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PRELIM - PETROLEUM REFINERY, LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY, MODEL
Introduction and potential applications
Dr. Joule BergersonAssociate Professor
Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringDecember 13, 2016
Motivation for Building a Systems-Level Refinery GHG Emissions Model
Motivation
• Diversity of crude quality and refinery configurations
• Current life cycle-based GHG models to inform policy
lack model detail to capture this variability
Objective
• More detailed investigation of the impacts of crude
quality and refinery configuration on energy use and
GHG emissions at refineries
2
399oCAGO
340oC
290oC
180oC
80oCLSR
GASOLINE
399+oCAR
Atm
osp
heri
c D
isti
lla
tio
n
Naphtha
Hydrotreating
Desalting
Naphtha
Catalytic
Reforming
Isomerization
Kerosene
HydrotreatingMerox Unit
JET FUEL
Diesel
Hydrotreating
ULSD
HEATINGFUEL OIL
HEAVY FUEL OIL
CRUDE
Gas
Hydrogen
Hydroskimming
Refinery fuel gas
T
SMR
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
2
3 basic categories of refinery types
Model Structure: PRELIM - PETROLEUM REFINERY, LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY, MODEL
3www.ucalgary.ca/lcaost/prelim
399oCAGO
340oC
290oC
180oC
80oCLSR
GASOLINE
399+oCAR
Atm
osp
heri
c D
isti
lla
tio
n
Naphtha
Hydrotreating
Desalting
Naphtha
Catalytic
Reforming
Isomerization
Kerosene
HydrotreatingMerox Unit
JET FUEL
Diesel
Hydrotreating
ULSD
HEATINGFUEL OIL
HEAVY FUEL OIL
CRUDE
Gas
Hydrogen
Hydroskimming
Refinery fuel gas
T
SMR
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
2
3 basic categories of refinery types
525+oCVR
Gas Oil
Hydrocracking
Gas oil
Hydrotreating
Fluid Catalytic
Cracking
Alkylation
454oCLVGO
525oCHVGO
Medium Conversion
C-B
Va
cu
mm
Dis
tilla
tio
n
1 2
1 2
1
Model Structure: PRELIM - PETROLEUM REFINERY, LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY, MODEL
4www.ucalgary.ca/lcaost/prelim
525+oCVR
Gas Oil
Hydrocracking
Gas oil
Hydrotreating
Fluid Catalytic
Cracking
Alkylation
454oCLVGO
525oCHVGO
Medium Conversion
C-B
Va
cu
mm
Dis
tilla
tio
n
1 2
1 2
1
Coker or HCGO
VR Upgrading
Delayed Coking
or
Hydrocracking
Heavy Naphtha
Hydrotreating
COKEor
HYDROCRACKING RESID
Deep Conversion
1 2
399oCAGO
340oC
290oC
180oC
80oCLSR
GASOLINE
399+oCAR
Atm
osp
heri
c D
isti
lla
tio
n
Naphtha
Hydrotreating
Desalting
Naphtha
Catalytic
Reforming
Isomerization
Kerosene
HydrotreatingMerox Unit
JET FUEL
Diesel
Hydrotreating
ULSD
HEATINGFUEL OIL
HEAVY FUEL OIL
CRUDE
Gas
Hydrogen
Hydroskimming
Refinery fuel gas
T
SMR
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
2
3 basic categories of refinery types
10 combinations of process units
Process unit parameters Assay information (e.g. Distillation
curve, H content)
Energy requirements
Yield of intermediate products
Intermediate products’ specifications
(API, S, and H)
Model Structure: PRELIM - PETROLEUM REFINERY, LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY, MODEL
5www.ucalgary.ca/lcaost/prelim
Input Parameters
6
Cut Temp [°C]
80 180 290 340 400 450 525 525 + 400 +
Cut Temp [°F]
176 356 554 644 752 842 977 977 + 752 +
Full Crude LSR Naphtha Kerosene Diesel AGO LVGO HVGO VR AR
Crude assay propertiesPropertyVol Flow bpd Vol Flow m^3/d
Mass Flow kg/d
Sulphur wt%
Nitrogen mass ppm
API gravity oAPI
Density kg/m^3
Hydrogen wt%
MCR wt% Characterization
FactorKw
(approx.)
DHc MJ/kg
Example of PRELIM results0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
-
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Bit
um
en 1
Bit
um
ent
2
Dil
bit
2
Sy
nd
ilb
it 1
SC
O,S
o,H
1
SC
O,S
w,M
1
SC
O,S
w,L
1
SC
O,S
w,L
2
Co
nv,
So
,H4
Co
nv,
So
,M1
Co
nv,
So
,L2
Co
nv.
Sw
,L2
Oil Sands Crudes Canadian Conventional Crudes
Ga
soli
ne/
Die
sel p
rod
uct
ion
( M
J / M
J o
f cr
ud
e)R
efin
ery
Cap
acit
y (
10
0,0
00 b
bl
of
Cru
del
per
day
Ref
iner
y E
ner
gy
Req
uir
emen
ts o
f
Pro
cess
ing
th
e C
rud
e(M
J/M
J o
f C
rud
e)
Electricity, Coal, Grid H2, NG, Feedstock for SMR
H2, NG, Heat for SMR H2, RFG, Heat for SMR
H2, Crude, NCR Heat, RFG, RP
Heat, NG Heat, Coke, FCC Cat.Regeneration
Steam, RFG, RP Steam, NG
Gasoline Diesel
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Bit
um
en 1
Bit
um
ent 2
Dil
bit
2
Sy
nd
ilb
it 1
SC
O,S
o,H
1
SC
O,S
w,M
1
SC
O,S
w,L
1
SC
O,S
w,L
2
Co
nv,
So
,H4
Co
nv,
So
,M1
Co
nv,
So
,L2
Co
nv.
Sw
,L2
Oil Sands Crudes Canadian Conventional Crudes
Ref
iner
y G
HG
(g C
O2eq
/ M
J o
f C
rud
e)
Electricity, Coal, from Grid
Feedstock for SMR, NG, Off site Heat for SMR, NG, Off site Heat for SMR, FG, On site
H from NCR, Crude, On site
Heat, FG, On site Heat, NG, Off site Heat from FCC Cat. Regeneration, Coke, On site
Steam, FG, On site Steam, NG, Off site
Breakdown of contributions to refinery energy requirements (bars): Type of energy requiered , Feedstock , Energy supply source
Net energy requirement; Offsite- supply
Resulting products of processing the crude
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
-
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Bit
um
en 1
Bit
um
ent
2
Dilbit
2
Synd
ilbit
1
SC
O,S
o,H
1
SC
O,S
w,M
1
SC
O,S
w,L
1
SC
O,S
w,L
2
Conv,
So,H
4
Conv,
So,M
1
Conv,
So,L
2
Conv.
Sw
,L2
Oil Sands Crudes Canadian Conventional Crudes
Ga
soli
ne/
Die
sel p
rod
uct
ion
( M
J / M
J o
f cr
ud
e)R
efin
ery C
apac
ity (
100,0
00 b
bl
of
Cru
del
per
day
Ref
iner
y E
ner
gy
Req
uir
emen
ts o
f
Pro
cess
ing
th
e C
rud
e(M
J/M
J o
f C
rud
e)
Electricity, Coal, Grid H2, NG, Feedstock for SMR
H2, NG, Heat for SMR H2, RFG, Heat for SMR
H2, Crude, NCR Heat, RFG, RP
Heat, NG Heat, Coke, FCC Cat.Regeneration
Steam, RFG, RP Steam, NG
Gasoline Diesel
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Bit
um
en 1
Bit
um
ent 2
Dilbit
2
Synd
ilbit
1
SC
O,S
o,H
1
SC
O,S
w,M
1
SC
O,S
w,L
1
SC
O,S
w,L
2
Conv,
So,H
4
Conv,
So,M
1
Conv,
So,L
2
Conv.
Sw
,L2
Oil Sands Crudes Canadian Conventional Crudes
Ref
iner
y G
HG
(g C
O2eq
/ M
J o
f C
rud
e)
Electricity, Coal, from Grid
Feedstock for SMR, NG, Off site Heat for SMR, NG, Off site Heat for SMR, FG, On site
H from NCR, Crude, On site
Heat, FG, On site Heat, NG, Off site Heat from FCC Cat. Regeneration, Coke, On site
Steam, FG, On site Steam, NG, Off site
Breakdown of contributions to refinery energy requirements (bars): Type of energy requiered , Feedstock , Energy supply source
Net energy requirement; Offsite- supply
Resulting products of processing the crude
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
-
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Bit
um
en 1
Bit
um
ent
2
Dil
bit
2
Sy
nd
ilb
it 1
SC
O,S
o,H
1
SC
O,S
w,M
1
SC
O,S
w,L
1
SC
O,S
w,L
2
Co
nv,
So
,H4
Co
nv,
So
,M1
Co
nv,
So
,L2
Co
nv.
Sw
,L2
Oil Sands Crudes Canadian Conventional Crudes
Ga
soli
ne/
Die
sel p
rod
uct
ion
( M
J / M
J o
f cr
ud
e)R
efin
ery
Cap
acit
y (
10
0,0
00 b
bl
of
Cru
del
per
day
Ref
iner
y E
ner
gy
Req
uir
emen
ts o
f
Pro
cess
ing
th
e C
rud
e(M
J/M
J o
f C
rud
e)
Electricity, Coal, Grid H2, NG, Feedstock for SMR
H2, NG, Heat for SMR H2, RFG, Heat for SMR
H2, Crude, NCR Heat, RFG, RP
Heat, NG Heat, Coke, FCC Cat.Regeneration
Steam, RFG, RP Steam, NG
Gasoline Diesel
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Bit
um
en 1
Bit
um
ent 2
Dil
bit
2
Sy
nd
ilb
it 1
SC
O,S
o,H
1
SC
O,S
w,M
1
SC
O,S
w,L
1
SC
O,S
w,L
2
Co
nv,
So
,H4
Co
nv,
So
,M1
Co
nv,
So
,L2
Co
nv.
Sw
,L2
Oil Sands Crudes Canadian Conventional Crudes
Ref
iner
y G
HG
(g C
O2eq
/ M
J o
f C
rud
e)
Electricity, Coal, from Grid
Feedstock for SMR, NG, Off site Heat for SMR, NG, Off site Heat for SMR, FG, On site
H from NCR, Crude, On site
Heat, FG, On site Heat, NG, Off site Heat from FCC Cat. Regeneration, Coke, On site
Steam, FG, On site Steam, NG, Off site
Breakdown of contributions to refinery energy requirements (bars): Type of energy requiered , Feedstock , Energy supply source
Net energy requirement; Offsite- supply
Resulting products of processing the crude
7Source: Abella and Bergerson. ES&T. 2012
Ongoing Model Evaluation
Industry Standard Tools
— PRISM
— HCAMS
Individual refineries in NA
Process unit comparisons
H consumption methods
— (e.g., kinetic models)
Macro emissions estimates from academic and grey literature
8
Applications to Date
Oil Climate Index (http://oci.carnegieendowment.org/)
US Transportation Fuel Baseline Update (NETL)
Investment Community (e.g. ARC Financial Report)
9
Evaluation of GHG Emission Mitigation Opportunities
12
http://oci.carnegieendowment.org/
Updated US GHG Petroleum Baseline
13
Recent/Current Additions to the Model
Completed Blending tool Fixed capacities Evaluation of emerging technologies Fixed vs. Float cases Better differentiation of product slate properties
— Asphalt— LPG
Ongoing Additional configurations (asphalt, co-processing?) Adding crudes to inventory (now more than 100 crude
assays) – still missing important assays Investigation of H calculations More detailed product characterization
14
Potential Uses of PRELIM for bio-coprocessing research
Framework with consistent boundaries, full life cycle techno economic, arms-length evaluation
Assess GHG implications in the context of:
— The petroleum life cycle
— Comparative petroleum pathways
— A range of mitigation options
15
Acknowledgements
Jessica Abella, Kavan Motazedi, John Guo
LCAOST project team
OCI project team
Funding Sources
Natural Resources Canada
Alberta Innovates: Energy and Environment Solutions
Carbon Management Canada
Oil Sands Industry Consortium
16
Questions?
Joule Bergerson, PhD
Associate Professor
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
University of Calgary
403-220-5265
17
