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MPW 2133: MALAYSIAN STUDIES CHAPTER 1: HISTORY & POLITICS 1.1 PRE-HISTORIC & EARLY KINGDOM

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MPW 2133:MALAYSIAN STUDIES

CHAPTER 1:HISTORY & POLITICS

1.1 PRE-HISTORIC & EARLY KINGDOM

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PRE-HISTORIC AGE • 35,000 years ago in Perak & Sabah.• 4 pre-historic ages: a) Paleolithic – lived in caves, nomadic,

hunting, fishing, animism, 1st to use fireb) Mesolithic – Hoabinhian culture, similar

to Paleolithic but much more advancec) Neolithic – use of bifacial stones, clay &

made potteryd) Bronze – make weapons using bronze

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EARLY KINGDOMS KINGDOM YEAR NOTE

Funan 1st century -Located in present Kampuchea-Influenced by the Old Kedah Hindu religion-Kampung Sungai Emas (from 5th to the 10th century)-Pengkalan Bujang (from the 10th to the 14th century)

Old Kedah 5th century -Monarchy system-Strategic location-Important entreport-Influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism

Gangga Negara, Perak

5th century -Port and trade centre

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EARLY KINGDOMSLangkasuka, Patani

2nd century

-Important trade centre-Influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism

Chih-Tu, Kelantan

6th century

-Influenced by Buddhism-Strong relationship with China

Tan-tan, Terengganu

6th century

-Ruling system influenced Indian ruling system-strong relationship with China

Srivijaya 7th century

-Well-known trade centre-strong relationship with India and China-Centre of Buddhism and sanskrit language

Majapahit 13 century

-Strong relationship with China, India and the Middle East-Centre of Hinduism

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MALACCA MALAY SULTANATE

• Malacca established by Parameswara, a Palembang prince in 1396.

• Later known as Raja Iskandar.• Ran away from Palembang because of

Majapahit & Majapahit attacked him.• Ran to Singapore, killed ruler Temagi, a

relative of Thai King.• Took over a small fishing village and

turned into a port.

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MALACCA MALAY SULTANATE • From Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu),

Parameswara name ‘Malacca’ as he was resting under a tree called pokok Melaka.

• He saw a mousedeer kicked 1 of his hunting dogs.

• Pictured wealth, good luck n prosperity in this village.

• Arabic word ‘Malakat’ (means market) when the Arabs saw the prosperity of the trade.

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How Malacca got his name…Pokok Melaka(Malacca Tree)

Sang Kancil (Mouse deer )

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA • Important port in 15th century.• Thailand wanted to destroy Malacca, so

Parameswara turned to China for protection.• 1403 – Admiral Yin Cheng arrived Malacca

for diplomatic relations & trade between China & Malacca.

• 1409 – Admiral Cheng Ho arrived Malacca again for bilateral relations between China & Malacca.

• Parameswara expressed desire to be a vassal of China.

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1403 – Admiral Yin Cheng arrrived Malacca

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA

Malacca in the early years…

Arrival of Arab merchants

& traders

Malacca…‘Eastern Venice’

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA

• 1411 – Parameswara visited China for bilateral relations.

• Thailand was warned not to attack.• Port developed rapidly.• Parameswara decided to convert to Islam

as to attract Arab & Muslim Indian merchants.

• Change his name to Sultan Iskandar Shah.

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA

• Parameswara married to a Pasai princess.• Strengthened Malacca-Pasai relationship

& developed Pasai into port.• Pasai = port, centre of learning &

spreading of Islam.• Malacca grew from reign of Sri Maharaja

(also known as Sultan Muhammad Syah, son of Parameswara) & Raja Ibrahim.

• Sultan Muzaffar Syah took throne at 1446.

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA

• Sultan Muzaffar Syah spread his power to Dinding, Selangor, Muar, Singapore, Bentan & Pahang with help of Bendahara Tun Perak.

• Conquered Inderagiri & Kampar too.• Malacca controlled the source of economy,

that are spices (prolong food storage).• Malacca was also centre of spreading of

Islam.

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA

• Malay language – lingua franca.• Sultan Mansor Shah ruled Malacca with

advice from Bendahara Tun Perak.• Malacca became more prosperous.• Most important trade – between Gujerat

Indian traders (Muslim) & Javanese traders.

• Islam – religion of commercial fraternity.

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Malacca Administrative Hierarchy

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DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA

• Sultan Alauddin Riwayat Shah came to throne in 1477.

• Islamic laws were carried out strictly. • Died at young age.• Sultan Mahmud Syah (1488 – 1511) took

over throne.• Malacca began to descend & loss of unity.• 1511 – Portugese conquered Malacca.

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SRI PARAM ESW ARA DEW A SHAH(K i lled 14 46)

RAJA AHM ADP a ea n 's 1 s t S u ltan

RAJA M UHAMM ADP ae an 's 2 nd S u ltan

AHM AD SHAH M UZAFFAR SHAH ALAUDDIN SHAH II

ALAUDDIN RIAYAT SHAH(14 88)

M ANSUR SHAH(D ie d 1 47 7)

M UZAFFAR SHAH / RAJA KASSIM(D ie d 1 45 6)

SRI MAHARAJA(D ie d 1 44 4)

M UHAM M AD ISKANDAR SHAH(D ie d 1 42 4)

PARAM ESWARA(D ie d 1 41 4)

MALACCA’S SULTAN

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