Prepared by KIRAN KUMARIPrepared by KIRAN KUMARI

KV Dipatoli RanchiKV Dipatoli Ranchi

ReproductionReproduction

Reproduction: The process by Reproduction: The process by which new individuals are which new individuals are

produced is known as produced is known as reproductionreproduction..

Most plants have roots, stems Most plants have roots, stems and leaves. These are called and leaves. These are called vegetative parts of plantsvegetative parts of plants..

•Different organism reproduce in different ways but all these ways/ modes of reproduction can be put into two general categories:

•[a ]sexual reproduction ]b[ asexual reproduction.

In sexual reproduction of plants male and In sexual reproduction of plants male and female reproductive cells are involved. These female reproductive cells are involved. These female and male reproductive cells are female and male reproductive cells are collectively called gametes. In the process of collectively called gametes. In the process of sexual reproduction, a male and a female sexual reproduction, a male and a female gamete fuses to form a single cell called gamete fuses to form a single cell called zygote. This zygote gradually develops and zygote. This zygote gradually develops and grows into an adult, similar to the parents. An grows into an adult, similar to the parents. An individual which grows from a zygote, formed individual which grows from a zygote, formed as a result of sexual reproduction, receives as a result of sexual reproduction, receives characters of both male and femalecharacters of both male and female..

Structure of a FlowerStructure of a Flower

1 .Pistil 2 .Stigma

3 .Style4 .Ovary

5 .Stamen6 .Filament

7 .Anther8 .Petal9 .Sepal

10 .Receptacle11 .Stem

Male Reproductive StructureMale Reproductive Structure

The stamen consists of two parts: Anther and FilamentThe anther is where meiosis occurs to produce haploid pollenThe filament is a stalk that supports the anther

In asexual reproduction, sex In asexual reproduction, sex cells [gametes] are not cells [gametes] are not produce. Thus, no such produce. Thus, no such fusion of gametes take place fusion of gametes take place for the production of springs. for the production of springs. In asexual reproduction, new In asexual reproduction, new plants are produced without plants are produced without production of seeds or production of seeds or

sporesspores..

•It is the type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from vegetative parts, such as roots, stems, leaves and buds.

[1 ]vegetative propagation

[2 ]budding

[3 ]fragmentation

[4 ]spore formation

[[11 ] ]It takes less time to grow and It takes less time to grow and bear flowers and fruits earlier than bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seedsthose produced from seeds..

[[22 ] ]The new plants are exact copies The new plants are exact copies of the parent plant as they are of the parent plant as they are produced from a single parentproduced from a single parent..

Plants, such as unicellular Plants, such as unicellular yeast plant, develops bulb yeast plant, develops bulb like projection from the like projection from the parent plant yeast called bud. parent plant yeast called bud. The bud grows and gets The bud grows and gets detached from the parent detached from the parent plants and forms a new plantplants and forms a new plant..

Plants, like spirogyra alga, breaks up into two or more fragments of pieces. Each fragment grows into new individual.

•The parts of plants, such as fungus The parts of plants, such as fungus like Mucor/ Rhizopus and yeast , like Mucor/ Rhizopus and yeast , which produce through spore which produce through spore formation under favourable condition formation under favourable condition is called sporangiumis called sporangium..

The spores are asexual reproductive bodies. For survival, each spore is covered with protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions such as high temperature and low humidity.

Flowers are the reproductive part of a plant. They help in sexual reproduction and producing fruits and seeds.

The transfer of pollen grains from the The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower, is called self-the same flower, is called self-pollination. Generally ,it occurs in pollination. Generally ,it occurs in bisexual flowerbisexual flower..

The transfer of pollen from anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower of the same kind [species] is known as cross-pollination.

The distribution of fruits and seeds The distribution of fruits and seeds far and wide from their parents is far and wide from their parents is called dispersal. The seeds which are called dispersal. The seeds which are light, small or have tufts of silky hair light, small or have tufts of silky hair on their body are carried away to on their body are carried away to distant places by the wind. Seed distant places by the wind. Seed dispersal is carried out by agencies dispersal is carried out by agencies like air , water birds and another like air , water birds and another animals including mananimals including man..

11 . .Name the various modes of sexual Name the various modes of sexual reproduction in plantsreproduction in plants??

Ans. [1] vegetative production [2] Ans. [1] vegetative production [2] buddingbudding

[[44 ] ]spore information [3] fragmentationspore information [3] fragmentation

22 . .Name the male reproductive part Name the male reproductive part of the flowerof the flower??Ans. StamenAns. Stamen..

33 . .Write the name of female Write the name of female reproductive part of the flowerreproductive part of the flower? ?

Ans. PistilAns. Pistil

44 . .What are male gametesWhat are male gametes??Ans. Anther contains pollen grains Ans. Anther contains pollen grains

which reproduce male gameteswhich reproduce male gametes..

55 . .What do you understand by the term What do you understand by the term pollinationpollination??

Ans. The transfer of pollen grains from Ans. The transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma is called anther to the stigma is called pollinationpollination..

11[.[.aa ] ]Draw a diagram to show germination Draw a diagram to show germination in gingerin ginger??

[[bb ] ]What is the type of reproduction in What is the type of reproduction in ginger ]c[ If it is asexual reproduction ginger ]c[ If it is asexual reproduction

then write type of asexual reproductionthen write type of asexual reproduction??

[[dd ] ]Ginger is a root or stem? asexual or Ginger is a root or stem? asexual or sexualsexual??

22[.[.aa ] ]Draw a diagram to show Draw a diagram to show reproduction in yeastreproduction in yeast??

[[bb ] ]Label yeast cell, developing bud, Label yeast cell, developing bud, New bud chain of budNew bud chain of bud??

[[cc ] ]Which type of reproduction takes Which type of reproduction takes place in yeastplace in yeast??

33..Draw a diagram to showDraw a diagram to show..[[aa ] ]stamenstamen

[[bb ] ]pistilpistil

Label various parts of stamen and Label various parts of stamen and pistilpistil..

55 . .Draw a diagram to showDraw a diagram to show[[aa ] ]self- pollination [b] cross -self- pollination [b] cross -

pollinationpollination