Prepared by:

Aiman Asyraf 1004JP89035

Group 5 BC 4

Frequencies

Statistics

sex marital status highest educ

completed

N Valid 439 439 439

Missing 0 0 0

Minimum 1 1 1

Maximum 2 8 6

Frequency Table

sex

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

MALES 185 42.1 42.1 42.1

FEMALES 254 57.9 57.9 100.0

Total 439 100.0 100.0

marital status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

SINGLE 105 23.9 23.9 23.9

STEADY RELATIONSHIP 37 8.4 8.4 32.3

LIVING WITH PARTNER 37 8.4 8.4 40.8

MARRIED FIRST TIME 189 43.1 43.1 83.8

REMARRIED 30 6.8 6.8 90.7

SEPARATED 10 2.3 2.3 92.9

DIVORCED 24 5.5 5.5 98.4

WIDOWED 7 1.6 1.6 100.0

Total 439 100.0 100.0

The Categorical Data available from the survey are sex (gender),

marital status and education level.

The total number of cases or people who answered the survey is

439.

The variables of sex (gender) were divided into 2 groups, marital

status was divided into 8 groups and education level was divided

into 6 groups.

The total number of males that answered the

survey is 185 and the total number of females

that answered the survey is 254 so there are

more females compared to males that answered

the survey.

The total number of people from the survey who is not

currently in a relationship is 105. The total number of

people from the survey who currently are in a

relationship is 334. Out of the number of people

currently in a relationship, 74 total number of people

have not experienced marriage.

highest educ completed

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

PRIMARY 2 .5 .5 .5

SOME SECONDARY 53 12.1 12.1 12.5

COMPLETED HIGHSCHOOL 85 19.4 19.4 31.9

SOME ADDITIONAL

TRAINING 120 27.3 27.3 59.2

COMPLETED

UNDERGRADUATE 123 28.0 28.0 87.2

POSTGRADUATE

COMPLETED 56 12.8 12.8 100.0

Total 439 100.0 100.0

Bar Chart

12.5% of people who have answered the survey have

still not completed their secondary studies as 2 of them

are in primary while 53 of them are still in secondary.

The other 87.5% of the people can be considered to

have finished their secondary studies are either

undergoing further studies or they have finished their

tertiary studies.

The number of females who answered the survey

is more compared to the males.

The majority of people who answered the survey

are either married for the first time or they are

single.

This could mean that most of the people in the

sample area are still quite young in age.

Most of the people who answered the survey

have moved on from their secondary studies so it

can be safe to say that these people have a good

experience in life and have experience a good

amount of stress in their lives making the results

of the survey more relevant.

Descriptives

Descriptive Statistics

N Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Variance Skewness Kurtosis

Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Std. Error

Total life satisfaction 436 30 5 35 22.38 6.770 45.827 -.323 .117 -.450 .233

Total perceived stress 433 34 12 46 26.73 5.848 34.194 .245 .117 .182 .234

Valid N (listwise) 433

In the output presented above, the information we requested for the variable is summarized. For the variable total life satisfaction, we have information from 436 respondents, ranging in level from 5 to 35, with a mean of 22.38 and a standard deviation of 6.770. The skewness is a negative value of -.323 thus the line of the graph is more concentrated to the right side. The kurtosis value of -.450 is negative meaning the kurtosis is platykurtic meaning that it is flat. For the variable total perceived stress, we have information from 433 respondents, ranging in level from 12 to 46, with a mean of 26.73 and a standard deviation of 5.848. The skewness is a positive value of .182 thus the line of the graph is more concentrated to the left. The kurtosis value of,.234 is positive meaning the kurtosis is leptokurtic meaning that it is too tall.

Explore sex

Case Processing Summary

sex Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Total perceived stress MALES 184 99.5% 1 0.5% 185 100.0%

FEMALES 249 98.0% 5 2.0% 254 100.0%

Descriptives

sex Statistic Std. Error

Total perceived stress

MALES

Mean 25.79 .399

95% Confidence Interval for

Mean

Lower Bound 25.00

Upper Bound 26.58

5% Trimmed Mean 25.74

Median 25.00

Variance 29.315

Std. Deviation 5.414

Minimum 13

Maximum 46

Range 33

Interquartile Range 8

Skewness .271 .179

Kurtosis .393 .356

FEMALES

Mean 27.42 .384

95% Confidence Interval for

Mean

Lower Bound 26.66

Upper Bound 28.18

5% Trimmed Mean 27.35

Median 27.00

Variance 36.793

Std. Deviation 6.066

Minimum 12

Maximum 44

Range 32

Interquartile Range 7

Skewness .173 .154

Kurtosis .074 .307

0.5% or 1 male out of the 100% or 185

males involved in the survey did not

answer the question

2.0% or 5 females out of 100% or 254

females involved in the survey did not

answer the question

The average of total perceived stress of male in

the survey is 25.79 with a confidence of 95%

that the real mean would fall between 25.00

and 26.58. The least level of perceived stress

experience is 13 while the most is 46. The

exact middle point of the population with 50%

falling below and 50% above, the median is 25.

The average of total perceived stress of female

in the survey is 27.42 with a confidence of 95%

that the real mean would fall between 26.66 to

28.18. The least level of perceived stress

experience is 12 while the most is 44. The

exact middle point of the population with a

50% falling below and 50% above,the median,

is 27

Extreme Values

sex Case Number Value

Total perceived stress

MALES

Highest

1 10 46

2 8 39

3 21 39

4 48 36

5 118 36a

Lowest

1 56 13

2 82 14

3 55 14

4 97 15

5 49 15

FEMALES

Highest

1 19 44

2 9 43

3 14 42

4 18 42

5 22 42

Lowest

1 45 12

2 42 12

3 69 13

4 53 13

5 93 15b

a. Only a partial list of cases with the value 36 are shown in the table of upper extremes.

b. Only a partial list of cases with the value 15 are shown in the table of lower extremes.

Tests of Normality

sex Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

Total perceived stress MALES .074 184 .015 .987 184 .096

FEMALES .064 249 .015 .992 249 .176

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

The Shapiro-Wilk test result for Sig. is

greater than 0.05 for both male and

female thus it can be said that data is

normally distributed.

Total perceived stress

Histograms

The total number of males that answered the survey is 184.

The standard deviation for the histogram is 5.414.

The mode for the histogram is 30.

The mean for the histogram is 25.79.

The total number of females that answered the survey is

249.

The standard deviation for the histogram is 6.056

The mode for the histogram is 22.

The mean for the histogram is 27.42.

Normal Q-Q Plots

Normal distribution can be seen without any major

deviations

Normal distribution with deviations from normality at the

top end of the plot

Detrended Normal Q-Q Plots

No major deviation can be seen in the plot thus it is

safe to consider it as a normal distribution.

There are deviations from normality at the top so we

can assume that the distribution is not normal.

Male

Normal distribution without a lot of outliners. Only

one outliner can be seen in the box plot.

Female

Not a normal distribution having outliners at the

bottom indication females with lower than usual

stress and outliners at top indicating females with

high stress.

T-Test

Group Statistics

sex N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Total perceived stress MALES 184 25.79 5.414 .399

FEMALES 249 27.42 6.066 .384

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error

Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Total perceived stress

Equal

variances

assumed

1.936 .165 -2.898 431 .004 -1.634 .564 -2.742 -.526

Equal

variances

not

assumed

-2.948 415.886 .003 -1.634 .554 -2.723 -.544

Hypothesis

Null: No significant difference between total perceived

stress of male and female

Alternate: Significant difference between total

perceived stress of male and female

Variances of both groups are the same or considered equal because the Sig. value is greater than 0.05. Knowing that if we look at the column row of the

table above the Sig.(2-tailed) value is 0.004 which is less than 0.05.It can be concluded that there is a significant difference between male and female.

Thus it can be concluded that we accept our alternate hypothesis and reject our null hypothesis.

Oneway

Descriptives

Total perceived stress

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

Lower Bound Upper Bound

PRIMARY 2 28.00 7.071 5.000 -35.53 91.53 23 33

SOME SECONDARY 51 27.45 6.727 .942 25.56 29.34 17 43

COMPLETED HIGHSCHOOL 84 27.37 6.075 .663 26.05 28.69 12 44

SOME ADDITIONAL

TRAINING 117 26.99 5.328 .493 26.02 27.97 13 41

COMPLETED

UNDERGRADUATE 123 26.02 5.513 .497 25.03 27.00 12 39

POSTGRADUATE

COMPLETED 56 26.07 6.376 .852 24.36 27.78 14 46

Total 433 26.73 5.848 .281 26.18 27.28 12 46

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Total perceived stress

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

1.758 5 427 .120

ANOVA

Total perceived stress

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 158.983 5 31.797 .929 .462

Within Groups 14612.860 427 34.222

Total 14771.843 432

The people in primary school have the highest mean for total perceived stress while the lowest mean are the people with completed undergraduate.

The Sig. result in the test of homogeneity of variances table is .120 which is greater than 0.05 meaning that the homogeneity of variance is met

From the Anova table we can see that the Sig. result is .462 which is greater than 0.05 meaning that there is no significant difference between the groups. This

statistically shows us that there is no significant change in the mean of total perceived stress based on different level of education.

Means Plots

People with primary education has the highest mean

of total perceived stress while people with completed

undergraduate education has the lowest mean of

total perceived stress.

Graph

Correlations

Correlations

Total life

satisfaction

Total perceived

stress

Total life satisfaction

Pearson Correlation 1 -.494**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 436 433

Total perceived stress

Pearson Correlation -.494** 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 433 433

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

The correlation coefficient or r is -0.494

Relationship between total life satisfaction and total

perceived stress was investigated using Pearson’s Product

Moment Correlation Coefficient. Preliminary analysis was

performed to ensure no violation of assumptions of

normality, linerarity and homoscedasticity. There was a

moderate, negative correlation between the two

variables.

Since r is less than 0 but more than -1 the relation can be

concluded that if one variable increases the other variable

will decrease.

General Linear Model

Between-Subjects Factors

Value Label N

sex 1 MALES 184

2 FEMALES 249

Descriptive Statistics

sex Mean Std. Deviation N

Total life satisfaction

MALES 21.64 6.530 184

FEMALES 22.88 6.935 249

Total 22.35 6.786 433

Total perceived stress

MALES 25.79 5.414 184

FEMALES 27.42 6.066 249

Total 26.73 5.848 433

Box's Test of Equality of

Covariance Matricesa

Box's M 3.964

F 1.314

df1 3

df2 17040389.113

Sig. .268

Tests the null hypothesis that

the observed covariance

matrices of the dependent

variables are equal across

groups.

a. Design: Intercept + sex

The Sig. result for the box’s test of equality of covariance matrices is .268 which is bigger than .001. Therefore our data does not violate the assumption of homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices.

Multivariate Testsa

Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig. Partial Eta

Squared

Intercept

Pillai's Trace .984 13597.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .984

Wilks' Lambda .016 13597.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .984

Hotelling's Trace 63.246 13597.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .984

Roy's Largest Root 63.246 13597.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .984

sex

Pillai's Trace .052 11.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .052

Wilks' Lambda .948 11.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .052

Hotelling's Trace .055 11.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .052

Roy's Largest Root .055 11.897b 2.000 430.000 .000 .052

a. Design: Intercept + sex

b. Exact statistic

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa

F df1 df2 Sig.

Total life satisfaction .813 1 431 .368

Total perceived stress 1.936 1 431 .165

Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal

across groups.

a. Design: Intercept + sex

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Dependent Variable Type III Sum of

Squares

df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta

Squared

Corrected Model Total life satisfaction 162.226

a 1 162.226 3.544 .060 .008

Total perceived stress 282.386b 1 282.386 8.400 .004 .019

Intercept Total life satisfaction 209727.621 1 209727.621 4581.315 .000 .914

Total perceived stress 299579.015 1 299579.015 8911.208 .000 .954

sex Total life satisfaction 162.226 1 162.226 3.544 .060 .008

Total perceived stress 282.386 1 282.386 8.400 .004 .019

Error Total life satisfaction 19730.712 431 45.779

Total perceived stress 14489.457 431 33.618

Total Total life satisfaction 236251.000 433

Total perceived stress 324089.000 433

Corrected Total Total life satisfaction 19892.938 432

Total perceived stress 14771.843 432

a. R Squared = .008 (Adjusted R Squared = .006)

b. R Squared = .019 (Adjusted R Squared = .017)

We can see from the

multivariate table that we have

a Sig. value of .000 which is less

than .05 we can conclude that

there is a significant difference

between the groups.

Variables: F=11.89, p-value=.000

Wilk’s Lambda=.95, Partial Eta

Squared=.052

There is no significant difference for sex on total perceived stress as p-

value of .06 is bigger than .05. (F=3.5, p-value=.06)

There is a significant difference for sex on total life satisfaction as p-value

of .004 is smaller than .05 (F=8.4, p-value=.004)

Estimated Marginal Means

sex

Dependent Variable sex Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound Upper Bound

Total life satisfaction MALES 21.641 .499 20.661 22.622

FEMALES 22.880 .429 22.037 23.722

Total perceived stress MALES 25.788 .427 24.948 26.628

FEMALES 27.422 .367 26.699 28.144

Females have a greater total life satisfaction than

males based on the difference of total mean

score.

Females have a greater total perceived stress than

males based on the difference of total mean

score.

References

IBM. (2011). IBM SPSS statistics 20 core system user’s guide. Retrieved 11 December 2012 ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/documentation/statistics/20.0/en/client/Manuals/IBM_SPSS_Statistics_Core_System_Users_Guide.pdf