Present Perfect Simple - P Perfect Cont

8/9/2019 Present Perfect Simple - P Perfect Cont

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Present Perfect Simple – Present Perfect Progressive

Form

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column ofirregular verbs

Example:I / you / we / they have spoken

he / she / it has spoken

regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed

Example:

I / you / we / they have worked

he / she / it has worked

form of 'have' + been + verb + ing

Example:I / you / we / they have been speaking

he / she / it has been speaking

Exceptions

Exceptions when adding 'ed' :

when the final letter is e only add d

Example:

love ! loved

after a short stressed vowel the final

consonant is doubled

Example:

admit ! admitted

final l is always doubled in "ritish #nglish$not in %merican #nglish&

Example:

travel ! travelled

after a consonant final y becomes i $but:

not after a vowel&

Example:

worry ! worried

but: play ! played

Exceptions when adding 'ing' :

silent e is dropped $but: does not apply for -ee&

#(ample: come ! coming

aber: agree ! agreeing

after a short stressed vowel the final consonant is doubled

#(ample: sit ! sitting

after a vowel the final consonant l is doubled in "ritish

#nglish $but not in %merican #nglish&

#(ample: travel ! travelling

final ie becomes y

#(ample: lie ! lying

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Use

"oth tenses are used to e(press that an action began in the past and is still going on or has )ust finished In many

cases both forms are correct but there is often a difference in meaning: *e use the Present Perfect Simple mainly

to e(press that an action is completed or to emphasise the result *e use the Present Perfect Progressive to

emphasise the duration or continuous course of an action

Result or duration?

o you want to e(press what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on yet,


Result what ! how much ! how often"

I have written - letters / I have been to .ondon twice

#uration how long"

I have been writing for an hour

$ertain ver%s

he following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple $not in the progressive form&

state: be have $for possession only&

#(ample: *e have been on holiday for two weeks

senses: feel hear see smell taste touch

#(ample: 0e has touched the painting

%rain wor&: believe know think understand

#(ample: I have known him for 3 years

Emphasis on completion or duration?

o you want to emphasise the completion of an action or its continuous course $how has somebody spent his time&,


Emphasis on completion

I have done my homework (Meaning: My

homework is completed now.)

Emphasis on duration

I have been doing my homework (Meaning: hat!s how " have spent my

time. "t does not matter whether the homework is completed now.)

Result or side effect?

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o you want to e(press that a completed action led to a desired result or that the action had an unwanted side

effect,


desired result

I have washed the car (#es$lt:

he car is clean now.)

unwanted side effect

*hy are you so wet, ! I have been washing the car (side effect: " %ecame wet when "

was washing the car. "t does not matter whether the car is clean now.)

ime ( negation: last time or %eginning of an action?

In negative sentences: o you want to e(press how much time has past since the last time the action took place or

since the beginning of the action,


since the last time

I haven't played that game for years (Meaning:

"t!s years ago that " last played that game.)

since the %eginning

I haven't been playing that game for an hour only for 12

minutes (Meaning: "t!s not even an ho$r ago that " started to play that

game.)

Permanent or temporar)?

If an action is still going on and we want to e(press that it is a permanent situation we would usually use thePresent Perfect Simple or temporary situations we would prefer the Present Perfect Progressive his is not a

rule however only a tendency


permanent

4ames has lived in this town for 12

years (Meaning: &e is a permanent resident of

this town.)

temporar)

4ames has been living here for a year (Meaning: his sit$ation is only

temporary. May%e he is an exchange st$dent and only here for one or

two years.)

Signal words

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how often

times

how long

since

for

est *

Use

When to use which tense?

1. '5 times' is a signal word for …………………………………………………………

2. 'for two hours' is a signal word for ………………………………………………….

3. 'since 9 o'clock' is a signal word for …………………………………………………

Positive Sentences

Fill in the correct form (resent erfect !im"le or resent erfect rogressi#e$.

1. % ("ractise$…………………………………………………. the "iano for 3& minutes.

2. o (run$…………………………………………………… 1& km.

3. )he children (e$…………………………………………. on holida* for si+ da*s.

,. )he dog (ark$……………………………………………. since midnight.

5. We (miss$ ………………………………………………… the us twice this week.

Negative Sentences


1. -ou (eat not$ ………………………………………………… u" *et.

2. /e (s"eak not$ ………………………………. on the "hone for half an hour0 ust a cou"le of minutes.

3. )he* (work not$………………………….……… since 5 o'clock. )he* ust started an hour ago.

,. We (know not$ ……………………………….………..… them for a long time.

5. !he (hang not$ …………………………………………. u" all the "ictures *et.

Questions


1. /ow long (wait she$ ……………………………………………. for us?

2. /ow man* times (tell %$ …………………………………………….. *ou?

3. /ow often (clean *ou$ ………………………………………… the windows this *ear?

,. /ow man* months (take *ou$………………………………………"iano lessons?

5. (sta* *ou e#er$ …………………………………………………… in a castle?

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Text


1. )om /i na. % (tr*$ ……………………. to ring *ou se#eral times toda*. Where (*ou e$

……………………….?

2. na % (e$ ………………………… at home all the time. ut % (clean$ ………………………………… the

house all da*0 so ma*e % didn't hear the "hone ring.

3. )om (*ou clean$ …………………………………….. e#er*thing now?,. na 4o0 not *et. % (tid* not$ u" the kitchen *et. ut wh* are *ou here?

5. )om on't *ou rememer? 6ane (in#ited$………………………………… us to her irthda* "art* and

we (u* not$……………………………… a "resent for her *et.

7. na 8h0 that's right. (*ou find out alread*$……………………………. what she wants?

. )om Well0 she (learn$ ……………………………….. !"anish for a *ear and wants to s"end her ne+t

holida* in :e+ico. :a*e we could get her a guide ook.

;. na )hat's a good idea. )here is a good ooksho" in the ig sho""ing centre. % (see$

………………………….. some nice ooks aout :e+ico there recentl*.

est +

Use

When to use which tense?

1. %f we want to em"hasise the duration of an action0 we use …………………………………….

2. %f we want to tell0 how often something has ha""ened so far0 we use ………………………….

3. %f we want to em"hasise the result of an action0 we use ………………………………………….

,. %f we want to em"hasise that an action is com"leted now0 we use ………………………………..

5. %f we want to em"hasise how we ha#e s"ent our time0 we use ……………………………………..

Positive Sentences


1. !and* (cook$ ………………………………. dinner four times this week.

2. We (tra#el$ …………………………. around !cotland for ; da*s.

3. Wh* are *our hands so dirt*? < % (re"air$………………………… m* ike.

,. % (read$…………………………the ook0 *ou can ha#e it ack.

5. aul (elie#e$………………………….in =od since he was a child.

Negative Sentences


1. !orr* for eing late. % ho"e *ou (wait not$ ……………………………………… long.

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2. :* grand"arents are coming to see us ne+t weekend. )he* (#isit not$ …………………… us for two

*ears.

3. !he (e not$ …………………………….. on holida* for 3 *ears.

,. % don't want *ou to dri#e m* car. -ou (dri#e not$ ………………………….. a car for ages.

5. /e (watch not$………………………………)> all afternoon0 he onl* switched the tell* on 1& minutes ago.

Questions

Fill in the correct form (resent erfect !im"le or resent erfect rogressi#e$.1. /ow much mone* (6ack s"end$……………………………………… in the casino?

2. /ow long (she sit$ ……………………………………… there?

3. /ow man* short messages (send *ou$…………………………………… this month?

,. (*ou em"t*$…………………………………… the in *et?

5. uc*0 (*ou athe$………………………… *our dolls? )he athroom floor is asolutel* wet.

Text


1. aughter :um0 6ane ("hone ust$ ………………………….. to ask if % will go to the cinema with her. :a*%?

2. :other (*ou do$………………………………. *our homework *et?

3. aughter Well0 % (do$…………………………… it for aout 2 hours now0 ut % (finish

not$ …………………….. it *et.

,. :other %f *ou (com"lete not$ ……………………………. *our homework0 *ou cannot go. !chool comes

first. @ememer0 *ou ("romise$……………………………. me to stud* harder this *ear.

5. aughter ut mum0 % (work$ ………………………. reall* hard this *ear and % (im"ro#e

alread*$ ……………………………. in :aths and Ahemistr*.

7. :other ut that's onl* ecause % ("ush alwa*s$ ………………………………… *ou to do something.

. aughter ut % also need a reak some time. ook0 % (e not$ ………………………… to the cinema for

two months. :a* % go? 6ust this once.

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Present Perfect Simple - P Perfect Cont