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MPW 2133:MALAYSIAN STUDIES
CHAPTER 1:HISTORY & POLITICS
1.1 PRE-HISTORIC & EARLY KINGDOM
PRE-HISTORIC AGE • 35,000 years ago in Perak & Sabah.• 4 pre-historic ages: a) Paleolithic – lived in caves, nomadic,
hunting, fishing, animism, 1st to use fireb) Mesolithic – Hoabinhian culture, similar
to Paleolithic but much more advancec) Neolithic – use of bifacial stones, clay &
made potteryd) Bronze – make weapons using bronze
EARLY KINGDOMS KINGDOM YEAR NOTE
Funan 1st century -Located in present Kampuchea-Influenced by the Old Kedah Hindu religion-Kampung Sungai Emas (from 5th to the 10th century)-Pengkalan Bujang (from the 10th to the 14th century)
Old Kedah 5th century -Monarchy system-Strategic location-Important entreport-Influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism
Gangga Negara, Perak
5th century -Port and trade centre
EARLY KINGDOMSLangkasuka, Patani
2nd century
-Important trade centre-Influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism
Chih-Tu, Kelantan
6th century
-Influenced by Buddhism-Strong relationship with China
Tan-tan, Terengganu
6th century
-Ruling system influenced Indian ruling system-strong relationship with China
Srivijaya 7th century
-Well-known trade centre-strong relationship with India and China-Centre of Buddhism and sanskrit language
Majapahit 13 century
-Strong relationship with China, India and the Middle East-Centre of Hinduism
MALACCA MALAY SULTANATE
• Malacca established by Parameswara, a Palembang prince in 1396.
• Later known as Raja Iskandar.• Ran away from Palembang because of
Majapahit & Majapahit attacked him.• Ran to Singapore, killed ruler Temagi, a
relative of Thai King.• Took over a small fishing village and
turned into a port.
MALACCA MALAY SULTANATE • From Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu),
Parameswara name ‘Malacca’ as he was resting under a tree called pokok Melaka.
• He saw a mousedeer kicked 1 of his hunting dogs.
• Pictured wealth, good luck n prosperity in this village.
• Arabic word ‘Malakat’ (means market) when the Arabs saw the prosperity of the trade.
How Malacca got his name…Pokok Melaka(Malacca Tree)
Sang Kancil (Mouse deer )
DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA • Important port in 15th century.• Thailand wanted to destroy Malacca, so
Parameswara turned to China for protection.• 1403 – Admiral Yin Cheng arrived Malacca
for diplomatic relations & trade between China & Malacca.
• 1409 – Admiral Cheng Ho arrived Malacca again for bilateral relations between China & Malacca.
• Parameswara expressed desire to be a vassal of China.
1403 – Admiral Yin Cheng arrrived Malacca
DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA
Malacca in the early years…
Arrival of Arab merchants
& traders
Malacca…‘Eastern Venice’
DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA
• 1411 – Parameswara visited China for bilateral relations.
• Thailand was warned not to attack.• Port developed rapidly.• Parameswara decided to convert to Islam
as to attract Arab & Muslim Indian merchants.
• Change his name to Sultan Iskandar Shah.
DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA
• Parameswara married to a Pasai princess.• Strengthened Malacca-Pasai relationship
& developed Pasai into port.• Pasai = port, centre of learning &
spreading of Islam.• Malacca grew from reign of Sri Maharaja
(also known as Sultan Muhammad Syah, son of Parameswara) & Raja Ibrahim.
• Sultan Muzaffar Syah took throne at 1446.
DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA
• Sultan Muzaffar Syah spread his power to Dinding, Selangor, Muar, Singapore, Bentan & Pahang with help of Bendahara Tun Perak.
• Conquered Inderagiri & Kampar too.• Malacca controlled the source of economy,
that are spices (prolong food storage).• Malacca was also centre of spreading of
Islam.
DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA
• Malay language – lingua franca.• Sultan Mansor Shah ruled Malacca with
advice from Bendahara Tun Perak.• Malacca became more prosperous.• Most important trade – between Gujerat
Indian traders (Muslim) & Javanese traders.
• Islam – religion of commercial fraternity.
Malacca Administrative Hierarchy
DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA
• Sultan Alauddin Riwayat Shah came to throne in 1477.
• Islamic laws were carried out strictly. • Died at young age.• Sultan Mahmud Syah (1488 – 1511) took
over throne.• Malacca began to descend & loss of unity.• 1511 – Portugese conquered Malacca.
SRI PARAM ESW ARA DEW A SHAH(K i lled 14 46)
RAJA AHM ADP a ea n 's 1 s t S u ltan
RAJA M UHAMM ADP ae an 's 2 nd S u ltan
AHM AD SHAH M UZAFFAR SHAH ALAUDDIN SHAH II
ALAUDDIN RIAYAT SHAH(14 88)
M ANSUR SHAH(D ie d 1 47 7)
M UZAFFAR SHAH / RAJA KASSIM(D ie d 1 45 6)
SRI MAHARAJA(D ie d 1 44 4)
M UHAM M AD ISKANDAR SHAH(D ie d 1 42 4)
PARAM ESWARA(D ie d 1 41 4)
MALACCA’S SULTAN
