR)
ALLEGRO Experimental
reactor (GFR) MYRRHA
Fast spectrum irradiation facility
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SCK•CEN
The ESNII schedule
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SCK•CEN
What is an ADS?
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An Accelerator-Driven-System is:
a subcritical neutron multiplication assembly (nuclear reactor, keff<1),
driven by an external neutron source,
obtained through the spallation mechanism with high energy (~ 1GeV)
protons,
impinging on massive (high Z) target nuclei (Pb, Pb-Bi, W, Ta, U).
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA is an Accelerator Driven System
Accelerator
particles protons
beam energy 600 MeV
beam current 2.4 to 4 mA
mode CW
MTBF > 250 h
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Reactor
power ~85 MWth
keff 0.95
spectrum fast (flexible)
fuel 30 to 35% Pu MOX
coolant LBE
Target
main reaction spallation
output 2·1017 n/s
material LBE (coolant)
power 2.4 MW
Demonstrate the ADS concept
(coupling accelerator +
spallation source + power
reactor) at pre-indust. scale
Demonstrate Transmutation
(experimental fuel assemblies)
Fast neutron source:
multipurpose and flexible
irradiation facility
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SCK•CEN
Genesis of MYRRHA project
1995 – 1997: ADONIS
Coupling accelerator – target – subcritical core
Dedicated to production of 99Mo
Coolant = water, target = 235U, thermal spectrum
150 MeV, 1.5 MWth
1998 – 2005: MYRRHA “2005”
MTR for fuel & material research, feasibility of transmutation &
demonstration of ADS principle
Coolant & target = Pb-Bi, fast spectrum
350 MeV, 30 MWth (2002) 52 MWth (2005)
2005 – 2009: version XT-ADS (FP6 IP-EUROTRANS)
2009 – 2012: version FASTEF (FP7 CDT)
2013 – 2014: evolution of primary system & building + start of
external FEED contract
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The MYRRHA LINAC accelerator : Challenges
fundamental parameters (ADS)
particle p
beam energy 600 MeV
beam current 4 mA
mode CW
MTBF > 250 h
implementation
superconducting linac
frequency 176.1 / 352.2 / 704.4 MHz
reliability = redundancy double injector
“fault tolerant” scheme
failure = beam trip > 3 s
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The MYRRHA LINAC accelerator: Scheme
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The FASTEF version is a performing, rubust facility
Maximum core power amounts 100 MWth;
High fast flux intensity (1015 n/cm²s) obtained by maximizing
power density;
Many positions available in the core to host experiments;
All components in reactor vessel designed to be removable;
Diaphragm separates hot and cold coolant;
Safety analyses demonstrate robustness against transients.
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Basis for the most recent primary design
Core support plate in previous version already loaded up to the
limit without environmental degradation or irradiation effects;
Maximum 2 dpa for safety critical structural components;
Si doping installation needs higher flux than in foreseen location;
Reduction of Pu-enrichment from 35% to 30%, so more fuel
assemblies are necessary (from 69 to 105);
Higher burn up of this fuel;
Severe accidents considered (Fukushima consequence), so
additional emergency systems needed.
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Most recent design: view of reactor vessel & internals
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Most recent design: Diaphragm 1/2
Main dimensions
Outer diameter: 10 m
Height: 10.3 m
Bottom plate thickness: 80 mm
Top plate thickness: 80 mm
Shell thickness: 50/80 mm
Penetrations thickness 30/50 mm
PP&PHX collars thickness: 50 mm
Baffle thickness: 30 mm
Support flange thickness: 50 mm
Material : AISI 316L
Mass : About 320 t
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SCK•CEN
Most recent design: Diaphragm 2/2
CC: Core Cradle (1)
PP: Primary pump (2)
PHX: Primary Heat
Exchanger (4)
IVFHM: In vessel fuel
handling machine (2)
FTC: Fuel transfer channel
(2)
FFDD: Failed fuel
detection device (2)
LBEi: LBE inlet (2)
IVFSv: In vessel fuel
storage valve (4)
BPv: By-pass valve (12)
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Most recent design: Core Layout
Issue
Decrease fuel enrichment
Increase of fuel burnup
Requirement
Reduce barrel irradiation
to 2 dpa in 10 years
Result
211 positions
208 FA in critical core
55 MFC
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General plant layout
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Vertical section in the Reactor building
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radio-isotope handling
beam line
Reactor hall
Reactor vessel
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SCK•CEN
A potential artistic view, when constructed
BR2 reactor
(existing)
MYRRHA
reactor
building
MYRRHA LINAC
high energy tunnel
ECR source &
Injector Building
Utilities
buildings
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SCK•CEN
P&T inspired many Euratom FP projects that were/are beneficial to MYRRHA
TOPIC FP5 FP6 FP7
Coupling MUSE DM2 ECATS FREYA
Fuels FUTURE DM3 AFTRA FAIRFUELS
Materials MEGAPIE DM4 DEMETRA
MATTER
SPIRE, TECLA GETMAT
Design PDS-XADS DM1 DESIGN CDT
MAX
ADOPT EUROTRANS SILER
Thermal-Hydraulics ASCHLIM THINS
LFR - ELSY LEADER
Infrastructures - VELLA, MTRI3 ADRIANA, SARGEN,
NEWLANCER
Scenario Studies - PATEROS ARCAS
Safety - - SEARCH, MAXSIMA
28 M€ 31 M€ 31 M€ 22
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SCK•CEN
Recent developments with the European Commission
May 2013
Submission of the report “The MYRRHA ESFRI
Project, Excellence in Science Towards
Sustainability to tackle societal challenges”.
November 2013
Working meeting between European
Commissioner G. Oettinger and Secretary of
State M. Wathelet
18 February 2014
Visit of European Commissioner of Energy
Günther Oettinger and State-Secretaries
Melchior Wathelet and Servais Verherstraeten
to SCK●CEN
3 April 2014
Letter of European Commissioner of Energy
Oettinger expressing support of the EC to
MYRRHA
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SCK•CEN
Recent developments with the European Commission
– Funding of the FP7 project MARISA
» Financial support: € 3.260.000,- at full cost (duration 3 years)
» Objective: bring the MYRRHA project to the degree of
maturity needed to start construction (establishing of
MYRRHA consortium, development of a legal and financial
framework, integration and coordination of scientific and
technical work, deployment of instruments for the
management of the MYRRHA project during construction)
– Dedicated call published in the framework of the
EURATOM Horizon-2020 programme
» Anticipated budget of € 8.000.000,- to € 10.000.000,-
– Access for MYRRHA to the Risk-sharing Finance
Facility (RSFF-2) through the Horizon 2020
EURATOM programme
» Discussed at CE Fission Committee meeting of 22 May 2014
» Project financing through a loan provided by the European
Investment Bank (EIB)
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MYRRHA project planning
2015 • Intermediate evaluation by Belgian Government
2017 • Start of procurement of buildings & components
2021
• Completion of civil engineering work at Mol prior
to delivery of components
2022 • Assembly of components of MYRRHA at SCK•CEN
2024 • Start up of the facility and commissioning
2026 • Full power operation
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SCK•CEN
Conclusions
MYRRHA is conceived as a flexible multi-purpose fast spectrum
irradiation facility;
Able to work in sub-critical and critical mode; foreseen to be in full
operation by 2026;
Operated in the first years as an Accelerator Driven System
to demonstrate the ADS technology and
the efficient demonstration of Minor Actinides in subcritical mode.
In function of needs, MYRRHA can also work as a critical flexible fast
spectrum irradiation facility.
MYRRHA will be able to significantly contribute to the development of
LFR Technology;
Will be the European Technology Pilot Plant in the roadmap for LFR.
This project is intended to be organised as an international open user
facility.
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA is an international project
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Universities Research centres Industry Outside EC
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SCK•CEN
Copyright © 2014 - SCKCEN
PLEASE NOTE!
This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied,
distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the SCK•CEN. If this has been obtained, please reference it
as a “personal communication. By courtesy of SCK•CEN”.
SCK•CEN
Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie
Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire
Belgian Nuclear Research Centre
Stichting van Openbaar Nut
Fondation d'Utilité Publique
Foundation of Public Utility
Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 – BE-1160 BRUSSELS
Operational Office: Boeretang 200 – BE-2400 MOL
