Preformance Analysis of Android Clicker Application in ......Last but not the Least, I would also like to acknowledge the project manager Mr.Rajesh Khusalkar, Mr.Rajavel, Mr.Tushar

Preformance Analysis of Android Clicker Applicationin Aakash Tablets

RnD Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Technology

by

Debashee TaraiRoll No : 113050078

under the guidance of

Prof. D. B. Phatak

Department of Computer Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay

May 8, 2013

Acknowledgments

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my RnD advisor, Prof. D. B. Phatak for selectingme as a part of his valuable project, for constantly motivating me to do better and for spendingsufficient amount of time to instruct me in my work in-spite of his very busy schedule.

Furthermore, I would like to give special gratitude to Mr. Nagesh Karmali and Ms. FiruzaAibara for their guidance and help staring from clicker testing to writing reports. Secondly,I would like to express my appreciation to all my project mates and friends who worked in acoordinated manner with me, cooperated and guided me to complete this RnD project.

Last but not the Least, I would also like to acknowledge the project manager Mr.RajeshKhusalkar, Mr.Rajavel, Mr.Tushar Kambli who have assisted me for performing the Testings,conducted tutorials for explaining the working of the Clicker Application, provided the necessaryand sufficient documentation needed for the RnD.

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Abstract

MHRD Sponsored project ”Aakash”, World’s Cheapest Tablet, aims to make e-learning asthe primary learning process in India. Learning has shifted from teacher oriented approach toLearner centered approach. So, Tablets, being much cheaper than mobile phones with biggerscreen size and lighter than laptops, probably the most suitable medium to enforce E-learningin education. Aakash tablets with Linux based operating system, are currently tested and newapplications are developed by IIT Bombay.

This RnD project aims at analyzing and improving the performance of Clicker applicationin Aakash Tablets which is an Educational application for collecting attendance, creating andconducting quizzes, generating reports, polling and clarifying doubts raised by a student, pre-cisely and in lesser time. The application has been tested rigorously against different size ofclassrooms, large number of tablets, verity of quiz types, single and multiple wifi routers etc.The Obtained results were analyzed by Wireshark and many improvement have been done onthe performance of the application by providing best possible efforts for Enhancing the Quality,operability and features of the software.

Contents

1 Introduction 31.1 E-Learning through Tablets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 One Tablet Per Student : E-learning target of GOI by Aakash . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 Android Clicker Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 Features, Goals and Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Literature Survey 62.1 Clicker Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 Working Principles of Clicker Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 Wireshark Operating Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.3.1 Purpose of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3.2 Features of Wireshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.4 Android Wifi Working Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4.1 The Basic Principles of Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 Performance Analysis of Clicker Application 103.1 Primitive Functionality of Clicker Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2 Tests on Android Clicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.2.1 WLAN Control Data Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.2.2 Results Obtained . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.2.3 Analysis of the Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.2.4 Analysis of the Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.3 A generalized Survey report for Low-Cost and Best performing Wifi Connection 173.4 Current Scenario and Proposed Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4 Conclusion and Future work 19

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List of Figures

1.1 Global Branded Tablet Market Share Q1 2013[3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.1 Clicker Architecture[8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 Android Wifi architecture [16] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.1 Clicker Client Side Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.2 Test on 3th Apr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.3 Test on 3rd May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.4 Channel5 Test1 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.5 Channel6 Test1 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.6 Channel7 Test1 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.7 Channel5 Test2 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.8 Channel6 Test2 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 Channel7 Test2 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.10 Routers Details chart[20] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

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Chapter 1

Introduction

E-Learning is the use of Internet technology to deliver a broad array of solution with the po-tential to support and enhance the traditional learning system which has become an integralpart of the learning tools used by many educational organizations. The impact of E-Learningis everywhere, starting from elementary graders exploring videos on the Internet to Univer-sity graders collaborating on research with local or national experts using specialized softwareapplications[1].

1.1 E-Learning through Tablets

Tablets, typically with screen sizes between 7 to 12 inches, invariably comes with the best featuresamong completely mobile, small screen smartphones, large screen desktops and thepartially mobile laptops. The growth of these devices has given rise to a separate category oflearning called Tablet Learning, commonly known as eLearning on Tablets.

Tablets provide a wide range of solutions for eLearning, irrespective of their operatingsystems and network connectivity. Whether it is developing new eLearning for Tablets ormEnabling the existing legacy eLearning content into a tablet compatible format, it providesthe solutions in taking the first step in the mLearning domain in an easy and a cost-effectiveway[2].Global Android Tablet Shipment percentage has increased by 177% [3]. The total number oftablets shipped in the first quarter of 2013 was 40.6 million [4], i.e. Android has a 43 percentglobal share. The other two big operating systems in the global tablet market are Apples iOSand Microsofts Windows 8 RT.

1.2 One Tablet Per Student : E-learning target of GOI

by Aakash

MHRD has launched an affordable tablet ’AAKASH’, for use as an educational tool. IIT Bombaywas given the responsibility for running the first phase of this project some months ago.IIT Bombay scales up to train 1000 teachers at a time program to 10,000 teachers andlaunches Aakash-2 tablets under the guidance of Prof D.B Phatak [6] .

To enforce e learning as the primary education in India, the most optimal way is to makeTablets as the means of education because

� smaller size than Laptops and Considerably bigger screen size then mobiles

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� lighter in weight, i.e. portable

� Very less costlier than laptops and android based mobile phones

� most importantly comfortable to read

Figure 1.1: Global Branded Tablet Market Share Q1 2013[3]

� Adobe Digital Publishing: Mobile Benchmark report also indicates that 75 percentof the consumers are reading content on tablets and only 25 percent of them are readingcontent on smart phones.[10]

� India’s Ranked Second in Tablet Penetration : CIO Survey indicates this resultAccording to a global survey and 30% of the survey participants plan to purchase Tabletby the end of 2013. [7]

� Aakash Tablet: The Worlds Cheapest Tablet : produced by DataWind.[5] andmanufactured by the India-based company[7] Quad, available at lesser price than 3000/-Indian Rupees. The application development and testing is going on at IIT Bombay,under the supervision of Prof. D. B. Phatak [6].

1.3 Android Clicker Application

Clicker is a student response system being developed at IIT Bombay as part of the NationalMission on Education through ICT, MHRD. The Web Based Clicker Software is a MHRD spon-sored project aimed to simplify interaction between students and professors in many collegesacross India. It is a technology aimed to mainly reduce the manual labour, one which does samefor both students and teachers.

It is an affordable, interactive hardware cum software utility for collecting attendance,creating and conducting quizzes, generating reports, polling and clarifying doubtsraised by a student precisely and in lesser time. It helps the instructor in analyzing quizzes,reports etc with ease.

1.4 Features, Goals and Motivations

The goals and motivation behind developing clicker was mainly to make interaction betweenstudents and professors in a classroom more efficient and less time consuming making the sessionmore productive. [9]

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� Eliminating the unnecessary time for taking attendance, taking quizzes of different patterns(single answer correct, Multiple answer correct, True/False, numeric, etc.), provision ofRaise Hand feature are the highlighted features of Android Clicker Software.

� Clickers give the faculty the ability to fine-tune their instruction based on student response.Regardless of the class size, the instructor is always able to judge student understandingbecause of the immediate feedback technology.

� Results from class responses can be saved and then displayed in a variety of formats (barchart, pie chart) and can be saved for semester long analyses that may inform subsequentcurriculum development.

� The feature of Quiz conduction was added to evaluate student mastery of content and toidentify concepts that are proving difficult for students to grasp.

So, the motivation for being an active contributer towards the prestigious ambition of makingE-learning as the primary mode of education by Clicker Application by Aakash tablets, I havedone my Research and development(RnD), work in four different parts

� Literature Survey

� Conducting Several Tests

� Survey of wifi Infrastructure

� Analyzing results and proposing solutions

for the complete support of Android Clicker Application upto a very large scale (more than200), i.e. to handle larger classroom size, rigorous testing and analysis of the Clicker Applicationis needed.

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Chapter 2

Literature Survey

This chapter contains literature study in several directions starting from the Clicker Documen-tation, Working Principles of Clicker Application, Wireshark Operating Methodology to WifiWorking Principles[14] described as follows:

2.1 Clicker Documentation

The Clicker Application has a web interface where the instructor uses the complete software asit is. The Central Server receives, processes all information, stores it and sends result back asand when required.[9]

� Conduct Quiz: This module is for conducting quiz in the classroom session, this willprovide the facility to get the question from the database according to the course selectedby the instructor and also they can create the quiz as required by the instructor.

� Raise Hand: This module aimed to help the student in case he/she is having some doubtor confusion; it is just the raising hand in the classroom environment. The instructor cansee the list of all the students who has pressed the raised hand button along with theirdoubts which can be discussed in the

� Polling:It aimed at getting the views of the students on some sensitive and controversialissues and helps the instructor in making a decision.

� Question Bank: The Question Bank module aimed at for adding question and searchingthe specific question to conduct either quiz or for other classroom sessions. We can searcha question by using a string in the database and also we can add new questions in thedatabase with the help of the XLS file. It also provides the facility to perform some editingin that question.

2.2 Working Principles of Clicker Application

When describing the architecture of the Clicker Web Application software, it has two modenamely Local mode and Remote mode, where the local mode can be viewed as a classroomenvironment and the remote mode are the remote centers where the utility program works andthere are many remote centers of clicker in India and its main center is situated is situated atIIT Bombay from where it is managed.

The Android clicker is entirely an Web Based Application where the whole session of inter-action between student and the Instructor happens through Aakash tablets which are connectedto the wifi and the access point is/are connected to the central server. The Instructor’s PC is

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again connected to the server to send and receive any content. So, the whole architecture of theClicker system is a web based client server system where there are different modules for conductquiz, raise hand, polling and Question Bank.

Figure 2.1: Clicker Architecture[8]

2.3 Wireshark Operating Methodology

Wireshark is a computer application that analyzes network protocols by allowing users to in-teractively browse and capture traffic running on a computer network. Wireshark is compatiblewith a variety of operating systems, including Windows, OS X and Linux, and is used by securityexperts, network professionals and educators throughout the world [17].

2.3.1 Purpose of Use

Wireshark is a network packet analyzer. A network packet analyzer will try to capture networkpackets and tries to display that packet data as detailed as possible. It is perhaps one of thebest open source packet analyzers available today. [18]

� Network administrators use it to troubleshoot network problems

� network security engineers use it to examine security problems

� developers use it to debug protocol implementations

� people use it to learn network protocol internals

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2.3.2 Features of Wireshark

There are so many features offered by wireshark.Some of them are as described below[13]: [18]

� Available for UNIX and Windows, Capture live packet data from a network interface.

� Open files containing packet data captured with tcpdump/WinDump, Wireshark, and anumber of other packet capture programs.

� Import packets from text files containing hex dumps of packet data, Display packets withvery detailed protocol information and Save packet data captured.

� Export some or all packets in a number of capture file formats. Filter packets on manycriteria.

� Search for packets on many criteria. Colorize packet display based on filters. Createvarious statistics.

� Wireshark allows the user to put network interface controllers that support promiscuousmode into that mode, in order to see all traffic visible on that interface, not just trafficaddressed to one of the interface’s configured addresses and broadcast/multicast traffic.

2.4 Android Wifi Working Principles

Android Wireless Architecture can be divided in three part, Java Framework (WiFiMan-ager,WifiMonitor etc...), HAL(wifi.c, wpa supplicant) and HAL (Wireless stack, driver) [15].

Figure 2.2: Android Wifi architecture [16]

Wi-Fi, or wireless networking, allows electronic devices including desktops, laptops, tabletsand smart phones to access the internet without the need for wires or cables. By eliminating theneed for expensive and tedious wiring projects, Wi-Fi has made it easier to create everything fromsecure home networks to public hotspots. As this type of technology has become more prevalent

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and more popular, manufacturers have been quick to advertise Wi-Fi capable products. If you’rea little confused by these claims and would like to understand more about how Wi-Fi works,read through this simple explanation. [11]

2.4.1 The Basic Principles of Wi-Fi

Wireless networking uses radio waves to communicate with mobile devices using the same prin-ciples as traditional radios, televisions, cell phones and two-way radios. Here’s how it works:[12],[11]

� The computer or cell phone uses a wireless adapter to convert your request into a radiosignal and broadcasts it into the air.

� The Wi-Fi device, or wireless router, picks up the signal and translates it back into itsoriginal form.

� The router passes the request to the Internet using a hardwired connection. The Internetreturns the requested information to the router across the same connection.

� The router converts the information into a radio signal and broadcasts it into the air.

� The computer or cell phone’s wireless adapter picks up the information and displays it onyour screen.

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Chapter 3

Performance Analysis of ClickerApplication

This chapter contains the details of the experiments and testings, those I have conducted, theanalysis of the obtained results through wireshark and some of the proposed solution models forthe current issues faced during the experiments. Another important part is the survey conductedon the wireless infrastructure for both low cost and high cost solutions.

3.1 Primitive Functionality of Clicker Code

There are several sections in which the Client side and the server side code consists of. Here Iam describing the primitive level of functionality of the client side code :

MainActivity.java:

� Accepts Enrollment Id and server Ip fromthe client

� Handles the entire wifi connection related part

� Save Enrollment Id and Server Ip in the shared prefernce part

� Call HTTPConnection.java and pass the accepted parameters

� Call ConnectActivity.java if the student is clicking the submit button for the second timeelse call the Registration.java

Reqistration.java and RegistrationHelp.java

� This is call for the first time registration

� Captures data onclicking the connect or reset button

� Creates help as menu icon and calls the RegistrationHelp.java when ever clicked displayingsome txt massage

� Check for the null or invalid entries for the field of Enrollment id and server ip

� Pass the arguments to HttpConnection.java for establishing connections with the server

HttpConnection.java

� Calls to the url of the server coded in this program

� Reads Enrollment Id and MAC address from the shared preferences from the name valuepair and passes them as parameter to the server

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Figure 3.1: Clicker Client Side Flow

� Handles the data or message send from the server back to the tablet

SettingActivity.java

� Reads the server Ip and Enrollment Id from the shared preferences

� Refers to editing the preferences like server Ip etc. modify and update the value

� find for the NULL or invalid entry of the new server ip and generates error message if anyaccordingly

� If no error found, It successfully replaces the new value in place of the older one

ConnectActivity.java

� Called when the clicker icon is ckicker 2nd time or more

� It creates ”help” and ”setting” as menu item and displays the corresponding content ac-cordingly

� Reads the value stored in the shared preferences, calls HttpConnection.java for checkingproper connection establishment has happened or not

� If the above condition satisfies then it calls the url for the quiz to display the quiz in thetablet screen by calling QuizPage.java

QuizActivity.java

� Gets the server Ip and the MAC address from the shared preference and called from theConnectActivity.java class

� It displays the entire quiz in the tablet screen

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3.2 Tests on Android Clicker

For, analyzing the performance of clicker application, we conducted several tests. In those tests,initially we simply noted down the maximum number of clickers which can successfully finish thequiz session. Later on after studying the wireshark, we captured the details of the transmittedpackets to and from each tablets and the access point.Later on we used 3 different routers and configured the wire shark to capture the whole sessionindividually for each channel. Each of the results consists millions of packets. Here under givensome basic ideas to understand the term and scenarios followed in the session.

3.2.1 WLAN Control Data Frames

Control Frames These frames control the access to the shared media

� Request to Send (RTS)

� Clear to Send (CTS)

� Acknowledge

� Power Save Poll

Data Frames, These frames transport data or are use for keep alives

� Data

� Null Function

Request to Send (RTS)

� Sent by a station or Access Point to reserve a time slot for transmission

� Used after a number of not acknowledged transmissions

� If the transmitting station is seeing interference or real traffic on the channel, it will notfind long enough clear (silent) intervals to be able to send the size packet it wants to send.As a result, it decides that it will have to take the more expensive protocol step (in termsof overhead and channel usage) of sending out an RTS (Request To Send).

� It then expects somebody, presumably the Access Point in an infrastructure network orone of the other nodes in the case of an ad hoc network, to send back a CTS (Clear ToSend). When all of the other stations participating in that network see the CTS, they areobligated to hold off transmission for the interval specified in the CTS message

Clear to Send (CTS)

� Reply to confirm the requested time slot

� Sender will do that at frequent intervals, trying to break through, until it gets a CTS back.During the time that it waits for a CTS it will be blocking and not sending outbound traffic.

Here are given the results obtained in to recent tests :

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Figure 3.2: Test on 3th Apr

Figure 3.3: Test on 3rd May

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3.2.2 Results Obtained

Test1 Scenario: Three different channels (channel 6, channel 7, channel 5) The test 1sttest,i.e. test on 30 Apr, was conducted with a maximum of 174 tablets. When the number ofclickers were upto 120, the entire system worked fine without any errors,

and a heavy load on traffic arise the time number of users became more than 170.Test2 Scenario:The second test was conducted on 3rd May with a maximum number of clicker of 90. The

test was acompletely successful tests, It worked for all the devices/Tablets and Only one channelwas used.

3.2.3 Analysis of the Results

channel 5 : Total no of Packets: 1485917

Figure 3.4: Channel5 Test1 results



14


channel 7: Total no of Packets: 1001623




15




3.2.4 Analysis of the Results

There are quite a few observations that I got during the tests, those are described as below:

� As shown in the figures /the generated graphs, the whole scenario was getting floodmainly because of the RTS (Request to send ) packets.

� As if the transmitting station is seeing interference or real traffic on the channel, it willnot find long enough clear (silent) intervals to be able to send the size packet it wants tosend. As a result, it decides that it will have to take the more expensive protocol step (interms of overhead and channel usage) of sending out an RTS (Request To Send) [19].

16

� The result of the 1st test caused us to analyze and find out the issue because of whichsome of the tablets could not connect to the quiz, and the reason was ultimately foundout to be the duplicate entry issue in the database of the clicker was not resolved.

� After solving the issue when the second test was conducted, It show perfect result asshown in the second table with 100 percent result.

3.3 A generalized Survey report for Low-Cost and Best

performing Wifi Connection

Wi-Fi allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly network, including high-speedInternet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any ”wireless local area network(WLAN) products that are based on the IEEE 802.11 standards”. Only Wi-Fi products thatcomplete Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing successfully may use the ”Wi-FiCERTIFIED” trademark.

Wi-Fi networks have limited range. A typical wireless access point using 802.11b or 802.11gwith a stock antenna might have a range of 32 m (120 ft) indoors and 95 m (300 ft) outdoors.IEEE 802.11n, however, can more than double the range.

Figure 3.10: Routers Details chart[20]

Range also varies with frequency band. Wi-Fi in the 2.4 GHz frequency block has slightlybetter range than Wi-Fi in the 5 GHz frequency block which is used by 802.11a andoptionally by 802.11n. On wireless routers with detachable antennas, it is possible to improverange by fitting upgraded antennas which have higher gain in particular directions.

3.4 Current Scenario and Proposed Solution

There are few observation based on the current scenario and Proposed optimal solutions, thatis keeping in view of low cost but best performance providing solutions:

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� The test environment was of Cisco routers operating at 2.4 GHz frequency bands, havingthe maximum capacity to provide concurrent connections to 50-75 users and F C. Kholiauditorium (where the tests were conducted) contains 3 such router to provide Ip andInternet connections

� After discussing with CC(computer center) people and Benchmarking people (whoprovide wifi routers to IITB ), for the clicker system where

– concurrent connections are needed to each of the tablets

– the number of students can vary from very few to very large number of students

– and the classroom size can also be very small to very large auditoriums

I concluded with the following two types of the wifi router to be used...

– Asus RT 600 : Dual band operation with a very wide range of signal covering andstrength upto 100 students

– Linksys 4500 : Wide range of signal covering and strength upto 100 students withlow price compared to other similar featured routers.

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Chapter 4

Conclusion and Future work

The impact of e-learning on the global learning process has been exponentially growing overpast decades. E-learning, in different manifestations, has made its way into the majority ofeducational settings, causing a revolution of learning environments ending up with a paradigmshift regarding the general understanding of learning itself.

As the outcome of this research and development project on Clicker application, the bestpossible scenario i.e. the wireless routers with minimal cost and optimal performance havebeen proposed. The test results obtained through wireshark are analyzed and the duplicateenrollment id Issue was found out and resolved.

We have planned to conduct the test for single tablet to analyze all the packet transmissionfrom individual Tablet and to conduct another testing for more than 200 users simultaneouslyappearing large size i.e. bigger page size containing images etc. to make the Android ClickerApplication even more efficient, simple and easy to use.

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Bibliography

[1] E-Learning and Its Effects on Teaching and Learning in a Global Age, International Journalof Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2012.

[2] The Impact of E-Learning in Medical Education, Jorge G. Ruiz, MD, Michael J. Mintzer,MD, and Rosanne M. Leipzig, MD, IT in Medical Education, Vol. 81, No. 3 / March 2006.

[3] The cited text is reffered from : http://www.androidauthority.com/

global-android-tablet-shipments-increase-197052/

[4] The cited text is reffered from : Global Android tablet shipments increase 177%http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9238834/Think_tablets_are_popular_

Shipments_soar_in_first_quarter , Gary Sims on April 25, 2013.

[5] The cited text is reffered from : Makers of Aakash Tablet Datawind, Crowned UK’s MostInnovative Mobile Company http://www.ubislate.com/aakash/index.html.

[6] The cited text is reffered from : IIT Bombay scales up ’train 1000 teachers at a time’ pro-gramme to 10,000 teachers and launches Aakash-2 http://www.iitb.ac.in/AK/Aakash.

htm

[7] How Tablets, Smartphones and Connected Devices are Changing U.S. Digital Media Con-sumption Habits, Digital Omnivores, OCTOBER 2011.

[8] Use of Aakash in Classroom Rajesh Kushalkar, Project Manager (Clicker Group), De-partment of Computer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,2013.

[9] Enhancement of Web Based Clicker Software Summer Internship, Clicker Software Team,Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, May- July 2012.

[10] The cited text is reffered from : Are Digital Magazines For Real? http://blogs.adobe.

com/digitalpublishing/, April 25, 2013

[11] The cited text is reffered from : How Wi-Fi Works, http://www.mycricket.com/

community/cell-phone-info/how-wi-fi-works 14th Dec 2011.

[12] The cited text is reffered from : http://ezinearticles.com/

?How-Your-Modem-and-Router-Work---Know-the-Ways!&id=4775646.

[13] Wireshark User’s Guide: for Wireshark 1.11, by Ulf Lamping, Richard Sharpe, and EdWarnicke, 2004-2013 .

[14] WiFied Up Malaysia Villages: A Case Study of sing WiFi Technology to Increase InternetPenetration Rate in Malaysia Rural Areas, Kae Hsiang Kwong, Alvin Ting Kee Ngoh,David Heng Tze Chieng, Mazlan Abbas Wireless Communications Cluster, IEEE, 2nd5th October 2011

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[15] Research and Design of Location Tracking System Used in Underground MineBased onWiFi Technology, Yongqiang Zhang, Liangliang Li , Yongjian Zhang, Hebei University ofEngineering Handan China,IEEE 2009

[16] The cited text is reffered from : http://mitulmodi.wordpress.com/2012/03/21/

android-wifi-architecture-wext/,

[17] The cited text is reffered from : Description of Wireshark http://www.ehow.com/info_

10023389_description-wireshark.html, Lou Martin.

[18] The cited text is reffered from : Android WiFi Architecture (WEXT/NL80211)http://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChapterIntroduction.html#

ChIntroFeatures, March 21, 2012

[19] Request-to-send flood from access point, http://ask.wireshark.org/questions/11717/request-to-send-flood-from-access-point, 6th June 2012

[20] 2013 Best Wireless Router Comparisons and Reviews, http://

wireless-router-review.toptenreviews.com/

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Documents

Preformance Analysis of Android Clicker Application in ......Last but not the Least, I would also like to acknowledge the project manager Mr.Rajesh Khusalkar, Mr.Rajavel, Mr.Tushar