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1986

P re fa ce

I n a co n t i n u a t i o n o f my comp re he n s i ve ta xo nom i c a n a l y s i s o f t he Co n i fe ra e I

h a ve n ow p re pa re d a ma n u s c r i p t g i v i n g c o n c i s e ta xo n om i c de s c r i p t i o n s of a l ls pe c i e s a nd va r i e t i e s a c ce p ted i n my An I n te rn a t i o n a l Ce n s u s o f t he Co n i fe ra e , I

( l984 ) . A s u pp l eme n t to t h e o r i g i n a l c h e c k l i s t w i t h a few n ome n c l a t u ra l c ha n ge sa n d a d d i t i o n a l c i ta t i o n s o f p u b l i s h e d n ame s wa s re ce n t l y p u b l i s h ed i n Phytologia

Ma ny de s c r i p t i o n s i n t he l i te ra t u re o f v a r i o u s s pe c i e s h a ve bee n q u i tev a g ue as re g a rd s to t he l i s t i n g o f mo rp h o l o g i c a l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s o f t he ra re rta xa . I ha ve tr i e d to l i s t a s ma ny mo rp ho l o g i c a l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s o f a g i ve n ta xonas po s s i b l e . The s e de s c r i p t i o n s a re ba s e d o n a n e xam i n a t i o n of type s pe c i men s

,

de s c r i p t i o n s i n t he l i te ra t u re a n d by my own pe rs on a l o b s e rva t i o n s i n t he f i e l da n d i n a rbo re ta . Th i s ma n u s c r i p t i s a me re l i s t i n g o f t he mo rp ho l o g i c a lc ha ra c te r i s t i c s o f ta xa wh i c h I be l i e ve to be v a l i d ta xa . The s ty l e he re c a n bel i ke ne d to t h a t o f Hortus Th i rd , i n t ha t I h a ve no t ma de a ny key s he re . I t i spo s s i b l e t h a t I may h a v e k ey s i n a l a te r e d i t i o n o r i n fo l l ow i n g i n d i v i d u a lmo no g ra p h i c e s s ay s i n wh i c h I w i l l be a b l e to ta ke a c l o s e r e x am i n a t i o n o f a l lt he c r i t i c a l mo rp h o l o g i c a l c ha ra c te r i s t i c s of a g i ve n ta xo n .

Wha t I am s tre s s i n g i n t h i s ma n u s c r i p t i s d i s t i n c t i o n s ba s ed o n g ro s smo rp ho l o g i c a l c ha ra c te r i s t i c s wh i c h c a n e a s i l y be s ee n i n t he f i e l d o r s ome t i me sw i th the u s e of a s i mp l e handlens a t t he type l o c a l i ty o f a g i ve n taxo n . I ts ho u l d be no te d th a t t he mo r p ho l o g i c a l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s ca n v a ry g re a t l y w i th i na i n d i v i d u a l s pe c i e s , e s pe c i a l l y i n a s pe c i e s t h a t has a re l a t i ve l y w i de s p re a dd i s tr i b u t i on .

I mu s t s tre s s t h a t i t i s s ome t i me s j u s t a s i mpo rta n t to ma ke s t ud i e s o fc u l t i v a te d p l a n t s a s i t i s to ma ke s tu d i e s of p l a n t s i n t he wi l d , e s pe c i a l l ywhe n t he o r i g i n o f a s pe c i e s i s q ue s t i o na b l e . An ex amp l e o f th i s i s Cu ressus

to ru l o s a v a r . cashmeriana ( Ca rr . ) Ke n t . Re ce n t c o l l e c t i o n s o f a w i l res sus

i n B h u ta n by D . L on g lE l l o o k i de n t i c a l to me i n g ro s s mo rp h o l o gy t a n tl o n g k nown i n c u l t i v a t i o n i n B r i ta i n as C . cashmeriana Ca rr . , wh i c h waspre v i o u s l y u n k nown i n t he w i l d . Howe ve r , Lon g ha d f i rs t co n c l u ded t ha t th eC up re s s u s co l l e c te d i n B h u ta n was s i m i l a r to t he p l a n t n amed g , corneyana Ca rr .

o r g. to ru l o s a v a r . corneyana ( Ca rr . ) Ca rr . , wh i c h a ga i n was l o n g c u l t i va te di n Br i ta i n a n d u n k nown i n t h e w i l d . My own a n a l y s i s i s t ha t t he w i l d C upre s s u si n B h u ta n ha s l o n g , f l a tte ned , c h a i n - l i ke bra n c h l e t s w i t h s h a rp l y a c u te l e a ve s ,

c ha ra c te r i s t i c s o f wh i c h ma tc h t h e p l a n t l o n g k nown i n c u l t i v a t i o n i n Br i ta i n

s pe c i me n s i n Br i t a i n . Howe ve r , c o l o r o f fo l i a ge i s n o t a l way s a v a l i d c h a ra c te ri st i c , a s i s a l s o t he e x amp l e o f Ced r u s l i ba n i v a r . a t l a n t i c a c v .

' g l a u ca '

wh i c h n o rma l l y a p pe a r s a s h a v i ng g l a u co u s fo l i a ge . I n te re s t i ng l y , the fo l i a geo f th e B l ue At l a s Ced a r may a ppe a r ma r ke d l y g ree n at va r i o u s t i me s of t hes e a s o n , e s pe c i a l l y a fte r ra i ny we a t he r o r s ome t i me s i n t he a u tumn . Fu r t he r ,

c u l t i va te d ma te r i a l o f C u p re s s u s corneyana C a rr . i n Br i ta i n h a s s h o rt , i r re gularly d i s po s ed bra n c h l e t s w i th ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , o b t u s e l ea ve s a n d doe s no t

c u l t i v a te d p l a n t s a s we l l a s l o oki n g a t de s c r i p t i on s i n t he l i te ra tu re a n ds tudy i n g p l a n t s i n t he w i l d to s ee th e co rre l a t i on be twee n the s e .

4 PHYTOLOGIAMEMO I RS V I I I 1986

T he ba s i s fo r my a n a l y s i s i s from comp a r i s on s o f type he rba r i um s pe c i men s .

type de s c r i p t i o n s a n d a n e x am i n a t i o n o f c u l t i va ted ma te r i a l i n ma ny a rbo re ta i nt he U . S E u ro pe a n d Au s t ra l a s i a . An e xam i n a t i on o f type s pe c i me n s i s a ve ryi mpo r ta n t fa c to r . An e x amp l e o f th i s i s a ta xo n I am c a l l i n g J u n i pe ru s barbaden

s i s v a r . urbaniana ( Pi lg . et Ekm. ) S i l ba , wh i c h i s n a t i ve to s .w. H a i t i a n d t heFf_

Domini can Re p u b l i c . A syno nym o f t h i s ta x on i s J . ekmani i F l o r i n , as to t hetype s pe c i men . The type s pe c i me n o f J , ekmani i h a s q u a d ra ng u l a r b ra n c h l e tsy s tems a n d s h a rp l y a c u te l e a ve s w i t h a n a c um i n a te a pex wh i c h a re t h e s amec ha ra c te r i s t i c s I am u s i n g to d i s t i n g u i s h t he p l a n t J . ba rba de n s i s va r . u r ba n

515 h a s ro u n de d b ra n c h l e t s w i t h d i s t i n c t o b t u s e l e a ve s wh i c h do n o t ha ve a na c um i na te a pe x . I n te re s t i n g l y , re ce n t co l l e c t i o n s by T . Za no n i i n Ha i t i a n dt he Dom i n i c a n Re p u b l i c l a be l e d a s J . ekmani i d o n o t l o o k a ny th i n g l i ke t he types pe c i me n o f t h a t ta x o n , i n s te a d t he s e c o l l e c t i o n s h a ve ro u n d ed b ra n c h l e tsys tem s a n d o b t u s e l e a ve s ty p i c a l o f J . ba rba de n s i s . Ag a i n , i f o ne we re j u s t to

q ua d ra n g u l a r bra n c h l e t s a n d a c u te l e a ve s a re n o t h i g h l i g h te d t he re . I t s e emsl o g i ca l how ea sy i t c a n be fo r co l l e c to rs to con fu s e o r mi s sapply t h e n ame o f ap a rt i c u l a r ta xo n i f t hey h a ve no t a c t ua l l y s ee n t he type s pe c i me n i t s e l f . A n o t he re xamp l e o f t h i s i s a ta xo n fo rme r l y n amed Aga th i s damma ra ( L amb . ) R i c h . , t hetype s pe c i me n i s a c t ua l l y a s pe c i me n o f A . borneens i s Na rb h owe ve r t he typede s cr i p t i o n o f A . damma ra a g re e s w i t h typ i c a en s i s Wa rb . .

I n t he s e s e r i e s o f mo n o g ra p h i c e s s ay s wh a t I am s t re s s 5 t he nee d fo r au n i fo rm sy s tem o f c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f t he Co n i fe rae . Ma ny a u t ho rs h a ve comp l e te l yd i ffe re n t o p i n i o n s on ce rta i n i n d i v i d u a l s pe c i e s , fo r e x amp l e s ome bo ta n i s t si n ce rta i n co u n tr i e s h a ve n amed new s pe c i e s pr i ma r i l y on t he b a s i s of geo g ra p h i cd i s tr i b u t i o n . T h a t i s s ome a u th o r s s eem to re c og n i ze s e p a ra te tax a j u s t be ca u s et hey a re na t i ve i n d i ffe re n t n e a rby c o u n tr i e s . I s e r i o u s l y wo n de r whe t he r po l i ti cs s ome t i me s i n te rfe re s w i t h s c i e n t i f i c s t u d i e s . Th i s c a n be fu r th e r i l l u s trated by s ome s c i e n t i s t s fo l l ow i n g t re n d s a s to j u s t be a c ce p te d by the i rco l l ea g ue s . Fo r i n s ta n ce , mo s t bo ta n i s t s i n t he we s te rn Un i ted S ta te s u s e th ete rm ' s u b s pe c i e s ' fo r i n fra s pe c i f i c ta x a o f th e Co n i fe rae a s o p po s e d to mo s tbo ta n i s t s i n t he Ea s te rn Un i te d S ta te s t h a t use t he te rm va r i e ta s ' fo ri n fra s pe c i f i c v a r i a t i o n i n t he w i l d . I t h a s bee n my o b s e rva t i o n th a t j u s tbe ca u s e a ce rta i n ma j o r i ty o f s c i e n t i s t s fo l l ow on e p a rt i c u l a r t heo ry i t doe sn o t me a n t ha t t hey a re a l way s r i g h t . I t i s often t rue t h a t a s c i e n t i s t c a n no ta l ways de pe n d o n t he wo r k of e a r l i e r s c i e n t i s ts , b u t t h a t he h a s to ma ke h i sown o b serv a t i o n s from s c ra tc h . T he n t he s c i e n t i s t h a s to t ry to co rre l a te h i sn ew da ta w i t h p re v i o u s d a ta a n d to ma ke hi s o b s e rva t i o n s kn own e ve n i f t heya re i n ge ne ra l d i s a g reeme n t w i t h t he ma j o r i ty .

Some bo ta n i s t s se em to c l a s s i fy s pe c i e s o n the s o l e ba s i s o f chemotaxonomy a n d o t he r q ue s t i on a b l e c h a ra c te r i s t i c s t h a t c a n n o t be e a s i l y s ee n o nh a n d i n th e f i e l d . An e x amp l e o f t h i s i s Ab i e s b i fo l i a Mu rr . , wh i c h i s

a c tu a l l y a sy n o nym of A . l a s i o c a rp a (Hook. l N u t t . . Re ce n t p u b l i ca t i on s h a ves ta te d th a t A . b i fo l i a i s c hem i c a l l y d i s t i n c t from A, l a s i o c a rpa . Howe ve r , i fwe we re to compa re he rb a r i um s pe c i me n s o f t he s e two ta x a i t ca n c l ea r l y bes ee n t h a t t here i s a b s o l u te l y n o co n s i s te n t d i ffe re n ce i n v i s i b l e morphologi c a l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s . I do no t v i e w c h a ra c te r i s t i c s s u c h as vo l a t i l e o i l s o fl e a ve s o r tropolones o f he a rtwoo d o f va r i o u s s pe c i e s to be t he s o l e ba s i s fo rt he d i s t i n c t i o n of a s pe c i e s . T he s e c h a ra c te r i s t i c s s h o u l d be comb i ne d w i t hd i ffe re n ce s i n mo rp ho l o g i ca l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s i f t h ey a re to h a ve a ny u s e tot he taxon om i s t . F ur t he r , s u c h c h a ra c te r i s t i c s as hypodenni s of l e a ve s i s a

C''

S i l b a , E n cyc l o p a ed i a C o n i fe ra e

q ue s t i on a b l e ba s i s fo r t he d i s t i n c t i o n of a s pe c i e s i f i t i s u s e d a s t h e s o l eba s i s fo r the n am i n g of a s pe c i e s . An ex amp l e i s t h a t o f Amentotaxus a s s am i c a

as o p po s e d to o t he r Amentotaxus s pe c i e s w i t h o u t con t i n u o u s hyp ode rm . Ye t , howc a n t h i s fea t u re be o f a ny v a l ue whe n p ro b a b l y l e s s t h a n f i ve i n comp l e tes pe c i me n s o f Amentotaxus h a ve bee n co l l e c ted from As s am . I n te re s t i n g l y , t hege ne ra l de s c r i p t i o n of A . a s s am i c a Fe rg u s o n we l l a g ree s i n g ro s s mo rp ho l o g i ca lc h a ra c te r i s t i c s to t h a t o f typ i c a l A, argotaenia ( H a n c e ) Pi lg . a nd i s re d u cedto syno nymy i n t h i s ma n u s c r i p t .

C h a ra c te r i s t i c s wh i c h I am s tre s s i ng i s th a t o f g ro s s mo rp h o l o gy comb i ne dwi t h ge og ra p h i c d i s tr i b u t i on . T he s e c h a ra c te r i s t i c s d o v a ry co n s i de ra b l y i ns ome s pe c i e s , howe ve r wh a t I am s tre s s i n g i s t h a t the se c h a ra c te r i s t i c s c a n beu s e d i n t he f i e l d whe n l oo k i n g a t type l o c a l i t i e s i n pa r t i c u l a r . Ce rta i n tax aw i t h re l a t i ve l y w i de s p re a d d i s tr i b u t i o n s may l oo k ra t he r d i ffe re n t i n a re a so t he r t ha n t he type l o c a l i ty a n d a s s u c h may a p pe a r to me rge i n to o r s ome t i me shybr i d i ze w i t h c l o s e l y re l a te d s pe c i e s . Ano t he r i n te re s t i n g po i n t i s t h a t wh a two rk s we l l a s fa r as ta xo n om i c d i s t i n c t i o n s i n o ne g ro u p or ge n u s may n o t wo r kve ry we l l i n a n o the r g ro u p o r ge n u s . An ex amp l e of th i s i s th a t of Ca l l i t r i sVe n t t he p r i ma ry d i s t i n c t i o n o f s pe c i e s i n t h i s ge n u s i s t h a t o f d i ffe re n ce si n t he fema l e c one s . I f we we re to u s e fo l i a ge c h a ra c te r i s t i c s a s t he o n l yba s i s to d i s t i n g u i s h th e v a r i o u s C a l l i tr i s s pe c i e s i n a key i t wo u l d ne a r l y bei mpo s s i b l e to use t h i s as a va l ua b l e ta xo n om i c g u i de . Whe re a s , i n C u p re s s u s L .

l e a f c h a ra c te r i s t i c s c a n e a s i l y be d i s t i n g u i s h e d i n a key i f t hey a re comb i nedw i t h b ra n c h l e t c h a ra c te r i s t i c s , th o u g h u n fo rt u n a te l y i n s ome s pe c i e s ofC u res sus L . fema l e c o ne d i s t i n c t i o n s c a n n o t a l way s be e a s i l y s ee n .

My own de f i n i t i o n o f a s pe c i e s i s a taxon wh i c h i s u s u a l l y s ep a ra te dg eo g ra p h i c a l l y from a n o t he r re l a te d t axo n a n d wh i c h d i ffe rs i n a t l e a s t two o rth ree ma j o r mo rp ho l o g i c a l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s . A s pe c i e s i n my o p i n i o n s ho u l d beb a s ed o n d i ffe re n ce s i n h a b i t ( c rown c h a ra c te r i s t i c s ) , ba rk , b u d , l e a fc h a ra c te r i s t i c s ( s h a pe , tex t u re , d u ra t i o n , s tru c t u re , s h a pe of t he a pe x , s toma ta ) , ma l e s trob i l i ( n umbe r of s c a l e s , s h a pe s o f the m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s ) , fema l econ e s ( a rra n geme n t , d u ra t i o n , umbo s ) , s eed s ( s h a pe , c o l o r , w i n g s ) , c o ty l e d o n s( n umbe r , s i z e , s h a pe o f t he a pe x , hypo ge a l o r e p i ge a l ) comb i ne d w i t h geograph i c d i s tr i b u t i o n a n d e co l o g i c a l h a b i ta t s . A c l e a r ex amp l e o f t h i s i s C upre s s u s

bra n c h l e t s d i v i de d i n to a f i s h bone p a t te rn , i t s d i s t i n c t l y g l a n d u l a r l e a ve s ,

g l a u cou s - brown fema l e co ne s w i t h smoo t h , flattened, rounded, ta n see d s . Th e l a tte rs pe c i e s g rows i n we t re g i on s i n S . E . T i be t a n d N.W. Y u n n a n a nd h a s f i ne l yf i s s u re d ba r k , f i ne l y d i v i de d b ra n c h l e t sy s tem s , o b s c u re l y g l a n d u l a r l e a ve s ,

redd i s h - brown fema l e co ne s w i t h wa rty , no n - f l a t ten ed , ovo i d , redd i s h - brown seed s .

A l e s s c l e a r d i s t i n c t i on of s pe c i e s i s th a t o f Cup re s s u s goveniana Go rd . a n dC . ma c ro ca rp a Hartw. . Bo th s pe c i e s a re s i m i l a r i n fo l i a ge c h a ra c te r i s t i c s a ndo c c u py s i m i l a r e co l o g i c a l ha b i ta t s w i t h i n c l o s e p rox i m i ty of o n e ano t he r . Bo t hs pe c i e s h a ve i rre g u l a r l y d i s po s e d b ra n c h l e t s , da rk g ree n o btu s e l ea ve s w i t ho b s c u re g l a n d s a n d a l s o h a ve s i m i l a r ma l e s tro b i l i . Howe ve r , they d i ffe rma r ke d l y i n c rown a n d fema l e co ne c h a ra c te r i s t i c s . C u pre s s u s goveniana i s abroa d l y co n i c a l tree w i t h sma l l , g l o b u l a r fema l e con e s w i t h 6- lo s ca l e s a n d w i t hsma l l , b l a c k i s h , de n se l y wartly s ee d s . Cu p re s s u s macrocar a h a s a ro u n de d c rownw i t h ho r i z on ta l bra n c he s , i t h a s l a rge s u b g l o bo se emale con e s w i t h 8- l2 s ca l e sw i t h l a rge r , brown, l e s s wa r ty s eed s . T h e s e c h a ra c te r i s t i c s wh i c h I am s t re s s i n ga re o f va l ue i n t he f i e l d a n d i n c u l t i va t i o n n o t on l y to t he bo ta n i s t , b u t a l s oto the h o r t i c u l t u r i s t a n d to th e fore s te r , a s op po sed to c hemo taxo nom i c

6 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

c h a ra c te r i s t i c s w h i c h a re u s ua l l y on l y va l ua b l e to t he b i o l o g i s t i n t h el a bo ra to ry .

Some bo ta n i s ts may a rg ue t h a t t he c h a ra c te r i s t i c s u s e d to d i s t i n g u i s h t hes pe c i e s o f t he Co n i fe ra e a re v a g ue a n d wo u l d n o t h o l d u p i f compa re d tomo rp h o l og i c a l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s u s e d to d i s t i n g u i s h s pe c i e s o f A n g i o s pe rm s .

Howe ve r , as I h a ve a l re a dy s ta te d w h a t wo r k s w i t h o n e g ro u p may no t wo rk a ta l l i n a n o t he r g ro u p . T he Co n i fe r s a re a u n i q u e g ro up o f p l a n t s a n d t he re a rea l s o o the r p l a n t g ro u ps t h a t a re u n i q ue s u c h as P a l ms . I t i s my op i n i o n t h a tmo rp ho l o g i c a l l y e a c h d i s t i n c t g ro u p s h o u l d be v i ewe d a s to tax o n om i c d i s t i n c ti o n s a s to wh a t wo r k s we l l w i th th a t p a rt i c u l a r g ro u p . I am a l s o u n de r t hei mp re s s i o n th a t th i s c a n be done i n a u n i fo rm ma n ne r .

As to the de f i n i t i o n of i n fra s pe c i f i c va r i a t i on i t i s my o p i n i o n t h a t o n l yo ne tehn i s n ee de d fo r t a x a i n t h e w i l d , n ame l y t he te rm v a r i e t a s '

. T h i s i s

n e ce s s a ry as to de s i g n a te a u n i fo rm sy s tem o f c l a s s i f i c a t i on o n a n i n te rn a tional s c a l e . T he te rm va r i e ta s h a s a p pe a red mo re fre q ue n t l y i n t h e l i te ra t u reon t he Co n i fe ra e , a l s o i t i s a n o l de r te rm . The te rms s u bs pe c i e s a n dfo rma s a re re ce n t te rm s i n w h i c h t h e d i s t i n c t i o n s be twee n the s e tenns a n dv a r i e ta s ' a re i l l - de f i ne d a n d p ro b a b l y s u bj e c t to b i a s op i n i on . T he re a re ma ny

ta x a o f t he Con i fe ra e a t t h e s pe c i e s l e ve l wh i c h a re c l o s e ly re l a te d a nd ye tthe re a re s ome t h a t a re ma rk e d l y d i s t i n c t from o ne a n o t he r . Fo r i n s ta n c e ,

P i n u s cembro i de s Z u c c . a n d P . c u l m i n i c o l a A nd r . et Be am . a re c l o s e l y re l a ted ,

whe re a s E, krempf i i Le comp te i s ma rk e d ly d i s t i n c t from t he s e , ye t a l l t he sed i s t i n c t i o n s a re a t t he ' s pe c i e s ' l e ve l . I n o t he r wo rd s , why s ho u l d o the r tenns

be i n trod u ced to d i s t i n g u i s h g re a te r d i s t i n c t i o n s be twee n d i ffe re n t i n fra s pe c i f i cta x a w i t ho u t g i v i n g a n eq u a l a rg ume n t to d i s t i n c t i o n s a t th e s pe c i e s l e ve l ' I t i s

a p p ro p i a te to c l a s s i fy d i ffe re n t s pe c i e s i n to d i ffere n t se c t i o n s o f a p a r t i c u l a rge n u s o n the b a s i s of t h e i r de g ree o f d i s t i n c t i o n s , howe ve r to i n t ro d u ce o the rcommo n l y u s e d te rm s s u c h h a s bee n do ne a t t h e i n fra s pe c i f i c l e ve l i s no t a t a l lne ce s s a ry . A l e ve l wh i c h c a n be d i s t i n g u i s he d from i n fra s pe c i f i c v a r i a t i o n i n t hew i l d a s op po s e d to i n fra s pe c i f i c v a r i a t i o n i n c u l t i v a t i o n o r c i v i l i z a t i o n i s t hetenn ' c u l t i v a r T he te rm c u l t i va r c a n be appropiately u s e d bec a u s e i t s l e ve lo f d i s t i n c t i o n i s q u i te d i ffe re n t from the va r i e ta s l e ve l . Ta x a a t the ' c u l t iv a r l e ve l a re u s u a l l y n o t fo u n d i n t h e w i l d a n d a re u s u a l l y t he re s u l t s o f c h a n ces ee d l i n g s o r o dd mu ta t i o n s wh i c h c u l t i v a t i o n g i ve s a be t te r c h a n ce o f s u rv i va lfo r t h a n i n t he w i l d . A l s o , a ' c u l t i v a r ' d i ffe r s from a va r i e ta s ' i n th a t i ti d no t s l ow l y d i ffe re n t i a te from t he ty p i c a l s pe c i e s by geo g ra p h i c i s o l a t i o n i nt he w i l d . My own de f i n i t i o n o f a v a r i e t a s '

i s a ta xon wh i c h i s u s u a l l y s ep a ra te dgeog ra p h i c a l l y from t he ty p i c a l va r i e ty , i s s i m i l a r i n ge ne ra l g ro s s mo rp ho l o gyto the typ i c a l va r i e ty , h owe ve r d i ffe r s i n a t l e a s t o ne o r mo re s i g n i f i c a n tco n s i s ten t mo rp h o l o g i c a l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s . An e x amp l e i s C up re s s u s l u s i ta n i c ava r . be n th am i i ( E n d l . ) Ca rr . , t h e ge ne ra l c h a ra c te r i s t i c s o f t h i s ta xo n we l l a g re ew i t h typ i c a l C . l u s i ta n i ca M i l l . Bo th tax a h a ve s h re ddy ba r k , d roo p i n gb ra n c h l e t s , a c u te l e a ve s w i t h i n co n s p i c uo u s g l a n d s a nd fema l e con e s wh i c h o pe nu po n ma t u r i ty . Howe ve r , g , l u s i ta n i c a va r . be n t h am i i d i ffe rs i n i ts b ra n c h l e t sbe i n g d i s po s e d i n o ne p l a ne , i ts g ree ne r fo li a ge w i t h mo re co n s p i c uo u s g l a n d so n yo u n ge r tree s a n d by i t s fema l e co ne s w i t h fewe r s c a l e s , whe re a s typ i ca l

2 , lu s i ta n i c a h a s i rre g u l a r l y d i s po s e d br a n c h l e t s w i t h g ray - g ree n fo l i a ge a n dw i th o b s c ure g l a nd s . Ano the r e x amp l e i s A b i e s p i n d row va r . bre v i fo l i a Dall im.

et J a c k s . , wh i c h a g ree s i n fema l e c o ne c h a ra c te r i s t i c s to typ i ca l 5, p i n d row( Lamb . ) Roy l e , h owe ve r i t i s d i ffe re n t i n i ts s ho rte r , s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d l ea ve sa n d by i ts red d i s h - brown bra n c h l e t s . I t i s my o p i n i o n th a t a s i ng l e s pe c i e ss ho u l d no t co n ta i n mo re t h a n fo u r v a r i e t i e s i n c l u d i n g t he typ i ca l v a r i e ty .

S i l b a , E n cy c l o pa e d i a C on i fe ra e

No do u b t th e re a re a l way s e x ce p t i o n s to t he ge ne ra l ru l e , howe ve r wha t I ams tre s s i n g he re a g a i n i s i n te rn a t i o n a l u n i fo rm i ty . I n t h e p a s t a u th or s h a vei n c l uded s pe c i e s w i t h s e ve ra l va r i e t i e s e a c h w i t h o t he r s e ve ra l s u b s pe c i e sa n d w i t h n ume ro u s fo rma s o f a s i n g l e s pe c i e s . S u c h tre a tme n ts a re q u i tem i s l e a d i n g a n d a re too b roa d . To a vo i d e x ce s s i ve l ump i n g o r s p l i t t i n g o f as pe c i e s I p ro po s e t h a t a s i n g l e s pe c i e s s h o u l d no t c o n t a i n mo re t h a n fo u rvariet ies , including t h e ty p i c a l variety , of t he Co n i fe rae , w i t h pe r h a p s o n l y afew e x ce p t i o n s to t h i s ge ne ra l r u l e .

8 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

Ta xon om i c Co n ce p ts

T h e Co n i fe rae a re a u n i q ue g ro u p of p l a n t s , ma ny ge n e ra a n d s pe c i e s a res i ng l e re p re s e n ta t i ve s o f re l i c fam i l i e s . I t i s a l s o i n te re s t i n g to n o te t h a tma ny s pe c i e s h a ve no t u n de rg on e ma g o r mo rp h o l o g i c a l c h a n ge s o ve r t he ma ny yea rsof t he i r e x i s te n c e on th e ea rt h . The va r i o u s s pe c i e s ma i n l y o c c u py co o l e rtempe ra te re g i o n s , b u t a re s c a tte re d o n ma ny co n t i ne n t s of t he e a r t h .

T he Co n i fe r s a re t he co ne - be a r i n g p l a n t s . T hey a re woody , u s u a l l y e ve rg ree ns h ru b s o r tree s ha v i n g t he i r s ee d s bo rne u po n ha rd o r pa pe ry s c a l e s a rra ng ed i ns p i ra l wh o r l s a ro u n d a ce n t ra l a x i s , fo rm i n g a woode n o r f l e s hy c o ne . A l lCo n i fe rs typ i c a l l y be a r t he i r po l l e n i n a re l a t i ve l y sma l l , t h i n - s c a l e d ma l eco ne , ea c h s c a l e be a r i n g a t l e a s t two po l l e n s a c s .

Th re e Orde r s o f Co n i fe rs a re a c ce p te d he re , t he se o rde rs c on ta i n a c omb i ne d to ta lof e i g h t fam i l i e s w i t h a to ta l of 553 s pe c i e s .

Orde r G I N KGOAL E S

T he l e a f e p i de rm i s i s u s u a l l y w i t h o u t a n ex o t he c i um . A tre e h a v i n g a d i s t i n c tmo de of fe r t i l i z a t i o n by mo t i l e o r free sw i mm i n g ma l e s pe rms . Fe r t i l i z a t i o n i s

u s u a l l y by w i nd po l l i n a t i o n . Fema l e t ree s be a r p a i re d o v u l e s .

Fam i l y G I N KGOAC EAE

A de c i d uo u s tree w i t h f l a t te ne d , fa n - s h a ped l e a v e s , w i t h n ume ro u s pa ra l l e lve i n s . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e s t ro b i l i c a t k i n - l i ke . Fema l e s tro b i l i bo r ne o n a l o n gs ta l k , u s u a l l y w i t h 2 te rm i n a l o v u l e s . Fema l e co n e d r u pe - l i ke , ora n ge -ye l l ow ,

f l e s hy , p u l py , w i t h o u t s c a l e s , ma t u r i n g i n on e ye a r , co n t a i n i n g a s i n g l e o v u l e .

See d s g l o b u l a r , th i n - s he l l e d , w i n g l e s s . A s i n g l e s pe c i e s o f the g e n u s G I N KGO .

Orde r TAXAL E S

Ma l e s tro b i l i u s u a l l y w i t h peri sporangiate mi crosporophllys ( t h ou g h re ce n t l yre c l a s s i f i e d a s be i n g hyposporangiate ) ; o v u l e s bo rne tenninally on fe rt i l ebra n c h l e t s ; o v u l e w i t h a v a r i a b l e n umbe r o f v a s c u l a r b u n d l e s tra n s ve r s i n g t hes eed coa t ; s eed s ne a r l y o r comp l e te l y co ve re d by a f l e s hy a r i l , u s u a l l y o nepe r co n e .

Fam i l y TAXAC EA E

E ve rg ree n t ree s o r s h ru b s . B ud s d i s t i n c t from the l e a ve s . Le a ve s u s u a l l ys omewha t l i ne a r , s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d t h o u g h o fte n a p pe a r i ng 2- ra n ke d , l e a ve sw i t h a s i ng l e ve i n , fl a t te ned . D i oe c i o u s u s u a l l y . Ma l e cone s w i t h 3-8m i cro s po rop hy l l s w i t h i n ve rted po l l en s a c s , s po rop hy l l s ra d i a l l y symme tr i c a lo r do r s i ve n tra l ; po l l e n g ra i n s w i ng l e s s . Fema l e co ne s ax i l l a ry , pe n de n t ,

ma tu r i n g i n o ne ye a r , co n ta i n i n g a s i ng l e , e re c t o v u l e w i t h o u t a s u b te n d i n gbra c t , t he s ee d pa rt l y o r mo re o fte n c omp l e te l y s u r ro un de d by a f l e s hy a r i lSeed s w i n g l e s s . Co ty l edo n s 2 , s i n g l e ve i ne d . Woo d w i t h o u t re s i n d u c ts .

F i ve ge ne ra , ma i n l y i n t he No rt he rn Hem i s p he re : AMENTOTAXUS , AUST ROTAX US ,

PS E UDOTAX US , TAX US , TORRE YA .

Fam i l y C E PHA LOTAXAC EA E

E ve rg ree n tree s o r s h ru b s . Bra n c he s o p po s i te o r i n who r l s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe rae 9

a r ra n ge d o n te rm i n a l b ra n c h l e t s , a p pe a r i n g 2 - ra n ke d o n l a te ra l b ra n c h l e t s . U s ua l l yd i oe c i o u s . Ma l e s t ro b i l i a x i l l a ry , s u b g l o bo s e , s po rop hy l l s w i th 3-5 po l l e n s a c s ;p o l l e n g ra i n s a re w i n ge d . Fema l e c o ne s pe n de n t , mu c h red u ce d , o n a l o n g pe t i o l e

,

ma t u r i n g i n o n e ye a r , c o n s i s t i n g o f a few de c u s s a te p a i r s o f s i mp l e b ra c t s e a c hs u b ten de d by two o v u l e s ; u s ua l l y o n e fe rt i l e o v u l e pe r cone , com p l e te l y co ve re dby a l e a t he ry , f l e s hy o u te r a r i l . Se e d s w i n g l e s s . A mon o typ i c fam i l y

,re p re s e n te d

i n t he No r the r n Hem i s p h e re by t he ge n u s C E P HALOTA X US .

O rde r C ON I F E RAL E S

T he l a rge s t o rde r of t he Con i fe rs c h ara c te r i ze d by h a v i n g s tam i n a te o rp o l l e n - p rod u c i n g c one s a n d mo s t o f wh i c h be a r o v u l a te o r s ee d p ro d u c i n g co ne s

F am i l y P O DOCA R PAC EA E

E ve rg ree n s h r u b s o r t ree s . Le a ve s u s u a l l y s p i ra l l y a rra n ged , s ome t i me sop po s i te , s c a l e - l i ke o r n ee d l e - l i k e , l i n e a r to l a nceo l a te . Mo n oe c i o u s o rd i oe c i o u s . Ma l e s t ro b i l i u s u a l l y c a t k i n - l i k e ; m i c ro s poro p hy l l s w i t h twoi n ve r te d po l l e n s a c s ; po l l e n g ra i n s u s u a l l y w i n ge d . Fema l e cone s ma t u r i n g i no ne ye a r m u c h re d u ce d to a few f l e s hy b ra c t s o r s c a l e s , p en de n t , u s u a l l ybo rn e on a t h i n pe d u n c l e , c on ta i n i n g a s i n g l e i n ve rte d o v u l e . Seed s c omp l e te l yco ve re d by a f l e s hy s t r u c t u re re fe rre d to a s a epimatium, w i n g l e s s . Co ty l e do n s 2 ,

wi t h 2 pa ra l l e l v a s c u l a r b un d l e s . Th i rtee n ge ne ra , mos t l y from the So u the rnHem i s p he re ACMOPYLE , DA C R Y CA RP US , DAC RY D I UM , DE C US SO CA RP U S , FAL CAT I FOL I UM

,

HALOCA RPU S , M I CROCAC H R Y S , MI CROSTROBUS , PARAS I TA X US , PH Y L LOCLADUS , PO DOCA R P U S,

P RUMNO P I TY S , SAXAEGOTHAEA.

Fam i l y ARAU CA R I AC EA E

Eve rg re e n t ree s w i t h s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , n a rrow o r broa d l e a ve s ofte n w i t hp a ra l l e l ve i n s . D i oe c i o u s o r mo n oe c i o u s . Ma l e s t ro b i l i re l a t i ve l y l a rge

, cyl indri cal , wi t h n ume ro u s s po ro p hy l l s a n d w i t h mo re o r l e s s l2 i n ve r te d po l l en s a c s ;po l l e n g ra i n s w i n g l e s s . Fema l e co ne u s u a l l y bo rne e re c t , s u bg l o bo s e to ov o i d

,

ma t u r i n g i n two ye a rs , re l a t i ve l y l a rge a n d m i l ky , fa l l i n g u po n ma tu r i ty ; s c a l e so ne - s ee de d , w i th o u t d i s t i n c t bra c t s . Co ty l e do n s 4 , o fte n fu s e d i n to 2 do u b l eco ty l e do n s . Two ge n e ra , ma i n l y from t he S o u t he r n Hem i s p h e re : AGATH I S , ARAU CAR I A .

Fam i l y CU P RE S SAC EA E

E ve rg ree n tree s o r s h ru b s . Mo n oe c i o u s o r d i oe c i o u s . B u d s u s u a l l y i n con s p i c uo u s .

J u ve n i l e fo l i a ge nee d l e - l i ke a n d s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d . Ad u l t l e a ve s , sma l l ,

u s u a l l y s c a l e - l i ke , a d p re s s e d , i n o p po s i te pa i rs o r s ome t i me s te rn a te . Ma l es tro b i l i g l o bo s e o r o b l o n g , w i t h re l a t i ve l y few , de cu s s a te s c a l e s ; po l l e n g ra i n so fte n ro u n de d . Fema l e c o n e s bo rn e e re c t , u s u a l l y g l o b u l a r , ma tur i n g i n l - 2ye a rs , re l a t i ve l y sma l l , w i t h re l a t i ve l y few woo dy o r s ome t i me s s omewh a tf l e s hy s c a l e s wh i c h me e t a t t he i r e dg e s ; th e fe rt i l e s c a l e s w i t h o ne ton ume ro u s e re c t o v u l e s ; bra c t s no t e x te rn a l l y v i s i b l e . Seed s o fte n w i th 2 n a rrow ,

b roa d w i ng s o r s ome t i me s w i n g l e s s . Co ty l e do n s 2-4 , re l a t i ve l y sma l l . N i ne tee nge ne ra , ma i n l y o f the No r the r n Hem i s p h e re : ACTINOSTROBUS , CALL I T R I S , CALOC E DRUS ,

C HAMA E CY PAR I S , x CUP R ES S OCY PA R I S , CU P RE S S US , DI SELMA, F I TZ ROYA , FOKI ENIA,

JU N I P E RU S , L I BOC E D RU S , M I C ROB I OTA , NEOCALLITROPSI S , P I LGERODEN DRON , P LATY C LADUS ,

TET RACL I N I S , THUJA , TH UJ OPS I S , NI DDRINGTONIA.

10 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

Fam i l y TA XOD I AC EA E

S h ru b s o r tree s u s ua l l y e ve rg ree n , s ome t i me s de c i d u o u s . Le a ve s l i ne a r toaw l - s h a pe d

,s p i ra l l y a rra n g ed , s ome t i me s s omewh a t 2 - ra n ke d . Mon oe c i o u s . Ma l e

s tro b i l i re l a t i ve l y sma l l ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s w i t h 2 -9 po l l e n s a c s ; po l l e n g ra i n sw i n g l e s s . Fema l e c o ne s u s u a l l y g l o bo s e , u s u a l l y ma tu r i n g i n o n e ye a r , re l a t i ve l ysma l l

,w i t h s e ve ra l o r ma ny s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d woody s c a l e s , s c a l e s mo re o r l e s s

f u s ed w i t h th e bra c t s , e a c h s c a l e be a r i n g 2 o r mo re i n ve r te d o v u l e s . Se ed softe n w i t h 2 n a r row e ve n w i n g s . Co ty l e do n s o fte n 2 . Te n ge ne ra , ma i n l y fromt he No r the rn Hem i s p h e re AT H ROTA X I S , C RY PTOME R I A , C U NN I N GHAM I A , GL Y PTOST ROBUS ,

METAS EQUO I A , S C I A DOP I TY S , S E QU O I A , S E QUO I ADE N DRON , TAINANIA, TA XOD I UM .

Fam i l y P I NAC EA E

S h r u b s to l a rge tre e s , u s u a l l y e ve rg re en , s ome t i me s de c i d uo u s . Mo n oe c i o u s .

B u d s s c a l y , d i s t i n c t f rom t he l e a ve s . Le a ve s nee d l e - l i ke , u s ua l l y s p i ra l l ya rra n ge d , s ome t i me s a p pe a r in g 2 - ra n ke d , o r s ome t i me s i n tu ft s ; u s u a l l y l e a v i n gd i s t i n c t ba s a l s c a r s a fte r t h ey fa l l . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , w i t h n ume ro u ss ca l e s ; m i c ro s po rop hy l l s w i t h two po l l e n s acs ; po l l e n g ra i n s u s u a l l y w i t h twob l a d de r - l i ke w i n g s . Fema l e co n e wo ody , e re c t o r pe n de n t , ma tu r i n g i n l - 2 yea rs ,

w i t h n ume ro u s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d s c a l e s ; bra c t s s e p a ra te d from t he c o ne s c a l e s ,

ex ce p t ne a r t he ba s e , u s u a l l y re l a t i ve l y sma l l a n d na rrow o r s ome t i me sl o n g e r t h a n t he s c a l e . Se ed s 2 pe r fe r t i l e s c a l e , i n ve rted , u s u a l l y w i t h o ne l o n gw i n g p roj e c t i n g ba c kwa rd s . Co ty l edo n s s e ve ra l to ma ny , ofte n s i n g l e - ve i n e d .

N i ne ge n e ra , ma i n l y from the N o rt he rn Hem i s p he re i n re l a t i ve l y coo l e r re g i o n s

AEI CS , C E DR US , KET E L E E R I A , LA R I X , P I C EA , P I N U S , P S E U DOLA R I X , P S EU DOTS UGA

,

UGA .

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe rae 11

AB I E S ( Pl in. e x To u rn . ) M i l l . ( P i n a ce a e )

A ge n u s o f 38 s pe c i e s from th e No r the r n Hem i s p h e re from N . Ame r i c a , E u ro pe,

N . Afr i c a , As i a a n d J a pa n . Mo n oe c i o u s e ve rg ree n t re e s o r s h ru b s w i t h b ra n c he s bo rn ei n who r l s a n d f l a t te ne d i n to a h o r i z on ta l p l a ne . B ra n c h l e t s g roove d o r smoo t h ,

ma r ke d a t t he b a s e w i t h pe r s i s te n t b ud s c a l e s from t he p re v i o u s ye a rs g rowt h .

Bud s o v a te , tenninal b ud s u rro un de d by 4 - 5 s e c o nd a ry b ud s . Le a ve s 2 - ra n k ed , s ome ti me s s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d , ne e d l e - l i k e , gen e ra l l y f l a t te n e d , l i nea r , be a r i n g s e ve ra lg ray i s h o r wh i te l i ne s o f s toma t a be l ow , kee l e d be l ow , ro u n de d o r no tc h e d a t t hea pe x , e a c h l e a f be a r i n g d i s t i n c t re s i n c a n a l s a n d l e a v i n g a c i rc u l a r s c a r whe nt hey fa l l . Le a ve s o n fe r t i l e b ra n c h l e t s mo re o r l e s s e re c t , i n c u rved to ne a r l yfa l c a te , t h i c ke ne d o r q u a d ra n g u l a r . Ma l e s tro b i l i ax i l l a ry , de n s e l y c l u s te re da l o n g u n de rs i de s of s e a s o n a l bra n c h l e t s , g l o b u l a r OF COHI C’ a p pe a r i ng i n t hes p r i n g , pe n de n t . Fema l e co n e s bo rn e e re c t , cy l i n d r i c a l , ge n e ra l l y re s i n o u s ,

ma tu r i n g i n o ne ye a r ; c one s c a l e s ro u n de d w i t h a h i d de n o r s ome t i me s p ro tru d i n gl o be d b ra c t wh i c h may be e re c t o r re fl e xe d , s c a l e s b re a k a p a rt from t he con ewhe n r i pe l e a v i n g a ce n tra l s p i k e a n d b a se - p l a te o n th e bra n c h l e t s . S ee d s 2 pe rs c a l e , w i t h o ne l o n g o v a l w i n g p ro j e c t i n g ba c kwa rd s . See d l i n g s w i t h 5-7co ty l e don s .

A . AL BA M i l l . Commo n S i l ve r F i r o r E u ro pea n S i l ve r F i rA . pardei Gaus sen

A pyram i d a l tree 45- 55 m . t a l l , 6 m . i n g i rth , w i t h a l o n g c l e a r bo l e ,

be com i n g f l a t - to p pe d w i t h a ge . Ba r k s moo t h , g ray , d i v i de d i n to s c a l e s , w i t hre s i n b l i s te rs . B ra n c h l e t s pa l e brown o r d u l l g ray , w i t h b l a c k i s h p u be s ce n c e ,

groo ve d . Bu d s o vo id , a pe x o b tu s e , p a l e brown to re dd i s h - b rown , s ome t i me ss l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , 8- ll nnu i n d i ame te r , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . Le a ve s u s u a l l y2- ra n ke d , s p re a d i n g ho r i z o n ta l l y be l ow , u p pe r o ne s mo re o r l e s s e re c t , di s tinctly p a rte d , g ro o ve d a bo ve , kee l e d be l ow , d a r k s h i ny g re e n a bo ve , l .5-3 cm . l on gby l . 5- 2 mm . w i de , g l a u c o u s to wh i t i s h - g ree n be l ow ; s toma ta u s u a l l y a b s en ta bove , i n 5- 8 ra n k s be l ow ; ba s e tw i s te d , a pe x n o tc he d o r ro u n de d . Ma l es tro b i l i l - 3 cm . l on g , b l ue - v i o l e t - re d . Fema l e con e cy l i n d r i c a l , a tte n u a te a tbo t h en d s , l o - l6 cm . l o n g by 3- 5 cm . w i de , g ree n i s h t u rn i n g re dd i s h - brown ,

s c a les f i ne l y p u be s ce n t ; bra c t s ex s e rte d a n d re f l exe d , a bo u t h e i g h t o f thes c a l e , s pa t h u l a te . See d obo v o i d , red d i s h , w i n ge d , to cm . l o n g .

Fra n ce ; Sw i t ze r l a n d ; Ge rma ny ; Au s t r i a ; Bu l g a r i a ; U SS R , 300- l950 m . a l t i t u de .

A . AMA B I L I S Do u g l . e x Fo rb . P a c i f i c S i l ve r F i r

A co n i c a l t ree 24 - 46 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h s h o rt , down - c u rv i n gb ra n c he s a n d w i t h a s p i re - l i ke c rown . Ba r k l i g h t g ray , smoo t h , t u rn i n g redd i s hg ray a n d s c a l y o n o l d tree s . B ra n c h l e t s p u be s ce n t , red - brown to g ray - b rownB ud s sma l l , s p he r i c a l , 6-9 mm. i n d i ame te r , w i t h v i o l e t wax . Le a ve s s p re a d i n gfo rwa rd s i n 2 rows , ove r l a p p i n g a bove , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s , n e a r l y co ve r i n gt he bra n c h l e t ; c u rve d u pwa rd s o n u p pe r b ra n c h l e ts ; g roo ve d a bove , s omewh a tf l a t te ned be l ow , d a r k s h i ny g ree n a bo ve , s i l ve ry -wh i te be l ow ; s toma ta few o ra b se n t a bo ve , i n 7-8 l i ne s be l ow ; 2 - 4 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , c rowde d , fe rnl i ke , a pex no t c h e d , c i tru s s ce n te d . Ma l e s tro b i l i redd i s h . Fema l e co ne o vo i dcy l i n d r i c , re s i no u s , p u rp l i s h the n brown , 8- l8 cm . l o n g by 5- 7 cm . w i de ;s c a l e s f i ne l y p u be s c en t ; b ra c t s h i dde n , p u rp l i s h , a bo u t l/2 he i g h t o f t hes c a l e . Seeds ye l l ow i s h - brown to pa l e brown , to cm . l o n g w i t h t he pa l e r w i n g .

C a n a da : N. Br i t i s h Co l umb i a ; U . S . A . S . E . A l a s k a to N.N. Ca l i fo rn i a , 305 1829

m . a l t i t ude .

12 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

A.BAL SAMEA ( L . ) M i l l B a l s am F i r

A n a rrow l y co n i ca l t ree l2 - 20 m . ta l l ,- 2 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a s p i re - l i ke

c rown a n d w i t h s p re a d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba rk b rown , smoo t h , re s i n o u s , be com i n g s c a l y .

B ra n c h l e t s f i ne l y p u be s ce n t , ye l l ow i s h g ray - b rown o r g ray i s h . B u d s o vo i d tog l o bo s e

,s c a l e s s l i g h t l y p u be s c e n t , 9- l l mm . i n d i ame te r , re dd i s h - p u r p l e ,

re s i n o u s.Lea ve s s p re a d i n g a t r i g h t a n g l e s i n 2 rows , w i t h a V - l i ke p a r t i n g ;

c u r ve d u pwa rd s o n u p pe r bra n c h l e t s ; g roo ve d a bo ve , ke e l e d be l ow , s h i ny da r k g ree na bo ve

, l . 5 cm . l o n g by l . 5- 2 mm . w i de , g ree n or g ray - g ree n be l ow ; s toma ta i n3- 4 s h o r t l i ne s a bo ve , i n 6- 8 l i n e s be l ow ; ba se twi s ted ; a pex po i n te d o r o bt u s e .

Ma l e s tro b i l i l . 5 cm . l o n g , g re e n i s h -ye l l ow , t i n ted p u rp l e . Fema l e cone re s i no u s ,

a p ex ro u n de d , b roa d l y o vo i d , 6- l o cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , b l ue - g ray - g re e no r p u rp l e t u rn i n g g ray - b rown o r v i o l e t - b rown ; s c a l e s ro u n de d , f i ne l y p u be s c en t ;bra c t s h i d de n , a bo u t l/ 2 s i z e o f t he s c a l e , s p i n e - t i p pe d . S eed s tr i a n g u l a r , n u tto 6 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 7 nun l o n g o r mo re , s tee l b l u e a bo ve , g ray be l ow .

Ca n a da : S . Y u k o n to Newfo u n d l a n d ; U . S . A . E . M i n ne s o ta to w. V i rg i n i a , to l2l9

m . a l t i t u de .

A BRACT EATA D . Do n e x Po i t . B r i s t l e c o ne F i rA . ve n u s ta ( Do u g l . ) K . Ko c h .

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l tree l2 - 3O m . ta l l , m . i n g i rth , w i t h a s p i re - l i k ec rown a n d w i t h s h o r t , s l i g h t l y d ro o p i n g bra n c h l e t s . Ba rk l i g h t re dd i s h - b rown ,

be com i n g s c a l y a n d s l i g h t l y f i s s u re d a t th e ba s e . B ra n c h l e t s smo o t h to s omewh a tp u be s c e n t , s h i ny l i g h t re d d i s h - b rown . B u d s fu s i fo rm , pa l e ye l l ow i s h - b rown , s ha rppo i n te d , l o - ZO mm . l o n g , n o n - re s i n o u s . Le a ve s s p re a d i ng a t r i g h t a n g l e s i n 2 rows ,

f l a t te n ed , s t i ff , po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s , d i s t i n c t l y p a rted , s h i ny da r k g ree n a bo ve ,

cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , w i t h 2 b ro a d wh i te ba n d s be l ow w i t h 9- l6 l i n e so f s toma ta , ba s e tw i s te d ; a pe x p u n ge n t , l o n g - s p i ned ; c ro s s s e c t i o n f l a t - co n ve x .

Ma l e s tro b i l i p a l e ye l l ow i s h , 5- 7 cm . l o n g by 2 - 3 cm . w i de . Fema l e co n e o vo i d ,

re s i no u s , 6- l4 cm . l o n g by 4 cm . w i de , v i o l e t - b rown to p u rp l e - b rown ; s c a l e st h i n , ro un de d , f i n e l y s e rru l a te ; bra c t s l on g ex s e rted , tr i l o be d , ye l l ow i s h - brown ,

ex te n d i n g 4 - 5 cm . beyo nd t he s c a l e s , re s i n o u s . See ds s h i ny , re dd i s h - b rown ,

mm . l o ng , w i n g 8- ll mm . l o n g .

Ca l i fo rn i a ; Mo n te rey Co u n ty , S a n ta L u c i a Mo u n ta i n s , 610- l524 m .

A . C EP HALON I CA Lo u d . G re c i a n F i r

A broa d l y pyram i da l t ree to 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rth , w i t h l o n g ho r i z o n ta lbra n c h e s . Ba r k g ray- b rown , smo o t h , be com i n g f i s s u re d i n to o b l on g p l a te s . Bra n c h l e t ssmoo th , br i g h t b rown o r re dd i s h - b rown . Bu d s co n i c a l o r o vo i d , re s i no u s , s c a l e sv i s i b l e a t t he a pe x , s u rro u n de d by the l e a ve s , v i o l e t to re dd i s h , s omewha t p u be scen t , l . 2 - l .6 mm i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , no t o r ra re l y g ro o ve da bo ve , kee l e d be l ow , da r k s h i ny g reen a bove , g reen i s h -wh i te be l ow ; w i t h 2 -3 s ho r ts toma ta l l i ne s a bo ve , w i t h 6-7 l i ne s o f s toma ta be l ow ; l .5 cm . l o n g by 2- 3 nnu

w i de , cro s s - se c t i o n f l a t te ne d , a pe x s h a rp - po i n te d . Ma l e s tro b i l i o vo i d , cm .

l o n g by 4 mm . wi de . Fema l e cone n a rrow l y cy l i n d r i c a l , brown i s h -re d to v i o l e t ,

a pe x ob tu s e o r w i t h a n i p p l e , s omewh a t re s i no u s , l2 - l6 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de ;s c a l e s cunei fonn, s omewh a t tr i a n g u l a r ; b ra c t s s h o rt , e re c t , s l i g h t l y pro tru d i ng

,

go l de n - brown , tr i a ng u l a r l y po i n te d , a bo u t he i g h t o f t he s ca l e . Seed s a n g u l a r,

re d d i s h , wi nged , l . 2 - l .9 cm . l o n g .

Gree ce : E p i ru s to E u be a Re g i o n , 760- 2000 m .

S i l b a, E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe rae 13

A . C E P HA LON I CA v a r . G RA E CA ( F ra n s ) L i u Apo l l o F i rA, ceph a l o n i c a va r . a ol l ini s ( L i n k ) Bei s sn A . nordmaniana subsp.

e g u i - trojani ( As c h . et Sinb . ) Coode et C u l l .

A na rrow l y con i c a l tre e 20- 30 m . ta l l , l . 8- 4 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a s omewh a tro u n de d c rown . Ba r k t h i c k , d i v i de d i n to s c a l y p l a te s , ye l l owi s h - g ray - brown .

Bra n c h l e t s s h i ny ye l l ow i s h - b rown to o ra n ge - brown , no n - p u be s ce n t . B ud s o vo i d ,

c he s tn u t - b rown , s c a l e s free a t th e a pe x , a pe x o b t u s e , l - l . 2 nnu i n d i ame te r ,

re s i no u s . Le a ve s den s e l y s e t , i r re g u l a r l y d i s p o s e d , mo s t l y l y i n g fo rwa rd a n dc rowde d o n up pe r s i de of b ra n c h l e t , c urv i n g u pwa rd s on the l owe r s i de o f thebra n c h l e t s , g roove d a bo ve n e a r t h e ba se , l . 5- 3 cm . l on g by l . 5- 2 m . w i de ,

w i th 2 wh i te ba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow w i t h 6- 8 l i ne s , a pex po i n te d o r o b t u s e .

Fema l e co ne cy l i n d r i c - o vo i d , re d d i s h - b rown to da r k brown , a pe x o vo i d , to l o cm .

l o n g by 4 cm . w i de ; b ra c t s l o n g e x se r te d a n d re f l e xe d , s ha rp po i n te d ,

l o be d . See d s to cm . l o n g w i t h t he w i n g , n u t to 6 mm . l o n g .

Gree ce : Mt . Pa rn a s s u s to N. An a to l i a , w . Tu r key , 760 - 2000 m .

A CHENSI ENSI S F ra n c h . S hen s i F i rA . fanj ingshanens i s Hu a n g , T u et Fu, A. salouenens i s Bo rd .

- Rey et Ga u s s .

A py ram i d a l tre e 50- 70 m . ta l l , to 6 m . i n g i rt h , be com i n g ro u n d o r f l a tto ppe d w i t h a g e . Tru n k s tra i g h t , w i t h s ho r t , ma s s i ve bra n c he s . Ba r k d a r k g rayo r l i g h t b rown , f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h , be c omi n g pa l e g ray , smoo t h o rg roo ve d . B ud s o v a te , n o t o r s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , 8- l l mm . i n d i ame te r , ye l l ow i s hbrown to re dd i s h . Le a ve s s p re a d i ng h o r i z on ta l l y , mo s t l y 2 - ra n ke d , w i t h a V- l i kep a r t i ng , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n to d a r k g re en , g roo ve d a bove , kee l e d be l ow , g ray i s hg l a u co u s - g ree n be l ow ; s toma ta a b s en t a bo ve , i n l l l i n e s be l ow ; l . 3- 4 cm . l o ng ,

s ome t i me s to 7 cm . l o n g , by 2 nnu w i de , a pex ro un de d to no tc hed . Fema l e co necy l i n d r i c o r o vo i d , g ree n t u r n i n g re dd i s h - brown o r g ray i s h , 8- l o cm . l o n g by4 - 5 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s o bo v a te , p u be s ce n t , s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s ; bra c t s h i dden ,

ye l l ow i s h - brown , a bo u t l/3 h e i g h t o f the s c a l e . Seed o bovo i d , n u t to 7 rnn.

l o n g , w i ng p a l e brown to l . 3 cm . l o n g .

C h i n a : S . E . Ka n s u ; S he n s i ; w . H u pe h : N.W. Y un n a n ; N. E . Kwe i c h ow ; po s s i b l yi n N . I n d i a ( As s am ) o r N . B u rma , 2lOO- 3500 m .

A . CI LI CI CA ( An t . ex Klotsch. ) Ca rr . C i l i c i a n F i r

A n a rrow l y pyr am i d a l tre e 25- 35 m . ta l l , to 2 . l0 m . i n g i rth , w i t ha s c e n d i n g bra n c he s . Ba r k a s hy - g ray , smoo t h , be com i n g deep l y f i s s u red i n to s c a l yp l a te s . Bra n ch l e t s smo o th , re d d i s h -ye l l ow- g ray to o l i ve - b rown , w i t h s c a t te re dp u be s ce n ce . Bu d s o vo i d , no n - re s i n o u s , c he s tn u t - b rown , s ca l e s kee l e d a n d free a tthe t i p s , l- l .8 nun i n diane tern Le a ve s speading upwa rd s a n d forwards ,or 2 - ra n ke dw i t h a V - l i ke p ar t i n g , l i ne a r , da r k g reen a bo ve , wh i t i s h - g ree n be l ow ; w i t h 2 - 3s ho r t l i ne s o f s toma ta a bo ve , i n 6-7 l i ne s be l ow i n n a rrow ba nd s ; 2 - 4 cm . l o n gby l . 5-3 nnu w i de , a pex e n t i re o r s l i g h t l y b i f i d . Fema l e co ne cy l i nd r i ca l , re dd i s hbrown , l5- 30 cm . l o n g by 4 -6 cm . w i de , a pe x b l u n t l y po i n ted ; s c a l e s fa n - s h a ped ;b ra c t s h i d de n , l/4 - l/2 he i g h t o f t he s c a l e , muc ro n a te . See d s redd i s h - b rown ,

w i n g obo vo i d , to 2 cm . l o n g .

E . Tu r key : Anti taurus Mt s . ; N . Sy r i a ; Leb a n on , lOOO- 2l00 m .

14 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A.CON CO LO R ( Go rd . et G l e n d . ) L i n d l . Co l o ra do W h i te F i r

A n a r row t ree 2l - 49 m . ta l l,

m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a po i n te d c rown , w i t hs ho r t

, synnetri cal ,h o r i z o n ta l b ra n c h e s . B ra n c h l e t s s h o r t l y p u be s c en t , g ray i s h

ye l l ow,br i g h t c o l o red . B ud s o vo i d , s l i g h t l y h i d de n by t h e l e a ve s , p u rp l i s h o r

go l de n,s c a l e s h i d de n by re s i n . Le a ve s s p re a d i n g ne a r l y a t r i g h t a n g l e s i n 2

rows,c u rved u pwa rd s a nd o u twa rd s a n d po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s o n u p pe r b ra n c h l e t s ,

s l i g h t l y c o n ve x a bove , concolored , g ray o r l i g h t b l u i s h - g l a u c o u s , br i g h te rbe l ow ; w i t h 6-8 wh i t i s h l i n e s o f s toma ta a bo ve , 5-8 s toma ta l l i ne s be l ow ;

cm . l o n g o r l o n ge r by 2 mm . wide , cros s s e c t i o n e l l i p t i c o r f l a t ten e dco n ve x ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 2 ; a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i nd r i c a l ,

ye l l ow i s h o r red , l . 2 - l . 9 cm . l o n g by 6 mm. w i de . Fema l e co ne cy l i n d r i ca l -ell i pt i c , p a l e g ree n o r b l ue - p u r p l e - v i o l e t , ye l l ow i s h - b rown a t ma t u r i ty ,

- l4 cm .

l o n g by - 6 5 cm . w i de , a pe x o b tu s e o r ro u n de d ; s c a l e s f i n e l y p u be s c e n t ;b ra c t s h i d de n , a t ba s e of t he s c a l e . Se e d s a n g u l a r , cunei fonn, ye l l ow i s hb rown o r g ray i s h , n u t to lo mm . l o n g , w i n g to l o mm . l o n g .

S . E . I d a ho to W . New Me x i c o , 6l o - 3353 m .

A . CONC OLO R v a r . LOWIANA ( Go rd . ) Lemm . Ca l i fo r n i a Wh i te F i r

A c o l um n a r t re e to 75 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rth , be com i n g s omewh a t ro u n d o rf l a t - to p pe d w i t h a ge . Ba r k fu rrowe d , g ray - b rown , w i t h re s i n b l i s te rs . B u d sre l a t i ve l y sma l l e r , coni cal . Branchlets s l i g h t l y p ube s ce n t , ye l l ow i s h - re d - brownt u rn i n g ye l l ow - b rown to o l i ve - g ree n . Le a ve s l i n ea r , 2 - ra n ke d , speading h o r i zo n t a l l y ,

g ro o ve d a bo ve , d u l l g re e n , t i n te d g l a u c o u s ; s toma ta i n ce n t ra l ba n d s a bo ve , i n6- l o l i ne s be l ow ; 3 cm . l o n g by 2 - 3 awn w i de , ba s e tw i s te d ; a pe x s l i g h t l yn o tc he d ; c ro s s - s e c t i o n f l a t - co n ve x . Ma l e s tro b i l i o va te - l a n ce o l a te , ye l l ow i s h o rred d i s h . Fema l e c o ne s g ree n t u rn i n g b rown , no t p u rp l i s h , o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , 8- l2 cm .

l o n g by 4 -6 cm . w i de , a pe x ro u n de d ; s c a l e s s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t ; bra c ts h i dde n ,

l o be d , a t ba s e o f t he s c a l e . Seed wi t h a n u t to l . 2 cm . l o n g , w i n g to l . 4 cm . l o n g .

S .W. Ore go n to N . Ba j a Ca l i fo rn i a , Me x i co .

A DE LAVAY I ( Va n T i e g h . ) Fra n c h . Delavay F i rA . beshanzuens i s Wu, A . fa b r i ( Ma s t . ) C ra i b . , A . nukiangens i s Chen g et Eu,

A con i c a l tree l8- 4O m . ta l l , to 4 m . i n g i r th . T ru n k s t ra i g h t , e re c t . Ba r kda r k g ray o r b rown i s h - g ray , f i s s u re d , ex fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n f l a ke s . Bra n c h l e t su s u a l l y smoo t h , s l i g h t l y g roo ve d , ye l l ow i s h - b rown o r g ray - b rown w i t h re d d i s hs po t s . Bu d s o vo i d - e l l i p t i c , w i t h re dd i s h - brown tra n s p a re n t re s i n , 8- lo mm . i nd i ame te r . Le a ve s s p re a d i n g ne a r l y a t r i g h t a n g l e s , u s ua l l y tw i s ted i n 2- ra n k s ,

l owe rl e a ve s s p re a d i n g o u twa rd s o r d ownwa rd s , da rk g re e n a bo ve , wh i t i s h be l ow ; s toma taa b s e n t a bo ve , i n 8- l2 l i n e s be l ow , l cm . l o ng o r l o n ge r by 2 mm . w i de ; a pexno tc he d ; ma rg i n s a c u te a n d re vo l u te . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , to 2 cm . l o n g

,

re dd i s h . Fema l e cone o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , b l u i s h - b l a c k o r d a r k v i o l e t , a pe x b l u n t l yro un de d , 6- ll cm . l o n g by 3- 4 cm . w i de ; b ra c t s ne a r l y a s l o n g as th e s c a l e s ,

u s u a l l y h i d de n , s ome t i me s s l i g h t l y re f l exe d , ye l l ow i s h - brown . See d s w i t h a n u t5-6 nnn l o n g , w i n g to 5 mm . l o n g o r l o n ge r .

N. E . I nd i a ; N . B u rma : C h i n a : T i be t ; N.W. Y u n n a n ; N. E . Kwa n g s i C h ua n g ; C he k i a n g,

l500 4 300 , p roba b l y s c a t te re d i n o t he r a re a s of 5. C h i n a .

S i l ba , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe ra e 15

A . D E LAVA Y I v a r . GEORGEI ( O rr ) Melv. Geo rge F i r

A tree 25- 30 m . ta l l , l- 3 m . i n g i rt h , w i t h h o r i z o n ta l b ra n c h e s a n d as p i re - l i k e c rown . Ba r k g ray , smoo t h t h e n f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e ts g roo ved , w i t hde n s e re dd i s h - brown o r p u r p l i s h p u be s c e n c e . B ud s o vo i d - o b t u s e to g l o bo s e ,

to l . 4 mm . i n d i ame te r , w i t h ye l l ow i s h re s i n . Le a ve s s p rea d i n g pe c t i n a te l y ,

br i g h t d a r k g ree n a bo ve , g ro o ved a bo ve , kee l e d be l ow , w i t h 2 g l a u co u s ba n d s o fl o s toma ta l l i n e s e a c h be l ow, l- 2 cm . l on g by 2 mm . w i de , a pe x no tc hed .

Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , o n a l o n g pe d u n c l e , b l a c k i s h , to 3 cm . l o ng .

Fema l e co ne o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c o r o b l o n g - o vo i d , o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , dee p v i o l e tbrown o r b l u i s h - b l a c k , a pex b ro a d l y ro u nde d a n d s l i g h t l y de p re s se d , 6- l o cm . l o ngby - 5 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s w i t h re d d i s h - brown p u be s ce n ce ; b ra c t s e re c t , ex s e rtedwe l l beyo nd he i g h t o f s c a l e s , n a rrow l y a c um i n a te . Se ed w i t h a n o v a te - o b l o ng

,b rown

n u t to l cm . l o n g ; w i n g b l a c k i s h - b rown to l . 8 cm . l o n g .

N . B u rma ; C h i n a : Y u n n a n a n d S z e c h u a n , 2600- 4200 m .

A . DE LAVA Y I v a r . SM I TH I I ( V i g . et Ga u s s . ) L i u Fo rre s t F i r

A, de l a v a y i v a r . fo rre s t i i ( Ro g . ) J a c k s . ex Chi tt A . yuanbaoshanens i sL u et F U c he n g i i Rushf .

A s l e n de r coni c a l tree 20- 40 m . ta l l , w i t h ho r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r k red d i s hb rown . Bra n c h l e t s r u s ty - re d to g ray - brown , smoo t h to s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . B ud sg l o bo s e to o vo i d , no t h i d de n by the l e a ve s , dee p brown w i t h wh i t i s h re s i n , tol . 4 mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s pe c t i n a te l y a rra n ge d i n a V- l i ke pa tte rn , g roo ve da bo ve , da r k s h i ny g ree n a bo ve , p rom i ne n t l y wh i te be l ow ; s toma ta a b s e n t a bo ve ,

i n l o- l2 l i ne s be l ow ; l . 5- 4 cm . l o n g by 2 nnu w i de , a pe x no tc he d . Ma l es tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , 9 nun l o n g by 3- 4 mm . w i de . Fema l e cone o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c ,

a pex ro u n ded , b l u i s h - b l a c k to brown i s h , to 9 cm . l o n g ; s c a l e s b roa d l y o va tec un ea te , p u be s ce n t ; b ra c ts u s u a l l y ex s e rte d a n d re f l e xe d , ye l l ow i s h - brown .

See d s w i t h a ye l l ow i s h n u t 9- l2 mm . l o n g ; w i n g p u rp l e - b rown , 12- 18 mm. l o n g .

N . Bu rma ; C h i na: N.W. Y u n n a n ; S .W. S ze c h u a n to N . Kwa n g s i Ch ua n g , l7oo- 4460 m .

A . DURANGENSI S Ma r t . Du ra n go F i r

A na rrow t ree 20- 40 m . ta l l , 60- l oo cm . i n g i rt h , w i t h a py ram i da l o rro u n de d c rown . Ba r k da rk re dd i s h - brown , f i s s u re d , e x te r i o r s u rfa ce g ray i s h .

Bra nc h l e t s re dd i s h - brown , smo o th to f i ne l y p u be s ce n t i n t he g roo ve s . Bu d so b l o n g - o vo i d , ve ry re s i no u s , w i t h p i n k i s h -ye l l ow re s i n . Le a ve s ne a r l y2- ra n ke d , l- 4 cm . l o n g by l . 5i nnu w i de , g roo ved a bo ve , kee l e d be l ow , br i g h tg ree n a bo ve , g l a u c o u s be l ow ; s toma ta o n bo t h s u rfa ce s , mo re n ume ro u s be l owi n 2 wh i te ba n d s w i t h I D l i ne s ; a pe x ro u n de d o r o b tu se . Fema l e co ne i ng ro u p s o f l- 2 , s u bcy l i n d r i c o r o b l o n g , p a l e to me d i um brown ,

- l o cm .

l o n g by - 4 cm . w i de ; s ca l e s o b l o n g - tra n s ve rs e ; b ra c t s h i dde n , a bo u t l/2he i g h t o f t he s ca l e or mo re . Seed s re s i no u s , w i t h a ye l l ow i s h n u t to 8 mm .

l o n g ; wi n g s 7- l o nun l o ng , o ra n ge -ye l l ow i s h .

Me x i co : Du ra n go a n d Ch i h u a h u a , a t l600- 2933 m . a l t i t u de .

16 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A. DURANGENSI S va r . COAHU I LENSI S ( Johns t . ) Ma rt . Coa h u i l a F i r

A tree 20- 30 m . ta l l , to 90 cm . i n g i r t h , Do u g l a s - F i r - l i ke i n h a b i t . Ba rkru go s e

,b l a c k i s h

,smo o t he r a n d pa l e r o n u ppe r p a r t s o f t h e t re e . Bra n c h l e ts

de n s e l y p u be s c e n t,brown i s h . Le a ve s n ea r l y 2 - ra n ke d , s h o r te r , l cm . l o n g

by l . 7 mm . w i de , s h i ny g ree n , hy po de rm t h i c k e r , f i b ro va s c u l a r b u n d l e c o n t i n uo u s ,

s toma ta o fte n o n l y o n t he u p pe r s u rfa c e , a pe x po i n ted o r obtuse . Female co neo vo i d ; a pe x po i n te d , w i th a s l i g h t n i p p l e ; b rown , to l o cm . l o n g by 4 cm . w i de ;s c a l e s o bo va te - c u n e a te , p u be s c e n t , e ro se - den t i c u l a te o n th e i r ma rg i n s ; b ra c t sh i d de n , a bo u t s i ze o f th e s c a l e . See d s w i t h a n u t 6-8 mm . l o n g , w i n g tol o mm . l o n g .

Me x i c o : Coa h u i l a ; N . S i e rra Ma d re , to 2270 m . a l t i t ude .

A . FARGE S I I F ra n c h . F a rge s F i rA . fa rge s i i va r . sutchuenens i s F ra n c h

A co n i c a l tree 35-65 m . ta l l , 2 - 5 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a cy l i n d r i c a l t r u n k .

Ba r k g ray i s h - brown , s c a l y , f i s s u re d o n o l d t ree s . B ra n c h l e t s smo o th , s l i g h t l yp u be s ce n t i n t h e g roo ve s , s l i g h t l y g roo ve d , da r k b rown , re dd i s h o r ye l l ow i s h .

B ud s o vo i d to b roa d l y o b tu s e , re s i no u s , k ee l e d , 8- l o mm . i n d i ame te r , p u rp l i s hred . Lea ve s s p rea d i n g a t nea r l y r i g h t a n g l e s , t ho s e be l ow pe c t i na te , g roo ve da bo ve , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re vo l u te , g ree n a bo ve , wh i t i s h be l ow ; s toma ta a b s en ta bo ve , i n l l l i ne s be l ow ; 2 - 3 cm . l o n g by nnu w i de , a pex ro u n de d o rno tc he d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , ye l l ow i s h , cm . l o n g by 5 mm . w i de .

Fema l e co ne p u rp l i s h o r d a r k re d - b rown , a pe x ro u n de d , bro a d l y cy l i n d r i c ,

5-6 cm . l o n g by 3- 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s o rb i c u l a r- t r i a n g u l a r ; b ra c t s h i d de n o rs l i g h t l y e x s e r te d a n d re f l e xe d , de n t i c u l a te . See d s wi t h a b l a c k i s h w i n g tol . 5 cm . l o n g .

C h i n a : N . Y u n n a n ; N.W. S ze c h u a n ; N.W. H u pe h ; S .W. S he n s i , l500- 3900 m. .

A FARGE S I I v a r . FAXONIANA ( Re h d . et W i l s . ) L i u Fa xo n F i rA . chayuens i s C he n g et Eu,

=A. de l a v ayi v a r . faxoniana ( Re h d . et W i l s . )J a c k s . ,

=A. ferreana Bo rd .

- Rey et Ga u s s . , A . mi nens i s B .- R. G

A c on i c a l t ree 20- 40 m . ta l l , to l . s m . i n g i rth , w i t h h or i z o n ta lbra n c he s . Ba r k da r k g ray a n d smo o t h , becom i n g f i s s u red . Bra n c h l e t s s l i g h t l yg roo ve d , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t , re d - b rown o r gray , t u rn i n g ye l l ow i s h . Bu d so vo i d , a pe x o btu s e , p u rp l i s h - b rown , re s i no u s , 8-9 mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve si rre g u l a r l y s p re a d i n g , g roo ve d above,bri ght ye l l ow i s h - g ree n a bo ve , g re e n i s hwh i te be l ow ; s toma ta a b se n t a bo ve , i n 8- l4 l i ne s be l ow ; l cm . l o n g by2 mm . wi de , ne a r l y 2- ra n ke d , s tra i g h t o r s l i g h t l y c u rve d , a pe x ro u n de do r f i ne l y no t c h ed . Ma l e s t ro b i l i re dd i s h , to l cm . l o n g . Fema l e co nebro a d l y ro u n de d , a pe x w i t h a b l u n t po i n t , o vo i d o r o b l o n g , s omewh a tre s i no u s , v i o l e t - p u r p l e o r da r k b l ue , 5-9 cm . l o n g by -4 cm . w i de ;bra c t s ex s e rte d a n d re f l e xed , re l a t i ve l y n a rrow , s omewh a t s p a th u l a te . See d s

wi t h a da r k brown - p u r p l i s h n u t , w i t h a b l a c k i s h to p u r p l e w i n g , l . 3- 2 cm .

o n g .

N. E. Bu rma ; C h i n a : C . Ka n s u ; N.W. S ze c h ua n ; T i be t , 2600-4000 m

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18 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A. GUATEMALENSI S Re h d . Guatemalen F i rA

. guatemalens i s var . jal i s cans A . tacanens i s L u n de l l

A co n i c a l t ree 20 - 35 m . ta l l , 60- 90 cm . i n g i rt h , w i t h h o r i z o n tal bra n c h e s

Ba rk b l a c k i s h - brown , d i v i de d i n to p l a te s . B ra n c h l e t s re d d i s h - b rown to dee pb l a c k i s h - re d , p u be s c e n t . B ud s g l o b u l a r - o vo i d , re s i n o u s , to 5 mm . l o n g .

Le a ve s s omew h a t c omb - l i k e o r nea r l y pe c t i n a te i n a rra n geme n t , u ne q ua l , dee pg ree n a bo ve , g l a u c o u s be ne a th , l . 5 cm . l o n g by l . 2 - 2 nnu w i de ; s toma tau s ua l l y a b s e n t a bo ve , i n 8- l o l i n e s be l ow ; re s i n c a n a l s 2 , ma rg i n a l ; a pexno tc he d a n d ema rg i na te . Fema l e co ne s o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , a pe x po i n ted tos omewha t f l a t te ne d , ye l l ow i s h - brown w i t h a v i o l e t b l oom , 8- ll . 5 cm . l o n gby 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s o b l on g , bro a de r t h a n l o n g ; b ra c t s h i d de n , a bo u tl/ 2 he i g h t o f t he s c a l e , c u n ea te - o bo v o i d . See d s l i g h t b rown , n u t to 9 mm .

l o n g , w i n g to l . 5 cm . l o n g .

S . E . Me x i co to W . G ua tema l a , l800- 4083 m . a l t i t ude .

A . HI CKELI F l o u s et Ga u s s . H i c ke l F i r- A. oaxacana Ma rt .

A co n i c a l t ree 20- 30 m . t a l l , w i t h a n i r re g u l a r c rown . Ba r k g ray ,

fu rrowed i n to q u a d ra n g u l a r p l a te s . B ra n c h l e t s da r k b rown to re dd i s h ,

s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . B u d s g l o b u l a r o r s l i g h t l y o vo i d , s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s ,

s c a l e s o b t u s e . Le a ve s ne a r l y 2 - ra n ke d , s p re a d i n g w i de l y , g roo ve d a bo ve ,

Da r k s h i ny g ree n a bo ve , l .5 cm . l o n g by l- l . 5 mm . w i de , f l a t te n edbe l ow ex ce p t ne a r t he ba s e , ma rg i n s s omewh a t re vo l u te , g l a u co u s be l ow ;s toma ta a b s e n t a bo ve , i n l4 - l6 l i ne s be l ow ; ba s e tw i s te d ; a pe x of te nn o tc he d . Fema l e c o ne cy l i n d r i c - o b l o n g , s h o r t l y po i n ted a t t he a pex o ro bt u s e , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , o n a pe d u n c l e l cm . l o n g , da rk b rown to v i o l e tbrown , 7— l2 cm . l o n g by - 7 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s s u bo rb i c u l a r , ma rg i n s de n ti culate; b ra c t s s l i g h t l y ex s e rte d , e re c t , t r i a n g u l a r - o vo i d . See d w i t h an u t 6- 7 mm . l o n g , w i n g o ra n ge - ye l l ow to l . 3 cm . l o n g .

S . Me x i c o : Ve ra c ru z ; G ue rre ro ; Oa x a c a ; C h i a p a s , l650- 3000 m. .

A . HOLOPHYLLA Ma x i m . Ma n c h u r i a n F i r

A na rrow l y co n i c a l tree 25- 40 m . ta l l , l . 2 - 5 m . i n g i r th , w i t hho r i zo n ta l b ra n c h e s . Ba r k s c a l y , g ray o r g ray i s h - b rown , bec om i n g s h a l l ow l yf i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s smo o t h , s h i ny g ray - b rown to ye l l ow i s h - g ray . B u d sa c um i n a te , p i n k i s h - b rown , free from the l e a ve s , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , l . 2- l . 8mm. i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s s p re a d i n g a t r i g h t a n g l e s u pwa rd s a nd o u twa r d sa bo ve , pe c t i n a te be l ow , br i g h t gree n a bo ve , g l a u co u s - g re e n o r g ray i s hbe l ow ; s toma ta u s ua l l y a b s en t a bo ve o r i n l - 2 s h o rt l i ne s ne a r t he a pe x ,

i n 7- l0 l i n e s be l ow ; 2 -4 cm . l o ng by 2 mm . w i de , c ro s s - s e c t i o n e l l i p t i c ,

s p i ne - t i p pe d , ba s e co n to r te d . Ma l e s tro b i l i p a l e ye l l ow t i n te d p i n k . Fema l eco ne cy l i n dr i c a l , re s i no u s , a pe x b l u n t l y ro u n ded a n d s omewh a t de p re s s e d ,

b l ue -ye l l ow- g ree n th e n br i g h t ye l l ow- b rown - g ray , l2 - l4 cm . l o n g by 4 -5 cm .

wi de ; s c a l e s smoo t h , bro a d l y ro u n de d ; b ra c t s h i dde n , a bo u t l/ 2 he i g h t o f t hes c a l e . See d s c u n e i fo rm , g ree n i s h -ye l l ow w i t h a long ,nearly q ua d ra n g u l a r w i n g .

U . S . S . R C h i n a : He i l u ng k i a n g ( Ma n c h u r i a ) ; N . Ko re a ; 0- l500 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe rae 19

A . HOMOLEPSI S S i e b . et Z u c c . N i k k o F i r

A py ram i da l t ree 25- 40 m . ta l l , l - 5 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h ho r i z o n ta l bra n c h e s .

Ba r k g ray i s h - b rown , w i t h e x fo l i a t i n g s c a l e s . Bra n c h l e t s s l i g h t l y smoo th , g rayo r b rown to ye l l ow i s h - b rown , t i n te d p i n k , dee p l y g roove d . B u d s ovo i d o r o vo i dcon i c a l , p a r t i a l l y h i d de n by t he l ea ve s , c h o co l a te b rown w i t h w h i te re s i n

,

l0- l4 mm . i n d i a me te r . Le a ve s s p re a d i n g o u twa rd s a n d u pwa rd s , w i th a d i s t i n c tV— l i k e pa r t i n g a bo ve , s p re a d i n g ho r i zo n ta l l y be l ow , f l a t te ne d o n bo t h fa c e s ,

s h i ny da r k g ree n a bo ve , b l u i s h -wh i te be l ow , l - 3 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de ;s toma ta ve ry s ca rc e a bo ve , i n 6- 8 l i ne s be l ow ; c ro s s - s e c t i o n a v i c u l a r , ba s etw i s ted , a pe x o b t u s e o r b i f i d . Ma l e s tro b i l i ovo i d , ye l l ow i s h - g reen , s tame nd a r k p u r p l e , l . 4 cm . l o n g by 7 mm . w i de . Fema l e c on e cy l i n d r i c a l , a pe x ro u n ded ,

re s i no u s , da r k v i o l e t t he n brown , 7- l0 cm . l o n g by 3- 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s s l i g h t l yp u be s ce n t , de n t i c u l a te ; b ra c t s h i d de n , a bo u t l/2 he i g h t o f the s c a l e . Se ed sg ray i s h , to l . 8 cm . l o n g .

J a pa n : Mo u n t Adsuma to Mo u n t Takakuma, 700- 2200 m. .

A . KAWAKAMI I ( Hay . ) I to Kawa kam i F i r

A s h ru b o r py ram i da l tree l5- 35 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i r th , w i t h a s tra i g h t ,

e re c t tr u n k . Ba r k smoo t h a n d re s i no u s , g ray - wh i te , be com i n g g ray - brown a n d s c a l y .

B ra n c h l e ts dee p ly g roo ve d , ye l l ow i s h - gray to da r k brown , wi t h brown p u be s ce n c e .

Bu d s o vo i d , ve ry re s i n o u s , b rown to re dd i s h , s c a l e s o b t u s e , to l mm . i n d i ame te rLe a ve s po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s , c u rv i n g o u twa rd s a n d u pwa rd s , o ve r l a p p i n g a bo ve ,

s tro n g l y g roo ve d a bo ve , d a r k g ree n a bo ve , wh i t i s h be l ow , l . 5- 3 cm . lon g by l . 7

nnu w i de ; s toma ta ne a r t he a pe x a bo ve , i n 7-8 l i n e s be l ow ; a pex no tc he d .

Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , to l . 5 cm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne b roa d l y cy l i n dr i c , a pe xro u n de d a n d s omewh a t de p re s s e d , 6 cm . l o n g by - 4 cm . w i de , p urp l e - v i o l e ta t ma tu r i ty ; b ra c t s h i dde n , a bo u t l/ 2 he i g h t o f t he s ca l e , l o bed . See d s b l a c k i s h ,

wi ng to l .6 cm . l o n g .

Ta i wa n : Mo u n t Mo rr i s o n , 2400- 3800 m. .

A . KOREANA W i l s . Ko re a n F i r

A s h ru b o r b ro a d l y pyram i d a l tree 9- l8 m . ta l l , l - 2 m . i n g i r t h . Ba rk smoo t h ,

w i t h re s i n b l i s te r s , t he n fu rrowed a nd p l a te - l i ke , p u rp l i s h t he n pa l e g ray , i n ne rba r k re dd i s h - b rown . Bra n c h l e t s groove d , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t , s h i ny g ray o r ye l l owi s h - re d be com i n g p u rp l i s h . B u d s ovo i d , free from the l e a ve s , c he s tn u t- brown tore d w i t h wh i t i s h re s i n , 8- l . 2 nun i n d i ame te r . Lea ve s c rowde d , s p rea d i ng u pwa rd sa n d o u twa rd s , ne a r l y s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , s tra i g h t , l i ne a r , kee l e d be low , s h i ny g ree na bo ve , b l u i s h - wh i te be l ow ; s toma ta u s u a l l y a b s e n t a bove , w i t h l0 s toma ta l l i n e sbe l ow ; l cm . l o n g by 2- 3 mm. w i de , a pex no tc hed . Ma l e s trob i l i g l o bu l a r- o vo i d ,

re dd i s h -ye l l ow o r g ree n t i n te d v i o l e t - brown , l cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Fema l econ e b roa d l y ro u n de d , b l u n t - to p ped , 5-7 cm . l o n g by - 4 cm . w i de , b l ue - g ray the nda rk v i o l e t wi t h wh i te re s i n s po t s ; s c a l e s re n i fo rm ; bra c t s s l i g h t l y ex se rted a n dre f l e xe d , re dd i s h - brown . Seed ovo i d , n u t v i o l e t- p u rp l e , 7mm. l o n g ; w i ng re dd i s hbrown .

Ko re a : Chiri san, to lo00 m. .

20 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A . LAS I OCAR PA ( Hoo k . ) N u t t . S u ba l p i n e F i rA . b i fo l i a Mu r r .

A na r row l y co n i c a l tree l8- 50 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , de n s e l y b ra n c he d,

w i th a s p i re - l i k e c rown a n d w i t h rows o f ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s n ea r l y to t he ba s e .

B ra n c he s s omew h a t pe n de n t . Ba r k s i l ve ry t he n g ray , dee p l y f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t ss l i g h t l y p u be s c e n t , s l i g h t l y g roo ve d , re dd i s h t he n g ray . B u d s o vo i d to g l o b u l a r

,

re s i no u s , g ray o r g ray - b rown , 8- ll nwu i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s d i re c te d fo rwa rd sa n d u pwa rd s o r ne a r l y 2 - ra n ke d , f l a t te ne d a bove , kee l e d be l ow , da rk g ree n tod u l l ye l l ow - g ray - g ree n a bo v e , g l a u co u s - g ray - g ree n be l ow , l . 5 cm . l o n g byl . 5- 2 mm . w i de ; wh i t i s h s toma ta i n s e ve ra l l i n e s a bo ve , i n 6- 7 l i n e s be l ow ;ba s e tw i s te d , c ro s s - s e c t i o n e l l i p t i c , a pe x o bt u s e o r b i l o be d . Ma l e s tro b i l io vo i d , da rk i n d i go - b l ue to v i o l e t , t i n ted ye l l ow , to l . 2 cm . l o n g by 6 run

w i de . Fema l e co ne cy l i n d r i c - o vo i d , b l u n t l y ro u n de d a t t he a pe x , v i o l e t - p u rp l ea n d g ray - g ree n be c om i n g b r i g h te r , 5- lo cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; s ca l e sf i ne l y p u be s ce n t , tr i a n g u l a r ; bra c t s h i d de n , a bo u t l/ 2 he i g h t o f the s c a l e .

See d w i t h a c u ne i fo rm n u t to 7 nnu l o n g , i vo ry - b rown ; w i n g br i g h t fawn - p u r p l e .

W. Ca n a d a ; S . E . A l a s k a to C . U ta h , 600- 3650 m. .

A . LAS I OCA RPA v a r . AR I ZON I CA ( Me r r . ) Lemm . Corkbark F i r

A tree l5- 30 m . ta l l , to 30 cm . i n g i r t h . Ba r k c re amy -wh i te , th i c k a n dco rky , be com i n g p l a te - l i ke a n d e x fo l i a t i ng , no n - re s i no u s . B ra n c h l e t s p u be s ce n t ,

fa i n t l y g roo ve d , ye l l ow i s h - g ray o r da r k g ray . B ud s g l o bo s e , pa rt i a l l y h i d de nby t he l e a ve s , re s i n o u s , g ray - g ree n , to 9 mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s c u rv i ng u pwa rd so r i rre g u l a r l y pe c t i n a te , of te n mo re d i s t i n c t l y pe c t i na te , b l ue - g ree n w i t h ame d i a n wh i te b a n d a bo ve , wh i te r be l ow , l cm . l o n g by mm. w i de , w i t h 2med i a n re s i n ca na l s , a pe x ema rg i n a te o r notched, leaves f l a t te n e d a bo ve ; s toma tai n 5- 7 l i ne s a bo ve , i n 5- 7 l i n e s be l ow . Fema l e co ne cy l i n dr i c a l - e l l i p s o i d a l , a pe xovo i d , da r k p u rp l e , 5 cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de ; b ra c t s h i d de n , b l a c k i s h , s h a rppo i n te d . See d w i t h a ye l l ow- brown o r l i g h t v i o l e t n u t to 6 mm . l o n g .

E . Ar i z o n a ; Co l o ra do ; New Me x i c o , 2700- 4000 m. .

A . MAGN I F I CA A . Mu rr . C a l i fo rn i a Red F i r

A co n i c a l tree l8- 37 m . ta l l ,- 4 m . i n g i r t h , w i th a n o pen , ro u n ded

c rown , a n d wi t h s ho r t , n ea r l y ho r i z o n ta l bra n c he s . Ba r k red d i s h - brown , de ep l yfurrowe d . Bra n c h l e t s f i n e l y p u be s c e n t a t f i rs t , v i o l e t - g ray - b rown to g ree n i s h ,

t i n ted p u rp l e . Bu d s g l o bo se , p u rp l i s h - v i o l e t - b rown , s c a l e s free a t t he ba s e a n dp u be s ce n t . 4 - l o mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s s p re a d i n g i n 2 rows , s p re a d i n g o u twa rd sa n d u pwa rd s , c u rv i n g fo rwa rd s , c rowded a nd c u rve d o n u p pe r bra n c h l e ts , kee l e do n bo t h fa ce s , g l a u co u s g ray - g ree n o n bo t h fa ce s , l owe r fa ce b r i g h te r ,

cm . l o n g by l . 5- 3 mm . w i de ; u ppe r fa ce w i t h 5-8 l i ne s o f wh i t i s hs toma ta , l owe r fa c e w i t h 4 -5 l i ne s o f wh i t i s h s toma ta ; c ro s s - s e c t i o nd i amo n d - s h a pe d ; a pex o b tu s e to b l u n t l y a c u te . Ma l e s tro b i l i re dd i s h - p u rp l e .

Fema l e co ne cy l i nd r i ca l , a t to p s o f tree s , re s i no u s , ro u n de d a t the a pex , v i o l e tpu rp l e t he n p u rp l i s h - brown , 15- 23 cm . l on g by - l2 cm . w i de ; s ca l e s f i ne l yp u be s ce n t ; bra c t s u s u a l l y h i d den , ye l l ow i s h , a bo u t he i g h t o f t he s c a l e .

Seed s brown , o vo i d , n u t to 6 mm . w i de , w i n ge d , to cm . l o n g .

S.W. Ore go n ; N . Ca l i fo rn i a to W . Ne va da , l829- 274 3 mRe d F i r hybr i d i ze s w i t h No b l e F i r ne a r Mo u n t S h a s ta , N . Ca l i fo rn i a , t h i s

hybr i d e n t i ty wa s fo rme r l y re cog n i z e d a s a va r i e ty o f t he fo rmer s pe c i e s .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe ra e 21

A . MA R I E S I I Ma s t . MAR I E S F I R

A t ree 24 - 26 m . ta l l , to 2 m . i n g i rt h , w i t h a s tra i g h t tru n k a n d w i t h a no va l o r f l a t - to p pe d c rown . Ba r k p a l e g ray o r g l a u co u s , s moo t h , b l o ome d p u rp l e

,

n ea r l y wh i te o n o l d t ree s . B ra n c h l e t s p rom i n e n t l y p u be s ce n t whe n yo u n g,d a r k

b rown to re d d i s h - g ray . B ud s s p he r i c a l , s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , fre e from t he l e a ve s,

re d - b rown to g ray - b rown . Le a ve s ove r l a p p i n g , po i n te d fo rwa rd s a bo ve , c rowde d o nt he u p pe r s i d e s o f t he b ra n c h l e t s , pe c t i n a te be l ow a n d ove r l a p p i n g , g roo ve da bo ve , b r i g h t g ree n a bo ve , g l a u c o u s -ye l l ow to wh i t i s h be l ow ,

- 2 cm . l o n g by2 mm . w i de ; s toma ta a b s e n t a bo ve , i n 7 l i ne s be l ow ; a pe x ro u n de d o r b i f i d .

Ma l e s tro b i l i s ho r t , re d d i s h to ye l l ow i s h- c a rm i n e a n d s l i g h t l y d a r ke ne d . Fema l econ e e l l i p s o i d a l , ro u n de d a t bo th e n d s , a pe x s omewha t f l a tte ned , da r k b l ue t he nb l a c k i s h - re d - brown , 7- l5 cm . l o n g by 4 -5 cm . w i de ; bra c t s h i d de n , a bo u the i g h t o f the s c a l e s . See d w i t h a ye l l ow i s h - re d n u t , w i n g p u rp l i s h—b rown .

C . J a pa n : Ho n s h u , Mo u n t Hakkoda, l000- 2900 m. .

A . N E B RODE NS I S ( Locaj .- Po j . ) Ma t te i Si l i cian F i r

A tree 8- 15 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a b roa d ro u n ded o r s omewh a tf l a t te ne d c rown . Ba r k s h a l l ow l y f i s s u re d a n d f l a ky , o ra n ge . Bra n c h l e t s grayg ree n to ye l l ow i s h , g roove d , ra re l y w i t h brown p u be s ce n ce . Bu d s ov o i d - co n i ca l ,

smoo t h , s ome t i me s s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , p a l e re d d i s h - brown , 7-9 mm . i n d i ame te r .

Lea ve s n ea r l y 2 - ra n ke d , s p re a d i n g ho r i z o n ta l l y , no n - pe c t i n a te , l i n e a r , r i g i d ,

g roo ve d a bo ve , da r k s h i ny g ree n a bo ve , g l a u co u s be l ow ; s toma ta ra re l y p re s e n ta bo ve , in 9- l2 l i n e s be l ow ; l . 2 - 2 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , a pe x ro u nded o rno tc he d . Ma l e s tro b i l i w i t h po l l e n g ra i n s 85 m i c ro n s i n d i ame te r . Fema l e co necy l i n dr i c a l , ro u n de d a t the a pe x , re l a t i ve l y s to u t , da rk brown , l3- 20 cm . l o n gby 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s f i ne l y p u be s ce n t a t t he ma rg i n s ; bra c ts e x s e rte d a n dre f l e xe d . See d to 7 mm . l o ng .

I ta l y : S i c i l y : Pol i z zo, Mo n te Ce rvo , a t l400- 2000 m. , ve ry ra re .

A . N E P H ROL E P I S (Trautr . ) Ma x i m . E a s te rn S i be r i a n F i r o r Khinghan F i r

A n a rrow l y pyram i d a l t ree 25- 35 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i rth , w i t h

ho r i zo n ta l s p rea d i n g b ra n c h e s a n d wi t h a de n se c rown . Ba rk g ray -wh i te to l i g h tg ray - brown , smoo th , be com i n g s ha l l ow l y f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s s l i g h t l y g roo ved ,

p u be s ce n t , ye l l ow i s h -wh i te to ye l l ow i s h - b rown . B u d s ovo i d , h i d de n by t he l e a ve s ,

s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , v i o l e t -wh i te ; s c a l e s o b tu s e , s l i g h t l y kee l ed ; lO- l3 um. i nd i ame te r . Lea ve s po i n t i n g fo rwa rd , co ve r i n g the b ra n c h l e t , pec t i n a te be l ow , l i ne a r ,

g roo ve d a bo ve , f l a t te ne d be l ow , da r k s h i ny ye l l ow- g ree n to da rk g ree n a bo ve ,

g ray i s h - g ree n be l ow , l . 5 cm . l o ng by l . 2 - l . 5 mm . w i de ; s toma ta u s u a l l y a b s en ta bo ve , i n 4 -5 l i ne s be l ow ; c ro s s - s e c t i o n e l l i p t i c , a pex ro u nded o r no tc he d . Ma l es tro b i l i red d i s h -ye l l ow . Fema l e co ne cy l i n d r i ca l , a pex po i n ted wi t h a s h o r tn i p p l e , re dd i s h - brown to da r k v i o l e t ,

-8 cm . l o n g ; s ca l e s ne a r l y hor i zo n ta l ,

p u be s ce n t ; bra c t s s l i g h t l y ex s e r te d , ra t he r broa d l y co ve r i n g t he s c a l e ; co nel . 5- 2 cm . w i de . See d w i t h a da rk brown n u t , w i n g v i o l e t- p u rp l e .

N . C h i na ; E . S i be r i a ; Ko re a , 500- 2000 m. .

22 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A.N OR DMAN N I ANA ( Stev. ) S pa c h . Ca u c a s i a n o r No rdma n n F i r

A co n i c a l t ree 30 -60 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i th a s c e n d i n g b ra n c he s .

C rown po i n te d , s ome t i me s s omewh a t f l a t te ne d . Ba r k smoo t h , g ray , w i t h re s i nb l i s te rs . Bra n c h l e t s v a r i a b l y p u be s c e n t , g roo ve d , s h i ny ma roo n o r ye l l ow i s hg ree n . B ud s o vo i d , po i n ted , s h i ny brown , s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , 9- l5 mm . i nd i ame te r . Le a ve s po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s a n d o ve r l a p p i n g a bo ve , pe c t i n a te be l ow ,

g roo ve d a bo ve , da r k s h i ny g ree n a bo ve , wh i t i s h be l ow ; s toma ta i n l - 3 s ho rtd i s c o n t i n uo u s l i n e s a bo ve , i n 8- lo l i n e s be l ow ; l .5 cm . l o n g by l .5- 2 mm .

w i de , a pe x no tc he d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i b r i g h t re d o r br i g h t ye l l ow i s h , t i n te d b rowno r p i n k i s h , l . 5 cm . l o n g by 5-6 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne cy l i nd r i c a l -e l l i p t i c ,

re s i no u s , a pe x w i t h a b l u n t n i p p l e , da rk v i o l e t - b rown to brown , ll - l8 cm . l o n gby 4 -6 cm . w i de ; bra c t s e x s e r te d a n d re f l ex e d , l o be d , he i g h t of s c a l e o rmo re . See d w i t h a n u t to l . 3 cm . l o n g , w i ng to 2 cm . l o n g .

N. E . T u rkey ; W. C a u c a s u s ; s o u t he r n 900- 2200 m. .

A . N UM I D I CA De La n n . e x Ca rr . A l ge r i a n F i r

A py ram i da l tree to 20 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rt h . Ba r k g ray , smoo t h ,

be com i n g re d d i s h - brown , f i s s u re d a n d s c a l y . B ra n c he s somewha t pe n de n t , s t i ff .

Bra n c h l e t s smoo t h , g roo ve d , s h i ny g ray - brown . B u d s l a rge , o vo i d , no n - re s i n o u s ,

po i n te d , l . 5- 2 mm . i n d i ame te r , p a l e re dd i s h - brown . Lea ve s s p re a d i ng fo rwa rd sa nd u pwa rd s , m i d d l e l e a ve s s omewha t re c u rve d , a rra n ge d ho r i zo n ta l l y be l ow ,

g roo ve d abo ve , da r k g ree n a bo ve w i t h b ro ke n l i n e s o f s toma ta nea r t he a pe x ,

wh i t i s h - g ree n be l ow w i t h 7- l0 s toma ta l l i n e s , l . 5- 3 cm . l o n g by 2 - 3 mm . w i de ,

a pex e n t i re a n d b l u n t l y a c u te . Ma l e s tro b i l i o vo i d , s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , ye l l owi sh- g ree n t he n p i n k - p u rp l e - v i o l e t , l . 5 cm . l o n g by 6-7 mm . w i de . Fema l e c o ne scy l i n d r i c a l , re s i n o u s , a pe x w i t h a po i n te d n i p p l e , g ree n i s h -ye l l ow t he n b rowni sh- g ray , l2 - 20 cm . l o n g by 3-6 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s fa n - s h a ped ; b ra c t s h i dde n ,

a bo u t l/2 s i ze o f t he s c a l e . See d s w i t h a p u rp l i s h w i n g .

A l ge r i a : Co n s ta n t i n e , Ka by l i e Ra n ge s , l800- 2010 m. .

A . P I N DROW ( L amb . ) Roy l e P i n d row F i r

A n a rrow l y c o n i c a l tree 47-60 m . ta l l , 4 -6 m . i n g i r th , w i t h de n s e ,

ho r i zo n ta l bra n c he s . Ba r k s moo t h , s ivery , be com i n g f i s s u re d a n d gray - b rown .

Bra n c h l e ts smoo t h , ye l l ow i s h - g ray to g ray . B ud s con i c a l , o b tu s e , o ra n ge - b rowno r g ray i s h - re d , re s i n o u s , l .5- l . 72 mm. i n d i ame te r , w i t h wh i te re s i n . Le a ve ss pre a d i n g fo rwa rd s a n d u pwa rd s , c o ve r i n g t he bra n c h l e t a bo ve , ho r i zo n ta l l ys p re a d i ng be l ow , s pre a d i n g o u twa rd s a n d downwa rd s be l ow , pe rs i s t 3-8 yea rs ,

l i nea r , da r k s h i ny g ree n a bove , gree n i s h be l ow ; s toma ta u s ua l l y a b s e n t a bove ,

i n 2 fa i n t g ray ba n d s be l ow w i t h 6- 7 s toma ta l l i ne s ; - 7 cm . l on g by l . 7

mm . w i de , ba s e tw i s ted , a pe x no tc he d . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , pa l e ye l l owt i n te d p i n k or v i o l e t , 8- l2 m . l o n g by 6 rim. wi de . Fema l e con e cy l i n dr i co b tu s e to o vo i d , a pex b l u n t l y ro u n de d , v i o l e t p u rp l e to p a l e b l ue t ur n i ngd a r k brown , re s i n o u s , l0- l8 cm . l o n g by 5-8 cm . w i de ; bra c t s h i dde n , a bo u tl/3 h e i g h t o f the s c a l e . See d w i t h a re dd i s h - brown n u t , w i ng b l a c k i s h - brown .

Afg h a n i s ta n ; Pa k i s ta n ; N.W. I n d i a ; Ne pa l ; to S . T i be t , C h i n a , 2000- 3700 m. .

S i l ba , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C on i fe rae 23

A.P I N DROW va r . BR E V I FOL I A Dal l im. et J a c k s . Gamb l e F i r—A. gamblei H i c ke l

A tree to l7 m . o r mo re . B ra n c h l e t s s h i ny re dd i s h - brown , smoo th . B u d s re l a t i ve l yl a rge

,o b t u s e , re s i n o u s , v i o l e t - re d , l . 3 mm . i n d i ame te r . Lea ve s S p i ra l l y

a rra n ge d , a c u te , s h i ny a bo ve , p a l e r be l ow , 2 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de ; s toma taa b s e n t a bo ve , i n g ree n i s h - wh i te ba n d s be l ow w i t h 7- 9 s toma ta l l i ne s ; c ro s ss e c t i on e l l i p t i c ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 2 ; ma rg i n s o b t u s e , pe t i o l e t h i c ke n e d ,

a pe x no tc he d o r a c um i n a te . Fema l e co ne ro u n de d , s l i g h t l y f l a t ten e d a t t he a pe x ,

pa l e b l ue a t f i r s t , to l5 cm . l o ng , bra c t s h i d de n .

N.W. I n d i a : Ka s hm i r , Gullmack; Ga rwha l , Ga ur i k u n d ; C h amba .

A . P I N SAP O Bo i s s . S p a n i s h F i r

A na rrow l y co n i c a l t ree 25- 30 m . t a l l , to m . i n g i rt h . Ba r k smoo t h ,

da r k g ray o r p u rp l i s h - b l a c k , be com i n g f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s smoo t h , g roo ve d ,

re dd i s h - brown . B u d s o vo i d , ob t u s e , re s i n o u s , g re en i s h to p u rp l i s h - brown ,

s c a l e s p ro j e c t i n g a t the a pe x , u p pe r s c a l e s a c u te , 9- ll mm . i n d i ame te r .

Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d a t ne a r l y r i g h t a n g l e s , s tra i g h t , s omewh a t fa l c a te ,

da r k g ree n t i n te d b l u e o r g ray - g ree n ,- l .8 cm . l o n g by l .5 mm . w i de ,

w i t h 2 g ree n i s h -wh i te b a nd s o f s toma ta be l ow w i t h 7-8 s toma ta l l i ne s , s toma taa b u n da n t a bo ve , c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amon d - s h a pe d to e l l i p t i c , a pex po i n te d o ro b t u s e . Ma l e s tro b i l i a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e t s , p u rp l i s h o r ro s e - c a rm i ne - v i o l e t ,

l- l . 5 cm . l o n g by 5- 7 mm . w i de . Fema l e c o n e i n g ro u p s of 4 - 5, n a rrow l y cy l i n dr i c ,

re s i n o u s , a pe x po i n te d , g ree n i s h t he n redd i s h - g ree n to p u rp l i s h - brown o r b rown ,

l0- l6 cm . l o n g by 3- 5 cm . w i de ; b ra c t s h i dde n , a t ba s e o f t he s c a l e , o va tes pa t h u l a te See d w i t h a da r k b rown n u t , wi n g p i n k i s h .

S . Sp a i n : Ma l a g a a n d Gra n a da P ro v i n ce s , l000- 2l00 m. .

A . P I N SAPO va r . MAROCCANA ( Tra b . ) Ce b . et Bo l . Mo ro c c a n F i r

A co n i c a l tree l2 - l5 m . ta l l . Ba r k t h i c k . Bra n c h l e t s smoo th , s h i ny ,

re dd i s h - p u rp l e . B u d s ovo i d , re s i no u s , re d d i s h - brown , to‘

5 mm . l o n g , s c a l e so va te , a pe x o b tu s e . Le a ve s de n s e l y a rra n ge d , n e ar l y 2- ra n ked , l - l . 5 cm . l o n g by2 mm . w i de , d a rk g ree n a bo ve , g ree n i s h -wh i te be l ow , ne a r l y f l a t te ne d a bo ve ;s toma ta i n l- 2 i rre g u l a r ba n d s a bo ve , i n 2 wh i te ba n d s be l ow w i t h 6-7 s toma ta ll i ne s ; c ro s s - s e c t i o n f l a t te ne d ; a c u te o r a c um i n a te , a pe x s p i ne - tipped.Male

s tro b i l i o vo i d , re dd i s h - p u rp l e , re s i n o u s a t t he b a s e , lO- l5 mm . l o n g . Fema l eco ne cy l i n d r i ca l to o bov a te-o b l on g , l0- 18 cm . l o ng by 4 -5 cm . w i de , wi t h as ho r t n i p p l e a t th e a pe x ; s c a l e s c u n e i fo rm o r ne a r l y re n i fo rm ; p a l e brown ;bra c t s h i d de n , a bo u t l/2 he i g h t o f t he s c a l e . See ds w i t h a fawn - brown w i n g .

Mo ro c co : S . Te tu a n ; W . Mo u n t R i f , l800- 2l00 m. .

24 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A . P I N SA PO va r . TAZAOTANA ( Co z . e x H. D . V i l l . ) Pourt . Tazaotan F i r

A tree 30- 50 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n o vo i d c rown a n d w i t hre f l e xed bra n c h e s . Ba rk r u g o s e , re dd i s h - b rown . B ra n c h l e ts smoo t h , g roo ve d

,

brown i s h to g ray . B ud s n o n - re s i n o u s ; s c a l e s fre e a t t h e a pe x , n o t fr i n g e d a tt he ma rg i n s . Le a ve s nea r l y pe c t i n a te , s p re a d i n g h o r i zo n ta l l y , l i n e a r , l . 2- l .8 cm .

l o n g by l mm . w i de , f l a t te ne d , da r k s h i ny g ree n a bo ve , wh i t i s h - g ree n be l ow,

a c u te o r a c um i n a te ; s toma ta fa i n t a bo ve , i n 2 wh i te ba n d s be l ow w i t h 7 s toma ta ll i ne s ; ba s e tw i s te d ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l ; a pe x s p i n e - t i ppe d . Ma l e s tro b i l io vo i d , e l o n g a te d , p i n k i s h - wh i te , l . 2 - l . 8 cm . l o n g by 4 -6 mm . w i de . F ema l e c o ne scy l i n d r i c a l , g ree n i s h , a pe x w i t h a b l u n t n i p p l e , l6- 20 cm . l o n g by 4 -6 mm . w i de ;s c a l e s c u ne a te - tr i a n g u l a r ; bra c t s h i d de n , a bo u t l/2 he i g h t o f t h e s c a l e . See d sw i t h a p i n k i s h - v i o l e t w i n g .

Mo ro c c o : Mo u n t Tazaot , a t l400 - l700 m. .

A . P ROC E RA Re h d . No b l e F i rA . no b i l i s ( Do ug l . ) L i n d l .

A co n i c a l tree 30 - 46 m . ta l l ,- l . 2 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a ro u n de d c rown n ea r

the to p , a n d w i t h s h o r t , ne a r l y h o r i z o n ta l bra n c he s . Ba rk g ray- brown , smoo t h , becomi ng b rown to re d - brown a n d fu rrowe d i n to l o n g , s c a l y p l a te s . Bra n c h l e t s p rom i ne n t l yp u be s ce n t , d u l l d a r k re d d i s h - brown . B ud s g l o b u l a r , re s i no u s , v i o l e t- re d - g ray ;s c a l e s free a t t he ba se , p u be s c e n t ; 5- l2 mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s s pre a d i n g o u twa rd sa n d u pwa rd s , c u rve d fo rwa rd s , co ve r i n g t he bra n c h l e t , S p re a d i n g i n 2 rows be l ow ,

g roo ve d a bo ve , g l a u co u s o r b l ue - g ree n a bo ve , g l a u co u s be l ow , l . 5- 4 cm . l o n g by l- l . 5

mm . w i de ; s toma ta i n 2 ba n d s o f 4 -6 l i n e s a bov e , i n 4 -5 l i n e s be l ow ; f l a tte ned ,

a pe x po i n te d o r n o tc he d . Le a ve s o n u p pe r bra n c h l e t s s h o rte r , c rowde d , c u rve du pwa rd s , po i n te d a n d q ua d ra n g u l a r . Ma l e s tro b i l i p u rp l i s h - re d o r c anhi ne - v i o l e t - re d ,

3 cm . l o n g by 6 mm. w i de . Fema l e co ne s a t to p s o f tree s , cy l i n d r i c a l , ro u n de d a t thea pe x , l5- 3O cm . l o n g by 6- lo cm . w i de , brown - p u rp l e o r v i o l e t - b l ue t he n g reen i s hbrown to ta n ; s c a l e s f i ne l y p u be s ce n t ; b ra c t s l o n g e x s e r ted , re f l e xed , n ea r l yhi dding t he s c a l e s , l o be d , pa pe ry , de n t i c u l a te . See d s re d - b rown , w i t h a s h i ny ,

l i g h t - brown w i n g .

S .W. C a n a da ; S . Br i t i s h Co l umb i a to N.W. C a l i fo rn i a , U . S . A 6l - 2682 m. .

A . R E CU R VATA Ma s t . M i n F i r

A co n i c a l tree 20- 40 m . ta l l , l .8 m . i n g i rt h , w i t h ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s ,

be com i n g s omewh a t f l a t - to p pe d . Ba rk da r k g ray to re d - brown , p a pe ry , f l a ky , exfol

iating . Br a n c h l e t s smoo t h o r g ro o ve d , s h i ny ye l l ow i s h -g ray , r i dge d . B ud s ovo i d ,

re s i no u s , free from t he l ea ve s , re d - brown , 7- l0 mm. i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s mo re o rl e s s re c u rve d , e re c t o r o ve r l a p p i n g , w i t h o u t a d i s t i n c t p a rt i n g a bo ve , b r i g h tg ree n a bo ve , p a l e r g reen to g ray - g ree n be l ow ; s toma ta u s u a l l y a b s e n t a bo ve ;l . 6 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de ; a pe x a c u te , s p i ne - t i p pe d . Fema l e co ne s i nc l u s te r s , ob l o n g -o vo i d , a pe x ro un de d , v i o l e t - p u rp l e be com i n g g ray - brown , 5-9 cm .

l o ng by 3- 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s re n i fo rm , s h o rt l y p u be s ce n t ; b ra c ts h i d de n , a bo u tl/ 2 s i ze o f t he s c a l e . Se ed w i t h a da r k v i o l e t w i n g .

C h i n a : S . Ka n s u ; W . S ze c h u a n , M i n S h a n , 2300- 3600 m. .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

26 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A . SAC HAL I N E N S I S v a r . MAYRIANA M i ya be et Ku do May r F i r

A o va l t ree t o 30 m . ta l l , l - 3 m . i n g i rth , l oo se l y b ra n c h ed . A pex of c rowno b t u s e , t r u n k w i t h h o r i z o n ta l , s l i g h t l y pe n de n t b ra n c he s . B ra n c h l e t s d a rk b rown

,

g ro o ved , de n s e l y p u be s c e n t . B ud s re d d i s h - b rown , re s i n o u s , g l o bu l a r , l0- l2 mm .

i n d i ame te r , w i th wh i te p u be s c e n c e . Le a ve s s ho r te r , l . 5 cm . l o n g by l .6 nnu

w i de , c u r v i n g u pwa rd s be l ow , dee p g ree n , l i ne a r , pa l e g re e n be l ow ; s toma taa b s e n t a bo ve , i n 4 - 5 l i n e s be l ow ; c ro s s - s e c t i o n a v i c u l a r , a pe x ema rg i n a te o rb i f i d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i n ume ro u s , e l l i p s o i d - o b l o n g o r o vo i d - o b l o n g

,ye l l ow i s h - re d

»

8 mm . l o n g by 4 mm . w i de . Fema l e c o ne cy l i n d r i c a l,o b tu se o r a br u p t l y po i n te d a t

the a pe x , b l a c k i s h o r b l a c k i s h - p u rp l e , 5- 7 cm . l o n g by 2 - 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e sg ree n i s h - b l a c k ; bra c t s l o n g e x s e rte d , re f l e xe d , g ree n i s h . Seed s obo v a te - c u n ea te

,

gut to 6 mm . l o n g , b rown ; w i n g 4 mm . l o n g , we dg e - s h a pe d

,l i g h t - b rown to ye l l ow i s h

rown .

S . S a k h a l i n ; S . Kuri les ; N . J a p a n Ho k k a i do.

A . S I B I R I CA Led e b . We s te rn S i be r i a n F i r

A py ram i da l t re e 30- 40 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i rt h , wi t h a s l e n de r tr u n k

.Ba rk

smoo t h , g ray , w i t h n ume ro u s re s i n b l i s te r s . B ra n c h l e t s s i l ve ry - g ray to ye l l owi sh- g ray , w i t h m i n u te s c a tte re d b l a c k i s h p u be s ce n ce . B u d s nea r l y g l o bo s e

,ve ry

re s i no u s , free from t he l e a ve s , s c a l e s h i d de n , ye l l ow i s h - brown to wh i t i s h - p urp l e.

Lea ve s c rowde d , po i n t i n g fo rwa rd , o ve r l a p p i n g a bo ve,ho r i z o n ta l l y s p re a d i n g

be l ow , re s i n - s ce n te d , g roo ve d a bo ve , da r k g ree n a bo ve , g l a u c o u s o r g ray i s hbe l ow , 2 cm . l o n g by l . 3- 2 mm . w i de ; s toma ta u s ua l l y a b s e n t a bo ve

,i n 6- 7

l i ne s be l ow ; a pe x no tc he d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l - ovo i d, 6-8 nnu l o n g by

5-6 inn. w i de , s h i ny ye l l ow o r re d . Fema l e co ne s cy l i n d r i c a l,a pe x po i n te d

,

re s i no u s , re d d i s h - b l ue tu rn i n g b r i g h t b rown, 5- 8 cm . l o ng by 3- 4 cm . w i de ;

s c a l e s fa n - s h a pe d , rou n de d to a b l u n t c e n t ra l po i n t , p u be s c en t ; bra c t s h i d de n,

a bo u t l/ 2 he i g h t of t he s c a l e . Se e d s ovo i d , n u t fawn - b rown , to 7 mm . l o n g ;w i n g re dd i s h to l . 5 cm . l o n g .

N. E . U S S R : S i be r i a to A l ta i Mts . ; N . C h i n a : He i l u n g k i a n g , 50-2000 m. .

A . S I B I RI CA va r . S EME N OV I I ( Fe d t s c h . ) L i u Seme no v F i r

A py ram i da l tree 30- 50 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i rth . Ba r k smoo th , g ray o r

g l a u co u s w i t h re s i n b l i s te rs . Bra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h - b rown , p rom i ne n t l y r i dge d ,

w i t h s c a t te re d p u be s ce n ce . B ud s o v a te , mm . l o n g , s c a l e s a l way s v i s i b l et ho ug h co ve re d w i t h res in. Leaves c rowde d , 2- ra n ke d , pe c t i n a te be l ow , s tra i g h to r s l i g h t l y c u rv e d ,

- 4 cm . l o n g o r l o n ge r , l .8- l .9 mm . w i de , g roo ved a bo vew i t h a b ro a d kee l , g ray be ne a t h w i t h 2 wh i te ba n d s w i t h 5-7 s toma ta l l i ne sea c h , ma rg i n s re vo l u te , a pe x n o t c he d . Fema l e c on e cy l i n d r i c a l , o b tu s e a t t hea pe x , 8- l0 cm . l o n g by 3- 4 cm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h - brown ; s c a l e s b ro a d l y ro u n de d ;b ra c t s h i dde n , a bo u t l/2 he i g h t o f t he s c a l e s . Se e d s bro a d l y c u n ea te , n u t5-6 mm . l o ng , m . w i de ; w i n g s lO- l2 mm. l o n g .

Kazakhi stan, W . T i e n S h a n , Fe rg a n a a n d Ta l a s s Ra nge s , l350- 2800 m .

S i l b a , En cy c l o pa e d i a C on i fe rae 27

A . SP E CTA B I L I S ( D . Don) Sp a c h . H i ma l ay a n F i r-A. we bb i a n a ( Wa l l . ) L i n d l .

A broa d l y co n i c a l tree 25- 30 m . t a l l , w i t h ho r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s , be com i ngf l a t- to p pe d w i t h a ge . Ba r k g ray - brown , f i s s u re d , s c a l y . B ra n c h l e t s p u be s ce n t ,

b rown i n t he g roo ve s , re d d i s h - brown to d a r k brown , dee p l y g roo ve d . B ud s o vo i d ,

re s i no u s , s ca l e s kee l e d , ye l l ow i s h - b rown to re d - brown , l . 5 mm . i n d i ame te r .

Le a ve s d i re c te d o u twa rd s a n d u pwa rd s a bo ve , w i t h a V - l i ke p a r t i ng ; 2- ra n ke d ,

hor i zo n ta l l y s pre a d i n g be l ow , g roo ve d a bo ve , f l a t te ne d a t t he a pe x , s h i ny g ree nabovesometimes w i t h a s h or t s toma ta l l i ne a bo ve , w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow i n8- l2 l i ne s , l . 3 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , a pex ro un de d o r no tc hed . Ma l es tro b i l i o vo i d , p u rp l i s h - v i o l e t , l . 3 cm . l o n g by l cm . w i de . Fema l e co necy l i nd r i c a l , re s i n o u s , da r k v i o l e t - b l ue t he n b rown , 7- l o cm . l o n g by 3- 4 cm .

w i de ; s c a l e s t r i a n g u l a r , bro a d l y c u n e a te ; b ra c t s h i d de n , s omewh a t ro un de d ,

a t ba s e o f s c a l e s . See d s w i t h a v i o l e t w i n g .

N. E . A fg h a n i s ta n ; N.W. I n d i a ; W . Ne p a l , l600- 4270 m. .

A . S P E CTAB I L I S va r . DE N SA ( Gr i ff . ) S i l b a S i k k i m F i r

A b ro a d l y co n i c a l t ree to 60 m . ta l l , w i t h h o r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r k da r kb rown o r b l a c k i sh- g ray , be c om i n g dee p l y f i s s u red . Bra n c h l e t s g roo ve d , p u be s ce n t ,

o ra n ge - b rown . Le a ve s c rowde d , d i s t i c ho u s , f i n e , da r k g ree n , l . 2 -6 cm . l o ng ,

m i d r i b ra i se d , kee l e d be l ow , w i t h 2 s i l ve ry - g l a u co u s ba n d s of s toma ta be l ow ;re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 3 ; ma rg i n s re c u rve d o r re v o l u te ; re tu s e o r ema rg i n a te ,

a pe x po i n ted . Ma l e s t ro b i l i i n g ro u p s , pu rp l e , po l l e n s a c s l i ne a r . Fema l e co necy l i n d r i c , l a rge r , lO- l7 . 5 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , b l u i s h ; bra c tsn a rrow l y a cum i n a te , s l i g h t l y e x s e rte d . Seed s to l .5 cm . l o n g , re l a t i ve l y l a rg e r .

S i k k i m : C h um b i V a l l ey ; B h u ta n ; C h i n a : S . E . T i be t ; N. E . I n d i a : As s am ,

2450- 3800 m. .

A . SQUAMATA Ma s t . F l a ky F i r

A b roa d l y co n i c a l tree l5- 40 m . ta l l , 3- 5 m . i n g i rt h . Ba rk s h a g gy ,

p ur p l i s h - b rown , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n , p a pe ry l aye rs , b i rc h - l i ke , i n ne r ba rkp u rp l i s h - red . B ra n c h l e t s re d d i s h to d a r k brown , p u be s c en t . B u d s o vo i d , re d di sh- brown w i t h wh i te re s i n , a pe x f l a t te ne d , l . 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s po i n t i n gfo rwa rd a n d ove r l a p p i ng a bo ve , ne a r l y 2- ra n ked be l ow , g ro ove d a bove , f l a t tenedbe l ow , c ur ve d , da rk g ree n to b l ue - g ree n a bo ve , g ray - wh i te be l ow ; s toma ta i n 4d i s co n t i n u o u s l i n e s l/ 3 l e n g t h o f l e a ve s a bo ve , i n 5- 7 l i ne s be l ow , l .5 cm .

l o ng by l . 5 mn. w i de , a pe x n o tc he d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , l . 5 cm . l o ng .

Fema l e co ne o b l o n g - o vo i d , a pe x ro u n de d , re s i no u s , s l i g h t l y de p re s s ed o n to p ,

v i o l e t , 5-6 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; s c a l e s s p a rse l y p u be s ce n t ; bra c t s s l i g h t l ye x se r te d , erec t , re f l exe d s ome t i me s , l o be d , w i t h a s h a rp ce n t ra l po i n t .

See d s w i t h a b l a c k i s h n u t to 6 mm . l o n g ; w i n g s g ray o r p a l e re d - brown to l cm .

l o n g .

C h i n a : T i be t ; Ts i n g h a i ; W . S ze c h u a n ; N.W. Y un n a n ; S .W. Ka n s u , 3000-4700 m. .

28 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

A . V E I TC H I I L i n d l ey Ve i tc h F i r

A n a rrow l y c o n i c a l tree l8- 40 m . ta l l , to 90 cm . i n g i rt h o r mo re , w i t h as l e n de r t ru n k a n d s h o rt s l e n de r b ra n c he s . B ra n c he s l ea v i n g the t ru n k a t a n o b l i q uea ng l e . Ba rk s moo t h , pa l e g ray o r wh i te , w i t h p rom i n e n t re s i n b l i s te rs , be com i n gs c a l y . B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h - b rown to re dd i s h - g ray , p u be s ce n t . B ud s sma l l , subglo

bo s e , re d d i s h - b rown to p u rp l e , re s i n o u s , 8- l o run i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s c rowde d,

d i re c te d fo rwa rd s a n d mo re or l e s s u pwa rd s , o ve r l a p p i n g a bo ve , pe c t i n a te be l ow,

g roove d a bo ve , kee l e d be l ow , da r k s h i ny g ree n a bo ve , g l a u co u s - wh i te to s i l ve rywh i te be l ow , l cm . l o n g by l . 5- 2 mm . w i de ; s toma ta ge ne ra l l y a b se n t a bo ve

,

i n 7 l i ne s be l ow ; ba s e tw i s te d , a pe x no tc he d , c ro s s - s ec t i o n a v i c u l a r . Ma l es tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , da r k b rown , t i n te d ye l l ow , cm . l o n g by 4 mn.

*wi de .

Fema l e c on e cy l i n d r i c a l , w i t h a n i p p l e a t t he a pe x , b l u i s h - p u rp l e t u rn i n gda r k red - brown , 6-8 cm . l o n g by - 3 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s re n i fo rm ; b ra c t s s l i g h t l ye x s er te d a n d re f l e xe d , as l o n g as t he s c a l e s . See d s w i t h a g ray i s h to re dd i s hb l ue n u t , 6- 7 mm . l o n g ; w i n g lO- ll mm. l o n g , w i t h a b l u i s h ma rg i n .

C . J a pa n : Ho n s h u , l500- 2800 m. .

A . V E I TC H I I v a r . SI KKOK IANA ( N a k . ) Ku s . e x Iw. et Kus . S h i k o k u F i r

A pyram i da l tree to 20 m . ta l l , to 60 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h ho r i zo n ta l l ys p rea d i n g bra n c he s . Ba r k g ray - wh i te , smoo t h . Bra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h - brown ,

puberlent , p u be s ce n t a t f i r s t t he n s oon smoo t h . B u d s re s i no u s , l owe r s c a l e ss l i g h t l y r i dg e d . Le a ve s c rowde d , f l a t ,

- 2 cm . l on g by 2 mm . w i de , s h i nygree n , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re vo l u te , s toma ta i n l3- l5 l i n e s be l ow , a pe x o b tu s e .

Fema l e c o ne s ho rt- s ta l ke d , ro u nde d a t bo t h e n d s , cy l i n d r i c a l - e l l i p t i c a l ,

3 cm . l o n g by l . 5- 2 cm . w i de , b l a c k i s h b l ue - p u rp l e ; s c a l e s renifonn;b ra c t s h i d de n to s l i g h t l y e x s e r te d , p u rp l i s h . See d s o b l o ng - o va te , n u t to 5

mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , b l a c k i s h p u r p l e .

J a pa n : S h i ko k u Mo u n ta i n s , 800- 1900 m. .

A . VEJARI Ma r t . Ve j a r F i r

A con i c a l tree 30- 40 m . t a l l , w i t h a s tra i g h t tr u n k . Ba r k g ray , smoo t h ,

w i t h wh i te s po t s . B ra n c h l e t s who r l e d , smoo t h , g ray to p u rp l i s h - re d . B ud sg l o bo s e , ve ry re s i no u s , dee p p u r p l i s h - re d ; s c a l e s kee l e d , t r i a n g u l a r - o va te .

Le a ve s ne a r l y s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , s p re a d i n g fo rwa rd s , l .5- 2 cm . l o n g by l . 5

mm . w i de , f l a t te ned a bo ve , ne a r l y g l a u co u s be l ow , da r k g ree n a bo ve ;s toma ta i n 4 - 5 l i ne s a bo ve , i n 2 g ray b a n d s w i t h 9 s toma ta l l i n e s be l ow ;a pe x a c u te to o bt u s e . Fema l e co ne o b l o ng o r ne a r l y o vo i d , re s i no u s , a pe x o b tu s e ,

b l u n t l y po i n ted , b l a c k i s h - p u rp l e t u rn i n g g ree n i s h - brown , 6- l5 on. l o n g by4 - 5 cm . w i de ; bra c t s s l i g h t l y ex se r ted , tr i a n g u l a r , po i n te d . Seed s re s i n o u s ,

n u t to l cm . l o n g , v i o l e t -ye l l ow ; w i n g v i o l e t- b rown , to l . 2 cm . l o n g .

Me x i co : Co a h u i l a ; Ne u vo Leo n a n d Tama u l i pa s , 2000- 3000 m. .

S i l b a,

E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe rae 29

A . VEJARI va r . M E X I CANA ( Ma r t . ) L i u Me x i c a n F i r

A na rrow l y co n i c a l t ree 30- 40 m . ta l l . Ba rk ne a r l y smoo t h , g ray , be com i n gb l a c k i s h , ro ug h , w i t h p u rp l i s h - re d i n ne r - ba r k . B ra n c h l e ts v i o l e t - re d , f i ne l yp u be s c e n t . B ud s g l o b u l a r , v e ry re s i n o u s . Le a v e s ne a r l y s p i ra l l y aranged,

po i n t i n g s l i g h t l y u pwa rd s a nd fo rwa rd s , r i g i d , co n ve x o r s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne da bo ve , b r i g h t g ree n a bo v e , g l a u c o u s be l ow , l . 3- 2 cm . l o n g by l . 5 mm . w i de ,

w i t h l0- l2 l i n e s o f s toma ta ; a pe x a c u te , o btu s e o r ro u nded . Fema l e co nena r rowl y cy l i n d r i c , o b l o n g - o vo i d , a pe x ro u n ded , re s i n o u s , g ray - b rown tob l a c k i s h - brown , 6 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; s c a l e s b roa d l y c u ne i fo rm

,

obo v a te ; b ra c t s h i d de n , a bo u t l/ 3 h e i g h t of t h e s ca l e s , w i t h a c e n tra l po i n ta bo u t he i g h t o f th e s c a l e . Seed s w i t h a v i o l e t - p u rp l e- b rown w i n g .

Mex i co : N . Co a h u i l a ; N ue vo Leo n ; N.W. Tama u l i pa s , 2000- 3000 m. .

ACMOPYLE Pi lg . ( Po do ca rp a c ea e )

A ge n u s o f two s pe c i e s , o ne from New Ca l e do n i a a n d o ne from F i j i . U s u a l l ymo noe c i o u s . B u d s h i d de n by t he l e a ve s o r i n co n s p i c uo u s . Fo l i a g e Yew- l i k e ,

b ra n c h e s b i l a te ra l l y f l a tte ned . Le a ve s l i nea r , 2 - ra n ked , s omewh a t fa l c a te ,

ge ne ra l l y g row i n g c l o s e to g e the r a s to h i de t he b ra n c h l e t , f l a t te ned , w i t hmo re s toma ta be l ow , l e a ve s wh i t i s h be l ow . Fe r t i l e b ra n c h l e t s w i t h s ca l e - l i k el e a ve s . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , bo r ne o n a s c a l y ped u n c l e . Fema l e c on ebor ne o n a l o n g s c a l y pe d u n c l e , pe n de n t , o b l o n g - ovo i d , p u rp l i s h - g ree n w i t ha s i n g l e s u b te rm i n a l s e e d a nd w i th a wa rty re ce p ta c l e ; o v u l e i n ve rted a tf i rs t a n d pa r t i a l l y c o v e re d by the epimatium, t he n be com i n g ne a r l y ere c ta n d fu s e d w i t h t h e epimat ium. See d s ne a r l y g l o bo s e , th i c k - s he l l e d , w i n g l e s s .

A PAN CH E R I ( Brongn. et Gr i s . ) Pi lg . New Ca l e do n i a n AcmopyleA . a l ba B u c h h .

A tree 5- 25 m . ta l l , w i t h e re c t b ra n c h e s . Ba rk h a rd , smoo th , g ray , i n ne rba r k b rown , e x fo l i a t i ng i n s ca l e s o n o l de r t ree s . Lea ve s 2- ra n ked , s e s s i l e ,

f l a tte ne d , de c u rre n t , d i s t i c h o u s , l i nea r , c l o s e l y s e t , cm . l o n g by2- 4 mm . wi de, falcate , a pe x o b l i q ue l y o b t u s e , g l a u co u s , w i t h p rom i ne n t wh i teba nd s be l ow w i th 30- 40 s toma ta l l i ne s , m i d r i b mo re prom i ne n t be l ow , ma rg i n ss l i g h t l y pa ra l l e l . Le a ve s o n fe rt i l e b ra n c h l e t s s ca l e - l i ke , tr i a n g u l a r ,

kee l e d , l e s s t h a n 2 mm . l o n g , b ro a d l y dec u rre n t a nd d i s pe rs ed o n ma i nbra n c h l e t s , c rowde d o n fe rt i l e b ra n c h l e t s . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i nd r i c a l , a tth e a pe x o f a s c a l y bra n c h l e t , i n g ro u p s of l- 3 , s ome t i me s g l a u co u s , 10- 20

NHL l o ng by 2- 3 mm. w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s t r i a ng u l a r . Fema l e co ne te rm i n a l ,

o n a l e a fy bra n c h l e t , o n a pe d u n c l e 9- 22 mm . l o n g cove re d by over l a p p i ngs c a l e s ; rece p ta c l e 8- l8 mm . l o n g w i th 4 -8 b ra c t s w i t h free t i p s . See dg l o b u l a r , l0- l l mm . i n d i ame te r .

New Ca l e do n i a : l o c a l , type from Mo u n t Mo u , 200- l200 m. .

30 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A . SAHNIANA B u c h h . et G ray F i j i a n Acmopyle

A sma l l t ree 3-5 m . ta l l , w i t h a g n a r l e d t r u n k . Fo l i a ge de n s e , d i mo rp h i c .

Le a ve s f l a t te ned , s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , d i s t i c ho u s , l i nea r , l0- l9 mm . l o n g by 2

mm . w i de , l e a f ma rg i n s nea r l y pa ra l l e l , g l a u c o u s , w i t h p rom i ne n t s toma ta be l owi n l0- l2 l i n e s , m i d r i b wea k l y ma r k e d , a pe x o b l i q ue l y a c u te . Le a ve s o n fe r t i l ebra n c h l e ts s c a l e - l i k e , f l a t te ned , l o n g - tr i a n g u l a r , l . 5 mm . l o n g

,kee l e d ,

bro a d l y de c u r re n t . Ma l e s t ro b i l i te rm i n a l , 5 mm. l o n g by 2 mm . w i de ; mi crosporophylls t r i a n g u l a r , a c u te . Fema l e co ne o n a b ra n c h l e t w i t h a s c a l y pe d u n c l e to5 mm . l o n g , c o ne w i t h 2 b ra c t s ; o v u l e i n ve rte d , s o l i ta ry , co ve re d by a b roa depimatium; p u rp l i s h - g ree n . See d ne a r l y e re c t , ro u n de d a n d e l o n ga ted i n to ac o n i c a l po i n t , c o ve re d by a ne a r l y b l a c k i s h re ce p ta c l e a t ma t u r i ty .

F i j i : Mo u n t Vakarogas i u a n d Mo u n t Koroyani tu, 800- l050 m. .

ACTINOSTROBUS Miq . e x Le hm . ( C u p re s s a cea e )

A g e n u s o f two s pe c i e s from W . Au s tra l i a . Mo n oe c i o u s s h ru b s w i thj o i n ted b ra n c h l e t s . B u d s i n c o n s p i c uo u s . J uve n i l e l e a ve s ne ed l e - l i k e , 3- ra n ke d .

Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , sma l l , i n wh o r l s o f th ree , a c u te l y po i n ted , s ome t i me s w i t hs pa rs e re s i n s po t s , w i th o u t p rom i ne n t s toma ta . Ma l e c on e s o b l o n g o r s omewh a tg l o b u l a r , w i t h t he s tame n s i n who r l s of 3-6 ve r t i c a l co l umn s . Fema l e c o ne sbo rn e e re c t , r i pe n i n g t he f i r s t ye a r , o vo i d to g l o bo s e ; w i t h s i x t r i a n g u l a r ,

g roo ve d , s omewha t o ve r l a p p i n g s c a l e s o n a ce n t ra l a x i s ; e a c h s c a l e be a r i n g l - 2

tr i a n g u l a r , 3- w i n ge d s ee d s ; c o n e o pe n s i n t he ce n te r u po n ma t u r i ty ; th e ba s eo f t he co ne i s s u r ro u n de d by c l o s e l y p re s s e d , ro u n ded b ra c ts . S ee d s t a n , w i t he ve n w i n g s , seed s em i t a ye l l ow i s h dye i f c ru s he d . Coty l e do n s 2 .

A . ACUM I NATU S P a r l . Moo re Cyp re s s - P i ne

A p ro s ta te p l a n t o r a sma l l b ro a d l y co n i c a l s h r u b l .8 m . ta l l . B ra n c hl e t s f i ne l y d i v i de d , tw i s te d i n to l o n g bra n c h l e t s . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s l i g h ts i l ve ry- g ree n , 8- l5 mm . l o n g , n ee d l e - l i ke , pe rs i s te n t . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l el i ke , i n who r l s o f 3 , l . 5- 2 mm. l o n g , no t g roo ve d a bo ve , b l u n t l y a c u te ,

s ome t i me s w i t h s c a rc e re s i n . Ma l e co ne g l obo se to o b l on g , o n a pe d u n c l e4 mm . l o n g , co ne - 5 mm. l o n g by 4 mm . w i de , w i t h 20 a c um i n a te s c a l e sw i t h a do r s a l c re s t . Fema l e co ne a c um i n a te , g l o bo s e , n a rrow i n g a b ru p t l y a tt he a pex , ofte n s u b te n de d a t t he ba s e by j u ve n i l e l e a ve s to l cm . l o n g ,

co n e to l . 5 cm . l o ng , w i t h 6 s ca l e s wh i c h a re s omewh a t o u tc u rve d a t t hea pe x , ye l l ow i s h - b rown to g l a u co u s - b rown . Se ed s va r i a b l e , da r k b rown , 9- l2

mm . l o n g , 9- l3 mm. w i de , w i ng 2- 5 mm . w i de , hi l ium3- 5 mm . l on g a nd wh i te ,

see d s often h a ve l ow ge rm i n a t i o n . Co ty l e do n s 2 , l i g h t g ree n , l5- lB mm .

l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te , s tem to 2 mm . t h i c k . Re po r teda s h a v i ng a me d i c i n a l u s e fo r r he uma t i sm .

W . Au s tra l i a : be twee n Moo re a n d Mu rc h i s o n R i ve r s , re l a t i ve l y l ow a l t i t u de .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe ra e 31

A . P Y RAM I DA L I S Mi q . e x Lemm . Ki n g Geo rge ' s Cyp re s s - P i ne

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l s h ru b l - 4 m . ta l l , w i th e re c t , c l o s e l y a rra ng e d b ra n c h e s .

Ba r k brown , smoo t h . B ra n c h l e t s d i v i de d i n to l o n g , s t ra i g h t , s l e n de r b ra n c h l e ts .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s g l a u co u s , 7-8 mm . l o n g , ra re l y pe rs i s te n t o n ma t u re t re e s .

Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , o va te , s p re a d i n g , l - 2 mm . l o n g , i n 6 ra n k s , g ree n to g rayg ree n , free a t t he a pe x , po i n te d , s omewha t de c u r re n t , s l i g h t l y kee l e d . Ma l econ e g l o b u l a r ,

- 4 mm . l o n g , w i t h l6- l8 o v a te s c a l e s ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s 2-4 .

Fema l e c o ne g l o bose o r ovo i d , o n a s h o r t ped u n c l e , g ray - brown , l . 5 2 cm . l o n g,

w i th 6 v a l va te s c a l e s ; s c a l e s t h i n , b l u n t l y a c u te , s l i g h t l y o ve r l a p p i n g ;w i t h l a rge ro u n de d o r nea r l y o v a te ba s a l b ra c t s . See d s ta n o r ye l l ow i s h - brown

,

re s i n o u s , 5- 7 mm . l o n g , w i n g s l . 5- l . 9 mm. w i de . Co ty l e do n s 2 , b l ue - g ree n , 9- l5

mm . l o ng by l . 5- 2 mm . w i de , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te , s tem - l mm . t h i c k .

W . A u s t ra l i a : Ki n g Geo rge ' s So u n d , Ba x te r to Swa n R i ve r .

A . P Y RAM I DA L I S v a r . A R E NAR I US ( C . Gardn. ) S i l b a Tam i n o r Bru ce Cyp re s s - P i ne .

A sma l l t ree 2- 5 m . t a l l . B ra n c he s s pre a d i n g ; bra n c h l e t s s h or t , nea r l ytr i a n g u l a r i n t he c ro s s - s e c t i o n . Fo l i a ge c o n s p i c uo u s l y g l a u co u s - g ree n . Lea ve s3

‘

s , o va te , a c u te , s p re a d i n g , l o o s e l y i mb r i c a te , s c a l e- l i ke , to 2 m . l o ng ,

s l i g h t l y kee l e d , o vo i d - de l to i d i n th e free po rt i o n . Ma l e c o ne o b l o n g , mm .

l o n g , w i t h l6- l8 o va te o r ro u n de d s c a l e s na rrow i n g i n t he ce n te r to a po i n t .

Fema l e co ne o v a te to o bo vo i d , l . 5- l .6 cm . l on g by l .6 cm . w i de , a pe x n o t o u tc u r ve d , broa d l y n a rrow i n g , g ree n i s h -ye l l ow b l oome d g l a u co u s , a pe x p rom i ne n t l yg l a u co u s ; w i t h 6 t h i n , o ve r l a p p i n g s ca l e s w i t h ro u nded , h ump - ba c ke d , g l a u co u s

,

ba s a l bra c t s . See d s ta n o r ye l l ow i s h - b rown , 6- ll nnn l o n g , 2 - 3 w i n ge d , w i ng sl - 2 nnu w i de , hi l ium2 mm . l o ng . Co ty l e do n s 2 , ra re l y 3 , b l ue - g ree n , 9- l4 mm .

l o n g by l . 5- 2 mm . w i de , s tem t h i n , a pex o va l a n d b l u n t l y a c u te .

W . Au s tra l i a : I rw i n a n d A vo n D i s tr i c t s , Da r l i n g Ra n ge , B ru ce Ro c k .

AGAT H I S S a l i s b . ( Ara u c a r i a cea e )

A ge n u s o f twe n ty s pe c i e s from t he P h i l i p p i n e s to Ma l ay s i a , I n do ne s i a a n dA u s tra l a s i a . Tree s t h a t a re e ve rg ree n a nd u s u a l l y mo noe c i o u s . T he ba rk em i t sa m i l ky sap whe n p u n c ture d . B u d s u s u a l l y g l o b u l a r , w i t h few , i mbr i ca te ,

o ve r l a p p i n g s c a l e s . B ra n c he s h o r i zo n ta l , l e a v i n g c i rc u l a r s c a rs o n t he tru n ka fte r t h ey fa l l . Le a ve s op po s i te , de c u s s a te , ov a l - s h a pe d , f l a t , broa d , l e a t he ry ,

thi c k , mu l t i - ve i n ed , s ome t i me s g l a u co u s u n de rne a t h , w i t h a d i s t i n c t pe t i o l e ,

s p i ra l l y a rra nge d o n ma i n bra n c h l e t s , o ppo s i te o r a l te rn a te o n s i de bra n c h l e ts ,

red d i s h when yo u n g tu rn i n g d a r k g ree n , l e a v i n g a ro ug h c u s h i on - l i ke s c a ra fte r t hey fa l l . Ma l e s tro b i l i a x i l l a ry , cy l i n dr i ca l , s u b te nded a t t he ba s eby rounded, steri le b u d s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne s u s u a l l y on s h or t l a te ra lbra n c h l e t s , ma t u r i n g i n 2 ye a r s , g l o bo s e - o vo i d , w i t h n ume ro u s , f l a tte ne d ,

broa d l y o va te s c a l e s w i t ho u t bra c t s a nd w i t h m i n u te a p i c a l umbo s . Seed s o nepe r s c a l e , w i t h 2 bro a d u ne ve n w i n g s . Co ty l edo n s 2 .

32 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A . ATRO P U RP U R E A Hy l a n d B l ue Ka u r i

A tree to 50 m . ta l l . Ba r k p u rp l i s h - b rown o r p u rp l i s h - b l a c k , s ome t i mesg l a u co u s , smoo th to co a r s e l y s c a l y . Bra n c h l e t s s ome t i me s g l a u co u s . B ud sg l o b u l a r

,to mm . l o n g . Le a ve s o va l - l a n ce o l a te to o b l o n g - e l l i p t i c .

cm . l o n g by 8- 14 mm . w i de , c l o s e l y set , g l a u co u s u n de rnea th , a pex b l u n t l yno tc he d . Ma l e -s tro b i l i 9- 16 mm . l o n g by 4 - 7 mm . w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s s t ro n g l yi mb r i c a te , ma rg i n s e n t i re ; a n t he r s 2 - 5; on a pe d u n c l e 2 - 3 inn. l o n g . Fema l e c o neg l o b u l a r , cm . w i de , o l i ve - g ree n , s omewh a t g l a u c o u s . See d s t a n , tocm . l o n g , w i n g s c i n n amo n - brown , l a rge r w i n g to cm . w i de .

A u s tra l i a : N . Quee n s l a n d : Coo k D i s tr i c t , Be l l e n de n Ke r R a n ge , 900- 1500 m. .

A . AUSTRAL I S ( L amb . ) S te u d . New Ze a l a n d Ka u r i

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l tree 40- 50 m . ta l l , 3- 10 m . i n g i r t h o r mo re , be com i n gf l a t- to p pe d w i t h a ge . Tr u n k rema rk a b l y cy l i n d r i c a l . Ba r k a s hy - g ray , mo tt l e dp u rp l e , i n l a rge t h i c k p l a te s , smoo th i s h . B ra n c he s i n who r l s o r i r re g u l a r l yh o r i z o n ta l . B ra n c h l e t s smoo t h , g l a u c o u s . B u d s ro u nde d , w i t h i mbr i c a te s c a l e s .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s g l a u co u s - g re e n , 5- 10 cm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve s o v a te - l a n ceo l a te .

l . 5-6 cm . l o n g by 1- l . 5 cm . w i de , g ree n , s l i g h t l y g l a u co u s u n de rn ea t h n ea rt he pe t i o l e , o b tu s e , w i t h 15 p a ra l l e l ne rve s , w i t h a s ho r t pe t i o l e . U s u a l l ymo noec i o u s . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , 3-6 cm . l o n g by l cm . w i de , o n as to u t pe d u n c l e l nnnn w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s i mbr i c a te , ma rg i n we a k l y e ro s e .

Fema l e co n e s u b g l o bo se , o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , 6 cm . l o n g by 6- 8 cm . w i de ,

g l a u co u s - g ree n , s c a l e s cm . l o n g w i t h a s ho rt mu c ro n a te umbo .

New Ze a l a n d , no r the rn pe n i n s u l a o f No r t he rn I s l a n d , l ow l a n d e l e va t i o n .

A BORNEENSI S Wa r b . Bo rn e a n Ka u r iA . beccari i Wa rb . ,

=A. l a t i fo l i a Mei j . r hombo i d a l i s Wa rb . .

A tree 50- 55 m . ta l l o r mo re , 1- 2 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h r i g i d b ra n c he s . Ba r kg ray o r b l a c k i s h , f i ne l y dippled to t h i n l y s c a l y . Le a ve s ov a l , d a r k g ree na bo ve , p a l e r be l ow , no n - g l a u co u s be l ow , n a rrow i n g a t t he ba s e to a s ho r tpe t i o l e 5 mm . l o n g , n a rrow i n g a t t he o t he r e n d to a b l u n t l y a c u te a pex , l ea f6- 12 cm . l o ng by 2 cm . w i de , ma rg i n s rec u rve d ; w i t h p a i re d re s i n d u c t s ,

o ne a bo ve the o t he r , i n s ome o r mo s t o f t he v a s c u l a r s tra n d s . Ma l e s tro b i l io b l o n g , 4 - 7 cm . l o n g by cm . i n d i ame te r , a pe x ro u n ded , n a rrow i n ga bru p t l y a t t he ba se to a s h o rt ped u n c l e 2 - 10 nun 10mg ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l sl a rge , a pe x ex po se d , ma rg i n s em i - c i rc u l a r . Yo u n g fema l e co ne o va l , u p pe redge s o f s c a l e s more o r l e s s s p re a d i n g . Ad u l t fema l e co ne o vo i d , 7- 10 cm .

l o ng by 6-8 cm . wi de ; s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , we l l ro u n de d i n the u p pe r cor ne rs .

See d s o bo vo i d o r o b l o n g , l . 3 cm . l o ng by 7 mm . w i de w i t h a de c ur re n t w i n g .

Ma l ay s i a : Ma l ay ; Sa rawa k . I n do ne s i a : S uma tra ; Bo rne o .

A . CELEB I CA ( Koo rd . ) Wa r b . Ce l e be s Ka u r i

iA. hamj Mei j . Dr .

A t ree 60-65 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rt h , w i t h a l o n g c l e a r , cy l i n d r i c a ltru n k , i n d i s t i n c t l y b u t t re s se d a t th e base .A re l a t i ve l y poo r p ro du ce r o f re s i n .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 13 cm . l o n g by cm ; w i de , d i s t i n c t l y l a n ce o l a te . Ad u l tl ea ve s o v a l , a c u te , 6- 8 cm . l o ng by 2 - 3 cm . w i de , we l l ro u n de d a t t he a pex ,

pe t i o l e i n d i s t i n c t . Ma l e s tro b i l i t o cm . l o n g by l- l .5 cm . w i de ; mi crosporophylls bro a d l y ro u nde d w i t h a n a rrow f l a nge , e x po s e d ; p o l l e n s a c s 7- 12 . Fema l e

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34 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A . K INABALUENSI S De L a u b . K i n a ba l u Ka u r i

A tree to 36 m . ta l l . P ro d u c e s a wh i te re s i n . Ba rk d a r k b rown e x te rn a l l y ,

i n te rn a l l y re d d i s h , g ra n u l a r , e x fo l i a t i n g i n i rre g u l a r p l a te s , w i th n ume ro u sl e n t i c e l s . Y o u n g t ree s w i t h smoo t h ba rk . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s ro u n d , u s u a l l y a c um i n a te ,

to 9 cm . l o n g by cm . wi de , o n a s h o rt pe d u n c l e . Ad u l t l e a ve s ro u n d , a c um i n a teo r o b t u s e , o n a s h o rt pe d u n c l e , 4

- 7 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , n on - g l a u c o u su n de rnea t h . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i nd r i c a l , 2 - 3 cm . l o n g by 9mm. i n d i ame te r . o n aped u n c l e 4 mm . l o n g ; s c a l e a p i c e s sma l l t r i a n g u l a r ; a pe x o f m i c ro s po rop hy l l sd i s t i n c t l y a n g l e d . Y o u n g fema l e co ne smoo t h , u p pe r e dge s o f s c a l e s i mb r i c a te .

Fema l e c o ne to 11 cm . l o n g by 8 cm . i n d i ame te r ; s c a l e s t r i a n g u l a r , a pex a n g u l a ra n d ro u n de d . Se e d w i th a n a c u te p roj e c t i o n 2mm . l o n g o n u p pe r c o rn e r o p po s i te t hew i n g , bo rn e o n a s c a l e w i t ho u t a l i p .

Ma l ay s i a : S a ba h ; Mt . K i na ba l u R a n a u , 1500- 2400 m. .

A . LAB I LLARD I ERI I Wa rb . We s te rn New G u i ne a n Ka u r i

A tree to 60 m . ta l l , to 2 m . i n g i rt h . Ba r k da r k brown . C rown w i t h b ra n c he sd i a go n a l l y u pwa rd s . B ra n c h l e ts cy l i n d r i c a l , s e c o n d a ry b ra n c he s s t r i a te d . Le a ve so b l o n g - l a n c eo l a te o r e l l i p t i c ,

- 10 cm . l o n g by - 3 cm . w i de , s h i ny be l ow ,

a pex o b t u s e o r b l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l e 5- 7 mm . l o n g by 2 - 3 mm . w i de . Ma l e s tro b i l ib roa d l y cy l i n d r i c a l , o n a s to u t s h o r t pe d u n c l e 1- 2 mm . l o n g , l . 8- 3 cm . l o n g by1 cmt w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s umbo n a te , he a d w i t h a ru g u l o s e 1 mm . re c ta ng u l a rumbo . Fema l e c o ne g l o b u l a r , cm . l o n g by 6 cm . w i de , g ree n i s h ; s c a l e si mb r i c a te , a n g u l ar . Seed s 1 cm . l o n g by 8 mm. wi de , w i t h a sma l l d i s t i n c t w i n g .

New Gu i ne a : I r i a n J aya to N.W. P a p u a , 200- 1700 m. .

A . LAN C E OLATA L i n d l . e x Wa rb . Koghi s Ka u r i

A tree to 40 m . t a l l , s ome t i me s free o f b ra n c h e s fo r 15 m . h i g h . Crowni rreg u l a r , de n s e w i t h a s ce n d i n g bra n c he s . Bra nc h l e t s i n who r l s o f 4 . Ba r kre d- b rown , f i ne l y s c a l y . B ud s g l o b u l a r , 4 - 8 nnu i n diameter ; scales n ume ro u s ,

i mb r i c a te . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s a t te n u a te , 9 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , o n a s h o r tpe d un c l e . Ad u l t l e a ve s l a nc eo l a te to e l l i p t i c , 6-8 cm . l o n g by l .6- 2 cm . w i de ,

da r k g ree n a bo ve , no n - g l a u co u s be l ow , ma rg i n s p a l e a n d re c u rve d , a pe x a c u te .

Ma l e s tro b i l i i n o p po s i te p a i r s i n a x i l s o f the l e a ve s , cy l i n dr i c a l , 13- 23 mm .

l o n g by 7- 10 nnn i n d i ame te r , o n a pe d u n c l e 2 - 4 mm . l o n g ; m i c ro s poro p hy l l si m br i c a te , e n t i re , he a d s u bre n i fo rm. Fema l e co ne e l l i p t i c to g l o b u l a r , 12 cm .

l o n g by 10 cm . w i de , s c a l e s b roa d l y ro u n de d . See d ovo i d , cm . l o n g by7 mm . w i de w i t h a w i de s p re a d i n g w i n g 20 mm. l o n g by 13 mm . w i de .

S . New Ca l e don i a , ty pe ne a r Mt . Koghi s , 100-900 m. .

A . L E NT I CU LA De L a u b . S a ba h Ka u r i

A n imme n s e tree to 45 m . ta l l . P rod u ce s wh i te re s i n . Ba rk g ray -wh i tee x te rn a l l y , i n te rn a l l y re d d i s h - brown , e x fo l i a t i n g i n i rre g u l a r p l a te s , w i t hn ume ro u s l e n t i ce l s . J u ve n i l e t ree s w i t h f l a ky ba r k . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s ro u n d ,

a c um i n a te , o n a s h o r t pe d u n c l e , to 10 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve sl e n t i c u l a r , a pe x a c u te , 5-7 cm . l o n g by l .8 cm . w i de , g l a u co u s be l ow , on as h o r t pe d u n c l e . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , to 4 cm . l on g by 10 m . w i de , o n aped u nc l e to 6 mm . l o n g ; s ca l e a p i ce s ro un d . Fema l e cone s c a l e s s em i - e l l i p t i c a l ,

28 mm . h i g h by 40-45 mm . wide .Young fema l e con e o va l w i t h i m br i c a te ma rg i n so f s ee d s c a l e s s ome t i me s s l i g h t l y ra i s e d .

Ma l ay s i a : S a b a h ; Mt . K i n a b a l u , Ra n a u , 1140- 1680 m. .

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe rae 35

A MAC ROP H Y L LA ( L i n d l . ) Ma s t . Me l a ne s i a n Ka u r iA . o b t u s a ( L i n d l . ) Ma s t . ,

=A. vi t iens i s ( Seem . ) Be n t h . et Hoo k . f .

A s to u t tree 30- 45 m . t a l l ,- 5 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h w i de - s p re a d i n g b ra n c h e s .

B a r k wh i t i s h , re d d i s h i n te rn a l l y , s t ro n g l y s c a l y . Crown to 36 m . i n d i ame te rw i t h h ug e l i mb s . B ud s sma l l , b rown , ro u n de d . B ra n c h l e t s n ea r l y q u a d ra ng u l a r

,smoo t h

,

o l i ve - b rown . Le a ve s l a n c eo l a te , th i c k , 9- 18 cm . l o n g by l . 8- 5 cm . w i de , da rkg ree n a bo ve , n a rrowe d a t t he a pex , ma rg i n s re c u rve d , o fte n g l a u co u s be l ow , o bt u s e ,

w i t h a s ho r t f l a t te ne d pe t i o l e . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i ca l , 2 cm . l on g by1 cm . w i de , o n a s to u t pe d u n c l e 3- 7 nun l o n g ; m i c ro s porop hy l l s s trong l y i m br i c a te

,

ma rg i n s t h i n , e n t i re o r e ro se . Fema l e co n e o vo i d o r g l o b u l a r , 9 cm . l o n g by7- 10 cm . w i de , g l a u c o u s ; s c a l e s a c um i n a te , w i t h a l i p . See d to cm . l o n g , o new i n g s ho r t , a n o th e r to 2 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de .

S o l omo n I s l a n d s ; New He b r i de s ; F i j i , 200-900 m. .

A . MI CROSTACHYA J . F . Ba i l . et C. T. Wh i te A th e r ton Ka u r i

A tree 48- 50 m . ta l l , w i t h a smo o t h tr u n k fo r 30 m . Ba r k brown to g ray - b rown ,

co a r s e l y s c a l y . Le a v e s l a n c eo l a te to e l l i p t i c , o b t u s e , cm . l on g bycm . w i de , w i t h a s h o rt i n d i s t i n c t pe t i o l e . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n dr i c a l , s ma l l ,

11- 16 mm . l o n g by 6- 8 mm . i n d i ame te r , s u bgl o bo s e o r s h o rt l y ov o i d ; mi crosporophyl ls umbo n a te , no n - i mbr i c a te , he a d s fo rm i ng a n i rre g u l a r ho n ey - com b . Fema l ec one g l o bo se to o vo i d , 10- 15 cm . l o n g by - 10 cm . w i de , u s u a l l y g l a u c o u s ,

s c a l e s ro u n de d .

A u s tra l i a : N . Q uee n s l a n d , Coo k D i s t r i c t , co a s ta l a re a s , 500- 700 m. .

A . MONTANA De La u b . P a n i e Ka ur i

A sma l l t re e 15- 20 m . ta l l , w i t h a l a rg e , f l a t te ne d c rown . B a rk ta n , redb rown i n ne r- b a r k , e x fo l i a t i ng in f i ne p l a te s o r s c a l e s , w i t h sma l l l e n t i ce l s .

B u d s g l o b u l a r . J uve n i l e l e a ve s ov a l - l a n ce o l a te , a t te n ua te a t t he ba s e , 8- 10

cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s l a n ce o l a te to e l l i p t i c , d i s t i c ho u s ,

o v a l - l a n c eo l a te , 6-8 cm . l o n g by - 2 cm . w i de , b l u n t l y a c u te , o n a s h o r tpe t i o l e . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , 4 - 5 cm . l o n g by - 1 cm . w i de ; mi crosporophyl ls i mb r i c a te , s l i g h t l y de n t i c u l a te . Fema l e co ne o n a t h i c k ped u n c l e ,

g l o b u l a r , 9 cm . l o n g by 7 cm . w i de , s c a l e s o vo i d a nd o b tu se . S ee d w i t h aro u n de d n u t a n d a o bo vo i d w i ng o n o ne s i de .

N. E . New Ca l e do n i a : Mo u n t P a n i e , 1000- 1640 m

A . MOORE I ( L i n d l . ) Ma s t . Moo re Ka u r i

A tree 15- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a c l e a r bo l e fo r 18 m. . C rown ro u n de d a n ds p re a d i n g . Ba r k wh i t i s h , ta n o r re dd i s h i n ne r- b a rk , ex fo l i a t i ng i n f i nes c a l e s . Bra n c he s f i ne , pe nde n t a t t he t i p s . Yo u n g tree s w i t h fo r ke d bra n c he s .

Bu d s s ho rt , ro u n d , w i t h few, 1arge s c a l e s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l a n ceo l a te , d i s t ic h o u s , 20 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , o n a s ho rt , w i de pe t i o l e . Ad u l t l e a ve sl a n ceo l ate to e l l i p t i c , a t ten u a te , b l u n t l y a c u te , da r k g ree n , p a l e be l ow ,

5-7 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de , ne a r l y s e s s i l e . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i nd r i c a l ,

- 3 cm . l o ng by cm . i n d i ame te r , o n a pedu n c l e 8- 12 mm. l o ng ;m i cro s po ro phy l l s i mb r i c a te , i rre g u l a r l y a ng u l o s e a n d f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te .

Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r o r py r i fo rm, 10- 15 cm . l o n g by 9-12 cm . i n d i ame te r ,

s c a l e s b ro a d l y ro u nde d . Se e d w i t h a n a rrow n u t w i t h one o b l i q ue wi ng a n do ne sma l l , a c u te w i n g .

New Ca l e do n i a : Pembe to T h i o ; Dumbe a to P ro ny , 200- 1000 m. .

36 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

A . P H I L I P P I N E N S I S Warb . I n do ne s i a n Ka u r i_A. damma ra ( L amb . ) R i c h . , i n pa r t .

A tree 45-60 m . ta l l ,-6 m . i n g i r th , w i t h a c o n i c a l c rown a n d w i t h

s omewha t pe nde n t b ra n c h e s . Ba r k redd i s h - g ray , th i c k , w i t h n ume ro u s re s i nb l i s te rs . B ra n c h e s cy l i n d r i c a l to a n g u l a r , s u b ve r t i c i l l a te , d u l l l i g h t g ree n .

B ud s ro u nde d , w i th few , i mbr i c a te s c a l e s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s d i s t i n c t l y a c um i n a te,

7 cm . l o n g by 3 cm . w i de , o va l , w i t h a n a c u te a pe x . Ad u l t l e a ve s da r k g ree n,

l ea th e ry , n a rrow , no n - a c um i n a te , 4 - 5 cm . l o ng by l . 5- 2 cm . w i d e , ro u nd ed a tt he a pex , pe t i o l e 3- 8 mm . l o n g . Tree s p rod uc e a b u n d a n t re s i n from the woo d .

Ma l e s tro b i l i to cm . l o n g ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s h ump - s h a ped d ue to a b ro a d l yde p re s s e d f l a n g e w h i c h o c c u p i e s o f t h e e x po s e d s u rfa ce ; po l l e n s a c s 3-6.

Fema l e c o ne g l o b u l a r ,- 12 cm . l o n g ; e x po s e d pa r t o f the s c a l e s mu c h l e s s

tha n t he to ta l w i d t h o f th e s c a l e , u p pe r co rn e rs o f s c a l e s a re b roa d l yro u nde d a n d th i n , s c a l e s w i t h a p rom i ne n t s c a l l o p o n l ower th i rd o f ea c h s ca l ema rg i n . See d to cm . l o n g , o ne w i n g to cm . l o n g , a no t he r mu c h s h o r te r

P h i l i p p i n e s ; I n do ne s i a : S uma tra ; J a v a ; Bo rneo ; Ce l e be s ; Mo l u c c a s , 450- 2500 m. .

A OVATA ( Moo re e x Vei ll . ) Wa rb . S c r u b Ka u r i.A. hypo l e u ca ( Moo re ) Wa rb .

A s h r u b o r sma l l t ree 1-8 m . ta l l , o fte n b ra n c h i n g from t he ba s e , o r to 25 m .

ta l l w i t h a c l e a r bo l e fo r 12 m . h i g h . C rown s omewha t f l a t te n ed . Ba r k w i t hp rom i ne n t f i s s u re s , w h i t i s h o r ta n , i n te r i o r- ba rk re d - b rown . B ra n c he s a l te rn a te ,

o p po s i te , o r i n who r l s o f 3- 4 , ye l l ow i s h - brown . B ud s ro u nd , w i t h 4 de n s e l yi mbr i c a te s c a l e s . Le a ve s o v a te to o v a te - e l l i p t i c , d a r k g ree n , p a l e or g l a u co u sbe l ow , 4 -8 cm . l o n g by 1- 5 cm . w i de , a pe x b ro a d l y o b t u s e , pe t i o l e f l a tte ne d ,

ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re c u r ve d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , g l a u c o u s , 3- 5 cm . l o n gby l- l . 5 cm . w i de , o n a s h o rt ro b u s t pe d u n c l e 4 -6 mm . l o n g ; m i c ro s po ro phy l l si mb r i c a te , tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e c o ne g l o b u l a r , to 12 cm . l o n g by 10 cm . w i de ,

s ca l e s b rown w i t h a s ho r t - po i n te d umbo . See d s 9- 11 mm . l o n g by 8 rrrn. w i de ,

wi t h a b roa d n u t a n d a n o b l i q ue w i ng o n o ne s i de .

S . New Ca l e do n i a : Mt . H umbo l d t to Mt . des So u rce s , 150- 1000 m. .

A . ORB I C U LA De L a u b . S a rawa k Ka u r i

A tree to 40 m . ta l l . P ro d u c e s a ye l l ow i s h re s i n . Ba rk da rk b rown e x te rn a l l y ,

i n te rn a l l y g ra n u l a r a n d re dd i s h - b rown , ex fo l i a t i n g i n i rre g u l a r p l a te s , w i t hfew s c a t te re d l e n t i ce l s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s ro u n d , a c u te , to cm . l o n g bycm . w i de , o n a s h o r t pe d u n c l e . Ad u l t l e a ve s o v a l to nea r l y c i rc u l a r , o b t u s e o rb l u n t l y a c u te , c l o s e l y set , g l a u co u s be ne a t h , cm . l o n g by cm .

w i de , o n a s ho rt ped u n c l e . Ma l e s tro b i l i o v a te o r cy l i n d r i ca l , 9- 14 mm . l o n gby 4 -6 mm. i n d i ame te r , o n a ped u n c l e 2- 3 mm. l o n g ; s c a l e a p i ce s a re ro u n de d ;e x po se d pa rt s o f m i c ro s p oro p hy l l s a re h umpy . You n g fema l e con e o va l . Ad u l tfema l e co ne to 7 cm . l o n g by cm . i n d i ame te r ; u p pe r ed ge s o f s c a l e si mb r i c a te , l a te r e l l i p t i c .

Ma l ay s i a : S a ba h , U l u Moya h ; S a rawa k : B umbo n g Ruma h , 450- 1050 m. .

S i l b a,

E n cy c l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 37

A . ROBU STA ( C . Moore e x F . Mu e l l . ) F .M. Ba i l . Smoo th - ba rk Ka u r i

A t ree 36- 50 m . t a l l , w i t h a l o n g , s t ra i g h t , c l e a r bo l e . Ba r k b rown,w i t h

sma l l , ro u n d i s h s c a l e s . B ra n c he s s l i g h t l y a n g l e d , smo o t h . B ud s sma l l , ro u n d,

s c a l e s comp re s s e d . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s b ro a d l y o v a te , n ewe r g rowt h re dd i s h - g ree n .

Ad u l t l e a ve s l a n ce o l a te to e l l i p t i c , da r k g re e n , p a l e g ree n be l ow , 5- 15 cm .

l o n g by 2 - 5 cm . w i de , ma rg i n s t h i c ke ne d a n d re c u rved , w i t h a b roa d f l a t te ne dpe t i o l e , a pe x a c um i n a te . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , 5- 10 cm . l o n g by 1 cm .

w i de ; m i c ro s p o ro p hy l l s wea k l y i mb r i c a te , he a d ro u n de d . Fema l e co n e g l o bo seto cy l i n d r i c a l , ma t u r i n g i n 2 ye a rs , da r k g ree n t u r n i n g re d - brown , 10- 15 cm .

l o n g by - 10 cm . w i de . See d s f l a t te ne d , o b l o n g - o vo i d , cm . l o n g , o new i n g to cm . l o n g , the o the r mu c h s h o rte r .

A u s t ra l i a : Quee n s l a n d : Coo k , No rt h Ke n nedy W i de B ay D i s tr i c t s , 0- 900 m. .

A S PATH U LATA De L a u b . E a s te rn New Gu i n e a n Ka u r iA . ro b u s ta subsp . nesophi la Whi tm.

A t ree 25- 55 m . ta l l , to 104 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a l o n g c l e a r bo l e a n d w i t ha s pre a d i n g c rown . Ba r k mottly g ray- ru s t b rown , s he d d i n g i n sma l l p l a te s .

B u d s g l o b u l a r , 2- 4 mm . l o n g , brown . Le a ve s ne a r l y o bo v a te to s po on - s h a ped ,

b l u n t l y a c u te , da r k g ree n , g l o s sy , m i d - g ree n to p a l e r be l ow , cm . l o n gby cm . w i de . Ma l e s t ro b i l i l i g h t g re e n , re l a t i ve l y th i c k , to 13 mm .

wi de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s re l a t i ve l y th i n , 1- 2 mm. w i de . Fema l e co n e b l a c k i s hg ree n a t f i r s t , t h e n b rown , s c a l e s s h i ny , g l o bo s e , to cm . l o n g bycm . w i de .

E . New Gu i n ea : P a p u a , Mo robe D i s tr i c t to New Br i ta i n , 518- 1676 m. .

AMENTOTAXUS Pi lg . ( Ta x a ce ae )

Two s pe c i e s o f e ve rg ree n s h r u b s o r sma l l t ree s from S . E . As i a . B ra n c h l e t so p po s i te . B u d s sma l l , ov o i d , w i t h b l u n t l y a c u te s c a l e s . Le a ve s o p po s i te ,

f l a t te ne d , l a n ceo l a te , n e a r l y 2 - ra n ke d , s omewh a t fa l c a te , l e a t he ry , s ho r ts ta l ke d , b l u n t l y a c u te , da r k g re e n a bove w i t h a p rom i ne n t m i d r i b , wi t h 2l i n e s o f g l a u c o u s s toma ta be l ow , ma rg i n s g ree n i s h . D i oe c i o u s s tro b i l i , o ns ea s o n a l bra n c h l e t s . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n l o ng S p i ke - l i k e ra ceme s , i n g ro u p s o f2- 4 , pe n de n t , a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e t s , w i t h op po s i te c l u s te rs o f s tame n s a n dw i t h pe l ta te s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne s o l i t a ry , on t he u nde r s i de o f t he b ra n c h l e t s ,

o n a l o n g pe n de n t pe d u n c l e , a x i l l a ry , g l o bo s e to o b l on g , ba se s u b ten de d byro u n ded pe r s i s te n t b ra c t s o r s c a l e s , f l e s hy , re dd i s h -ye l l ow . Seed s o ne pe rco ne , w i n g l e s s , a l mo s t comp l e te l y co ve re d by the a r i l ex ce p t ne a r th e a pe x .

A ARGOTAENIA ( Ha n ce ) Pi lg . C h i ne s e F l owe r i n g YewA . a s s am i c a Fe rg u s o n ,

=A. c a t h a ye n s i s L i .

A s h ru b 2-7 m . ta l l , w i t h s p re a d i n g b ra n c he s . Bra n c h l e t s l i g h t o l i veg ree n . Le a ve s 3- 11 cm . l o ng by 6- 11 nnu w i de , l e a t he ry , s tra i g h t , s p re a d i ngs l i g h t l y fo rwa rd s , w i t h 2 wh i te s toma t a l ba n d s be l ow ne a r l y a s bro a d a s t hema rg i n a l ba n d s , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te o r o bt u se . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f1- 3 a t t i p s o f b ra n c h l e t s , 5-6 cm . l o ng , w i t h 2 -5 p o l l e n s a c s . Fema l e coneo vo i d o r s omewh a t g l o bo se , l i g h t o l i ve - g ree n a t f i rs t , 2 cm . l o n g by

cm . w i de . See d to cm . l o n g .

C h i n a : S . E . T i be t to N.W. Ki a n g s i ; N. E. I n d i a : As s am , 300- 1100 m. .

38 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

A . FO RMOSANA L i Fonnosan F l owe r i n g YewA . y un na ne n s i s L i

A sma l l , s p a rs e l y bra n c he d t re e 10- 15 m . ta l l , 25- 30 cm . i n g i r th . B ra n c h l e t sye l l ow i s h . Le a ve s s p re a d i n g s i deway s , fa l c a te ,

- 10 cm . l o n g by 5- 15 non w i de ,

w i t h ye l l ow i s h - wh i te s toma ta l ba n d s be l ow 2 - 3 t i me s b ro a de r t h a n t he ma rg i na lba n d s , a pe x a c u te . Ma l e s t ro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 4 -8, 10- 15 cm . l o n g , w i t h 5- 8

po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e c o ne s o b l o n g - e l l i p s o i d a l , on a ped u n c l e to 19 mm . l o n g ,

- 3 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Se e d l . 5- 2 cm . l o n g , brown .

N . V i e tn am : C h a p a ; C h i n a : S .W. Y u n n a n ; S . Ta i wa n : Tai to, 700- 1300 m. .

ARAU CA R I A Jus s ieu ( Ara u c a r i a c e ae )

A gen u s o f n i ne tee n s pe c i e s from So u th Ame r i c a a n d Au s tra l a s i a . E ve rg ree n ,

mo s t l y d i oe c i o u s tree s w i t h re g u l a r l y wh o r l e d b ra n c he s . B ud s i n co n s p i c uo u s .

Yo u n g t ree s bra n c he d to the g ro u n d , o l d tree s w i th a l o n g c l e a r bo l e a nd w i t ha f l a t te n e d c rown . J u ve n i l e l e a v e s nee d l e - l i k e , t h i n , l o o s e l y i m b r i c a te ,

s p i ra l l y a rra n g e d . Ad u l t l e a ve s u s u a l l y s c a l e - l i ke o r s ome t i me s need l e - l i k e ,

s p i r a l l y a r ra n ge d o r nea r l y 2 - ra n ked , u s u a l l y c l o se l y i mb r i ca te , o ve r l a p p i n g ,

f l a tten e d , s ome t i me s l a n ce o l a te a n d s h a rp po i n te d , pe r s i s te n t fo r ma ny yea rs ,

ofte n w i t h fa i n t s toma ta a bo ve . Ma l e co ne s te rm i n a l a n d s o l i ta ry o r d i s po s edi n c l u s te r s , w i t h n ume ro u s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d s tame n s , a n t he rs 6-8 c e l l e d . Fema l eco ne s g l o bo s e , r i pe n i n g i n 2- 3 ye a rs , he a vy , m i l ky ; s c a l e s u s ua l l y w i th t h i ns p i ny a p i c a l umbo s , s c a l e s th i n a n d s omewh a t f l a t ten ed , s c a l e s b re a k i n g a p a r tfrom th e ce n t ra l a x i s u po n ma t u r i ty ; ov u l e s o ne pe r s c a l e , u n i te d w i t h t hes c a l e . See d s u n i te d wi t h t he scale , sometimes ed i b l e , u s ua l l y w i n ge d o n t h ee dge s . Co ty l e do n s 2- 4 . Ge rm i n a t i on wi t h e p i ge a l o r hypoge a l c o ty l edo n s .

A . ANGU ST I FO L I A O . Ku n t z e P a ra n a Ara u ca r i a

A tree to 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a s t ra i g h t trun k a n d w i t h h o r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s ,

be com i n g f l a t - to p pe d . B a r k f i n e l y s c a l y , re s i n o u s , s tr i a ted ho r i zon ta l l y .

Bra n c h l e t s a rra n ge d i n who r l s o f 4 -8. Le a ve s s h ar p l y a c u te , need l e - l i ke ,

l a n ceo l a te , m i d r i b v i s i b l e , u s u a l l y i n p a i rs , g ree n o r g l a u c ou s , t h i c k ,

3-6 cm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de , wi t h s toma t a a bo ve , kee l e d be l ow . Le a ve s onfe rt i l e bra n c h l e t s de n s e l y d i s po se d s p i ra l l y , mu c h s h orte r , de n se r , w i t hp rom i ne n t s toma ta be l ow . Ma l e cone de n s e , s ho r t l y ex te n d i n g beyo nd t he a x i lo f the l ea ve s , 10- 18 cm . l on g by cm . w i de , s c a l e s i mbr i c a te . Fema l eco ne g l o b u l a r , 18- 25 cm . l o n g by 13 cm . w i de , c he s t n u t- brown , ma t u r i ngi n 2- 3 yea r s , s c a l e s w i t h a l on g re c u rve d bra c t o r umbo . Seed s l i g h t brown ,

5 cm . l o n g by - 2 cm . w i de , w i t h n a rrow w i n g s . Germ i n a t i on hypog e a l .

Co ty l e do n s 2 .

5. Braz i l : Sa n ta C a t a r i n a , Ca n o i n h a s ; N . Arge n t ina ; Pa ra g u ay ,500-2300 m. .

A A RAUCANA ( Mo l i n a ) K . Ko c h Mon key P u z z l e Ara u ca r i aA . i mbr i c a ta P a vo n

A pyram i d a l tree 30-40 m . ta l l , 1 m . i n g i r t h . Ba r k g ray - brown ,

re s i no u s , smoo t h , ma r k e d by r i ng s ma de by o l d bra n c h s c a r s . B ra n c he s ho r i zo n ta l , i n who r l s o f f i ve , i n o p po s i te p a i r s , l a te ra l bra n c he s ho r i zo n ta lo r s l i g h t l y pe n de n t . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , pe r s i s ten t o n the tr u n k e ve n tot he ba se , ova te - l a n ceo l a te , s h i ny g ree n on bo th s u rfa ce s , 3-5 cm . l on g by

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C on i fe ra e 39

cm . w i de , s u rfa c e ma r ke d w i t h l o n g i t ud i n a l l i ne s , w i t h s toma ta onbo t h fa c e s , pe rs i s t 10- 15 ye a r s . D i oe c i o u s o r mo n oe c i o u s . Ma l e c o ne s o l i t a ry o ri n g ro up s , e re c t , ye l l ow i s h - brown , 7- 15 cm . l o n g by 5 cm . w i de , w i t h 20 who r l eds c a l e s ; m i c ro s po ro phy l l s a c u te , re c u rv e d . Fema l e co n e g l o b u l a r , d a r k b rown

,

ma t u r i ng i n 2 - 3 ye a r s , 10- 18 cm . l o n g by 8- 15 cm . w i de , fa l l i n g o ff a t ma tu r i ty,

s c a l e s w i th a l o n g t r i a n g u l a r re c u rve d po i n t . See d s b r i g h t b rown to o ra n g i s h,

tr i a n g u l a r ,- 4 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , w i t h a l o ng n a r row n u t

,wi t h 2

sma l l e ve n w i ng s a t t he to p , ma rg i n s de n t i c u l a te a t t he a pe x .

5. C h i l e a n d S .W. Arge n t i n a ; W. An de s , 950- 1050 m. .

A . B E RN I E R I B u c h h o l z Be rn i e r A ra u ca r i a

A n a rrow l y co l umn a r t ree 40- 50 m . t a l l . Ba rk g ray , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s tri p s .

B ra n c h l e t s i n o ne p l a ne , fo rm i n g a w i de U- l i ke pa t te rn , 4 -6 mm . i n d i ame te r .

J u ve n i l e l ea ve s t r i a n g u l a r , need l e - l i ke , a pex s h a rp l y a c u te , to 7 mm. l o n g,

re l a t i ve l y t h i c k . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , i m b r i c a te , t r i a ng u l a r,kee l e d

, 2mm . l on g by mm . wi de , a pe x i n c u rve d . Ma l e cone b l u i s h - wh i te

,cy l i n dr i c a l

,

4 -9 cm . l on g by 8- 16 mm . w i de , s c a l e s l a n ceo l a te , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r,

po l l e n s a c s 4 -6. Fema l e c on e p rom i ne n t l y g l a u c o u s , to 10 cm . l o n g by - 8 cm .

wi de , re c u rve d l i p o f s c a l e ra i s e d , b ra c t s to 5 mm . l o ng . See d s to 3 cm . l o ng,

n u t s o v a te , w i n g s b ro a d l y rounded.Germination e p i ge a l .

New Ca l e do n i a : Po um , a n d from C a n a l a to P l a i ne des L a c s , 0-700 m. .

A . B I DW I L L I I Hoo k . B u nya - B unya Ara u c a r i a

A co n i ca l tre e to 45 m . ta l l , 90- 120 cm . i n g i rt h o r mo re , be com i n g ro u ndto p pe d . Tr u n k fre e o f b ra n c he s fo r a c on s i de ra b l e he i g h t . Bra n c he s l on g ,

pe n de n t , bra n c h l e t s c l u s te re d i n who r l s o f 10- 15. Ba rk g ray - b rown , th i c k , smo o th ,

p a r t i a l l y e x fo l i a t i n g i n th i n s c a l e s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n g ed , nee d l e - l i ke ,

n on - i mb r i c a te , l a n ceo l a te , f l a t te n e d , w i t h o u t a m i dr i b , da r k g ree n , ma rg i n se n t i re , a pe x w i t h a l o n g s p i ne , to 5 cm . l ong by

- 1 cm . w i de , w i t h i rre g u l a rs toma ta a bo ve , s toma t a be l ow i n re g u l a r l i n e s . Le ave s o n fe r t i l e bra nc h l e t si n c urve d , no n - kee l e d , cm . l on g . Ma l e co ne i n g ro u p s o f 15- 20 , cm .

w i de o n h i g h bra n c he s , o n s ho r t bra n c h l e t s ; m i cro s po rop hy l l s i mb r i c a te a n dde n t i c u l a te . Fema l e co ne o n bra n c he s h i g h from t he gro u n d , e re c t , e l l i p t i c o rg l o b u l a r , kg . he a vy , to 27 cm . l o n g by 25 cm . wi de o r l a rge r , s c a l e s w i t ha l o ng re c urve d s p i ne . See d s ro u n ded , w i t h rud i me n ta ry wi ng s , 4 -7 cm . l ong by

cm . w i de , a bo u t 150 pe r c o ne . Co ty l edo n s 2 , ge rmi na t i o n hypoge a l .

Au s tra l i a : S . E . Quee n s l a n d , Coo k D i s tr i c t , Mo u n t Bu ny a , 100- 1100 m. .

A . B I RAMULATA B u c h ho l z B iramule Ara u c a r i a

A co l umn a r tree to 30 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s , s pre a d i ng bra n c he s . Ba rkg ray o r brown , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s t r i p s . Br a n c he s mu l t i - s temmed a t t h e t i p s ,

s e a s o n a l bra n c he s 8- 13 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ven i l e fo l i a g e need l e - l i ke , no n - f l a tte ned , c u rved i nwa rd s , a pex s h a rp l y a c u te . Ad u l t l e a ve s s p re a d i n g , ov a te , s c a l e1i ke , w i t h a p rom i ne n t m i d r i b , 7-9mm. l o n g by 5-6 mm . wi de , kee l ed , a c um i n a te ,

s toma ta on bo t h s u rfa ce s , a pe x i n c urved . Ma l e con e cy l i n d r i c a l , 6- 7 cm . l o n g by- 2 cm . w i de , s c a l e s a c um i n a te , po l l en sac s 7-8, m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s t r i a ng u l a r .

Fema l e co n e 9- 10 cm . l o ng by 8-9 cm . w i de ; bra c t s e re c t , to 8 mn. l o n g .

See d s to 3 cm . l on g , w i t h a l o n g tr i a n g u l a r n u t a n d w i t h o v a te w i ng s .

Ge rm i n a t i on e p i ge a l .

W . New Ca l e do n i a , ty pe from Mo i s de Ma i , 300- 1050 m. .

40 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

A . CO L UMNAR I S ( Fo r s t . ) Hoo k . Coo k o r C o ra l Reef Ara u c a r i aA . cooki i R . B rown e x E n d l .

A na r row l y co n i c a l tree to 60 m . ta l l . Tru n k c l e a r,the n l a te r w i th n ume ro u s

s ho r t s hoo t s . Ba rk g ray , p a pe ry , ex fo l i a t i n g i n th i n s tr i p s.Bra n c h l e ts co rd

l i ke , g row i n g i n o ne p l a n e, 9- 10 mn. i n d i a me te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s n ee d l e - l i k e

,

i mb r i c a te , l a n ceo l a te , 4 - 7 mm. l o n g by 2 - 3 mm. w i de , a pex i n c u r ved . A d u l t l ea ve ss c a l e - l i ke , i mb r i c a te , tr i a n g u l a r , a c um i n a te , o b tu s e

,m i d r i b fa i n t

, 5- 7 ' nu l o n gby 3- 5 mm . w i de , a pex i n c u rved . Ma l e co n e o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c a l

, 5- 10 cm . l o n g by15-22 mm . w i de ; s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , f i ne l y tee the d

,po l l e n s a c s 10 ; mi crosporo

phylls c u s p i da te . Fema l e con e 10- 15 cm . l o n g by 7- 11 cm . w i de , w i t h s ho r t bra c t smm. l o n g . Seed s 3 cm . l o n g , n u t o va te , w i n g s b roa d l y ro u n de d

.Ge rm i n a t i o n

i ge a

S . New Caledo n i a : Qu i n ne to P ro ny a n d I s l e o f P i ne s, 0- 50 m. .

A . C UN N I NG HAM I I A i to n ex D . Don Au s t ra l i a n Hoo p Ara u c a r i a

An asymetrical t ree to 60 m . t a l l , 4 m . i n g i rt h . Ba r k ro u g h , i n h o r i z o n ta lba n d s , e x fo l i a t i n g i n f i n e c i rc u l a r ba n d s . B ra n c he s l o n g , b ra n c h l e t s i n tu ft sa t t he e n d s . Sea s o n a l b ra n c h l e t s to 2 cm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s s p i ra l l yarra ng e d , g ree n o r g l a u c o u s , ma rg i n s e n t i re , f l a t te n ed , s toma ta o n bo th s u rfa ce s .

Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke ,- 2 cm . l o n g , incurved,acute , i mb r i c a te , ke e l e d on

bo th s i de s , s toma t a o n bo t h s u rfa c e s . Ma l e co ne cy l i n dr i c a l , 2-3 cm . l o n g by5- 7 mm . w i de , w i t h s ho rt i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s , w i t h 10 s c a l e s ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l srh omb i c , o b t u s e . Fema l e c o n e o vo i d , symetri cal , 8- 10 cm . l o n g by 6- 8 cm . wi de ,

s c a l e s w i th l o n ge r re f l e xe d s p i n e s t h a n t he N ew G u i n e a p l a n ts . See d s cm . l o n gby 6-7 mm. w i de , w i t h n a rrow w i n g s . C o ty l e don s 2 , genninati on e p i ge a lA u s tra l i a : E . Q u ee n s l a n d ; New So u t h Wa l e s , Ma c l e ay R i ve r , 0- 1000 m. .

A C UN N I NG HAM I I v a r . PA P UANA L a u t . New G u i n e a n Hoo p P i n eA . beccari Wa r b .

A tree 22-60 m . ta l l , to 1 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h symme tr i c a l bra n c he s . Ba r kpee l i n g o ff i n t h i n ro l l s . Le a ve s a c u te , 1 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , ke e l e d onbo th fa ce s , a pe x re c u rve d a n d s p i n e - t i p ped . Ma l e co ne re l a t i ve l y s h o r t ,

cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Fema l e c o n e to 11 cm . l o n g , bra c t s b l a c k a n dl o n ge r . See d s s h or te r a nd bro a de r w i t h l a rge r w i n g s , n u t 8 mm . w i de , w i n g 10mm . w i de , e n t i re s ee d cm . l o n g by cm . w i de .

W . New G u i nea : Pa p u a New G u i ne a we s twa rd s , 610- 2400 m. .

A H ETE ROPHY L LA ( S a l i s b . ) Fra n co No rfo l k I s l a nd Ara u c a r i aA . e x ce l s a ( L amb . ) R . B r . e x A i to n , i n pa r t .

A con i c a l tree 50- 70 m . ta l l , l . 25 m . i n g i rt h . Ba rk g ray- b rown ,

ex fo l i a t i ng i n f i n e s c a l e s . Bra n c he s i n a f l a t ho r i z o n ta l p l a ne , s ome t i me spe nde n t , bra n c h l e t s i n who r l s o f 4 -7. Fo l i a ge d i mo rp h i c . J u ven i l e l e a ve s aw ls h a pe d , i nc u rved , g reen , nee d l e - l i ke , to cm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke ,

4 - 5 mm . l o ng , i n c u rve d , de n s e l y a rra n ge d , br i g h t da rk g ree n ; on fe rt i l ebra n c h l e t s ove r l a p p i n g , broa d l y o va te , s p i ne - t i p ped , 6 mm . l o ng by 4 -6 mm .

w i de . Ma l e cone i n c l u s ter s , e l o ng a ted , 4 cm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s h - brown o r re dd i s h ;m i cro s po ro p hy l l s a c u te , ma rg i n s c i l i a te , de n t i c u l a te . Fema l e cone bro a de r t ha nl on g , 12- 15 cm . l on g , w i t h t r i a n g u l a r s c a l e s a n d a l o n g i n c u rve d bra c t . See d s

-3 cm . l on g by cm . w i de , w i t h broa d w i ng s . Co ty l edon s 4 , e p i ge a lA u s tra l i a : No rfo l k I s l a n d e ndem i c , l ow tro p i c a l a re a s

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42 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

A . MONTANA B ron g . et Gri seb. Mo u n ta i n Ara u c a r i a

A co l umn a r tree 10- 4 0 m . ta l l . B ra n c he s n ume ro u s a n d s p re a d i n g , 15- 22 run i nd i ame te r . Ba r k d a r k b rown o r g ray , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s tr i p s o r s c a l y . J u ve n i l el e a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , no n - f l a t te ned , o va te , l a n c eo l a te , 10 mm . l o n g by 4 - 5 mm. w i de ,

a pe x i n c u r ve d . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , b l u n t l y a c u te to o b t u s e , o v a te , 11- 14 nnn

l o n g by 7-8 mm . w i de , l o o s e l y i mb r i c a te , a pex i n c u rve d , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t . Ma l ec one cy l i n dr i c a l , 8 cm . l o n g by 20- 28 mm . w i de , s c a l e s t r i a n g u l a r , po l l e ns a c s 12 , m i c ro s po ro phy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e con e 8- 9 cm . l o n g by 6- 8 cm . w i de ;bra c t s s ho r t a n d a c um i n a te , 5- 10 mm . l o n g . Seed to cm . l o n g , w i t h o v a lw i n g s a n d a n e l o n g a ted n u t . Ge rm i n a t i o n e p i g e a l .

N . New Ca l e do n i a , ty pe ne a r Ca n a l a , 200- 1400 m. .

A . MU E L L E R I ( C a r r . ) Bron g . et Gri seb. Mu e l l e r A ra uc a r i a

A tree 10- 25 m . ta l l , wi t h a c a n de l a b ra - l i ke c rown . Ba r k g ray , ex fo l i a t i n g i ns c a l e s o r th i n s tr i p s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s tr i a n g u l a r , s omewh a t f l a t te ne d , 2 cm .

l o n g , s c a l e - l i ke , s h a rp l y a c u te . B ra n c he s s p re a d i n g , l a n c eo l a te , bra n c h l e t s 3- 5cm . i n d i ame te r . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , t r i a n g u l a r , i mbr i c a te , s toma ta o n bo t hs u rfa ce s , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , 3 cm . l o n g by l .5- 2 cm . w i de , a pe x a c um i n a te a n di nc u rve d . Ma l e co n e cy l i n d r i c a l , 13- 25 cm . l o n g by 28- 37 nun node , s c a l e sa c um i n a te a t the a pex , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s c u s p i d a te , po l l e n s a c s 20 pe r s c a l e .

Fema l e co n e 11- 15 cm . l o n g by 8- 10 cm . w i de ; w i t h s ho r t , e re c t b ra c t s 10- 20 mm .

l o n g . See d s 3 cm . l o n g , w i th n a rrow , tr i a n g u l a r n u t s ; w i n g s s ho rt a n d b ro a d .

Ge rm i n a t i o n e p i g e a l .

S . New Ca l edo n i a : Mt . Koghi s to Mt . de s Sou rce s , 150- 1400 m. .

A . N EMOROSA De L a u b . Bo i s e A ra u c a r i a

A tre e to 15 m . ta l l , w i t h a n o va l o r co n i c a l c rown . Bra n c h l e t s 8- 12 mm . i nd i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s n ee d l e - l i k e , l a n ceo l a te , c u rve d i nwa rd s , re l a t i ve l yt h i c k . Ad u l t l e a ve s i mbr i c a te , l a n ce o l a te , n a rrow , s c a l e - l i k e , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t ,

kee l ed dor s a l l y , 6- 10 mm . l o n g by - 3 mm . w i de , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te a n d i n c u rve d .

Ma l e cone cy l i n d r i c a l , 8 cm . l o n g by 14 mm . w i de , m i c ro s poro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r ,

po l l e n s a c s 6. Fema l e con e o vo i d , 11 cm . l on g by 5-9 cm . w i de , w i t h l o n gre fl e xe d bra c t s 12- 20 ' nu 10mg . See d s to 30 mm . l on g , n u t s omewh a t re c ta n g u l a r ,

w i n g s bro a d l y o v a te . Co ty l e do n s 4 , ge rm i n a t i o n e p i ge a l .

S . New Ca l e do n i a Po rt Bo i s e , e nd a n g e re d , to 10 m . a l t i t u de .

A . RULEI Mue l l . Ru l e Ara u c a r i a

A t ree to 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a s p i de r- l i ke crown. Bark da rk b rown , ex fo l i a t i n gi n th i n s t r i p s o r s c a l y . J u ven i l e b ra n c he s d i s t i c ho u s . Ad u l t b ra n c h l e t s 2 cm .

i n d i ame te r , i n l o n g wh i p- l i ke co rd s . J u ven i l e l e a ve s n a rrow , s ca l e - l i ke , i n c u rved ,

s h a rp l y a c u te . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , d a r k g ree n , tw i s ted , i m br i c a te , l a n ceo l a te ,

m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , a pe x i n c u rve d , 2 cm . l on g by cm . w i de . Ma l e co n ecy l i n dr i c a l , 13 cm . l o ng by 30 mm . w i de , s c a l e s t r i a n g u l a r , po l l e n s a c s 15,m i cro s po rop hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e co ne to 12 cm . l o n g by 8 cm . w i de ; bra c ts e re c t ,

tr i a n g u l a r to 15 mm . l o n g w i t h a w i de ba s e . See d s to 3 cm . l o n g , n u t w i t h a n e l onga te d t i p , w i ng s o va te . Ge rm i n a t i on e p i ge a l .

New C a l edon i a : ce n tra l a n d s o u the rn a re a s , type ne a r Pre s q ue de Bogo ta , a t 150

1150 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe rae 43

A . SCHMI DI I De L a u b . S c hm i d Ara uc a r i a

A tree to 30 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume rou s a s c e n d i n g b ra n c h e s . Ba r k g ray,e x fo l i a t i n g

i n l o n g s tr i p s 10- 15 cm . w i de . P r i ma ry b ra n c he s s p re ad i n g , p i nn a te,i n a

m u l t i - s temmed U - l i ke pa t te rn . Bra n c h l e t s i n 2 - ra n k s , 6- 9 mm . i n d i ame te r . Juveni l e l e a ve s l a n ce o l a te , ke e l e d , 18 mm . l o n g by 2 nnu wdde by mm. th i c k

,

nee d l e - l i ke , p un ge n t , a pe x i n c u rve d . Ad u l t l e a ve s i mb r i c a te , l a n ceo l a te,ke e l e d

,

7- 10 mm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , nee d l e - l i ke , a pe x i n c u rve d . Fema l e c o ne s no tsee n . Ge rm i n a t i o n re po r te d l y e p i g e a l .

N. E . New Ca l edo n i a : Mo u n t Pa n i e , ra re , 1500- 1630 m. .

A . S C OPU L ORUM De L a u b . Roc k Ara u c a r i a

A t ree 4 - 20 m . ta l l , w i t h an o v a l c rown . Ba r k e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s tr i p s,

l i g h t g ray , ne a r l y wh i te . J u ve n i l e bra n c he s s pre a d i n g . Adu l t b ra n c h l e t s p i n n a te,

fo rm i n g a w i de U - l i ke p a t te r n i n o n e p l a ne , 6- 8 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve snee d l e - l i ke , 7 mm . l o n g , c u rved i nwa rd s . Ad u l t l e a ve s i mbr i c a te , i n de n s e s e t s

,

o va te , m i d r i b p rom i n e n t , s c a l e - l i k e , a pex s l i g h t l y i n c u rve d , 3- 4 mm . l o n g by- 3 mm . w i de . Ma l e c o ne cy l i n d r i c a l , tw i s te d , 3- 5 cm . l on g by 7- 11 mm . w i de ,

s c a l e s ova te , po l l e n s a c s 6, m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e c o ne s n o t s ee n ;s c a l e s w i th a n t r i a n g u l a r b ra c t to 5 mm . l o n g . See d s to 3 cm . l o n g , w i t h a no b l o n g n u t w i t h a n e l o n g a ted t i p , w i n g s b roa d l y a c um i n a te . Gennination e p i ge a lN. E . New C a l e do n i a : Po um ; Do th i o ; C a p Bo c a g e , 0- 300 m. .

A . S UB U LATA V iei ll . N a rrow - l e a f Ara u c a r i aA . balansae B ro n g . et Gri seb.

A co l umn a r t ree to 50 m . ta l l . Ba rk g ray , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s t r i p s . B ra n c he si n o ne p l a n e i n a s h a rp V- l i k e p a t te rn o r i n a U - l i ke p a t te rn , 5- 9 ' U L i nd i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s need l e - l i k e , n a rrow l y l a n c e o l a te , c u rve d i nwa rd s . Adu l tl e a ve s s ca l e - l i ke , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , l a n c eo l a te , c urve d i nwa rd s , 4 -6 inn. l o n g by2 mm . w i de , k ee l e d do r s a l l y . Ma l e c o ne cy l i n dr i c a l , 5- 10 cm . l o ng bycm . w i de , po l l e n s a c s 10 , m i cro s p oro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e co ne g l o bo s e , ll- 12

cm . l o n g by 7- 9 cm . w i de , b ra c t s s hor t , to 6 mm . l on g . See d s to 3 cm . l o ng , n u t sov a te , w i n g s nea r l y re c ta n g u l a r . Gennination e p i ge a l .

New Ca l e do n i a : I gnambi ; C a n a l a ; M t . Dzumac ; Mt . des So urce s , 320- 1900 m. .

ATH ROTAX I S 0 . Don (Ta xod i a ceae )

A ge n u s of two s pe c i e s a n d on e hybr i d from W . Ta sma n i a . Mo noe c i o u s e ve rg re ent ree s w i t h ba r k pe e l i n g o ff i n t h i n , l o ng s t r i p s . Bra n c h l e t s s p re a d i n g , t h i c k ,

u l t i ma te bra n c h l e t s de c i d uo u s . B u d s i nco n s p i c u ou s . Le a ve s h omomo rp h i c , s ca l e1i ke a n d a pp re s s e d o r l a n ce o l a te a n d l o o s e l y d i spo s e d , u n i fo rm i n s h a pe a n ds i ze , th i c k , wi t h fa i n t or p rom i ne n t s toma ta . Ma l e con e s s o l i ta ry , c a t k i n - l i ke ,

w i t h i mb r i c a te s p i ra l l y a rra n ged ame n t s , a n t he rs 2- ce l l ed . Fema l e co n e s woody ,

g l o bo s e , ma t u r i ng i n one ye a r , w i t h ma ny tr i a n g u l a r s c a l e s ; s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l ,

re c u rve d a p i c a l um bo o r th e s c a l e s a re t h i n , p a pe ry a nd w i t ho u t umbo s . See d s3-6 pe r s c a l e , o b l on g , t h i n , w i t h 2 n a r row e ven w i ng s . Coty l edon s 2

44 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

A . C U P R E S SO I DE S 0 . Do n Smoo t h o r L i t t l e - l e a f A t h ro ta x i sA . i m b r i c a ta Ma u l e e x Go r d .

A b ro a d l y co l um n a r tree 6- 15 m . ta l l , w i t h a s ce n d i n g b ra n c he s . B a rk b row n i s hg ray , s l i g h t l y s h re ddy . B ra n c h l e t s thi ck. somewhat f l e s hy , p ro d u c e d i n wh o r l s o f3 . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , da r k g ree n , c l o s e l y i m b r i c a te , o b t u s e , 3- 4 NHL l o n g , k ee l e d ,

w i t h n ume ro u s m i c ro s co p i c s toma ta , ma rg i n s t ra n s l u ce n t a n d de n t i c u l a te . Ma l ec on e a t t i p s o f branchlets ,globular , 3 mm . l o n g , w i t h 2 - 4 p o l l e n s a c s . Fema l econ e p ro d u ce d on te rm i n a l s i de shoots , pendent , o ra n ge , g l o bo s e , cm . l o n gby cm . w i de ; s c a l e s t h i c ke ne d , w i t h a f l a t te ne d , sma l l , tr i a ng u l a r

,re c ur ve d

,

a p i c a l umbo . See d s w i t h 2 e ven wi n g s . C oty l e don s 2 , ge rm i n a t i o n e p i ge a lA u s tra l i a : W . Ta sma n i a ; L a u n c e s to n , L a ke S a i n t C l a i r , 640- 1067 m. .

A . x LA X I F O L I A Hoo k . S ummi t o r Ye l l ow- tw i g A t h ro ta x i s—A. don i a n a He n k . et Ho c h s t .

A co n i c a l tre e 12- 21 m . ta l l . Ba rk d a rk o ra n g e - brown , dee p l y f i s s u re d , f l a ky ,

e x fo l i a t i n g . Se a s o n a l bra n c h l e t s p a l e or b r i g h t ye l l ow . T re e s s p a r s e l y b ra n c he d .

Le a ve s o va te - l a n ceo l a te , s l i g h t l y s p re a d i n g , a c u te , 6mm. l o n g , w i t h 2 wh i teba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow , ma rg i n s e n t i re a n d t ra n s l u c en t , a pe x i n c u rved . Ma l e co new i t h 2 p o l l en s a c s . Fema l e co n e p rod u ce d i n p a i rs , de n s e l y c l u s tere d on e n d s o fs ho r t s hoo t s , ov o i d , br i g h t ye l l ow o r p a l e ,

- 3 cm . wi de , o n a pe d u n c l e 2 - 3

mm. l o n g ; s c a l e s t h i n , tr i a n g u l a r , p a pe ry , wa vy , g l a u c o u s a t t he b a s e , w i t ho u tprom i ne n t umbo s . See d s wi t h 2 n a rrow w i n g s .

A u s tra l i a : W. Ta sma n i a , o n mou n ta i n s umm i t s , to 1219m. .

A S E LAG I N O I D ES 0 . Don K i n g W i l l i am o r Lo n g l e a f At h ro ta x i sA . a l p i n a V a n Ho u t te ex Go rd .

A con i c a l tree 27- 30 m . ta l l . Ba r k da r k o ra n ge - re d , s l i g h t l y f u rrowe d ,

ex fo l i a t i n g i n l o n g s t r i p s . B ra n c h l e t s u p r i g h t , tu fted ne a r t he c rown , smoo th ,

br i g h t l i g h t g ree n . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , s h i ny g ree n , free a nd s p re a d i n g ,

a c u te , aw l - S h a pe d , l a n ceo l a te , po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s , a pex i n c u rve d a n d s h a rp l ya c um i n a te , 8- 13 mm . l o n g , kee l e d o n b a c k w i t h 2 sma l l g l a u c o u s de p re s s i o n s ,

w i t h two b r i g h t b l u i s h -wh i te ba nd s be ne a t h , ma rg i n s en t i re . Ma l e c on e stenninal o n s ho r t bra n c h l e t s , w i t h 2 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e co ne s on a pe d u n c l e2- 3 mm . l o ng , g l o b u l a r ,

- 3 cm . l o ng , o ra n ge t u rn i n g b rown ; s c a l e s pa pe ry ,

tr i a n g u l a r , a c um i n a te , de n t i c u l a te . Seed s 2 -4 pe r co n e s c a l eA u s t ra l i a W . Ta sma n i a ; La u n ce s ton , Ha rtz Mts . , 914 - 1219m. .

AUSTROTAXUS Comp t . ( Tax a ce ae )

A mon o typ i c ge n u s from New C a l edo n i a . A mo n oe c i o u s tree w i t h d i s t i n c telongated.acuminate b u d s w i t h few , l o n g , tr i a n g u l a r s c a l e s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l ya rra n ge d , n a rrow l y l a n ceo l a te , Podocar us- l i ke a c u te , l e a t hery , g roove da bo ve , w i t h a prom i ne n t m i d r i b be low , kee le d be l ow , ma rg i n s re vo l u te , w i t ha n a rrow pe t i o l e . Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a s c a l y pe d u n c l e , i n den se a x i l l a ryS p i ke s , wi t h acum i n a te s c a l e s , pe l ta te m i c ro s porop hy l l s a n d 2- 4 po l l e n s a c s .

Fema l e cone o b l o n g , s o l i ta ry , bo rn e o n a s c a l y pe d u n c l e ; ov u l e ne a r l ye n c l o s e d e x ce p t ne a r the t i p by a f l e s hy ora n g e a r i l . Seed s one pe r con e ,

w i t h a po i n te d a pe x , w i n g l e s s .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a Co n i fe ra e 45

A . S P I CATA Comp to n New Ca l e don i a n F l owe r i n g Yew

A t ree 3- 25 m . t a l l , w i t h a de n s e l y b ra n c h e d c rown . Ba r k f i b ro u s,f l a ky

,

b rown - re d . B ud s g l o b u l a r , ta pe r i n g to a n a c u te a pex , to 3 mm . l o n g,w i t h few

tr i a n g u l a r s c a l e s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , l i ne a r l a n ce o l a te, 5- 10 cm . l o n g

by - 5 mm . w i de , da rk g ree n a bo ve , g roove d a bo ve , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t be l ow,

a pex a c u te . Ma l e s t rob i l i i n de n s e a x i l l a ry s p i ke s 10- 15 1nn. l o n g,o n a s c a l y

pe d u n c l e , w i t h 12 - 18 fe r t i l e s c a l e s , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s pe l ta te , po l l e n s a c s 2 - 4 .

Fema l e co n e s o l i t a ry , bo rne on a s c a l y pe d un c l e . See d to 12 mm . l o n g by 6- 7mm . w i de , a co rn - l i ke , e n c l o sed e x ce p t a t the t i p i n a f l e s hy ora nge a r i l

,

s ee d c re s te d a t the a pe x .

New C a l e don i a : no r t he a s t a n d ce n tra l a reas , type n e a r I gnambi , 500- 1350 m. .

CAL L I TR I S Ve n t . ( C u p re s s a c eae )

A gen u s of fo u r tee n s pe c i e s from A u s tra l i a a n d New Ca l e do n i a . Mon oe c i o u ss h ru b s o r t ree s w i t h d i s t i n c t j o i n t - l i ke b ra n c h l e t s . B ra n c h e s s h o r t a n de re c t . B ra n c h l e t s r i g i d , w i t h c l o s e l y p re s s e d , s he a t h - l i ke l e a f ba s e s .

J u ve n i l e s eed l i n g s w i t h nee d l e - l i k e fo l i a g e w i t h s toma ta . Ad u l t l e a ve s m i n u te,

u s u a l l y s ca l e - l i k e o r s ome t i me s nee d l e - l i ke , i n who r l s o f 3- 4 , i mbr i c a te ,

w i t ho u t s toma ta be l ow ; a pe x tr i a n g u l a r , s ome t i me s S l i g h t l y t h i c ke n ed a n di n c u rve d . Ma l e c o ne s ov o i d to cy l i n d r i c , a t e n d s o f bra n c h l e t s , s tame n i nw ho r l s o f 3- 4 . Fema l e c o ne s bo rn e on s h o r t th i c k ped un c l e s , u s u a l l y r i pen i n gi n 2 ye a r s , pe rs i s te n t fo r ma ny ye a rs , o pe n i n g i n the ce n te r u pon ma tu r i ty ,

u s u a l l y w i t h 6-8 u ne q u a l t r i a n g u l a r s c a l e s , w i th o u t ba s a l b ra c t s , s c a l e s o fthe o u te r whor l u s u a l l y sma l l e r t h a n t he i n ne r wh o r l . See d s 2-9 pe r s c a l e ,

w i th 2 - 3 na rrow or b ro a d e ve n o r s ome t i me s u ne ve n w i ng s . Co ty l e do n s 2 ,

ra re l y,

3 .

C . BAI LEYI C.T . Wh i te Ba i l ey Cypre s s - P i n e

A sma l l , S l e n de r tree 6- 15 m . ta l l , to 20 cm . i n g i rt h . Ba rk d a r k g ray ,

s l i g h t l y f i s s u re d . Ba r k of bra n c h l e t s w h i t i s h - b rown . Bra n c h l e t s re l a t i ve l yth i c k , o b t u s e , f i ne l y d i v i de d , g re e n . L ea ve s 2 -5 mm. l on g by 2 mm . w i de ,

g ree n , prom i n e n t l y a n d o fte n a c u te l y ke e l e d o n the do r s a l s i de . Fema l e co nera th e r sma l l , ovo i d to o b l o n g , ofte n d i s to r te d , wa r ty , n o t pe rs i s te n t ,

cm . w i de , w i t h 6 s c a l e s ; s ca l e s g roo ve d i n t he ce n te r , re l a t i ve l y t h i c k ,

w i t h a sma l l t h i n umbo o n u p pe r h a l f of t h e s c a l e to 1 mm . l ong . See d s few ,

w i th 2 re l a t i ve l y u ne q u a l w i n g s .

Au s tra l i a : S . E . Quee n s l a n d ; type ne a r Be n a rk i n ; N. E. New So u t h Wa l e s ,

Ta bu l am , 365- 900 m. .

C CAN ES C E N S ( P a r l . ) S .T. B l a k e Ke l l e rbe rr i n Cyp re s s - P i neQ . morri soni i R.T. Ba k .

A s h ru b o r sma l l tre e 6-9 m . ta l l , wi t h S hor t bra n c h e s . B ra n c h l e ts t i ny ,

w i t h Cu p re s s u s - l i ke fo l i a ge , f i ne l y d i v i de d , cy l i n dr i c a l . Lea ve s l i g h t g ree no r g l a u co u s , 4 mm . l on g , o btu s e , p a rt i a l l y free a t t he a pex , pa r t i a l l yde c u rre n t , no t kee l e d be l ow , f l a t te ned . Ma l e cone te rmi n a l , u s u a l l y s o l i ta ry ,

w i th few whor l s o f s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne s u bg l o bo s e , da r k brown , per s i s ten t ,

wr i n k l y , to 2 cm . i n diameter ,wi th 6 ve ry t h i c k s c a l e s ; s c a l e s wi t h one o rmo re smoo th g roo ve s , w i t h t h i n umbo s o n u p pe r h a l f o f the s c a l e to mm.

46 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

l o n g ; c o ne s omewh a t f l a t te n e d o n to p . See d s ne a r l y b l a c k , w i t h 2 w i n g s u s u a l l yZ lnn. w i de .

A u s tra l i a : S . E . We s te rn A u s t ra l i a , type ne a r Ke l l e rbe rr i n to 5. So u t h A u s tra l i a .

C . COL UME L LAR I S F . Mue l l . R i c hmon d Cyp re s s - P i n e_C. are n o s a A . C u n n . e x R. T . Ba k . et H. G. Sm .

A t ree 12- 18 m . ta l l , w i t h S p re a d i n g , a s ce n d i n g o r fa s t i g i a te bra n c he s . Ba r kg ray - b rown , fu r rowe d . B ra n c he s d i v i de d i n to sma l l b ra n c h l e t s . Le a ve s ve ry da rkg ree n to g l a u co u s , 1- 3 mm . l o n g , a c u te , free a n d i n c u r ved a t t he a pe x . Ma l e c o necy l i n dr i c a l , i n g ro u p s o f 2 - 4 , to 5 mm . l o n g . Fema l e con e ovo i d to de p re s s e dg l o b u l a r , smoo th , no t to o wr i n k l y , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s ,

- 2 cm . i n d i ame te r ,

w i th 6 s c a l e s ; s c a l e s t h i n , a n g l e d , wi th a s ho r t , t h i n , s p i ny umbo o n theu p pe r h a l f of the s c a l e . See d s c he s tn u t - b rown , w i t h 2 w i ng s , of te n 4 nm. w i de .

Au s tra l i a : S . E . Que e n s l a n d , c o a s ta l p l a i n s ; N. E . New So u t h Wa l e s , type n ea rR i c hmo n d R i ve r , to 255 m. .

C COL UMEL LAR I S v a r . CAM P E STR I S S i l ba W h i te Cyp re s s - P i n e

C, g l a u c a R . B r . e x R. T . Ba k . et H. G. Sm i th , C . g l a u c op h y l l a Jo h n s . et

C . hugel i Ho rt . .

A s h ru b o r tree 18- 30 m . t a l l , 1- 2 m . i n g i rt h , w i t h a s ce n d i n g , ho r i z o n ta l l ys p rea d i n g , occas ionallv pe n d u l ou s or fa s t i g i a te bra n c h e s . Ba rk b rown , h a rd ,

fu rrowe d . B ra n c h e s d i v i de d i n to f i n e b ra n c h l e t s . B ra n c h l e ts s h o r t , cy l i n dr i c a l ,

non - g ro ove d . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s i n who r l s o f 3 , l i ne a r , 7-8 mm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve sg l a u co u s , 1- 3 mm . l o n g , i n wh o r l s of 3 , b l u n t l y a c u te , n o n - k ee l e d be l ow , freea t the apex .Ma1e co ne cy l i n d r i c a l - o b l o n g , 5- 10 mm . l o n g by 2- 5 mm . w i de , s ca l e so b l o n g o r o vo i d . Fema l e co n e o vo i d to de p re s s e d - g l o b u l a r , o n a pe d u n c l e 7-8 mm .

l on g , q u i c k l y de c i d uou s , da rk brown , l . 2 - 2 cm . w i de , wi t h 6 s c a l e s ; s c a l e sth i c ke r w i th fewe r tee th a t t he ma rg i n s , umbo s sma l l e r . See d s c he s tn u tbrow n , w i t h 2- 3 w i n g s , 4 - 5 mm. l o n g .

Au s tra l i a : a l l s ta te s , corrmon i n New So u th Wa l e s , i n dry tempe ra te a re a s .

C . CO LUME L LA R I S v a r . INTRATROPI CA ( Ba k . et Sm . ) S i l ba A rn h em Cy pre s s - P i n e

A tree 12- 24 m . ta l l , w i t h S p re a d i n g o r ra t he r e re c t bra n c he s . Tr un km . i n g i r t h . B a r k ro u g h a nd th i c k . B ra n c h l e t s re l a t i ve l y f i n e . J u ve n i l e

l ea ve s l i ne a r , i n wh or l s of 3 , 7- 15 mm . l on g . Ad u l t l e a ve s i n who r l s of 3 ,

2 mm . l o ng , g l a u co u s , b l u n t l y a c u te , n on - kee l e d be l ow . Ma l e c o n e cy l i n d r i c a l ,

i n g ro u p s o f 2- 3 , s c a l e s o b l o n g o r o vo i d i n who r l s o f 3 . Fema l e co ne u s u a l l yde p re s s ed- g l o b u l a r , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , cm . w i de , wi t h 6 s c a l e s ,

g ray - brown , wr i n k l y ; s c a l e s t h i n , tee th ed o n t h e ma rg i n s ; umbo s a b s en t o r tomm . l o n g o n u p pe r h a l f o f t he s c a l e s , no t a t a pe x o f the s c a l e . Seed s

c he s tn u t- brown , w i t h 2 w i ng s o fte n 4 -5 m . w i de .

Au s tra l i a : N. E. We s te rn Au s tra l i a ; N . No rt he r n Te rr i tory , Arn hem '

s L a n d( type ) ; N.W. Quee n s l a n d , tro p i c a l a re a s .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 47

C.DRUMMON D I I ( P a r l . ) F . Mue l l Drummo n d Cyp re s s - P i n e

A s h r u b o r sma l l tre e to 12 m . ta l l , w i t h r i g i d bra n c he s a n d w i t h a ro u n de dc rown . Ba r k h a rd , fu rrowe d . Bra n c h l e t s a n g u l a r , l o n g , p rom i ne n t l y ro b u s t . Le a ve s3- 4 mm . l o n g , br i g h t g ree n , b l u n t l y a c u te , i mbr i c a te , a c u te l y ke e l e d be l ow , a pexs omewh a t free . Ma l e c o ne te rm i n a l , fre q ue n t l y s o l i ta ry . Fema l e con e g l o bo s e ,

wr i n k l y , pe rs i s te n t , o n a t h i c k pe d u n c l e , a n g l e d towa rd s th e ba s e , l . 27- l .5 cm .

w i de , g l a u co u s a t f i r s t tu rn i n g brown , w i t h 6 s c a l e s ; s c a l e s ve ry t h i c k w i t hsma l l , th i n umbo s on t he u p pe r h a l f o f t he s c a l e s . Seed s u s ua l l y 6 per co ne ,

c h e s tn u t - b rown to b l a c k i s h - brown , w i t h 2 u ne q u a l w i n g s , t he l a rge r o ne to 3 mm .

w i de .

A u s tra l i a : S . We s te rn A u s tra l i a , be tween A l ba ny a n d E s pe ra n ce .

C E N DL I CH E R I ( P a r l . ) J . Ga rd en E n d l i c he r Cyp re s s - P i n eC . calcarata (Au Cunn, ex M i rb . ) F . Mue l l .

A pyr am i da l tree 9- 25 m . ta l l , to 90 cm . i n g i rt h , w i t h s p re a d i n g bra n c h e s .

Ba r k da rk brown to b l a c k , dee p l y fu rrowe d . Bra n c he s d i v i de d i n to s ho r t , sma l lbra n c h l e t s . Le a ve s o c ca s i on a l l y g l a u co u s , 2 - 4 mm . l on g , w i t h few s toma ta ,

a c u te to o b t u s e , p rom i ne n t l y a n d b l u n t l y kee l e d be l ow , p a rt i a l l y free a t t hea pe x . Ma l e con e o vo i d to g l o b u l a r , wr i n k l y , o n a pe d un c l e 6- 12 mm . l on g , b l a c ki s h , c o n e l . 3- 2 cm . w i de w i t h 6 t h i n s c a l e s ; s c a l e s C up re s s u s - l i ke w i t h a t h i numbo o n t he u p pe r h a l f o f t he s c a l e s to mm . l o ng . See d s n ume ro u s , da r k brownto b l a c k , w i t h 2 l a rge w i n g s to ne a r l y 3 mm . w i de .

Au s tra l i a : S . E . Que e n s l a n d ; E . New So u t h Wa l e s ; N. E . V i c to r i a , type fromFu t te r ' s Ra n ge , 600-900 m. .

C MACLEAYANA F . Mue l l . Ma c l e ay Cypre s s - P i neC . parlatorei F . M ue l l . e x Seem .

A py ram i d a l tree 10- 45 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rth w i t h s p re a d i n gbra n c he s . Ba r k g ray o r g ray- b rown to re dd i s h - b rown , s tr i n gy , ve r t i c a l l yfu rrowed , s c a l y , i n ner - ba r k purpli sh. Branch1ets s l i g h t l y tr i a n g u l a r . J uven i l el e a ve s u s u a l l y p re s e n t , e ve n o n fe r t i l e bra n c h l e t s . Ad u l t l e a ve s 3-6 mm . l o n g ,

i n who r l s of 3- 4 , a c u te l y kee l e d be l ow , b r i g h t green.Ma1e c one te rm i n a l ,

o b l o n g , 4 -8 mm . l o n g . Fema l e c o ne s l a rge , o vo i d to con i ca l , o fte n d i s tor te d ,

o fte n g l a u co u s , on t h i c k bra n c h l e t s , on a re c u rve d pe dun c l e mm . l on g ,

pe r s i s te n t ,- 3 cm . i n d i ame te r , wi t h 6-8 l a rg e tr i a n g u l a r s c a l e s ; s c a l e s

c h e s tn u t- brown , g roo ve d i n t he ce n te r , t h i c k , ta pe r i n g to a s h a rp po i n t , w i t ht h i n umbo s on t he u p pe r h a l f o f t h e s c a l e s . See d s c he s tn u t - brown , o ne wi n gra t he r l a rge r , a n o th e r s h o rte r .

Au s tra l i a : S . E . Quee n s l a n d , Kura n d a to Po rt Ma cq u a r i e ( type ) , N. E. NewSo u th Wa l e s , 107-823 m. , ra i n fo re s t .

C . MONT I COLA J . Ga rde n Wa l l a n g a rra Cyp re s s - P i n e

A n ere c t , b u s hy s h ru b to m . ta l l . Le a ve s g l a u co u s , 2-4 mm . l o n g ,

prom i ne n t l y a n d b l u n t l y kee l e d be l ow . Fema l e co ne bro a d l y o vo i d tog l o b u l a r , pe rs i s te n t , cm . w i de , w i t h 6 t h i c k to t h i n s c a l e s ;s ca l e s c l o s e l y wr i n k l ed w i t h a th i n pro t u be ra n t umbo ne a r t he a pex o fe a c h s ca l e . Seed s n ume ro u s , da r k brown , w i t h 2 w i n g s 2- 3 mm . w i de .

Au s tra l i a : S . E . Quee n s l a n d , Wallangara; N. E . New Sou th Wa l e s , S . G l e n I n ne s .

48 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I

C . MU E L L E R I ( Par l . ) F . Mue l l . Mue l l e r Cyp re s s - P i n e

A co l umna r o r fa s t i g i a te t ree to 15 m . ta l l , the b ra n c he s a n g l e d o u twa rd sfrom the tru n k . Ba rk ha rd , c ompa c t , b l a c k i s h . B ra n c h l e t s de n s e , l o n g , a n g l e d .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s p re s e n t s ome t i me s o n fe rt i l e b ra n c h l e t s . Ad u l t l e a ve s 4 - 10 nun

l o n g , o l i ve g ree n , p rom i ne n t l y a n d o b t u s e l y kee l e d be l ow , p a r t i a l l y free a t t h ea pe x . Ma l e c on e i n g ro u p s o f 2- 3 , o vo i d to obo v o i d , 3- 5 mm . l o n g , w i t h 6 who r l so f o rb i c u l a r s ca l e s . Fema l e co ne g l o bo s e , wr i n k l y , pe rs i s te n t , bo rn e o n 2 ye a r o l db ra n c h l e t s , 2 - 3 cm . w i de , ro u n de d a n d f l a t te n ed a t th e a pe x , w i t h 6 o b l o n g a n do b t u s e s ca l e s ; s c a l e s u s u a l l y th i c k w i t h a sma l l b l u n t umbo o n th e u ppe r h a l f o ft h e s c a l e to mm . l o n g . See d s n ume ro u s , da r k b rown , w i t h 2 w i n g s 2 - 4 nnn w i de .

A u s tra l i a : S . E . New So u th Wa l e s , type n e a r S o u t h He a d .

C . NEOCALEDONI CA D umme r H umbo l d t Cyp re s s - P i n e— C. s u l c a ta v a r . a l p i n a R.H. Comp ton

A tree 3- 7 m . ta l l , w i t h de n s e b ra n c h e s a n d a c a n de l a b ra - l i k e c rown . Ba r kb rown , e xfo l i a t i ng i n t h i n s t r i p s . B ra n c h l e t s re l a t i ve l y th i c k , 2 - 3 NHL i nd i ame te r , a n g u l a r . Wood a roma t i c . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s ve r t i c i l l a te , 5-9 mm. l o n gby m . w i de , b l u n t l y a c u te , a pe x i n c u rve d . Ad u l t l e a ve s 2 - 4 rim. l o n g , a c u te ,

ke e l e d ; ma rg i n s o pa q ue , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . Ma l e co ne g l o b u l a r , 2 - 3 mm . l o n g by2 mm . w i de . Fema l e c o n e ov o i d , cm . l o n g , w i t h 6 t h i n s ca l e s ; s c a l e sn a rrow l y o b l o n g , S l i g h t l y o ve r l a p p i ng , g roo ve d w i t h a sma l l umbo ne a r t he a pe xo f t he s ca l e . Seed s w i t h S h o r t w i n g s , n u t 6- 7 mm . l o n g , w i n g s 1 mm . w i de .

S . New Ca l e do n i a : Mt . H umbo l d t to Mo u n t des S ou rce s , 950- 1550 m .

C . OBL ONGA A . et L .C. R i c h . Ta sma n i a n Cyp re s s - P i n e

A S h ru b or tre e to 8 m . ta l l , wi t h n ume ro u s , e re c t , de n s e b ra n c he s . Ba r kcompa c t , th i c k . B ra n c he s d i v i de d i n to a de n s e ma s s o f f i ne a n g l e d b ra nc h l e ts .

J u ve n i l e l eave s s ome t i me s p re s e n t o n fe rt i l e b ra n c h l e ts . Ad u l t l e a ve s 4 -5 nunl o n g , n a rrow , prom i ne n t l y b u t n o t a c u te l y kee l e d be l ow , g l a uco u s - g ree n ,

pa r t i a l l y free a t t he a pe x . Ma l e c o ne o vo i d to obo vo i d , 2 mm . l o n g w i t hfew who r l s o f s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne o n s ho r t b ra n c h l e t s , o vo i d , p ru ne - l i k e ,

wr i n k l y , S h i ny b l a c k , pe rs i s te n t , l . 5- 2 cm . i n d i ame te r w i t h 6-8 sma l l a l te rn a te s c a l e s ; s ca l e s ve ry th i c k , w i t h a sma l l t h i n um bo ne a r t he a pe x of t hes c a l e . See d s n ume ro u s , da r k brown , w i t h 2 w i n g s 2 mm . w i de .

Au s tra l i a : N. E. Ta sma n i a ; So u t h Esk.

C PREI SSI I Ni q . ex Le hm . Pre i s s Cyp re s s - P i neC . ro b u s ta (A . C u nn . ex P a r l . ) F .M. Ba i 1 . .

A s h r u b or tree to 30 m . ta l l , w i t h l on g , e re c t o r s p rea d i ng , S l e n de rbra n c h e s . Ba r k da r k brown , ru g ge d , fu rrowe d . Bra n c he s d i v i de d i n to n ume ro u sf i ne l y d i v i de d bra n c h l e t s . Le a ve s br i g h t g ree n , o btu s e , 2 -4 mm. l on g ,

no t kee l e d be l ow , c l o se l y i mbr i c a te . Ma l e co ne tenninal , i n g ro u p s o f 3 ormore , cy l i n dr i c a l , -6 1nn. l o n g . Fema l e c on e g l o bo s e o r b roa d l y ovo i d ,

wr i n k l y , s l i g h t l y g l a u co u s a t the ba s e whe n yo u ng , pe rs i s te n t , i n g rou p s u pto 12 , - 3 cm . i n d i ame te r , wi t h 6 t h i n s c a l e s ; s c a l e s po i n te d a t thea pe x , w i t h freq ue n t l y s c a t tere d o r a b s e n t tu be rc u l e s t h a t a re o ften l a rgeumbo s u s u a l l y a b se n t . Se e d s w i t h 2 brown w i ng s .

AUSTRA L IA : S .W. We s te rn A u s tra l i a to E . New So u th Wa l e s , 150- 400 m. .

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50 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

C S U L CATA ( Pa r l . ) S c h l e c h t . e x E n g l . Camboui Cyp re s s - P i n eC . balansae ( Brongn. et Gr i s . ) Schl . e x E n g l .

A tree 5- 12 m . ta l l , de n s e l y b ra n c h ed . Ba r k smoo th , h a rd . Woo d h a s a n od o rof c ampho r . Bra n c h l e t s to 5 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s l i n e a r - l a n ce o l a te

.

s ha rp l y a c u te , cm . l o n g by mm . w i de ; j u ve n i l e b ra n c he s i n who r l s o f3- 4 . Ad u l t l ea ve s 4 - 6 mm . l o n g , p rom i n e n t l y a n d o b tu s e l y k ee l e d , ma rg i n stra n s p a re n t . Ma l e co n e o vo i d , 3- 5 mm . l o n g by l . 5- 2 um. w i de . Fema l e co n ewr i n k l y , Sma l l , s u bg l o bo se , re c a l l i n g Te t ra c l i n i s , w i t h 6 o vo i d s c a l e s ; s c a l e s

s ca l e s ; co ne 10 mm . l o n g by 10 mm . w i de . Se ed s 6 pe r co ne , 4 - 5 mm . l o n g , w i n g6-7 mm . l o n g .

S . New Ca l e do n i a : Camboui to Tontouta to Dumbea , 15- 300 m. .

CA LO C E DR US Ku rz . ( C u p re s s a c e a e )

A ge n u s o f t h re e s pec i e s from W . No rt h Ame r i c a a n d E . A s i a . Mo noe c i o u s t ree sw i t h d i s t i n c t l y f l a t te ne d b ra n c h l e t s a n d T h u j a - l i k e fo l i a g e , d i s t i c ho u s l ya rra n ge d . U l t i ma te bra n c h l e ts ofte n po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke ,

de c u s s a te , s tro n g l y f l a t te ne d , s omewh a t e q u a l i n l e n g t h , wi t h o r w i t ho u ts toma ta be l ow , c l o s e l y a p p re s s e d ex ce p t ne a r the a c u te a pex , ofte n s p i ne - t i p pe d ;l a te ra l pa i r s o ve r l a p t he fa c i a l pa i r s wh i c h a re l o n ge r a n d de c u rre n t . Ma l ea n d fema l e s tro b i l i te rm i n a l , s o l i ta ry , o ften o n d i ffe re n t bra n c h l e ts o f t hes ame tree . Ma l e co n e s o b l on g o r o vo i d , w i t h 6- 16 de c u s s a te , sub- pe l ta te , b roa d l yova te m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s ; bo rne on s ho rt b r an c h l e t s . Fema l e co n e pe n de n t , o n a s ca l ys h o r t pe d u n c l e , s u b te n de d a t t he b a s e by a few re f l exed s c a l y a p pen da g e s , o b l o n ge l l i p t i c , woo dy , ma tu r i n g i n o ne ye a r , w i t h 6 e re c t i m br i c a te s c a l e s , o n l y t hem i dd l e p a i r a re fe rt i l e ; l owe r s c a l e s o va te , re c urve d ; m i dd l e p a i r o b l o n g ;u p pe r p a i r l i ne a r , fu s e d to ge t he r i n to a woo dy p l a te ; s c a l e s w i t h sma l l ,

re c u rve d umbo s ; o pen i n g w i de l y a t ma tur i ty . Seed s f l a t tene d , 2 pe r fe rt i l es ca l e , w i th 2 u ne q u a l w i ng s p ro j e c t i n g b a c kwa rd s nea r l y b l e nd i ng i n to e a c ho the r to a l mo s t a p pe a r as one . Co ty l e don s 2 .

C DE C URR E N S ( To rr . ) F l o r i n C a l i forn i a CalocedarL i bo c ed r u s de c u rre n s To rr .

A n a rrow l y co l um na r tre e 18- 46 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h a ni rre g u l a r l y a n g l e d tru n k a n d a n o pe n , i rre g u l a r , ro u n de d c rown a t ma t u r i ty .

Ba rk l i g h t o r re dd i s h - b rown , dee p l y fu rrowed i n to s h re ddy r i d g e s . Bra n c he sS ho r t , e re c t o r S p re a d i n g , f l a t te ne d , s ame co l o r o n bo t h s i de s , i n fa n - l i keS pray s , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s g l a u co u s o n bo t h s u rfa ce s , to 12mm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve s 4 - ra n ke d , op po s i te , s c a l e - l i ke , 2- 3 mm. l on g by mm .

w i de , re s i n- s ce n ted , s h i ny da rk g ree n o n bo t h s i de s , o b l ong - o va te , a d n a te ;do r s a l - ve n tra l pa i r s l i g h t l y kee l ed , ove r l a p p i ng , l o n g po i n ted , wi th a l o n gde c urre n t b a se ; l a te ra l p a i r free a t t he a pex , a c um i n a te , g l a n d u l a r o n t heba c k , a c um i n a te , a pe x s p i ny a n d ye l l ow i s h , w i t ho u t p rom i ne n t s toma ta be l ow .

Ma l e co ne g l o b u l a r , ye l l ow i s h , o n a s ho r t bra n c h l e t , w i t h 12-16 s c a l e s .

Fema l e co ne pe n de n t , o b l o n g , ma tur i ng i n o n e ye a r , w i t h 3 p a i rs o f s c a l e s ,

cm . l o n g , w i t h re f l exe d umbo s on t he s c a l e s . See d s 2 pe r s c a l e , to2 cm . l o ng , ta n , o b l o n g - l a n ceo l a te , w i t h n a rrow w i n g s . Co ty l edo n s 2 ,

cm . l o ng by mm. w i de .

W . Ore g o n to N . Ba j a Ca l i fo rn i a , Me x i co , 366- 2134 m. .

S i l b a , E n cy c l opae d i a C on i fe ra e 51

C . FO RMOSANA ( F l o r i n ) F l o r i n Fo rmo s a n CalocedarL i bo ced r u s fo rmo s a n a F l o r i n

A tree to 30 m . ta l l , w i th a s l i g h t l y c u rve d tru n k . Ba rk s o ft , re d - b rown .

B ra n c he s comp re s s e d , s l e n de r . Fo l i a ge homomo rp h i c o n t he b ra n c h e s , d i mo rp h i co n t he b ra n c h l e ts . Fa c i a l l ea ve s o b t u s e , s e rr u l a te , ma rg i n s s ca r i o s e , pa r t i a l l yde c u rre n t i n a n a n g l e . L a te ra l l ea ve s a c u te l y kee l ed , s l i g h t l y i n c ur ved a t t hea pe x , da rk g ree n a bo ve w i t h na rrow s toma ta a bo ve , pa l e g ree n be l ow w i t hco n t i n uo u s s toma ta , mm . l o n g . Ma l e co ne o n S ho r t b ra n c h l e t s , s u b cy l i nd r i c

,

w i t h 12- 16 o b l o n g s c a l e s , to 5 mm . l o n g . Fe rt i l e b ra n c h l e t s re l a t i ve l y S ho r t .

Fema l e c o ne o vo i d a nd e l o n g a te d , S l i g h t l y i n c u rve d o n a s ho r t q u a d ra ng u l a rbra n c h l e t 1- 2 mm . l o n g , co ne l- l . 5 cm . l o n g w i t h 4 -6 s ca l e s , co l ume l l a w i t h ab i f i d a pe x . See d s 1- 2 pe r s c a l e , s ee d w i th a l o n g w i n g , 8- 12 mm . l o ng .

N . Ta i wa n , a t 300- 1900 m. .

C . MA C RO L E P I S Ku r z . C h i ne s e Calocedar= L i bo ced r u s ma c ro l e p i s ( Ku r z . ) Be n t h . et Hoo k . f .

A b ro a d l y co n i c a l tree 30- 35 m . ta l l . Ba rk wh i t i s h , s c a l y . Bra n c h l e t sre l a t i ve l y l a rge , a l te r na te l y d i s t i c ho u s , te t ra go n a l o r s u bcy l i nd r i c , no ncomp re s s ed , wh i t i s h be l ow . Ad u l t l e a ve s o n ma i n b ra n c h l e t s f i n e , i n who r l s o f4 , a c u te , eq u a l i n l e n g t h , mm . l o n g , ma rg i n s s c a r i o s e , w i t h a l o n g po i n te da pe x ; l e a ve s o n l a te ra l b ra n c h l e t s 6- 8 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , s c a l e - l i ke ,

s tro n g l y k ee l e d , w i t h a v i s i b l e g l a n d , e n l a rg ed a t t he de n t i c u l a te a pex , w i t h2 wh i te ba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow ; fa c i a l l ea ve s o bo va te , a p i c u l a te , co n s p i c uo u s l yf l a tte ne d . Ma l e co ne o n s tra i g h t o r c u rve d b ra n c h l e t s , subtetragonal , w i t h14 - 20 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne o n a q ua d ra n g u l a r s hoo t 1 -3 cm . l o ng , co ne o bo v a teo b l o n g to e l l i p t i c , cm . l o ng , p u rp l i s h o r da r k b rown , w i t h 6 s ca l e s ;s ca l e s o va te , mu c ro n a te , w i t h sma l l umbo s ; co l ume l l a a c u te . See d s 2 pe r fe r t i l es ca l e , n u t o va te - l a n ceo l a te , w i th b ro a d w i ng s .

N. E. B u rma ; C h i n a : 5. Y u n na n a n d Ha i na n , 1000- 2000 m. .

C E DRU S L i n k ( P i n a ce ae )

A ge n u s of two s pe c i e s from th e Me d i te r ra nea n reg i o n a n d t he H i ma l aya s .

D i oe c i o u s o r mo noe c i o u s . Bra n c h e s S p re a d i n g h o r i zo n ta l l y . Bra n c h l e ts w i t hgray i s h p u be s ce nc e whe n yo u n g . B ud s m i n u te , ovo i d , w i th pe r s i s te n t b rowns ca l e s . Lea v e s nee d l e - l i ke , a ng u l a r , s t i ff i s h , s i ng l e a n d a l te rn a te o nyo u ng ma i n bra n c h l e ts , c l u s te re d i n who r l s o n S p ur s o n o l de r S i de bra n c hl e t s , s p i n e - t i pped , w i th s toma ta o n e a c h s u rfa ce , w i t h 2 ma rg i n a l re s i nca na l s o n th e i n ne r s u rfa ce , pe rs i s t 3-6 yea rs . Ma l e s tro b i l i term i n a l o nthe s p u r s , bo r ne e re c t , cy l i nd r i c a l , c a t k i n- l i ke , wi t h n ume ro u s c rowde da n th e r s , to 5 cm . l o n g o r mo re ; po l l e n g ra i n s go l de n , w i n g l e s s . Fema l eco ne s e re c t , o vo i d to o vo i d - o b l o n g , woo dy , re s i no u s , ma t u r i ng i n 2-3yea r s , wi th th i n f l a tte ne d i mb r i c a te s c a l e s w i t ho u t umbo s , s c a l e s fa l l i n ga pa r t from th e ce n tra l a x i s s oo n a fte r ma tu r i ty ; bra c ts m i n u te , o va te .

Seed s 2 pe r s ca l e , w i t h o ne t h i n b roa d w i n g p ro j e c t i ng ba c kwa rd s .

Co ty l e do n s 8- 10 .

52 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

C . DE O DARA ( Ro x b . e x L amb . ) G . Do n Deo da r Ce da r

A co n i ca l tre e 50- 75 m . ta l l , to 3 m . i n g i r th , w i th d roo p i n g b ra n c he s . Ba rkda r k g ray , smoo th th e n s h a l l ow l y f i s s u red a n d b l a c k i s h to p i n k i s h - g ray .

Bra n c h l e t s l o n g , t h i n , p i n k i s h - b rown to ye l l ow i s h - g ray , p u be s c e n t , pe nde n t,

g roo ve d . B ud s ro u n ded , c he s t n u t - brown to ye l l ow i s h - g ray , 1 mm . l o n g , s c a l e sfree a t th e a pex . Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d o n te rm i na l bra n c h l e t s , 4 -5 cm .

l o ng by mm . w i de , g ray - g ree n o r da r k b l u i s h - g ree n , l o n g po i n te d ; l e a ve so n S h o rt s i de b ra n c h l e ts 2 - 3 cm . l o n g by mm. w i de , a c u te , w i th 2- 4inconspicous l i ne s o f s toma ta t h a t a re b roa de r be l ow , ne a r l y q ua d ra n g u l a r i n t hec ro s s - s e c t i o n , 10- 20 pe r s p u r . Ma l e s tro b i l i e re c t , a t a pex o f S i de b ra n c h l e t s

,

b l ue - g ree n t h e n p i n k i s h - v i o l e t , cm . l o n g by cm . w i de a t f i r s t .

Fema l e co n e ro u nded a t t he a pe x , o vo i d , i n g ro u p s o f 1- 2 , 7- 12 cm . l o n g by5- 7 cm . w i de , p u rp l i s h o r b l ue - g ree n t u rn i n g re dd i s h - brown , ma t u r i n g i n 1- 2ye a rs ; s ca l e s a n g l e d a t t he ba s e , smoo t h o r s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . See d o vo i d ,

l . 6 cm . l o n g by 6- 7 mm . w i de , n u t wh i t i s h , w i t h a l o n g w i n g .

A fg h a n i s ta n ; N . We s t Pa k i s ta n ; N . I n d i a : Ga r hwa l ; Ne pa l , 1676- 3048 m. .

C L I BAN I A . R i c h . Ce da r o f Le ba n o nC . l i ba n i v a r . s tenocoma ( Schw. ) Da v i s

A na rrow py ram i da l tre e 24- 40 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rth o r mo re , w i t h apo i n te d c rown , be com i ng i rre g u l a r a nd b ro a d o r f l a t - to ppe d w i t h a g e . Lo n ge v i tyto 1500 yea rs . C rown w i t h s prea d i n g h o r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba rk d a rk g ray ,

fu rrowe d i n to s c a l y p l a te s . B ra n c h l e t s l o n g , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t , g ray i s h ,

S p re ad i n g . Bu d s o vo i d , g ray - brown 2 - 3 mm . l o n g ; s c a l e s free , pa pe ry , da rkbrown a t th e a pe x . Le a ve s o n te rm i n a l b ra n c h l e t s f i ne , po i n ted fo rwa rd s ,

c u rve d o u twa rd s ; l e a ve s o n s i de s hoo ts i n who r l s o f 10- 15 o r mo re , a c u te ,

da r k g ree n , cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , 3- a n g l e d o r q u a d ra n g u l a r i n th ec ro s s - se c t i o n , w i de ne d i n t he c ro s s - s e c t i o n , w i t h few bro ke n l i ne s o fs toma ta , a pe x tra n s l uce n t a n d g ree n . Ma l e s tro b i l i p a l e g ray - g ree n , cm .

l o n g , l a te r to 5 cm . o r l o n ge r , de c i d u o u s . Fema l e c o ne ba r re l - S h a ped ,

re s i no u s , f l a t te ne d a t t he a pe x , ma tu r i n g i n 2 ye a r s , 7- 12 cm . l o n g by 4 - 7

cm . w i de , pu rp l i s h - v i o l e t the n g ray - g ree n to re dd i s h - b rown ; s c a l e s f i n e l yp u be s ce n t , n a rrowe d a t the ba s e . Seed s t r i a n g u l a r , cm . l o n g bymm . w i de o r w i de r , w i t h l o n g w i n g s .

Tu r key : An a to l i a ; Syr i a ; Le ba no n , 1311- 3048 m. .

C L I BAN I va r . ATLANT I CA ( E n d l . ) Hoo k . At l a s Ce da rC . a t l a n t i c a ( E n d l . ) C a rr .

A n a rrow l y pyram i d a l tree 36- 40 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , be com i n g broa da n d f l a t- to p pe d w i t h a ge , w i t h a s t ra i g h t tru n k . Bar k g ray , smoo th , be com i ngi rreg u l a r l y fu rrowe d i n to n a rrow p l a te s . B ra n c h l e ts g roo ve d , s ho r t l y p u be sc e n t , g ray - g ree n , w i t h b l a c k i s h pubes cence . Branchlets s to u t , u pr i g h t . Bu d so vo i d - co n i c a l to g l o b u l a r , ye l l ow i s h - g ray - brown to re dd i s h - brown , 2- 3 nun l o n g ,

w i t h sma l l s c a l e s , b l a c ke ne d a t t he a pe x . Le a ve s o n termi n a l bra n c h l e t s S l i g h t l ya c u te , da r k g ree n , 1- 3 cm . l o n g by 1 mm. w i de , t h i c k , 3- a n g l ed o r ne a r l yq u a d ra n g u l a r i n t he c ro s s - s e c t i o n , a pex s p i ny a n d ye l l ow i s h -wh i te to translu

ce n t . Le a ve s on s p u rs l i ne a r , s l i g h t l y a c u te , da r k g ree n ,- 2 cm . l o ng ,

s toma ta i n i rreg u l a r ba n d s o n a l l s u rfa ce s . Ma l e s tro b i l i g ree n i s h -ye l l owthe n v i o l e t- brown , to 2 cm . l o ng , de c i d uo u s . Fema l e cone ov o i d - e l l i p t i c ,

cy l i nd r i ca l , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n the n l i g h t brown o r p u rp l i s h , f l a tte ne d o n to p ,

S i l b a , E n cyc l o p ae d i a Co n i fe rae 53

5- 12 cm . l o n g by 4 - 6 cm . w i de , s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r a n d ro u n de d , bra c ts m i n u te .

Se e d s w i t h a l o n g w i n g .

Mo ro c co ; A l g e r i a : A t l a s Mo u n ta i n s , 1372— 2195 m. .

C . L I BAN I va r . BR E V I FO L I A Hoo k . f . Cy p r i a n Ceda r

A n a rrow l y c o n i c a l t ree 12 - 30 m . ta l l , wi t h h o r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s , be com i n gf l a t - to p ped w i t h a ge . Ba rk d a r k g ray , smoo t h , w i t h b l a c k i s h f i s s u re s , fo rm i n gs q u a re p l a te s . Bra n c h l e t s pa l e g ree n i s h - b rown , f i ne l y p u be s ce n t w i t h o ra ng ep u l v i n i . B ud s po i n te d , g ree n i s h , n o n - re s i n o u s . Le a ve s w i t h a po i n te d a pe x ,

da r k g ree n , cm . l o n g , w i th 2 - 3 f i ne l i ne s o f s toma ta o n e a c h s u rfa ce .

Ma l e s t ro b i l i cy l i nd r i c a l , ye l l ow i s h , 5 cm . l o n g by 1 cm . w i de . Fema l e co neo vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , a pe x w i th a n i p p l e , 4 - 8 cm . l o n g by 4 cm . w i de , s c a l e sS ho r t l y po i n ted a t the ba s e , b ra c t s nea r l y a bs e n t . Se e d s po i n te d , brown , 9 mm .

l o n g by 4 mm . w i de , wi n g cm . l o n g by cm . w i de .

Cy p ru s : P a ho s Ma i n Fo re s t , 914 - 1524 m. .

C E P HA LOTA X US S i e b . et Z u c c . ( Ce p h a l o tax a c eae )

A ge n u s o f t h ree s pe c i e s from E . A s i a . E ve rgree n s h ru b s u s u a l l y d i oe c i o u s o rra re l y mo n oe c i o u s . B ra n c h l e ts o p po s i te , w i t h a re s i n c a n a l i n t he ce n te r oft he p i t h . B ud s v i s i b l e , w i th ma ny s c a l e s , o vo i d , no n - re s i no u s . Le a f p hy l l o taxys i m i l a r to To r re ya . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n g ed o n ma i n b ra n c h l e t s , l i nea r ,

po i n te d , 2- ra n ke d o n S i de b ra n c h l e t s , w i t h a p rom i ne n t m i d r i b a bo ve a n d w i t h 2b ro a d s toma ta l ba n d s be l ow , g roo ve d be l ow w i t h a re s i n d u c t i n th e m i d d l e ,

f l a t te n e d , s o ft , a c u te . Ma l e co n e s h o r t- s ta l ke d , 1-8 s tame n s i n a g l o b u l a rc l u s te r , e n c l o s e d i n a bra c t . Fema l e c o ne S i m i l a r to To rre ya . Fema l e s tro b i l ia sma l l co ne w i t h s e ve ra l o p po s i te c u p - s h a ped bra c t s , ea c h be a r i n g 2 n a kedo v u l e s . Fema l e co ne pe n de n t , g l o bo s e o r o b l o n g , on a l o n g ped u n c l e , d ru pe - l i ke ,

w i th a few s c a l e s a t t he ba se o f the co ne , ma t u r i ng i n 2 ye a rs . Se ed s comp l e te l yc ove re d by a h a rd f l e s hy e n ve l o pe , re dd i s h or g ree n i s h - brown , th i c k - s he l l e d ort h i n - s he l l e d , o ne pe r co ne , w i n g l e s s . Co ty l e do n s mo rp ho l o g i c a l l y ve ry s i m i l a rto mo s t o t he r re p re s e n ta t i ve s o f the Ta x a c e ae , 2 i n n umbe r

C FORTUN E I Hoo k . F . C h i ne s e P l um - Y ewC . fo r t u ne i v a r . a l p i n a L i ,

=C. l a n ceo l a ta K . M . Fe ng .

A tre e 12- 20 m . ta l l,to 40 cm . i n g i r th , o r a mu l t i - s temme d S h r ub , w i th a

ro u nde d crown . Ba rk p u rp l e - re d - b rown , smoo th , exfo l i a t i n g i n th i n p a pe ry f l a ke sB u d s 6-8 mm . l o ng , red - b rown to g ree n , g l o b u l a r , s h i ny , s ca l e s a cu te . Le a ve sl a nceo l a te , a l te rna te , ho r i zo n ta l l y s prea d i n g , nea r l y 2- ra n ke d , l i ne a r , a c u te ,

po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s , 4 - 13 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , da r k gree n a bo ve , pa l e rbe l ow w i th two ba n d s o f s toma te s i n 18- 24 l i ne s , a pex b l un t l y a c u te . D i oe c i o u s .

Fema l e co ne s 1- 2 per g ro u p o n a pe du n c l e , o bo vo i d , cm . l o n g by cm .

w i de , wh i t i s h - g ree n to o l i ve - g ree n tu rn i n g p urp l i s h .

N . Bu rma ; C h i n a : Y u n n a n to S h e n s i to C he k i a n g , 200- 3000 m. .

54 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

C . HA RR I NGTON I A ( Kn i g h t ex Fo rbe s ) K . Ko c h . A s s am o r Ha rr i n g to n P l um - Yew

Q, g r i ff i th i i Hoo k . f C . hainanens i s L i , C . manni i Ho o k . f .

C . w i l s o n i a n a H aya ta .

A s h r u b o r sma l l t ree to 10 m . ta l l , to 40 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a s p rea d i n g c rown.

Ba rk p u rp l i s h , smooth, f1aky , e x fo l i a t i n g , c i n n amo n - brown u n de rnea t h Bra n c he ss ome t i me s pe n de n t . B ud s g l o bo s e , g re e n , 1- 2 mm . l o n g , s ome ba s a l s c a l e s w i t h afree a pe x . Lea ve s a l te r n a te l y S p re a d i n g h o r i z o n ta l l y , nea r l y 2- ra n ke d , fa i r l yw i de l y s pa c e d , l i ne a r , n a r row l y a c u te , 2 - 5 cm . l o n g by 2 - 3 . 51 nm. w i de , t h i n

,

br i g h t g ree n to b l u i s h - g ree n , w i t h 2 ba n d s o f g ray - wh i te o r p a l e ye l l ow - g ree nba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re vo l u te , a pe x a c u te . Ma l e c on e s i ng ro u p s o f 2 - 5, o n a pe d u n c l e 4 - 20 mm . l o n g , g re e n , g l o bo s e , 2 mm . l o n g , w i t h5-8 s tame n s . Fema l e co n e n a rrow l y o vo i d , cm . l o n g , o n a ped u n c l ecm . l o n g , o l i ve - g ree n tu rn i n g s h i ny b rown . See d to cm . l o n g .

N. E . I n d i a : As s am ; N . Bu rma ; N . Th a i l a n d ; Ma l ay s i a : Pe n a n g ; C ambo d i a ;L a o s ; V i e tn am : An n am ; C h i n a : Ha i n a n ; Ta i wa n , 1500- 3000 m. .

C HARR I NGTON I A va r . DR U PAC EA ( S i e b . et Z u c c . ) Ko i d z . J a p a ne s e P l um - Y ew

Q , ko rea n a Na k =C. s i ne n s i s ( Re h d . e x W i l s . ) L i , C . s i ne n s i s va r .

l a t i fo l i a C he n g et Fu.

A mu l t i - s temme d s h ru b o r Sma l l tree 10- 20 m . ta l l . Ba r k brown , pa pe ry ,

f l a ky , i n ne r- b a r k o ra ng e - b rown . B ra n c h l e t s s omewh a t c u rve d , w i t h e re c tl ea ve s fo rm i ng a V- l i k e tro u g h . B u d s ovo i d , 3 mm . l o n g ; s c a l e s a c u te , kee l e d

,

gree n . Le a ve s s omewh a t c u rve d , bro a d l y a c u te , a pe x a c um i n a te a n d s p i ny ,

re l a t i ve l y th i c k , 2 - 5 cm . l o n g by mm . w i d e , da rk g ree n to ye l l ow i s hgree n , w i t h 2 fa i n t b l u i s h - wh i te ba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow w i th 13- 15 l i ne s .

Ma l e co ne o n a s ho r t cu rved s c a l y pe d u n c l e 2- 4 lllll . l o n g , co ne 6- 10 m . l o n g .

Fema l e co n e s u bg l o bo s e o r o bo vo i d , cm . l o n g by l . 4 - 2 cm . w i de , re dd i s hbrown , a pe x ro u nde d , on a pe d u n c l e 6- 12 rrm. l o n g .

C h i n a : T i be t to Ho pe h ; N . Ko re a ; J a p a n , 600- 2200 m. .

C . O L I V E R I Ma s t . O l i ve r P l um - Yew

A S hr u b to 4 m . ta l l . Ba rk s c a l y , ye l l ow i s h . B ra n c h l e t s g ree n t u r n i n g ye l l owi sh- g ree n . B u d s g l o b u l a r , smo o t h , 5 mm. l o n g , s ca l e s i mbr i c a te . Le a ve s t h i c k ,

c l o s e l y se t , nea r l y o p po s i te , s p re a d i n g h o r i z o n ta l l y , s omewh a t fa l c a te ,

ne a r l y p a ra l l e l a n d s tra i g h t , cm . l o n g by 3 mm . wi de , d a r k g ree n ,

pa l e r be l ow w i t h 2 fa i n t b a n d s o f s toma ta , a pex s h a rp - po i n ted a n d a c um i n a te .

Ma l e co ne i n g ro u p s o f 5-7, 5 mm . l o n g , w i t h 7 s tame n s . Fema l e co ne o vo i d ,

o n a pe d u n c l e 1 cm . l o ng , to cm . l on g , a p i c u l a te a t t he a pe x .

C h i n a : Y u n n a n to Hu pe h , 300- 1800 m. .

C HAMA E C Y PAR I S S p a c h . ( Cu p re s s a ce a e )

A ge n u s o f s eve n S pe c i e s from E . A s i a a n d No r t h Ame r i ca . Mo noe c i o u s tree sw i t h mu c h f l a t te ne d branc h l e t sys tems . Bu d s i n con s p i c uo u s . Bra n c h l e t s o fte npe n de n t a nd fro n d- l i ke , o fte n ro u n ded , u s u a l l y n o t q u a dra n g u l a r , u s u a l l ye ve n l y d i s po se d i n o ne p l a ne . Le a ve s sma l l , s c a l e - l i ke , en t i re , o p po s i te a n ddec u s s a te , pa l e r be l ow o r o fte n w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow , ma rg i n s e n t i re ;l a te ra l pa i r sma l l e r , boa t- s h a ped ; fa c i a l p a i r f l a tte ned , a c um i n a te to o b tu s e ,

w i t h o b s c u re g l a n d s . Ma l e co ne o vo i d to s u bg l o bo s e w i t h s u bo rb i c u l a r s c a l e s .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a Co n i fe ra e 55

Fema l e co ne s g l o b u l a r , u s ua l l y r i pe n i n g i n o ne ye a r , u s u a l l y o pe n i n g u po nma t u r i ty , re l a t i ve l y sma l l , w i t h 6- 12 pe l ta te s c a l e s . See d s 2- 5 pe r s c a l e , s omew ha t f l a t te ned , w i t h 2 n a rrow e v e n w i n g s . Co ty l edo n s 2 .

C . FORMOSENSI S Ma t s um . Fo rmo s a n C h ama ecy pa r i s

A broa d l y co n i c a l t ree to 53 m . ta l l , to 6 m . i n g i r th , w i th s p re a d i n gbra n c he s . Ba r k red - b rown to pa l e g ray - brown , s h a l l ow l y f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t sf l a t te ne d , d i s t i c ho u s , pe nde n t a t t h e e x t rem i t i e s , w i t h b rown i s h ba r k . Le a ve si n 4 ra n k s , s c a l e - l i ke , k ee l e d , o v e r l a p p i n g , p a rt i a l l y f ree , d u l l g ree n a n dt i n ged brown i s h a bo ve , pa l e ye l l ow- g ree n be l ow o r w i t h a few l i n e s o f s toma ta

,

s t ro n g l y a roma t i c , mm . l o n g , o b s c u re l y g l a n d u l a r , a pex i nc u rved S h o rt l ymu c ro na te . Ma l e c o n e o vo i d to s u b g l o bo s e , w i t h s u bo rb i c u l a r s c a l e s . Fema l e co nes ho r t- e l l i p s o i d , brown i s h , 8- 12 mm . l o n g by 6- 9 mm . w i de , w i t h 10- 13 s c a l e s ,

ma t u r i n g i n o ne ye a r , s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l t r i a n g u l a r umbo . S eed s 2 pe r s ca l e,

w i t h 2 na rrow w i n g s a n d w i t h c o n s p i c uo u s re s i n po c k e t s , o v a l , b rown .

Ta i wa n : Mo u n t Mo rr i s o n , 1000- 3048 m. .

C . F U N E B R I S ( E n d l . ) Fra n c o C h i ne s e Wee p i n g C hamae cypa r i supres sus fu ne b r i s E n d l .

A bro a d l y co n i c a l tree 25- 35 m . ta l l , w i t h w i de s p rea d i n g b ra n c he s , bec om i n gs omewha t w i de r o r ro u n d - to p pe d w i t h a g e . Ba rk g ray - b rown , smoo t h , f i ne l yf i s s u re d i n l o n g th i n s tr i p s . B ra n c h l e t s pe n de n t , f l a t te ne d , f i n e , b i p i n n a te ,

g ray - g ree n . Lea ve s 1- 2 mm . l o n g , de l to i d - o va te , a c u te , pa l e g ree n , k ee l e d ,

g l a n d s o b s c u re a nd some t i me s tra n s l u c e n t , s l i g h t l y s p rea d i n g a nd free a t t h ea pex , s omewha t de n t i c u l a te a t t h e ma rg i n s w i t h a b l a c k i s h S po t nea r the a pe x .

Ma l e co ne o vo i d - o b l o ng , 3- 5 mm . l o n g , w i t h 12- 16 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r ,

ma t u r i n g i n 2 ye a r s , o pe n i n g u po n ma tu r i ty , 8- 15 mm . l o n g , b l ue - g ree n tu r n i n gda r k brown a nd s omewha t g l a u co u s , w i t h 6-8 s c a l e s w i t h a s ho r t b l u n t umbo .

See d s 3- 5 pe r s c a l e , da r k b rown , i rreg u l a r , smoo t h , 3 ' F L l o n g , w i t h 2n a rrow w i n g s . Co ty l e do n s 2 , 7- 9 mm . l o n g by l - l . 2 mm . w i de , b l u n t l y a c u te .

C . C h i n a : Anwhei to Y u n n a n , Yangste R i ve r d ra i na g e , 1100- 2000 m. .

C . LAWSO N I ANA (A . Mu rr . ) Pa r l . L aws o n C h amaecypa r i s

A tree 21-61 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a na rrow , S p i re - l i ke c rown .

Ba r k re dd i s h - b rown , dee p l y fu rrowed . B ra n c h l e ts s l e nde r , f l a t te ned , d i s t i c ho u s ,

s prea d i n g h or i z o n ta l l y , pe nd u l o u s a t th e ex trem i t i e s , ba r k p u r p l i s h - b rown . Lea ve ss c a l e - l i k e , d u l l g ree n i n 4 ra n k s , to mm . l o ng , c l o se l y a p p re s se d w i t h atra n s l u ce n t g l a n d , i n d i s t i n c t l y wh i t i s h be l ow , re s i n - s c e n ted , a pe x po i n ted o rs l i g h t l y S p re a d i n g . Ma l e co n e re d to v i o l e t- b rown , wi th 12-16 ova te s c a l e s ,

po l l e n s a c s 2- 4 . Fema l e co n e g l o b u l a r , ma t u r i ng i n one yea r , b l u i s h - g ree nt u rn i n g g l a u co u s t he n redd i s h - brown , to 10 mm. w i de , w i t h 8- 10 s c a l e s w i t hsma l l a c u te re f l exe d umbo s . See d s 2- 4 per s c a l e , re dd i s h- brown , 4 mm. l o n g ,

b ro a d l y w i nge d .

S .W. O rego n , coa s ta l p l a i n to N.W. Ca l i fo rn i a , Mt . Shas ta, to 1524 m. .

C . NOOTKAT E NS I S ( 0 . Do n ) S pa c h . No o t k a C h amae cy pa r i s

A co n i ca l tree 15- 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rth , wi t h a na rrow c rown a ndhor i zo n ta l o r S l i g h t l y d roo p i n g b ra n c he s . Ba rk o ra ng e - brown to g ray - b rown ,

d i v i de d i n to l o n g na r row f i s s u re s . Bra n c he s a s ce nd i ng , d i s t ic ho u s , da r k g ree na bo ve , pa l e g ree n be l ow , f l a t te ned o r 4 - a n g l ed , s p rea d i n g ho r i zo n ta l l y , ba r kred d i s h - b rown , bra n c h l e t s pe n de n t a t t he ex trem i t i e s . Lea ve s i n 4 ra n k s , de n s e l y

56 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I RS V I I I 1986

i mb r i c a te , da rk g ree n , w i th o u t s toma ta be l ow , 2 - 3 mm . l o n g , g l a n d s v i s i b l e b u tu s ua l l y a b s e n t , ma rg i n s pa l e g ree n , ra re l y w i t h a w h i te l i ne near t he apex ,

o i l y - s ce n te d , s p re ad i n g a t t he a pex , l a te ra l l ea v e s pa r t i a l l y free . Ma l e c o neye l l ow i s h - g ree n , w i t h 2 - 3 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e c o ne ma t u r i n g i n 1- 2 yea rs ,

g l o b u l a r , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n t he n g l a u c o u s - b row n to re d d i s h - b rown , 8- 14 mm. i nd i ame te r , w i t h 4 -6 o v a l o r ro u nd e d s c a l e s w i t h a fa i r l y p rom i ne n t a c u te umbo .

Se e d s 2 - 4 pe r s ca l e , ta n , g l a u co u s , o va l to ro u n d , 5 mm . l o n g , w i th 2 b roa d w i n g sto 2 mm . w i de .

W . Ca na da ; S . A l a s k a to N.W. Ca l i fo rn i a , 610- 2134 m. .

C . OBTUSA ( S i eb . et Z u c c . ) E n d l . J a p a ne s e H i no k i C hama ecypa r i s

A b ro a d l y co n i c a l tree to 40 m . ta l l , w i th h o r i zo n ta l b ra n c h e s a n d a ro u n de dc rown . Ba r k smoo th , re d - b rown to g ray - brown , s l i g h t l y fu r rowed , pee l i n g o ff i nth i n l o n g s tr i p s . B ra n c h l e t s d i s po s e d i n o ne p l a ne , f l a t te ned , pe n de n t a t t hee x trem i t i e s , tr i p i n n a te , S h o r t a n d c l u b - l i k e . Le a ve s d i morp h i c , s c a l e - l i ke ,

o p po s i te de c u s s a te , o b t u s e , da r k b r i g h t g ree n , re s i n - s ce n te d ; l a te ra l l ea ve s 2 mm.

l o n g , w i t h x - s h a pe d wh i te s toma ta be l ow , free a t the a pe x ; fa c i a l l e a ve s r hom b i co va te , c l o s e l y a p pre s se d , mm . l o n g , a pex i n c u rve d , w i th a g l a n d do t o n t heba c k . Ma l e c o ne v i o l e t t he n ye l l ow i s h , 3 mm . l o n g w i t h 12 s c a l e s . Fema l e co nema t u r i n g i n o ne yea r , g l o b u l a r , g ree n t he n b r i g h t red - b rown , 8- 12 mm . i nd i ame te r , w i t h 8- 10 pe l ta te s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l um bo . See d s 2 o r ra re l y 3- 5

pe r s c a l e , 3- 4 mm . l o n g , w i t h 2 n a rrow w i n g s .

J a pa n : Ho n do to Y a k u I s l a n d , 400- 2000 m. .

C . OBTUSA v a r . FO RMOSANA ( Haya ta ) Re h d . ex Ba i l Fo rmo s a n H i n o k i C h ama e cy pa r i s

A tree 30- 40 m . ta l l . B ra nc h l e ts S l e n de re r a n d th i n ne r . Fo l i a ge Th u j a - l i ke .

Lea ve s l i g h t s h i ny g ree n o n bo t h s i de s , l- l . 5 nun l o n g , b roa d l y o b tu se , ove r l a pp i n g , a pe x mo re i n c u rve d a n d a c um i n a te . Fema l e c o ne s u bg l o bo se to n ea r l y o b l o n g ,

9- 11 mm . i n d i ame te r , w i t h 8- 10 s c a l e s w i t h sma l l um bo s . See d s sma l l e r th a n t hety pe , to 2 mm . w i de .

Ta i wa n : nor t h a n d c e n tra l a re a s , 1300- 2800 m. .

C . P I S I F E RA ( S i e b . et Z u c c . ) E n d l . Sawa ra C h amae cypa r i s

A n a rrow l y pyram i da l tree 40- 50 m . ta l l ,- 2 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n o pe n

c rown w i t h h o r i zo n ta l bra n c he s a n d w i t h a s tra i g h t tru n k . Ba r k re dd i s h - b rown ,

s h reddy , e xfo l i a t i ng i n l o n g t h i n s tr i p s . B ra n c he s s l e nde r , f l a t te ned , i n s ho r tfe r n - l i ke s pray s , s omewh a t pe n de n t . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 6 mm . l o n g , nee d l e - l i ke ,

4 ra n ked , b l ue - gree n a bove , wh i t i s h be l ow . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , to 3 mm .

l o ng , a c u te , ov a te - l a n c eo l a te , S ha rp po i n te d , to p p a i r f l a t te ne d , s i de pa i rkee l e d , s h i ny g ree n a bo ve to ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , wh i t i s h - g ree n be l ow w i t h s toma ta ,

s l i g h t l y s prea d i n g , o b s c u re l y g l a n d u l a r , re s i n s ce n te d . Ma l e co ne v i o l e t the nye l l ow i s h , w i th 12- 20 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne ma t u r i n g i n o ne ye a r , o n a s ho r ts c a l y pe d u nc l e , g l o b u l a r , 6-8 mm . i n d i ame te r , w i t h 8- 12 s c a l e s , wh i t i s h - g ree ntur n i ng da r k brown ; s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l umbo a t the de pre s se d ce n te r . Seed s

l- Z pe r s ca l e , 2- 3 mm . l o n g , w i th re s i n po c ke ts ; w i ng s tra n s pa re n t , re l a t i ve l yroa d .

J a pa n : S . Ho ndo a n d C . Ky u s h u , to 2400 m. .

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58 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

C JAP ON I CA va r . S I N E N S I S S i e b . e x S i e b . et Z uc c . C h i ne s e C ry p tome r i aC . fo rt u ne i Hooi br . ex O t to et D i e t r .

A tree 17- 40 m . ta l l ,- 2 m . i n g i r th , w i t h a s tra i g h t tr u n k , w i t h a l a rg e

c rown a n d w i t h a l oo s e r ha b i t . Ba rk c i n n amo n - b rown to g ray - b rown , l o n g i t ud i n a l l yfu rrowe d

.Bra n c he s S l e n de r , l o n g , pe nde n t a t the e x trem i t i e s . Ba rk o f bra n c h

l e ts o ra n g i s h . Lea ve s cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , s h i ny g ree n , s omewh a tmo re i mb r i c a te

,a pe x i n c u rve d . Ma l e c o ne s o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , a t t i p s o f t he

bra n c h l e ts,a x i l l a ry , 4 nmu l o n g , w i t h 12 a c um i n a te s ca l e s . Fema l e c o n e o n a

s c a l y t ra n s i t i o n a l l e a ve d bra n c h l e t , g l o b u l a r - o vo i d , 12 mm . l o n g by 12 mm.

w i de,bro a dene d a t the ba se , wi t h 20 s c a l e s w i t h 3- 4 S ho r te r tee t h o n t he

ma rg i n s,c o n e ye l l ow i s h b rown . See d s 2 pe r s c a l e , n a rrow l y o vo i d .

C h i n a : Anwhei to Y u n n a n , 900- 2900 m. .

C U NN I N GHAM I A R . B r . e x R i c h . ( Ta xo d i a cea e )

A g e n u s o f two S pe c i e s from C . C h i n a a n d Ta i wa n . Mo noe c i o u s tree s w i t hwho r l e d b ra n c h l e ts , o p po s i te a n d 2 ra n ked bra n c h l e t s . La te ra l bra n c h l e t sde c i d uo u s . B u d s ro u n d , f l a t te ne d , c o ve re d by l e a fy s c a l e s . Le a ve s l i ne a rl a n ce o l a te , r i g i d , s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d , f l a t te ne d , se rru l a te o n the ma rg i n s ,

w i th s toma ta mo re n ume ro u s be l ow ; pe r s i s te n t fo r f i v e yea rs o r mo re ,

t he n pe r s i s te n t a s d ry bra n c he s e ve n mu c h l o n ge r , c u rv i n g ba c kwa rd s . Ma l eco ne s c a t k i n - l i ke , o b l o n g , i n c l u s te r s o f a bo u t 12 , a t en d s o f t he bra n c hl e ts . Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r- o va te , w i t h l o ng , t h i n , i n c u rved , se rr u l a te

,

pa pe ry , S p i ne - t i p pe d s c a l e s , w i t ho u t d i s t i n c t bra c t s o r umbo s . Seed s 3 pe rs ca l e , s omewha t f l a t te ne d , w i t h 2 n a rrow e ve n w i n g s . Co ty l e don s 2 -3 ,

g e rm i n a t i o n e p i g e a l .

C . KONI SHI I Haya ta Fo rmo s a n C u n n i n g h am i a

A b roa d l y py ram i da l tree to 50 m . ta l l , 1 m . i n g i rth . Ba r k c i n n amonb rown , s h a l l ow l y fu rrowe d , be c om i ng g ray i s h -wh i te . Bra n c he s smoo th . Le a ve ss p i ra l l y a rra nge d , no t tw i s te d , o bt u s i s h , l a n ce o l a te , fa l c a te , pe r s i s t 8yea rs , s t i ff , r i g i d , t h i c k , g roo ve d , s h i ny b ro n zy - g ree n the n g ray - g re e n ,

bro n zy i n t he w i n te r mo n t h s , cm . l o n g by mm . w i de ; w i thfa i n t s toma ta o n bo th s u rfa c e s , mo re co n s p i c uo u s be l ow ; pa l e g ree n i s h - wh i tebe l ow , ma rg i n s f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , a pe x s ho rt l y po i n te d , ba s e de c u rre n t ,

pe t i o l e a b s e n t . Fema l e c o ne o vo i d , cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ;s c a l e s ro u n de d , s h a rp l y mu c ro n a te a t the a pex , w i t h a d i s t i n c t c l aw a t t heba s e ; s ca l e s i rreg u l a r l y se rr u l a te , s omewh a t re fl exed . See d s 2 - 3 pe r s c a l e ,

o va te , 3-5 mm . l o n g w i t h 2 n a rrow w i ng s .

Ta i wa n : Mo u n t Ra n d a i , 1300- 2000 m. .

C LANC EO LATA ( L am b . ) Hoo k . f . C h i ne s e C u n n i n g ham i aC . uni canal i culata Wa ng et L i u

A n a rrow tree to 30 m . ta l l , to 5 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a ro u n de d crown . Tree sc a pa b l e o f rege ne ra t i o n i f c u t to t he g ro u n d . Ba rk ex fo l i a t i ng i n l o n g re d d i s hbrown s tr i p s , smoo t h . B ra n c he s d i s po s e d i n who r l s , w i t h nume ro u s b ra n c h l e ts ,

smoo t h . La te ra l bra n c h l e t s de c i du o u s . Ba r k o f b ra n c h l e ts s h i ny g re e n the n o ra n gebrown a bo ve . Le a ve s l a n ceo l a te , s p i ra l l y a rra nge d , s p i ny po i n te d , s omewh a td i s t i c ho u s a n d re c u rve d , ba s e broa d l y dec ur re n t , 3- 7 cm . l o ng by 4 -7 mm . w i de ,

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe ra e 59

w i t h a ra i s e d m i d r i b a n d ra i s ed ma rg i n s , l i g h t S h i ny g ree n a bo ve , ma rg i n sf i ne l y de n t i c u l a te ; s toma ta u s u a l l y a b s e n t a bo ve , i n 2 b roa d wh i te ba n d s be l ow

,

s toma te s f l a t te ned ; l e a ve s pe r s i s t 5 ye a rs o r mo re , a pex n a rrow l y a c u te . Ma l eco ne o b l o n g , i n who r l s o f 12 by

'

a te rm i n a l b ud ; s u rro u n de d by the ba se by g ree no b tu s e l y i mb r i c a te s c a l e s , ea c h s c a l e w i th 3- 4 a n t he r s ; co ne ye l l ow i s h - brown .

Ma l e bu d s ro u n de d , s omewha t f l a t te ne d , h i d de n by t he l e a ve s . Fema l e co nete rm i n a l o n a s ho r t b ra n c h l e t , ma tu r i n g i n o ne ye a r , g l o b u l a r , g ree n th e n ta n

,

3- 5 cm . l o ng by - 3 cm . wi de ; s c a l e s r i g i d , a c um i n a te , tr i a n g u l a r , ma rg i n sde n t i c u l a te , f l a t te ne d , a pe x w i t h a l o n g s p i ne , a pe x s omewha t i n c u rve d . See d s3 pe r s c a l e , o va l , f l a t te ne d , re dd i s h - b rown , 6- 7 mm . l o n g , w i t h th i n memb ra neo u sw i n g s .

C h i n a : E . Y u n n a n to C he k i a n g , 700- 2500 m. .

x C U PR E SSOC Y PAR I S Da l l i mo re ( C u p re s s a ce ae )

An a r t i f i c i a l ge ne r i c c ro s s be twee n C h ama e c ypa r i s a n d Cupres sus .Three ma i nta x a h a ve be e n ra i s e d i n E n g l a n d . E ve rg ree n t ree s o f ra p i d g rowt h . Bra n c he so fte n a s ce n d i n g . Bra n c h l e t s f l a tte ne d . Lea ve s s c a l e - l i ke , sma l l , i mb r i c a te ,

kee l e d , b l u n t l y a c u te , p a l e r be l ow o r w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow , fa i n t l ya roma t i c whe n c ru s he d . Ma l e c o ne s o vo i d , to 3 mm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r

,

- 2 cm . l o n g , ma tu r i n g i n 1- 2 ye a rs , w i t h 6-8 s c a l e s , s c a l e s w i t h sma l lc e n tra l umbo s . See d s 5 pe r s c a l e o r mo re , o fte n f l a tte ne d , o fte n wa r ty

,w i t h

2 b ro a d e ve n w i n g s .

C . x L E Y LA ND I I (A. B . J a c k s . et Dall im. ) Dall im. Ley l a n d Cu p re s s ocypa r i s

o r i rreg u l a r l y d i s po s e d , S l i g h t l y d roo p i n g . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , a c u te to f i ne l yo b tu s e , s l i g h t l y i n c u rve d , da r k g ree n a bove , ye l l ow i s h - g re e n be l ow ,

- 2 m .

l o n g , w i t h a ce n tra l g l a n d , a pe x mu c ro n a te . Fema l e c o n e l . 5-2 cm . w i de ,

g l o b u l a r , da r k S h i ny b rown , w i t h 8 s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l umbo . S eed s a bo u t 5 pe rs c a l e , f l a t te ne d , s omewh a t wa rty , 5 mm . w i de , w i t h 2 e ve n b ro a d l y o va te w i n g s .

C . x NOTAB I LI S A. F . M i tc he l l No b l e C u p re s s o cyp a r i s

p i n n a te bra nc h l e t s . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , l i g h t g ray - g ree n , b l ue - g ree n nea r theba se , a c u te , free , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s ,

- 2 mm. l o ng . Ma l e co ne ovo i d , 3 mm .

l o ng . Fema l e co ne cm . l o ng , g l o bu l a r , p u rp l i s h - b l ue , b l oomed b l ue -wh i te ,

w i t h 6-7 s c a l e s , s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l c u rve d umbo .

C . x OVENSI I A. F . M i tc he l l O ve n s C up re s s o cypa r i s

s p ray s . Ba r k o f bra n c h l e t s re d d i s h - brown to p i n k . Lea ve s da r k g l a u co u s - gree n ,

s p rea d i ng fo rwa rd s , w i t h a l o n g free a c u te S p i ne - t i p pe d a pex ,- 2 mm. l o n g ,

w i t h f i ne wh i te s toma ta be l ow . Cru s he d fo l i a ge h a s a l emo ny s ce n t .

60 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

C U P R E S SU S L . ( C u p re s s a cea e )

A ge n u s o f 13 s pe c i e s from t he W . U n i ted S ta te s , Mex i c o , t he Me d i te r ra nea n,

the H i ma l aya s a n d W . C h i n a . B ra n c he s s p rea d i n g o r a s c e n d i n g . B ra n c h l e t s quadrangu l a r o r nea r l y te re te , s ame co l o r o n bo t h S i de s , i r re g u l a r l y d i s po s ed , ra re l yf l a t te ne d . B ud s i n c o n s p i c uo u s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s nee d l e - l i ke , w i t h wh i te s toma ta .

Ad u l t l e a ve s s ca l e - l i k e , sma l l , o p po s i te , a p p re s s e d , i mb r i c a te , w i th a g l a n d o nthe ba c k , w i tho u t p rom i ne n t s toma ta , 4 - ra n ke d , w i t h n a rrow tra n s pa re n t ma rg i n s ;ofte n fra g ra n t whe n c ru s he d . Ma l e c o ne s ov a te o r o b l o n g , ye l l ow i s h , w i t h 6- 12de c u s s a te s c a l e s , w i t h 2- 6 g l o bo s e a n t he r ce l l s . Fema l e c o ne s bo rne e re c t ,

r i pe n i n g i n 2 ye a rs , pe r s i s te n t , u s u a l l y rema i n i n g c l o se d a fte r ma tu r i ty , w i t h3- 7 p a i r s o f woo dy pe l ta te e ve n s c a l e s , e a c h s c a l e be a r i n g a c e n tra l umbo ;o v u l e s 8- 20 pe r s c a l e o r mo re . Se ed s w i t h 2 n a rrow e ve n w i n g s . Co ty l e do n s2 i n t h e O l d Wo r l d s pe c i e s , 3- 4 i n t he New Wo r l d s pe c i e s .

C . AR I Z ON I CA Gree ne Ro u g h - ba r k A r i zo n a Cyp re s s

A na r row l y co n i c a l t ree 25- 30 m . ta l l , to 90 cm . i n g i rt h , w i th s ho r tde n s e ho r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s . B a rk g re e n i s h - b rown , f i ne l y f i s s u re d , t he n g ray i s ha n d fu rrowe d . Bra n c h l e t s i rre g u l a r l y d i s po s e d , q u a d ra n g u l a r , n ea r l y a t r i g h ta ng l e s . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , p a l e g ray - g ree n , o va te , S ha rp l y a c u te , g roo ve d o nthe b a c k , l . 5- 2 nnu l o n g by 1 nun node , g l a n d s u s u a l l y i n c o n s p i c uo u s

,

ma rg i n s f i mb r i a te , l emo n s ce n ted i f c ru s he d . Ma l e co ne 2 -5 mm . l o n g , w i t h 8- 20s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne g l o b o s e o r o b l o n g , 15- 25» nnu l o n g , ra re l y o pe n i n g a tma t u r i ty , g l a u c o u s tu rn i n g d a r k re dd i s h - brown to g ray - brown , w i t h 6- 12 s c a l e s ;s c a l e s w i th a sma l l t h i c k p rom i n e n t umbo i n t he ce n te r ; o v u l e s 8- 10 pe r s c a l e .

See d s 90- 120 per co n e , i rre g u l a r to o b l o n g , 4 - 5 mm . l o ng , ta n o r re dd i s h - b rown ,

s ome t i me s g l a u co u s , w i t h 2 n a rrow wings . Cotyledons 3- 4 , 10-14 mm . l o n g , a c u te .

S .W. A r i zo n a to S .W. Te x a s to Du ra n g o , Mex i c o , 900- 1830 m. .

C A R I Z ON I CA v a r . G LABRA ( S u dw . ) L i t t l e Smoo t h - ba r k A r i z o n a Cy p re s sC . mo n ta n a stephensoni i Wo l f

A c o n i c a l tree 10- 20 m . ta l l , 40-60 cm . i n g i r th , w i th bra n c he s from t heba s e . Ba r k t h i n , smo o th , re d o r p u rp l i s h , ex fo l i a t i ng , s c a l y . B ra n c he sa s c e nd i ng . B ra nc h l e t s i r re g u l a r l y d i s po s e d , s u bcy l i n d r i c a l , ba rk o f bra n c h l e tso ra nge - brown to p u rp l i s h - brown . Le a ve s b l ue - g ray , a c u te , 1- 2 nnu l o n g , g roo ve da bove , d i s t i n c t l y g l a nd u l a r , g l a n d s fo rm i n g a wh i t i s h do t , te re te , s tro n g l yl emo n s ce n te d . Ma l e co ne 3- 5 mm . l o n g , s c a l e s 10- 18. Fema l e con e s u bg l o bo s e ,

2- 3 cm . l o n g , g l a u co u s t u r n i ng re d - brown o r g ray i s h , w i t h 6- 10 s c a l e s w i t h asma l l p rom i ne n t th i c k umbo . Seed s 90- 100 pe r co ne , 10- 15 pe r s c a l e , da rkb rown , o ften g l a u c o u s , 4 -5 mm. l o n g , n a rrow l y to b roa d l y w i n ge d . Co ty l e do n s3- 5, 9- 13 mm . l o ng , g ree n i s h , a pex a c u te .

C . Ar i zo n a ; S . Ca l i fo rn i a ; Mex i c o : N . Ba j a Ca l i fo r n i a , 450- 2825 m. .

C . AR I Z ON I CA v a r . N E VA DENS I S (Abrams ) L i t t l e Pioute Cy p re s s

A s ta te l y co n i c a l tree 10- 11 m . ta l l , to 80 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a de n s ec rown , o fte n bra n c h ed to the g ro u nd . Ba rk g ray , fu rrowe d . Bra n c h l e ts n e a r l yq u a d ra ng u l a r , i rreg u l a r l y d i s po s e d . Le a ve s l i g h t g ray- g re e n , g roo ve d a bo ve ,

to 2 mm . l o ng , d i s t i nc t l y g l a n du l a r , g l a n d s l ea ve a c l e a r re dd i s h do t , a c u te ,

ma rg i n s f i ne l y f i mbr i a te . Ma l e co ne 3-5 nun l o n g , s c a l e s 10- 16. Fema l e co ne so bo vo i d , e l o ng a te d , 2 cm . l o n g , g ray - brown , s ome t i me s g l a u co u s , w i t h 6-8s ca l e s , s ca l e s w i t h a sma l l t h i c k umbo . See d s 10 pe r s ca l e , i rre g u l a r , ta n ,

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 61

o f te n s l i g h t l y g l a u c o u s , 90 pe r co ne, b roa d l y w i n ge d . Co ty l e do n s 3-5, 7- 15 mm .

l o n g , b l u n t l y a c u te .

Ca l i fo rn i a : N . Ke rn a n d S . Tu l a re Co u n t i e s , 1524 - 1830 m. .

C . BA KE R I Je p s . Ba ke r o r Mo doc Cy p re s sC . ba ke r i subsp. matthews i i Wo l f

A co n i c a l tree 9- 30 m . ta l l , to 60 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n o pe n c rown . Ba r k re ddi sh- brown , smoo t h , pee l i n g , s c a l y . B ra n c h l e t s i rre g u l a r l y d i s po s ed , q u a d ra ng u l a r

,

ba rk d a rk re d - brown . Le a ve s g ray - g ree n , s h a rp l y a c u te , 1- 2 nun l o n g , g roo ve da bo ve , d i s t i n c t l y g l a n d u l a r , g l a n d s l e a v i n g a wh i t i s h do t , ma rg i n s pa l e r

,a pe x

s pre a d i n g , fo l i a ge l emo n s ce n te d . Ma l e co ne 2 -3 mm . l o n g , s c a l e s 8- 12 . Fema l ec o n e g l o b u l a r to o vo i d , l . 2- 2 cm . l o n g , wa rty , g ree n tu rn i ng d u l l b rown to s h i nyg ray o r s i l ve ry , w i t h 4 -8 s c a l e s , s c a l e s w i t h s ho r t th i c k umbo s to mm . h i g h .

Seed s a bo u t 50 pe r co ne , i rre g u l a r l y ro u nde d , brown o r l i g h t ta n , no n -wa r ty,

3- 5 mm . l o n g , w i t h n a rrow w i ng s . Co ty l e do n s 3- 4 , 8- 10 mm. l o n g , b l u n t l y a c u te .

S .W. Ore g o n to P l uma s Co u n ty , E . C a l i fo rn i a , 1160- 2100 m. .

C CHENGIANA Hu C he n g o r M i n Cyp re s sC . fa l l a x F ra n c o ,

=C. j iangeens i s Z h ao

A co n i ca l tree 20- 30 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r th , wi t h a n a rrow l y ro u n dedc rown . Ba r k b rown - g ray , dee p l y f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s i rreg u l a r l y d i s po se d ,

o fte n i n a f i s h bo ne - l i k e pa t te rn , s ome t i me s s omewh a t f l a t te ne d , ro u nde d . Lea ve sg ray - g ree n , b ro a d l y o v a te , o b tu s e , 4 ra n ke d , g roo ve d a bo ve , w i t h d i s t i n c t g l a n d s

,

l - l . 5 mm . l o ng , fa i n t l y re s i n s ce n ted . Ma l e co ne o b l o ng , 2-3 mm . l o n g , w i t h 8- 12b roa d l y o vo i d s c a l e s . Fema l e c o n e g l o bo s e , g ray - brown , s ome t i me s g l a u co u s

,

cm . l o n g , w i th 6- 10 s ca l e s , s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l t h i c k umbo . See d s ro u n d , ta n ,

smoo th , f l a t te ne d ,- 5 mm. l o n g w i t h n a rrow to bro a d w i ng s . Co ty l e do n s 2 ,

9- 13 mm . l o ng , l i g h t g ray i s h - g ree n , b l u n t l y a c u te .

C h i n a : S . E . Ka n s u to N.W. S z e c h u a n , M i n R i ve r dra i n a ge , 1300- 3000 m. .

C . DUC LO U X I A NA H i c k e l e x Cam u s Ducloux o r Y u n n a n Cyp re s s

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l t ree 25-60 m . ta l l , w i t h u p swe p t bra nc he s . Ba r k da r k redbrown , f i ne l y f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s i rreg u l a r l y d i s po s ed , d i v i de d i n to t h i ns h re d - l i k e segme n t s , q u a d ra n g u l a r , no n - pe n de n t . Le a ve s g ree n to b l ue - g ray - g ree n ,

s omewha t o b tu s e , g ro o ved a bo ve , g l a nd s o bs c u re , l- l . 5 mm . l o n g , ma rg i n s g ray ,

a pex s l i g h t l y i n c u rve d , fa i n t l y re s i n - s ce n te d . Ma l e co ne 4 -6 mm . l o n g , w i t h 1216 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r , s h i ny re d - brown , s ome t i me s fa i n t l y g l a u co u s ,

15- 30 m . l o n g , w i t h 6-8 s c a l e s s c a l e s w i t h a sma l l t h i c k umbo . Seed s o vo i d ,

re d - brown , de n s e l y wa r ty , 5 mm . l o ng , s omewh a t f l a t te ne d , n a rrow l y w i n g e d .

Co ty l e do n s l i g h t g ree n 2 , 13- 18 mm. l o n g , no tc he d a t the a pex .

C h i n a : S . E . Tibet ,Pome ; N.W. Y u n n a n , 1950- 2100 m. .

C . G I GANT EA C he n g et Eu G i a n t o r Tsangpo Cypre s s

A co n i ca l tree 30-45 m . ta l l , 1-6 m . i n g i r t h . Ba rk g ray- p u rp l e - b rown ,

s l i g h t l y f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s i rreg u l a r l y d i s po s ed , q u a d ra ng u l a r o r o c c a s i o na l l y cy l i nd r i ca l , de n s e l y a rra n ge d in rows , no n - f l a t te ne d , ba r k o ra nge -brown .

Le a ve s g ray - g ree n , o fte n b l oome d wh i te o n t he ma rg i n s , 1- 2 mm . l o ng , b l u n t l ya c u te to o b tu s e , g roo v ed a bove , d i s t i n c t l y g l a nd u l a r , fa i n t l y re s i n s ce n ted .

62 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1936

Fema l e co ne o b l o n g - s p he ro i da l , S h i ny da rk b row n , l . 6- 2 cm . l o n g , w i t h 12 s c a l e s,

w i t h th i n sma l l um bo s . Seed s na rrow l y o b l o n g , s l i g h t l y wa rty , s h i ny c he s t n u tb rown , w i t h n a rrow w i n g s to 1 mm . w i de . Co ty l e do n s 2 , 11- 13 mm. l o n g , o b t u s e ,

g l a u co u s - g ree n .

C h i na : S . E . T i be t ; Tsangpo R i ve r V a l l ey , L i n c h i h we s twa rd s , 3000- 3400 m. .

C . GOVENIANA Go rd . Gowe n Cyp re s s

A s h ru b or py ram i da l tree 12 -60 m . ta l l ,- 1 m . i n g i rt h o r mo re , w i t h a

co n i c a l o r bro a d , o pe n , s p re a d i n g c row n . Ba r k pa l e g ray - b row n , s ha l l ow l yfu r rowe d , br i g h t re dd i s h - b rown a n d s c a l y o n yo u ng t ree s . B ra n c h l e t s i rre g u l a r l yd i s po s e d , s l e n de r , q u a d ra ng u l a r , ba r k p u rp l i s h - brown . Lea ve s da r k g ree n tob l a c k i s h - g re e n , 1- 2 mm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , o va te , b l u n t l y a c u te to o b t u s e

,

no t g ro o ve d a bo ve , g l a n d s u s u a l l y a b s e n t , ma rg i n s pa l e w i t h a fa i n t w h i t i s hb l oom , a pe x i n c u rv ed , fa i n t l y o i l y - s c e n te d whe n c ru s he d . Ma l e co ne 3- 4 mm . l o n g ,

w i t h 12 - 14 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r o r o b l o n g , wa rty , 15- 20 mm. l o n g , da r kb rown o r d u l l d a r k g ray , w i t h 6- 10 s c a l e s w i t h a t h i n sma l l umbo . Seed s 90- 110pe r c o ne , 10- 13 pe r s c a l e , d a r k b rown to b l a c k , wa rty , 3- 4 mm . l o ng , w i th na rroww i n g s . Co ty l e do n s 3-5, t h i n , 8- 12 mm. l o n g , a c u te , 3- a ng l e d , g re e n i s h - re d .

C a l i fo rn i a : Me n do c i no , So noma a n d Mo n te rey Co u n t i e s , 60- 300 m. .

C . GOVENIANA v a r . ABRAMSIANA ( Wo l f ) L i t t l e Sa n ta C ru z Cy p re s s

A broa d l y co n i ca l tree 12 - 18 m . ta l l , to 5 de c i me te r s i n g i r t h , ofte nbra n c he d from the ba s e . Ba r k p u rp l i s h - o ra n ge - b rown to gray - b rown , r i dg ed ,

bro ke n i n to ve r t i c a l s tr i p s o r p l a te s , o r f i b rou s . B ra n c h l e t s i rreg u l a r l yd i s po s e d , S ho r t , f i ne , te t ra g o n a l , ba r k p u rp l i s h - re d . Le a ve s b r i g h t g ree n ,

b l u n t l y a c u te , 1 mm. l o n g , w i t h a n o b s c u re g l a n d , t i p s fo rwa rd s p rea d i n g ,

free , i n c u rved to a m i n u te muc ro , s tro ng l y l emo n s ce n te d . Ma l e co ne o vo i d ,

3- 4 mm . l o n g , w i t h 10- 16 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne o vo i d , 20- 30 mm . l o ng , g re e nt u r n i n g g ray - b rown , s omewha t g l a u co u s , w i t h 8- 10 s ca l e s , s c a l e s w i t h a sma l lt h i c k p ro t u be ra n t umbo . See d s 7-8 pe r s c a l e , 62 pe r co ne , n o n -wa rty , f l a t te ne d ,

b rown , o fte n g l a u c o u s , w i t h broa d w i ng s 2 -3 mm . w i de . Co ty l edo n s 3 -5, 9- 12 mm .

l o ng , w i de r th a n th e type .

Ca l i fo rn i a , Sa n ta C r u z a n d S a n Ma te o Co u n t i e s , 487-762 m. .

C . GUADALUPENSI S S . Wa ts . G ua da l u pe Cyp re s s

A tree 15- 20 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i th a b ro a d , w i de - S p rea d i ng , ro u ndedc rown o f a s ce nd i ng bra n c he s . Ba r k g ray - b rown to red , ex fo l i a t i ng , s c a l y .

B ra n c h l e t s i rreg u l a r l y d i s po se d , ba r k pa l e re d - brown . Lea ve s a c u te , g ray - b l ueto b l ue - g ree n ,

- 2 mm . l o ng by mm . w i de , g l a nd s o b s c u re , ma rg i n sf i mbr i a te a nd pa l e , a pe x free a n d s p rea d i n g , fo l i a g e l emo n o r re s i n s c e n te d .

Ma l e co ne 3-6 mm . l o n g , s ca l e s 14 - 18. Fema l e c o ne s u bg l o bo s e to g l o bo s e ,

25- 40 mm . l o n g , l i g h t g ray , w i t h 6-8 th i c k swo l l e n s omewh a t f l a tte ne d s c a l e s ,

umbo s i nco n s p i c uo u s . See d s 100 o r mo re pe r co ne , g l a u co u s - b rown , 6 mm . l o ng ,

f i ne l y wa rty , w i th w i n g s to 1 mm . w i de . Co ty l e do n s 3-6, 7- 13 mm . l o ng .

Mex i co : G u a d a l u pe I s l a n d , s omewha t e n da ng e re d , to 900 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe ra e 63

C . GUADALUPENSI S v a r . FO RB E S I I ( J e p s . ) L i tt l e Fo rbe s o r Te c a te Cypre s s

A tree to 10 m . ta l l , w i th a n i rreg u l a r , s p re ad i n g , ro u n de d c rown . Tr u n k o f te nbra n c h ed from t he ba s e . Ba r k re d o r re d - b rown , t h i n , s ca l y , smoo t h . B ra nc h l e tsi rreg u l a r l y d i s po s ed , ba r k d a r k c he s tn u t - re d . Lea ve s r i c h l i g h t g ree n

,S h a r p l y

a c u te , mm . l o n g by 1 mm : w i de , g l a n d s u s u a l l y a b s e n t , a p pre s s ed , w i th a na b ru p t mu c ro a t th e a pe x , ma rg i n s b l oomed wh i te , fo l i a g e s tro n g l y l emo n s c e n te d

.

Ma l e co ne 3- 4 um. l o n g , w i t h 10- 14 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne g ray- brown , 20- 30 mm.

l o n g , w i th 6- 10 th i c k swo l l e n s c a l e s , umbo s i n co n s p i c uo u s . Seed s brown,a n g u l a r

,

no n - g l a u c o u s , 6 mm . l o n g , w i t h n a rrow w i n g s . Co ty l edo n s 3-6, 6- 15 mm . l o ng .

S .W. Ca l i fo rn i a ; Me x i co : N . Ba j a Ca l i fo rn i a , 460- 1524 m. .

C . L U S I TAN I CA M i l l . Me x i c a n Cyp re s sC . corneyana ( Kn i g h t et Pe rry ) Ca rr . i n pa r t ,

=C. l i n d l e y i Klotz sch.

A na rrow l y c o n i c a l tree 10- 30 m . ta l l , 40- 60 cm . i n g i r th , w i th a s c e nd i n gb ra nc h e s a nd pe nd u l o u s b ra nc h l e t s . Ba r k redd i s h - brown to g ray- b rown , fu r rowedo r s h redd i n g i n l o n g n a rrow s tr i p s . Bra n c h l e t s s h o rt , i rre g u l a r l y d i s po s ed

,

q u a d ra n g u l a r , ba r k red d i s h , v i go ro u s b ra n c h l e ts S inous . Le av e s a c u te , g rayg ree n to g l a u co u s ,

- 2 mm . l o ng by 1 mm. w i de , g l a nd s i n co n s p i c uo u s,

a c um i na te , ma rg i n s de n t i c u l a te , s p rea d i n g , a pex pa r t i a l l y free , fa i n t l y l emo no r re s i n s c e n ted . Ma l e co ne s 3- 4 mm . l o n g , w i t h 14 - 16 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne ss u bg l o bo s e , wh i t i s h t u r n i n g red d i s h o r g l a uc o u s - b rown , o pe n i n g u po n ma t u r i ty ,

w i t h 6- 10 th i n s c a l e s w i th a sma l l t h i n umbo . S eed s ye l l ow i s h - brown to c he s tn u tb rown , 4 - 5 1nn. l o n g , w i th n a r row w i n g s , no n - wa rty . Co ty l edo n s 3- 4 , 8- 10 mm . l o n g .

N.W. Me x i c o to S .W. G ua tema l a to N.W. Ho nd u ra s , 490- 1065 m. .

C . L U S I TAN I CA va r . B E NTHAM I I ( E nd l . ) Ca r r . Be n tham Cypre s s

A na r row l y co n i c a l tree to 20 m . ta l l , 40-60 cm . i n g i r th , wi t h a s ce nd i ngb ra n c he s . Ba r k g ray - b rown to da r k red , d i v i de d i n to th i n p l a te s o r s ca l e s .

Bra nc h l e t s S ho r t , f l a tte ne d i n to eve n fe rn - l i ke p i n n a te s pray s , b a r k p i n k i s h ,m i no r b ra n c h l e ts S inous . G l a n d s a b u n da n t o n fo l i a ge o f yo u ng tree s . Lea ve sbr i g h t l i g h t pa l e g ree n , 1 mm . l o ng , g l a nd s a p p a re n t , fo l i a g e s omewha td i mo rp h i c ; a pe x s ha rp po i n ted , s c a rce l y s prea d i n g , m i n u te l y mu c ro n a te , s omewha ti nc u rved ; fo l i a g e fa i n t l y re s i n s ce n te d . Ma l e c o ne 2- 4 mm . l o n g ,w i t h 16 s c a l e s .

Fema l e co ne s u b g l o bo s e , o pe n i n g u po n ma tur i ty , g l a u co u s t he n brown , 10- 15 mm .

l o ng , wr i n k l y , wi th 4 -8 th i n s c a l e s w i t h sma l l t h i n e re c t umbo s . Seed s 8- 10pe r s c a l e , e l l i p t i c , 3- 4 mm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s h - b rown , w i ng s to 1 mm . wi de .

Co ty l edo n s 3- 4 , 10- 13 mm . l o n g , b l u n t l y a c u te .

Me x i co : H i da l g o ; P ue b l a a n d Ve ra C ru z , 2100- 2300 m. .

C . MACNAB IANA A . Murr . Ma c na b Cypre s s

A s h ru b o r tree 10- 25 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i th a bro ad , s p rea d i n gc rown . Ba r k red d i s h - brown a nd s ca l y , be com i n g g ray - brown a nd fu rrowe d .

Bra n c h l e t s f i ne , ro u n de d , eve n l y d i s po s ed i n sma l l f l a t te ned s pray s , ba r kbr i g h t brown . Lea ve s o va te , o b tu s e , da r k g ree n to g l a u co u s - g ree n ; g l a nd sd i s t i nc t , l ea v i ng a wh i t i s h do t ; mm . l o n g , g i b bo se a t t he a pex . Ma l eco ne 2- 3 m . l o ng , s c a l e s 6-8. Fema l e co ne va r i a b l e , g l obo s e to o b l i q ue ,

da r k s h i ny red d i s h - brown to g ray- b rown , 18- 25 mm. l o ng , wi t h 6-8 s ca l e s ,

s c a l e s w i t ho u t umbo s o r w i t h a t h i c k prom i ne n t umbo , o v u l e s 10- 12 pe r s c a l e .

See d s a n g u l a r , 75- 105 per co ne , 3- 4 nnn l o n g , red - brown , s ome t i me s g l a ucou s ,

64 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

smoo t h,s ome t i me s war ty , n a r row l y w i n g ed . Co ty l e do n s 3- 5, 10- 12 um. l o ng .

N . Ca l i fo r n i a ; N . Coa s t Ra ng e s a n d N . S i e rra Ne va da , 300- 790 m. .

C . MAC ROCAR PA Ha r twe g e x 66rd . Mo n te rey Cyp re s s

A symme tr i c a l t ree 20- 25 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h h o r i zo n ta l l yS prea d i n g b ra n c h e s a nd w i t h a ro u n de d c rown , be c om i n g f l a t - to p ped w i t h a g e .

Ba r k d a r k redd i s h - brown , s caly , becoming g ray - b row n a n d fu rrowed . Bra n c h l e t si rre g u l a r l y d i s po s e d , S h o r t , cy l i n d r i c a l , ba r k red d i s h - brown . Le a ve s r h omb i co va te , o b t u s e , to mm . l o n g , da r k g ree n , g l a n d s o b s c u re , no t g ro ove d a bo ve ,

swo l l e n nea r th e a pex ; ma rg i n s pa l e r , fa i n t l y b l oome d wh i te ; fo l i a ge s tro n g l yl emo n s c e n te d . Ma l e c o ne to 6 mm . l o n g , s ca l e s 12- 14 . Fema l e c o ne s u bg l o bo s e ,

20- 40 mm . l o n g , s h i ny red d i s h - b rown to d a r k g ray , wr i n k l y , w i t h 8- 12 s c a l e sw i th sma l l t h i c k umbo s . Se ed s 20 pe r s c a l e , wa rty , da r k b rown , 5-6 mm . l o ng ,

n a rrow l y w i n g ed , 140 pe r co ne . Co ty l e do n s 3- 5, 10- 12 nnu l o n g , a c u te , g ree n i s h .

Mo n te rey Co u n ty , Po i n t Cyp re s s , ne a r l y a t sea l e v e l .

C . SARG E NT I I J e p s . Sa rge n t Cyp re s s

A s h r u b o r tre e 10- 25 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i th a na rrow o r b roa d l yro u n ded c rown . Ba r k g ray o r b row n , fu r rowed . Bra n c h l e t s i r re g u l a r l y d i s po s e d ,

th i c k l y q u a d ra n g u l a r to ne a r l y te re te . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 3- 6 mm . l o n g . Ad u l tl e a ve s b l u n t l y a c u te , l . 6- 2 mm. l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , d u s ty g ray - g ree n , s ome t i me sg l a uco u s , no t g roo ve d a bo v e ; g l a n d s sma l l a n d a p pa re n t , s e l dom a c t i ve ; fo l i a gel emo n s ce n te d . Ma l e c o ne 3- 5 mm. l o n g , s c a l e s 10- 12 . Fema l e co ne o n a S ho r tpe d u n c l e , re dd i s h o r s h i ny p u rp l i s h tu r n i n g g ray - b rown , va r i a b l e , s u bg l o bo s e ,

15- 30 mm . l o n g , w i t h 4 - 10 s c a l e s ; umbo s a b s e n t o r p rom i ne n t, t h i c k a n d l o n g .

Seed s 20 pe r s c a l e , 100 pe r co ne , a n g u l a r , re dd i s h - brown , ofte n g l a u co u s ,

i rreg u l a r , mm. l o n g , no n - wa r ty , na rrow l y w i n ged . Co ty l edo n s 3-5, 9- 20 mm.

l o n g .

Ca l i fo r n i a , Co a s t Ra n g e s , 60- 1120 m. .

C S EMP E RV I R E N S L . Med i te rra ne a n Cypre s sC . ho r i zo n ta l i s M i l l . ,

=C. s empe rv i re n s v a r . n um i d i ca Tra b .

A b roa d l y co n i c a l tree 35- 40 m . ta l l , to 60 cm . i n g i rt h , w i th ho r i zo n ta l l yS prea d i ng bra n c he s . Ba r k redd i s h - b rown a n d f l a ky , t he n g ray - brown a n d fu rrowed ,

i n te r i o r ba r k b rown . B ra n c h l e ts i r re g u l a r l y di sposed, subtetragonal to quadrangul a r , ba rk p u rp l i s h - b rown . Lea ve s d u l l da r k g ree n , i mb r i c a te , o va te , o b tu s e ,

g roo v ed a bo ve , g l a n d s a p p a re n t bu t o b s c u re , m . l o n g , ma rg i n sde n t i c u l a te , a pe x i n c u rved , fo l i a g e fa i n t l y re s i n s ce n te d . Ma l e co ne - 3 inn.

l o ng , w i t h 12- 14 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne o b l o n g to s u bg l o bo se , g ree n tu rn i n g ye l l owi sh- brown to red - brown , wr i n k l y , 20-35 mm . l o n g , w i th 6- 14 s c a l e s wi t h t h i ni n co n s p i c uo u s umbos . Seeds 8- 20 pe r s c a l e , d u l l d a r k brown , o v a l , 3-6 mm . l o n g ,

re l a t i v e l y smoo t h , wi t h na rrow wi n g s 1 mm . w i de . Co ty l edo n s 2 , 10 mm . l o ng ,

g l a u co u s - g ree n , s ee d l i n g s bea r a d u l t fo l i a g e w i t h i n o ne ye a r .

The a bo v e de s c r i p t i o n i s a p p l i c a b l e to the w i l d s p re a d i n g fo rm. T he co l umn a rfo rm g rown a s ‘ s tr i c ta '

i s a c u l t i v a r a nd doe s no t o c c u r i n the w i l d .

C . Tu n i s i a ; N.W. L i bya ; G ree ce ; Cyp ru s ; N . I ra n ; Tu rkey ; Sy r i a ; Le ba no n a n dJo rda n , 500- 1800 m. .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

66 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

DAC R Y CA R P U S ( E nd l De Lau b . ( Podo ca rpa cea e )

A ge n u s o f n i ne s pe c i e s from B u rma to New Ze a l a nd , i n ra i n fo re s t , mo s t l y1000- 3000 m . e l e va t i o n . Tree s w i t h f l a t te ned b ra n c h l e t sy s tems . B ud s inconspi c

uous . Lea ve s d i mo rp h i c , b i l a te ra l l y flattened, falcate a n d d i s t i c ho u s w he n yo u ng ;a d u l t l e a ve s aw l - s ha ped , Da c ryd i um - l i k e , nee d l e - l i ke , s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed , s omewha tre d u ce d nea r t he ba s e o f the bra n c h l e ts . Ma l e co ne s a x i l l a ry , e l o n ga te d , o va l tocy l i nd r i c a l , a n t he r - l i k e . Fema l e co ne s u b te nde d a t the ba s e by i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s ,

co ne w i t h a Swo l l e n b ra c t u n i ted w i t h t he s eed ; re c e p ta c l e f l e s hy , wa rty , s ome t i me sw i t h a p ro t ru d i n g umbo , re d d i s h , b ra c t as l o n g as t he s ee d . Seed s i n ve r te d ,

comp l e te l y co ve re d by t he l e a t he ry s c a l e , u s u a l l y o ne pe r co ne , w i ng l e s s .

D . CINCTUS ( Pi lg . ) De L a u b . B u s u Dacryberryodocarpus c inctus Pi lg . , odocarpus dacrydi i fol ia Wassch. .

A s h r u b o r tree 4 - 30 m . ta l l . Ba rk b rown o r b l a c k , ex fo l i a t i n g , s c a l y , i n ne rba r k re d . B ra n c h l e t s 3- 4 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne d a ndd i s t i c ho u s a t f i rs t , be com i n g fa l c a te , to 12 mm . l o n g by 8 mm . w i de , w i t h ap u ng e n t a pe x . Ad u l t l ea ve s s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne d , l a n ceo l a te , fa l c a te , 2-6 mm . l o n gby 4 -6 mm . w i de , a d p re s s ed , g l a u c o u s , s p rea d i n g . Ma l e c o ne tenninal o r l a te ra l ,

g l o bo s e , 4 - 10 mm. l o n g by 2- 3 mm . w i de , o n a b ra nc h l e t 2- 3 mm . l o ng ; mi crosporophylls a c um i na te . Fema l e c o ne l a te ra l , o n a bra n c h l e t 5- 15 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l ewa r ty , 3- 4 mm . l o n g w i t h 1- 2 p ro j e c t i n g b ra c ts , re d ; i nvo l u c ra l l e a ve s mu c h l o n ge rt ha n th e fo l i a ge l e a v e s , 6- 7 mm . l o n g . See d w i t h a sma l l a symme tr i ca l c re s t ,

6- 7 mm . w i de by 6- 7 mm . l o n g .

I ndo ne s i a : Ce l e be s ; New G u i ne a to Pa p u a , 900- 3600 m .

D COMPACTUS (Wassch. ) De La u b . A l be r t - Edwa rd DacryberryPo do c a rp u s c ompa c tu s Wassch.

A s h ru b o r sma l l tree 2- 20 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s bra n c he s a n d a n i rreg u l a rtru n k . J u ve n i l e tree s co n i c a l . Ba r k da r k g ray , s c a l y , i n ne r- ba rk s traw - re d .

J u ve n i l e l e a v e s f l a t te ne d , l a n ceo l a te , fa l c a te , a c u te , s tro ng l y keeled,non-di s ti c

hous ,-6 mm . l o ng by mm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s f l a tte ne d , s pre a d i n g

s l i g h t l y , fa l c a te , no t d i mo rp h i c , l a n ceo l a te , kee l e d , 2- 3 mm . l o n g by - l ion.

w i de . Ma l e co ne l a te ra l o n a b ra n c h l e t 3 nnu l o n g , b u t ge ne ra l l y te rm i na l ; 7-8mm. l o n g by 3 mm . w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a n c eo l a te , a c u te . Fema l e co ne te rm i n a l ,

o n a bra n c h l e t 6- 17 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e wa rty , 3- 4 mm . l o n g , w i th a p ro t ru d i ngs te r i l e bra c t ; i nvo l u c ra l l ea ve s ro b u s t , 4 - 5 mm . l o ng by mm . w i de ,

c l a s p i n g the re ce p ta c l e ; o v u l e p u rp l i s h w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom . See d g l o b u l a r ,

w i t h a b l u n t c re s t , 7-8 mm . l o ng by 7 mm . w i de , s omewh a t re s i no u s , g ray o rg l a u co u s - g ree n .

New Gu i ne a to P a pu a , type nea r M t . A l be r t - Edwa rd , 3200- 3900 m. .

D CUMINGI I ( P a r l . ) De La u b . Cuming DacryberryPo do ca rp u s cumingi i Pa r l .

A tree to 20 m . ta l l , o r mo re . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s f l a tte ne d , d i s t i c ho u s , to12 mm . l o ng by l . 25» nnL w i de , a pe x c u rve d a nd pa ra l l e l w i t h the bra n c h . Ad u l tl ea ve s f l a t te ne d

,s pre a d i n g , s omewha t fa l c a te , we a k l y d i mo rp h i c , a c u te w i t h a f i ne

u p cu rved s p i ne , to 6mm. l o ng by -1 mm. w i de . Ma l e co ne l a te ra l , o n a S ho rtbra nc h l e t 2- 5 mm . l o n g , ov a l , 8-10 m . l o n g by 2- 3 mm. w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l sl a nceo l a te . Fema l e co ne o n a S ho r t , ge ne ra l l y l a te ra l bran c h l e t 6- 10 mm . l o ng ;re ce p ta c l e 2 - 3 nnu l o ng , w i t h 1- 2 a p i ca l fe rt i l e bra c ts ; i nvo l u c ra l l ea ve s

S i l b a,

E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe ra e 67

c u rve d , s u rro u n d i n g t he see d , 10 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de . See d 5-6 mm . l o n g by4 - 5 mm . w i de , w i th a d i s t i n c t a symme tr i c a l c re s t .

P h i l i p p i ne s : L u zo n ; I n do ne s i a : S uma tra a n d Bo rneo , 1860- 3000 m. .

D . DA C R Y D I O I DE S ( R i c h . ) De La u b . New Ze a l a n d Dacryberry= Po do c a rp u s da c ryd i o i de s R i c h .

A l a rg e tree 50-63 m . ta l l , g i r t h to m. . Tru n k u s u a l l y s t ra i g h t a nd c l e a ro f b ra n c he s fo r 18 m . o r mo re . C rown n a r row l y co n i c a l . Ba rk g ray - b rown , smoo th .

B ra n c he s pe n de n t , f i ne . J u v e n i l e l ea ve s 2- ra n ke d , f l a t , l i ne a r , s o ft , 4 -6 rrm. l o n g ,

b ro n ze o r bro n zy - g ree n , de c u rre n t , a pex po i n te d o r mu c ro n a te . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e1i k e , s p i ra l l y a rra n g ed , i mb r i c a te , kee l e d , 2- 3 mm . l o n g , d i mo rp h i c , g ree n o rb ro n zy - g ree n , a pex po i n te d a nd i n c u rve d . Ma i n bra n c he s d re s s e d w i th tr i a n g u l a r

,

b ra c t - l i k e l e a ve s . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e c o ne s o l i ta ry , te rm i na l , l i ne a r , i n g ro u p s,

10 mm . l o ng ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s s omewh a t c omp re s sed . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t te rmi na l bra n c h l e t , w i t h 3- 4 o v u l e s ; re ce p ta c l e red , b l oome d g l a u co u s ; i n vo l u c ra ll e a v e s s ho rt , free from the s ee d . See d s rou n d , 4 mm . w i de , a pex a p i c u l a te .

New Zea l a n d : s c a t te red th ro u g ho u t , l ow l a nd , swampy a re a s , to 700 m. .

D . EXPANSUS De La u b . Yobobos Dacryberry

A tree to 25 m . ta l l . Ba r k s c a l y . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s d i mo rp h i c , c ompre s s e db i l a te ra l l y , s p re a d i n g , fa l c a te , p u n ge n t , to 12 mm . l o ng by mm . w i de .

Ad u l t l e a ve s comp re s s e d b i fa c i a l l y , s p re a d i n g , ex pa n d i n g , fa l ca te , a c u te ,

kee l e d do rs a l l y , 2 - 4 mm . l o n g by - 1 mm . w i de . Ma l e co ne l a te ra l , o nbra n c h l e t s 1- 2 mm . l o n g , o vo i d , 6 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . i n d i ame te r . Fema l e co neo n s ho r t b ra n c h l e t s 4 -5 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e sma l l , wa rty , 2 - 3 mm . l o ng ;i nvo l u c ra l l ea v e s b i fa c i a l l y f l a t te ne d , c l a s p i n g t he rece p ta c l e , 3- 4 mm .

l o ng by mm . w i de . See d g l o bo s e , c r i s ta te , 4 mm . i n d i ame te r , 5-6 mm . l o ng .

New G u i ne a : I r i a n J aya to Pa p u a , 2600- 2607 m. .

D IMBRI CATUS ( B l ume ) De L a u b . J a v a DacryberryPo do c a rp u s imbri catus B l ume

A tree 30- 60 m . ta l l , w i t h a cy l i nd r i c a l tru n k to 2 m . i n g i r th . Ba r k da r kb rown o r b l a c k i s h , re s i no u s , s c a l y , i n ne r - ba rk redd i s h . Bra n c he s compa c t ,

s pre a d i n g , o f te n pe nd u l o u s ; w i t h l o ng , S l e n de r , wh i p - l i ke bra n c h l e ts ,

O. 7S mm . i n d i ame te r . Fo l i a ge d i mo rp h i c . J u ve n i l e l e a v e s f l a t te ne d ,

tr i a ng u l a r , s omewha t fa l ca te , ne a r l y 2- ra n ke d , 3-5 mm . l o ng by mm .

w i de , s e s s i l e , de c u rre n t , m i d r i b prom i ne n t , a pex mu c ro na te . Adu l t l e a ve si m b r i c a te , s ca l e - l i ke , s tro n g l y a p pre s se d , s l e nde r , f l a t te ne d , g ree n , di sti c

hous , 1- l . 7 rrm. l o n g by mm. w i de , a pex a c u te a nd i n c u rved . Ma l e co nel a te ra l , g ree n i s h , cm . l o n g by 2 mm . wi de , o n a bra nc h l e t 1- 3mm . l o n g ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e co ne te rmi na l a t t i p s o f S ho rtbra n c h l e t s ; re ce p ta c l e g l a u co u s , 3- 4 mm . w i de , w i t h 2 b ra c ts ; i n vo l u c ra ll e a ve s acuminatema c i c u l a r ,

- 5 mm . l o ng , q u a d ra n g u l a r o r l a te ra l l yf l a t te ne d , s p re a d i n g ho r i zo n ta l l y , a b ru p t l y f i ne - t i p pe d . See d g l o bo se , red ,

S l i g h t l y r i b bed o n th e ba c k w i t h a b l u n t c re s t , 5-6 mm . l o ng by 4 -6 mm . w i de .

Ma l ay s i a : Ma l aya ; I ndo ne s i a : J a va a nd L e s s e r S u nda I s l a n d s , 700- 3000 m. .

68 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

D . IMBRI CATUS var . CURVULUS (Miq . ) De L a u b S uma t ra n Dacryberry

Bra n c h l e ts d ro o p i n g , re l a t i ve l y s to u t , u s u a l l y c u rv ed to o n e s i de, 1 own

i n d i ame te r . Fo l i a g e re l a t i v e l y c oa rs e . Lea ve s s t ro ng l y a d p re s s e d,ro bu s t

,

- 2 mm . l o n g by - 1 mm . w i de . Ma l e c o ne mm . w i de . Fema l e c o ne w i t he re c t , a d p re s s e d , do rs i ve n t ra l l y f l a t te ned i n vo l u c ra l l ea ve s mm . l o ng

,

s omewha t c l a s p i n g t he re ce p ta c l e . See d w i t h a s ho rt , free a pe x a n d s omew ha tc u rve d be l ow .

I ndo ne s i a : S uma t ra a n d J a va , 1500- 3300 m. .

D . IMBRI CATUS va r . PATULUS De L a u b . Kawa o r Commo n Dacryberry= Po do c a rp u s kawai i Haya ta

A tree w i t h a s t ra i g h t tru n k fo r 30 m . o r mo re , to 1 m . i n g i r th , w i th mo s tma i n bra n c he s a t th e to p Ba rk re d - b rown , t h i c k , f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s 1- 2 mm.

i n d i ame te r . Lea ve s s p re a d i n g , a c i c u l a r , fa l c a te , kee l e d , a c u te , 8- 15 mm . l o n gby 4 -6 mm . w i de , a pe x i nc u rve d , ba s e s e s s i l e a n d de c u rre n t . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry ,

te rm i na l ; re ce p ta c l e cy l i nd r i c a l , fawn - g ree n the n o ra n g e - red to p u rp l e , 1 mm .

l o n g by 1 mm . w i de ; o v u l e o bo v a te , 2 mm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de ; i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s1- 3 mm . l o n g . See d a t a pe x o f t he rece p ta c l e , g l a u co u s t he n ye l l ow - brow n , w i t ha c re s t .

I n do c h i n a ; Ma l ay s i a ; P h i l i p p i ne s ; I ndo ne s i a ; Me l a ne s i a ; F i j i , 700- 1700 m. .

D IMBRI CATUS v a r . ROBU STUS De L a u b . W i l he l m DacryberryPo do c a rp u s papuanus R i d l ey

A tree 15- 20 m . ta l l , w i t h a l a rge tru n k . B ra n c he s pe n de n t , s p rea d i ng ,

fo l i a ge f i ne , b ra nc h l e t s mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s sma l l , s p rea d i n g ,

a c u te , a pex i n c u rve d , s tro n g l y k ee l e d , ro b u s t , mm . l o ng by mm .

w i de , ba se na rrowe d a n d de c u r re n t . Ma l e c o ne cy l i n d r i c a l , o b t u s e , o n a s ho r tl a tera l bra n c h l e t , 6 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , s c a l e s o va l . Fema l e co ne o n as ho r t l a te ra l b ra n c h l e t ; re c e p ta c l e w i t h 2- 4 bra c t s , 1- 2 o f wh i c h a re fe r t i l e ,

cy l i n dr i c a l , 3- 4 mm . l o n g by - 3 mm . w i de ; i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s 2- 3 mm . l o n g ,

f l a t te ne d l a te ra l l y , w i t h a b l u n t na rrow a pex . Seed w i t h a n o b l i q ue a pe x .

Ma l ay s i a : S a rawa k ; Sa ba h ; P h i l i p p i ne s ; New G u i nea , 1000- 3300 m. .

D . K INABALUENSI S (Was sch. ) De L a u b . K i na ba l u Dacryberryodocarpus imbri catus v a r . kinabaluens i s Wassch.

A compa c t s h r u b o r sma l l tree to 2 m . ta l l , w i t h s pa rs e bra nc he s . J u ve n i l el ea ve s f l a t te ne d , d i s t i c ho u s , 10 mm . l o ng by mm . w i de , fa l c a te , w i t h al o n g u p tu r ned a c um i n a te a pex . Ad u l t l ea ve s f l a t te ne d , s t i ff , fa l c a te , d i mo rp h i c ,

1- 2 nun l o n g by - 1 mm. w i de , q u a dra ng u l a r , a pex c ur ve d u pwa rd s a n d p u ng e n t ,

s p i ne no t p ro j e c t i n g . Ma l e co ne l a te ra l o n a s h o rt bra nc h l e t 3 mm . l o n g ; g l o bo s e ,

8 nnu long by 3 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne termi na l o n s ho r t l a te ra l b ra n c h l e t smm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e b l u e o r brown , cy l i nd r i c a l , w i t h 2 b ra c ts ; i nvo l u c ra l

l ea ve s 5-8 mm . l o ng , mu c h l o n ge r tha n t he re ce p ta c l e , f l a t te ne d . See d s u bg l o bo s e ,

7 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , w i t h a d i s t i n c t a symme tr i c a l c re s t .

Ma l ay s i a : S a ba h ; Mo u n t Ki na ba l u , 2700- 4000 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 69

D . STEUPI I (Was sch. ) De L a u b . Steup DacryberryPo doc a rp u s s teupi i Was sch.

A tree 12- 36 m . ta l l , w i th c ompa c t b ra nc he s . Ba r k brown o r g ray , e x fo l i a t i n gi n t h i n s tr i p s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s b i fa c i a l l y f l a t te ned a nd d i s t i c h o u s , a c i c u l a r ,

de c u rre n t , a pe x p u n g e n t . A d u l t l e a ve s 2 - ra n ke d , fa l c a te , r i g i d , 2 mm . l o n g,

f l a t te ned , kee l e d do rs a l l y , q u a d ra n g u l a r , s p re a d i n g . Fema l e co ne o n a b ra n c h l e t3- 5 mm . l o ng , l a te ra l ; re ce p ta c l e wa rty , 2 - 3 mm . l o n g , wi th a s te r i l e p ro trud i n gb ra c t a n d 1- 2 fe r t i l e b ra c ts ; i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s e l o ng a te d , nea r l y q u a d ra ng u l a r

,

w i de l y S p rea d i ng 3- 5 mm . l o n g . See d s g l o bu l a r , 5-6 mm . l o n g by -5 mm . w i de ,

w i t h a sma l l c re s t .

I n do ne s i a : E . Bo rneo ; Ce l e be s ; New G u i ne a , 780- 2350 m. .

D . V I EI LLARDI I ( Pa r l . ) De La u b . V i e i l l a rd Dacryberryodocarpus viei llardi i P a r l

A a symme tr i c a l tre e 12- 25 m . ta l l , wi t h a na rrow c rown . Ba rk ha rd , g ray - b rownto red, s ca l y , w i t h s c a t te re d l e n t i ce l s . Bra n c he s ho r i zo n ta l , fo l i a ge f i ne a n dd i mo rp h i c . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s 2- ra n ke d , f l a t te ne d , d i s t i c ho u s , 10 mm . l o n g by 1 mm .

w i de , s prea d i ng , a c u te wi t h a m i n u te u p t u rne d S p i ne . A d u l t l e a ve s a c i c u l a r ,

s p i ra l l y a rra nge d , S p rea d i n g , o ve r l a p p i n g , g l a u c o u s , l o o s e l y a r ra nge d , no nd i s t i c ho u s , s c a l e - l i ke , 2-4 mm . l o n g by mm. w i de , w i t h a m i n u te s p i neo n t he i nc u rv e d a pe x . Ma l e co ne l a te ra l , s u b te n de d by a s ho r t s ca l y s ta l k

,

co ne 7- 12 mm . l o n g by 1 nun w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a ng u l a r a n d a c u te . Fema l eco ne o n a l a te ra l o r te rm i n a l s c a l y bra n c h l e t 6-8 mm . l o n g ; rece p ta c l e 2 - 3 mm .

l o n g , w i t h o ne p ro j e c t i ng s te r i l e b ra c t ; i n vo l u c ral l ea ve s s p rea d i ng, 6- 10 a t

the ba s e o f the c o ne , 1- 2 mm . l o n g , kee l e d , a c u te . Seed o v a l o r g l o b u l a r,

-6 mm . l o n g by 4 mm . wi de , w i t h a b l u n t do u b l e c re s t .

S . New Ca l e do n i a : ty pe ne a r Pa i ta , 200-800 m. .

DAC R Y D I UM So l a nd . ( Po doc a rpa c eae )

A g e n u s o f 26 S pe c i e s o c c u r i n g ma i n l y i n s u b t ro p i c a l re g i o n s i n S . E . A s i a toAu s t ra l a s i a a n d i n W . So u th Ame r i c a . D i oe c i o u s , ra re l y mo noe c i o u s ( New Zea l a n dS pec i e s ) . Bu d s i nc o n s p i c uo u s . J u ve n i l e fo l i a ge nee d l e - l i ke , S i m i l a r toDa c r c a r u s , fa l c a te , s c a rce l y d i s t i ng u i s h a b l e from the a d u l t fo l i a g e i n s omeS pe c i e s . Ad u l t l e a v e s u s u a l l y w i t h re s i n d u c t s , a p pre s se d , s ha rp l y kee l e d ,

s ca l e - l i ke o r nee d l e - l i ke a nd s p rea d i n g , s p i ra l l y a rra nge d . Ma l e c o ne s i n a x i l so f u p pe r l e a ve s , o b l o ng - cy l i n d r i ca l . Fema l e co ne s bo rne e re c t , a x i l l a ry , a t t i p so f b ra n c h l e ts , s ome t i me s nea r l y h i d de n by t he fo l i a g e ; bra c ts s ca rce l y d i ffe re n tfrom the fo l i a g e l e a ve s , re dd i s h ; o v u l e sea te d i n a ba s a l c u p - s ha pe d a r i l .

Po l l e n g ra i n s w i ng e d . See d s u s ua l l y o b l i q ue to t he co ne a x i s , proj e c t i ng beyo n da memb ra neo u s epimatium, compre s s e d , kee l e d l a te ra l ly , o ne pe r cone ,ovoid,

w i n g l e s s ; m i c ro py l e s ho r t a nd b l u n t .

D ARAUCARI OI DES Bro n g . et Gri seb. Ara u ca r i a - l e a f Da c ryd i umD . arthrotaxoides C a rr .

A sma l l tree 3-8 m . ta l l , w i t h a c a n de l a bra - l i ke c rown . Ba rk f i bro u s ,

b rown , s c a l y , w i t h l e n t i ce l s . Bra n c he s erect , fasti giate . Bra nc h l e ts s h o r t , th i c k ,

cy l i nd r i c a l , 4 -6 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l i nea r , e re c t o r s l i g h t l ys prea d i ng , to cm . l o ng , a pex i ncu rved . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , l i nea r- o b l o n g

,

i mbr i ca te , 3- 5 1nn. l o ng by mm . w i de , de n s e l y o ve r l a p p i ng i n ma ny rows ,

70 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

r i g i d , s tro n g l y c u rv ed , ke e l e d , a pex o b t u s e a nd free . Ma l e c o ne s tenni nal ,o b l o n g

cy l i n d r i c , 9- 18 mm . l o n g by 2 - 3 mm . w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l o ng l y t r i a ng u l a r .

Fema l e c o ne s te rm i na l o n b ra n c h l e ts 3 mm . l o n g , bec om i n g p u rp l i s h a n d f l e s hya t ma tu r i ty . Se e d s 1- 3 pe r co ne , o vo i d , 7-8 mm . l o n g , a pex o b t u s e .

New Ca l e do n i a : ea s te rn a nd s o u the r n coa s t s , type ne a r Ca n a l a , 150- 1000 m. .

D . BALANSAE Bro n g . et Gri seb. Ba l a n s a Da c ryd i um

A t ree 4 - 12 m . ta l l , w i t h a s c e n d i n g fa s t i g i a te b ra n c he s . Ba rk f i b ro u s , b re a k i n gi n to brown p l a te s w i t h n ume ro u s l e n t i c e l s . f i n a l l y tu rn i ng g ray . Bra n c h e s de n s e

,

w i th s p rea d i n g bra nc h l e t s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 13 mm . l o n g , nee d l e - l i k e , a c u te .

Ad u l t l ea ve s s c a l e - l i ke , na rrow l y l a n ceo l a te , 3 mm. l o n g by 1- 2 mn.

*wide ,

kee l e d , t h i c k , r i g i d , a rra nge d i n ma ny rows , de n se l y o ve r l a p p i n g,g l a u co u s

,

a pex i n c u rve d . Ma l e c o ne s o l i ta ry o r i n pa i rs , cy l i n d r i ca l , 8- 15 am. l o ng by 2

mm . w i de , w i t h tr i a ng u l a r m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s . Fema l e c o ne w i t h 1- 2 e l o n g a te d s c a l e s ,

-4 mm . l o ng . See d s re dd i s h , o vo i d , comp re s s ed , kee l e d , to 5 mm . l o n g,a pe x

o b t u s e .

New C a l ed o n i a : l o c a l , ty pe nea r Bo u ra i l , 10- 900 m. .

D BECCARI I Pa r l . Be c c a r Da c ry d i umD . beccari i v a r . subelatum Co rn .

A s h ru b 3- 4 m . ta l l , o r a n umb re l l a - s ha pe d tree to 35 m . ta l l a n d to 7 m . i ng i r th . Ba r k smoo th , g ray , f i s s u re d , i n ne r- ba rk b rown . B ra n c he s e re c t , b u s hy .

J u v e n i l e l e a ve s 8- 20 mm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve s c rowde d , c u rve d , S ha rp - po i n ted ,

nee d l e - l i ke , 5-10 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , kee l e d , tr i a n g u l a r o r q u a d ra n g u l ari n t he c ro s s - s e c t i o n . Ma l e co ne o vo i d , 2 cm . l o n g by 5- 7

’

nnu w i de , l a te ra lo r o n

,a S h o rt te rm i na l b ra nc h l e t ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a n ceo l a te . Fema l e co ne

te rm i na l o r l a te ra l ; c u p u l e smoo t h , re d ; bra c t s l o n g e r tha n the l e a ve s . See d ss o l i ta ry o r i n p a i rs , b ro a d l y o vo i d , 4 nnn l o n g , we l l ex po se d a t ma t u r i ty .

Ma l ay s i a ; P h i l i pp i ne s ; I ndo ne s i a ; New G u i n ea to So l omo n I s l a n d s , 600- 1676 m. .

D COL E N SO I Hoo k . Co l e n s o Da c ryd i umLag a ro s t ro b u s c o l e n s o i ( Hoo k . ) Qu i n n

A co n i c a l tre e 12- 18 m . ta l l , 1- 2 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a re l a t i ve l y s tra i g h ttru n k . Ba r k s c a l y , f i b ro u s , b l a c k i s h o r p u rp l e i n te rn a l l y , b rown ex te rn a l l yJ u ve n i l e bra nc h l e ts s l e n de r , 1 nun i n d i ame te r . Ad u l t bra n c h l e t s co rd - l i ke ,

q u a d ra ng u l a r . J u ve n i l e l e a v e s l a x , s pre a d i ng , l i ne a r , s e s s i l e , 6- 30 mm . l o n g ,

pe r s i s te n t . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , de n se l y o ve r l a p p i ng , c l o s e l y p re s s e d ,

mm . l o ng , l e a the ry , o b tu s e , kee l e d , a pex o fte n i nc u rve d . Ma l e co ne ss o l i ta ry , tenninal , 3- 4 mm. l o n g ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a ng u l a r , n ume ro u s . Fema l eco ne a t t i p s o f bra nc h l e t s , s o l i ta ry o r i n p a i r s o f 2- 3 , c u p u l e wh i te . See d s1- 3 , mm. l o ng , o b l o ng , o b tu se , o f see d e nc l o s e d by the c u p u l e .

New Zea l a nd : W . No r t h I s l a n d a nd i n We s t l a nd , So u t h I s l a nd , 1219- 1830 m. .

D . COMOS UM Co rne r Ma l aya n Da cryd i um

A tree 4 - 12 m . ta l l , de n se l y b ra nc he d , c rown umb re l l a - s ha ped . Ba rk i n sma l lf l a ke s , re d- b rown . Fo l i a g e bra nc he s bu s hy , de n se l y l e afy , b ra n c h l e ts sq u i rre lta i l - l i ke . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s u p to 33 mm . l o ng . Ad u l t l ea ve s nee d l e - l i k e ,

pro g re s s i ve l y a t te n ua te , s p re a d i n g a t a n a ng l e , l a n ceo l a te - p u ng e n t , d i s t i n c t l yf l a t te ne d , 12- 20 mm. l o ng by - l . 3 rrm. w i de , i n c u rved nea r t he ba s e . Microspo

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 71

rophyl ls o f ma l e co ne s e l o n g a ted a nd l a n ceo l a te . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho rt l a te ra lbra n c h l e t , o f te n w i th 2 s ee d s , c u p u l e smoo t h o r s l i g h t l y re t i c u l a te . Se e d s 4 - 5mm . l o n g .

Ma l ay s i a : Ma l aya ; Pa ha n g a n d Se l a n go r , 1200- 2000 m. .

D CORNWALLI I De La u b . W i s s e l o r Co r nwa l l Da c ryd i umD . nidulum v a r . araucarioides De L a u b .

A tre e w i t h g ray - b rown , f l a ky ba r k . B ra n c h l e ts de n s e l y clothed, in a U - l i kepa t te rn . Le a ve s A ra u ca r i a - l i ke s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d i n s e t s , c rowde d , i mb r i c a te ,

a c u te , a pe x i n c u r ve d , do rs a l s u r fa ce ro u nde d a n d e x po s e d ,- 3 mm . l o ng by

w i de , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t . Ma l e c o ne w i t h tr i a ng u l a r m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s ,

a pe x no n - e l o n g a te d , o n l y S l i g h t l y i mbr i ca te . Fema l e co ne g re e n the n o ra ngered ; i nvo l u c ra l l ea ve s to 3 mm. l o n g See d s brown , o vo i d , 4 mm . l o n g bynnu wi de , a pe x f l a t te ne d .

New G u i ne a type from ne a r W i s s e l L a ke , 750- 2770 m. .

D . C UP R E S S I N UM So l . e x Fo rs t . R i mu Da c ryd i um

A tree to 50 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a pyram i da l c rown whe n yo u n g,

be com i n g ro u nd - to pped whe n ma t u re . Tr u n k c l e a r o f b ra nc he s fo r 12 - 15 m . Ba rkda rk re d - brown o r g ray , s c a l y , i n ne r - ba r k red . B ra n c h e s l o n g a nd pe nde n t .

J u ve n i l e l e a v e s l oo s e l y a rra n ge d , aw l - s h a ped , da r k g ree n , l i ne a r , 4 -6 mm . l o ngby - 1 mm . w i de , S pre a d i ng , de c u rre n t , g ra d u a l l y c h a ng i ng to t he a d u l t fonn.

Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , l i ne a r , s h a rp po i n te d , ye l l ow - g ree n , 2 - 3 mm . l o ng ,

kee l e d o n ba c k , a pe x o b t u s e a nd i n c u rve d . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne te rm i na l , 1- 2

pe r c l u s te r , g ree n , a t t i p s o f s ho r t s u b te rm i na l bra n c h l e ts , 5- 10 mm . l o n g ;m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a n ce o l a te . Fema l e c o ne a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e ts , s o l i ta ry ,

re d . curved, erect , bra c ts o c ca s i o n a l l y e n l a rg ed , epimatiummemb ra neo u s . See d ss o l i ta ry , o vo i d , 3- 4 mm . l o n g , da r k brown o r b l a c k , s l i g h t l y comp re s s ed .

New Ze a l a n d : C . No r th I s l a n d a n d W . So u t h I s l a nd , s c a t te re d , to 800 m. .

D . E LATUM ( Ro x b . ) Wa l l i c h J u n g h u h n Da c ryd i um

A pyram i da l tree to 40 m . ta l l , w i t h de n s e , e re c t bra n c he s , be com i n g ro u ndto p pe d wi t h a g e . Ba r k re d d i s h - brown , fu rrowe d , f l a ky . Bra n c h l e ts co rd - l i ke ,

1- 2 mm. i n d i ame te r , pe n de n t . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s s p re a d i n g , dee p l y g roo ve d ,

a c i c u l a r , to 12 mm . long .Adu1t l e a ve s i mbr i c a te , de n s e l y o ve r l a pp i ng , a c u te ,

s ha rp l y kee l e d , 1 mm. l o ng by rrm. w i de , a pe x o b tu s e o r m i n u te l ypo i n te d . Ma l e co ne o n a s h o r t l a te ra l bra nc h l e t , cy l i nd r i c a l , 4 -5 mm . l o n g by

rrm. w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r , a c u te . Fema l e co ne s ca tte red o ns i de s o f fe r t i l e b ra nc h l e t s , te rm i na l , b ra c t s o f co ne s becom i ng s l i g h t l ye n l a rge d , red , c u pu l e re t i c u l a te . See d s s o l i ta ry , ne a r l y e re c t , o vo i d ,

4 mm . l o n g , a pe x o b tu s e .

Tha i l a nd to V i e t nam ; Ma l ay s i a ; P h i l i p p i ne s ; I ndo ne s i a , 500- 1700 m. .

2 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

D . ERI CIOI DES De La u b . Meruong Da c ryd i um

A tree to 17 m . ta l l , w i th d roo p i n g b ra nc h l e t s . Le a ve s l i nea r , s t ra i g h t , s p rea do u t mo re o r l e s s pe rpe nd i c u l a r to t he b ra nc h l e t e x ce p t o n new g rowt h , na rrow i nga br u p t l y to a n a p i c u l a te a pe x , 5- 10 mm . l o ng by - 1 mm . w i de , nun th i c k ,

kee l e d do rs a l l y . S t ro b i l i u s u a l l y l a te ra l ; ma l e 7- 10 mm . l o n g , 2 um. i nd i ame te r , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s w i t h a S p u r l rrm. l o n g .

Ma l ays i a : S a rawa k ; Mt . D u l i t a n d Meroung P l a te a u ; I n do ne s i a : Bo rne o , 1036

1500 m. .

D . FONK I I ( P h i l . ) Be n th . et Hoo k . f . C h i l e a n Da c ryd i umepidothamnus fonki i P h i l i p p i

A s h r u b to 30 cm . h i g h , u s u a l l y cm . h i g h , w i th de n s e , s ho rt , e re c tbra n c he s . Ba r k da r k b rown , w i th few s c a l e s . Bra n c he s o fte n roo t i n g o n t he g ro u n da nd re p ro d u c i ng new p l a n t s . B ra n c h l e ts l o n g , j o i n t - l i ke , wh i p - l i ke . J u ve n i l el e a ve s tr i a ng u l a r , de c u rre n t , s omewh a t d i s t i c ho u s . Ad u l t l ea ve s s ca l e - l i ke ,

i mb r i c a te , k ee l e d o n th e ba c k , a pe x b l u n t a nd i n c u rve d , l - l . 5 nnn l o n g by - l

NHL unde . Ma l e co ne s h i d de n by the fo l i a ge ; po l l e n g ra i n s 36- 38 m i c ro n s i nd i ame te r . Fema l e co ne w i t h a n epimatiumw i th t h e s c a l e s , 6 mm . l o n g , c r i ms o n .

See d s a t a pe x o f s ho r t s ca l y b ra n c h l e t s , o vo i d , smoo t h , 2 mm . l o n g , o ra n ge .

S . C h i l e : Va l d i v i a a n d the Co rd i l l e ra Pellado, to C h i l oe I s l a n d , to 2000 m .

D F RAN KL I N I I Hoo k . f . Huo n Da c ryd i umLa ga ro s tro b u s fra n k l i n i i ( Hoo k . f . ) Qu i n n

A py ram i d a l t ree 20- 30 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a de n s e c rown o ff i ne , s l e n de r , pe n de n t bra n c he s . S u rp r i s i ng l y see d l i n g s ha ve no true j u ve n i l efo rm o f l e a v e s . L ea ve s sma l l , s ca l e - l i ke , 1 mm . l o n g , c l o s e l y p re s se d , da r kg ree n , b l u n t a nd co nc a ve , s tro n g l y kee l e d , C up re s s u s - l i ke , w i t h s c a t te redwh i te s toma ta o n the do rs a l s i de . Ma l e co ne w i t h 12 - 15 s tame n s ; po l l e n g ra i n s26- 38 m i c ro n s i n d i ame te r . Fema l e co ne s ve ry sma l l , a t a pe x o f b ra nc h l e ts , ea c hco ne w i th 4 -8 s c a l e s . See d s g l o bo s e , th i c k , 2 flflh i n d i ame te r , w i th a c u p u l ea n a a f i ne , membra ne o u s ba se .

A u s tra l i a : Ta sma n i a , s o u the rn a n d we s te rn coa s ts , 91-700 m. .

D . GI BBSIAE S ta p f . G i b b s Da c ryd i um- D . beccari i v a r . kinabaluense Co r ne r

A tree to 12 m . ta l l , w i t h ma ny b ra nc he s . Bra n c h l e t s co rd - l i ke , d i mo rp h i c ,

to 8 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s a c i cu l a r , l . 2 - 2 cm . l o n g , s p re a d i ng ,

S l i g h t l y fa l c a te . Ad u l t l e a ve s i mb r i ca te , d i s t i n c t l y f l a tte ne d , a c u te , 5-7 mm .

l o n g by l - l . 3 mm . w i de , r i g i d , kee l e d , i nc u rved . Ma l e co ne s tenninal o r l a te ra l ,

cy l i n d r i c a l , 2 cm . l o ng by 5-7 mm . w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a nceo l a te .

Fema l e co ne te rm i na l , o n a ve ry s ho r t l a te ra l bra nc h l e t , w i th 1- 2 fe rt i l ebra c ts , c u p u l e re dd i s h . See d s nea r l y e re c t , s u rro u n de d bu t s p re a d i ng a pa rtfrom the i nvo l u c ra l l e a ve s , o va l , mm. l o ng .

Ma l ay s i a : Sa rawa k , Mo u n t K i na ba l u , 1500- 3300 m. .

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74 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS VI I I 1986

D . L E PTOP H Y L L UM (Was sch. ) De La u b . Go l i a t h Da c ryd i umPo do carp u s l e p top h y l l a Was sch.

A tree w i t h s l e n de r , e re c t , f i l i fo rm b ra nc he s . B ra n c h l e ts - 4 mm . i nd i ame te r . Yo u n g b ra n c he s nea r l y ho r i zo n ta l . Le a ve s a d p re s s e d , n a rrow l y aw ls ha pe d , do rs i ve n t ra l l y f l a t te ne d , s h a rp l y a c u te o r a c um i na te , 2 - 3 mm . l o n gby mm . w i de , s l i g h t l y k ee l e d be l ow . Fema l e co ne w i t h do rs i ve n tra l l yf l a t te ne d i n vo l u c ra l l e a v e s 2 - 3 mm . l o n g .

N.W. New Gu i nea : W . I r i a n , Mo u n t Go l i a t h , to 3000 m. .

D . L Y C OPO D I O I DE S Bro n g . et Gri seb. Mo u Da c ryd i um

A g ra ce fu l fa s t i g i a te tre e 9- 25 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s e rec t bra n c he s . Ba r kf i b ro u s , brown , p l a te - l i k e , w i t h n ume ro u s sma l l l e n t i ce l s . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s f i l i fo rm ,

to 1 cm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve s nee d l e - l i k e , f l a t te ne d , na rrow l y l a n ceo l a te , 3

mm . l o n g , r i g i d , ke e l e d , s h a rp l y po i n te d , tw i s te d , a c u te , de n s e l y a rra n ged . Ma l ec o ne te rm i n a l , cy l i nd r i c a l , 4 - 7 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l st r i a n g u l a r . Fema l e co ne te rm i na l , o n a s ho r t bra nc h l e t , c u p u l e a t ba s e o fco ne , a pe x o f c o n e w i t h a be a k . Seed o vo i d , c ho co l a te - b rown , 3 mm . l o n g ,

a pe x o b t u se .

S . E . New Ca l e do n i a : Mo u n t Mo u a n d Mo u n t Humbo l d t , 800- 1400 m

D . MAGN UM De L a u b . Ob i Da c ryd i um= D . beccari v a r . rude n s De La u b .

A tre e to 30 m . ta l l , de n s e l y b ra n c he d . B ra n c h l e ts 6-7 mm . i n d i ame te r .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 17 mm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve s s p re a d i ng , r i g i d , a c i c u l a r , nee d l e1i ke , a c u te , fa l c a te , kee l e d do r s a l l y , 4 -6 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , s p i ra l l ya rra nged , i n c u rved , t i p s no t e x po se d . Fe rt i l e b ra n c h l e t s h a ve u n red u ced l e a ve s ,

s l e nde r bra c ts , no n - f l a t te ne d , l e s s t h a n ha l f as w i de . Fema l e c o ne o n t i p so f bra n c h l e ts , w i th s ho r t i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s s u rro u nd i n g a s o l i ta ry s ee d . Seedto 5 mm . l o n g , s u rro u nded by s l e n de r b ra c ts no l o n ge r tha n t he fo l i a ge l e a ve s .

I ndo ne s i a : Mo l u c ca s : Ob i I s l a n d a nd S u de s t I s l a n d , 500-600 m. .

D . ME D I UM De La u b . Pa h a ng Da c ryd i um

A s h ru b o r tre e 1- 20 m . ta l l , de n se l y b ra n c he d . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s a c i c u l a r ,

to 20 mm . l o ng . Ad u l t l e a ve s ro bu s t , a p i c u l a te , de n s e , 3-8 m . l o n g bynnu w i de . S ho r t fe r t i l e bra nc h l e t s a re o n l y s l i g h t l y mo d i f i e d from the fo l i a g eb ra n c he s . Ma l e co ne s te rm i na l o r l a tera l , cy l i n d r i ca l , 7-9 nun l o n g by mm .

i n d i ame te r ; s c a l e s e l o ng a te d w i t h a l i nea r t i p beyo n d t he po l l e n s a c s , a pe x o fe l o nga ted t i p i s s h a rp l y i nc u rve d ma k i n g t i p a p pe a r ro u nde d a nd b l u n t . Fema l eco ne s o n s h o r t b ra nc h l e ts ; i nvo l u c ra l l e a ve s sma l l , a t ba s e o f a l o ng s ee d ,

2 - 3 mm . l o n g . See d pro tru d i n g , S inn. l o n g , s u b te n de d by a da rk re d c u p u l e .

Ma l ay s i a : Ma l aya ; I ndo ne s i a : Suma t ra , 975- 2600 m. .

D . NAUSORI ENSI S De La u b . Na u s o r i Da c ryd i um

A tree 12- 25 m . ta l l , de n se l y b ra n c he d . Ba rk i n th i c k fl a ke s , f i b ro u s , b rown ,

smoo t h , becom i ng g ray i s h , w i t h l e n t i c e l s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s a c i c u l a r , to 9 1nn.

l o n g , a bru p t l y c h a n g i ng to t he a d u l t fo rm . Adu l t l e a ve s sma l l , s p re a d i n g , a c u te ,

do rs a l l y kee l e d , de n s e , 1 mm. l o n g by nnu wdde . Ma l e c o ne s cy l i nd r i c a l ,

te rm i n a l o r l a te ra l , to mm. l o ng . Fema l e co ne s a t t i p s o f b ra nc h l e ts th a ta re s ho r t , i nvo l u c ra l l e a v e s to 2 mm. l o n g , c u p u l e p u rp l i s h o r brown i s h ,

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe ra e 75

becomin b l a c k . Se ed p ro tr u d i n g ,- 4 mm. l o n g , r i c h b rown , w i t h a s l i g h t ma rg i na l

k ee l .

F i j i : V i t u Le v u , Na u s o r i H i g h l a n d s ; Va n u a Le v u , Lamba s s a , Sa ra va , l20-600 m. .

D . NI DULUM De La u b . V o ge l k o p Da c ryd i um

A tree 6- 35 m . ta l l , l - 2 m . i n g i r t h . Ba r k brown , f l a ky , w i th l e n t i ce l s . Le a ve sd i s pe rs e d , ne e d l e - l i ke , l i ne a r , o b l i q ue , kee l e d , 2 -5 mm. l o n g by mm . w i de ,

s l i g h t l y i n c u rve d , b l u n t l y a c u te , tr i a n g u l a r i n the c ro s s - s e c t i o n . Ma l e co nete rm i na l , cy l i n d r i c a l , 9- l2 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a rw i th a n e l o n g a te d a pe x . Fema l e co ne a t t i ps o f b ra n c h l e ts , l i g h t g ree n tu rn i ngb rown , bra c t s o f co ne l o n ge r th a n the l e a ve s , kee l e d , l - 2 fe r t i l e b ra c t s a t thea pe x . Se ed s e re c t , r i s i n g a bo ve t he l e a ve s a t ma tu r i ty ,

-4 mm . l o n g , w i t h ap ro tru d i n g a pe x .

I ndo ne s i a : Ce l e be s , Mo l u c c a s , New Gu i n e a ; F i j i , 0- l800 m. .

D . NOVO - GU I N E E NS E G i b b s New G u i ne a Da c ryd i um

A tre e to 10 m . ta l l , w i th r i g i d , e re c t , a s c e n d i n g bra n c he s fonni ng a ro u nde dc rown . B ra n c h l e ts l - 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a v e s p l umo se , need l e - l i k e ,

a c i c u l a r , tr i a n g u l a r , l a n ceo l a te , c l o s e l y p re s s e d , kee l ed , 7 mm . l o n g by mm .

w i de , a b ru p t l y c ha ng i n g to t he a d u l t fo rm . Ad u l t l e a ve s i m br i c a te , s c a l e - l i ke ,

a c u te , s h a rp l y ke e l ed , l- l . 5 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de . Ma l e co ne te rm i na lo n s ho r t l a te ra l bra n c h l e t s , cy l i nd r i c a l , 8 mm . l o n g , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a rFema l e c o ne te rm i n a l , o n s ho r t c u rve d l a te ra l b ra n c h l e ts ; bra c t s l o n g a nds pre a d i ng , to 3 mm . l o n g , a t a pe x o f co ne , re d . See d s s o l i ta ry , a p i c a l , ne a r l ye re c t , we l l ex te n de d beyo n d bra c t s , bo rde rs s l i g h t l y kee l e d , 5 mm . l o n g , w i t h asma l l b l u n t a pe x .

I ndo ne s i a : Ce l e be s , Mo l u c c a s , New Gu i ne a , l l20- 2750 m. .

D PECTINATUM De La u b . C h i ne se Da c ryd i umD . pectinatum va r . ro b u s tum De L a u b .

A tree to 40 m . ta l l , de n s e l y b ra n c hed . Ba r k g ray o r re dd i s h , f i s s u re d .

Bra n c h l e t s w i t h wh i t i s h ba r k . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 20 mm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve ss ho r t , o b l i q ue , S p rea d i n g , nee d l e - l i ke , a s ce nd i ng , o pe n l y pe c t i na te , do r s a l l ykee l e d , 2-5 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , a pex s l i g h t l y i n c urve d . Ma l e co ne ste rm i na l , cy l i nd r i ca l , 9- l2 mm. l o ng by 2 mm. w i de , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l o n ga nd tr i a ng u l a r . Fema l e co ne a t t i p s o f b ra nc h l e t s , wi t h l- 2 fe r t i l e b ra c t s ,

bra c t s no t e ve n pa s s i ng the epimatiuma n d no l o n ge r t ha n the fo l i a g e l ea ve s ;c u p u l e red , s l i g h t l y c re s te d . See d to mm . l o ng .

C h i na : Ha i na n ; Ma l ay s i a ; P h i l i p p i ne s ; I n do ne s i a Bo rneo , lo00- l 4oo m. .

D . SPATHOI DES De La u b . I denberg Da c ryd i um

A tree to 34 m . ta l l . Ba r k b l a c k i s h , p l a te - l i k e . Le a ve s l i ne a r , ma rg i n spa ra l l e l , a pe x s u ba c u te , kee l e d do r s a l l y , s p rea d i ng , 4 -7 mm. l o ng by l - l . 2

mm. w i de . Ma l e co ne s cy l i n d r i ca l , l a te ra l , s u b te nde d a t the ba s e by sma l ls ca l e s , co ne lo mm . l o n g by mm. w i de , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a ng u l a r . Fema l eco ne a t t i p s o f bra nc h l e ts w i t h s ho r te ned fo l i a ge 2 mm. l o ng ; b ra c t s f l a t ,

co ve r ha l f o f t he see d ; i nvo l u c ra l l e a ve s to 3 mm. l o ng . Seed p ro tru d i ng ,

to 4 mm . l o ng .

I ndo ne s i a : New Gu i nea , I denberg R i ve r , S .N. Barn ha rd C amp , 2l50- 2200 m. .

PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

D . XANTHANDRUM Pi lg . Mo ro be Da c ryd i um

A t ree to 30 m . ta l l . Ba rk c ho c o l a te b rown o r re dd i s h , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i c ks c a l e s , w i t h l e n t i c e l s . Bra n c he s s to u t a nd e re c t . Lea ve s nee d l e - l i ke , s p rea d i n go b l i q u e l y , na rrow l y l i ne a r l a n c eo l a te , s l i g h t l y i nc u rve d , 6- l0 mm. l o n g bymm . w i de , no t c rowde d , a c u te , f l a t te ne d , kee l e d . Ma l e c o ne s l a te ra l o r te rm i na l ,

s u b te nded by s e ve ra l re d u c e d l e a ve s , o va l to cy l i nd r i c a l , 5- l3 mm. l o n g ;m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s na rrow l y tr i a n g u l a r to l a n c eo l a te . Fema l e c o ne te rm i na l , o n ave ry s ho r t l a te ra l bra n c h l e t ; fe r t i l e b ra c ts i n t he fo rm o f re d u ce d l e a ve s , no te x c ee d i ng the epimatium. See d s r i c h ta n , 2 - a n g l e d , 5 mm . l o ng , o vo i d , po i n te d ,

s l i g h t l y comp re s s e d , s omewha t p ro tru d i ng whe n ma tu re .

P h i l i p p i ne s ; I ndo ne s i a : S uma t ra , N. E . New Gu i ne a to So l omo n I s l a n d s , l80-600 m. .

DE C U S SOCA RP US De La u b . ( Po do c a rpa c ea e )

A ge n u s o f twe l ve s pe c i e s from s u b tro p i c a l a reas o r ra i n fo re s t , 0- 2000 m .

e l e va t i o n , from S . Afr i c a , S . E . A s i a to F i j i , a n d N. So u th Ame r i c a . B ra n c h l e tso p po s i te o r f l a t te ne d i n to o ne p l a ne . Bu d s a c u te , v i s i b l e , ofte n free f rom thel e a v e s . Le a ve s o va te to l a n c eo l a te , a l te rna te to o p po s i te , de c u s s a te o r nea r l yp i n na te , pa ra l l e l , f l a t te ned , w i t ho u t a c ce s s o ry tra n s fu s i o n t i s s ue , wi t h fewo r ma ny pa ra l l e l ne rve s , s toma ta s ome t i me s p re s e n t o n bo th s i de s , d i s t i c ho u s ,

amiphi stomati c , w i t h a hypo de rm . Ma l e co ne rem i n i s ce n t o f t he P i na cea e i n g e ne ra ls h a pe , te rm i n a l , s ome t i me s i n g ro u p s . Fema l e co ne p rod u c ed o n the e n d o f a s c a l el e a ve d bra n c h l e t o n a n a ke d pe d u n c l e , u s u a l l y l a c k i n g a swo l l e n ba s a l re ce pta c l e

,

c o ne o f te n de ta c he s w i t h t he fe r t i l e s hoo t . See d s g l o b u l a r w i th a c u rved bea k,

o ne pe r co ne , w i n g l e s s ; m i c ro py l a r e n d o f i n ve r ted s ee d ex te nd s d i s t i n c t l ydownwa rd .

D . COMPTONI I ( Bu c h h . ) De L a u b . C omp to n Decussoberry= Po do c a rp u s comptoni i B u c h h .

A tree l o - 30 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th . Ba rk g ray o r brown , f i s s u re d , s h re ddy .

Bra n c he s e re c t o r a s ce n d i ng . B ra n c h l e t s f l a tte ne d , p i n na te - l i k e . Fo l i a ge po l ymo rp h i c . J u ve n i l e l e a v e s d i s t i c ho u s , l a n ceo l a te , 3 cm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de , tw i s te da t t he ba se . Ad u l t l ea ve s o n ma i n bra n c h l e t s , a c u te , t r i a n g u l a r , o va te - e l l i p t i c ,

3-6 mm . l o n g o n o the r ma i n b ra n c h l e ts a n d l owe r pa r t s o f bra nc h l e ts , e l s ewhe rel a nceo l a te to e l l i p t i c , p i n na te o r de c u s s a te ,

- ls mm . l o n g by 2 -5 mm . w i de ,

m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te . Ma l e co ne a x i l l a ry , i n c l u s te rs o f 2-5,

s e s s i l e , te rm i na l , o vo i d , 4 - l2 mm. l o n g by - 3 mm. w i de , o n s ho r t l a te ra lb ra nc h l e t s . Fema l e co ne te rm i na l o r o n l a tera l bra n c h l e t s ; s u b te nde d by 3- 4 pa i r so f s te r i l e b ra c t s , t he u p pe r pa i r u n i te to fo rm a smoo t h g l o b u l a r cone . Seeds

g l o bo se o r o bo vo i d , re d , cm.

_long by l .8- 2 cm . w i de , w i t h a c re s t .

New Ca l edo n i a : local . type from Mo u n t Mo u , 750- 1450 m .

D . FA L CATUS ( Th u n b . ) De La u b . So u t h Afr i ca n Decussoberry= Po do c a rp u s fa l c a tu s Th u n b . ) R . B r . 9X

odocarpus a u s s wo l t z .

A tree l8-34 m . ta l l . Ba r k brown , th i n , ex fo l i a t i ng i n th i n s c a l e s .

Bra nc h l e t s de n s e , g re e n . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s s ca t te red , to cm . l o ng by 7 mm .

w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra nge d o r i n two o ppo s i te ra n k s , l .8-5 cm . l o n gby 2- 3 mm. w i de , na rrow , ta pe r i ng to a n a c u te a pex , pe t i o l e s ho rt a n d s l i g h t l y

tw i s ted m i d r i b p rom i ne n t . Ma l e c o n e u s u a l l y i n th re e s , 6-8 mm . l o n g by 2 mn.

w i de . Fema l e co ne w i th g l o bo s e se ed s , s o l i ta ry o r i n pa i r s , 6- l3 mm . w i de byl3- l9 mm . l o ng , w i t h a g l a u c o u s g re e n l ea t he ry c o ve r i n g , pe t i o l e 6- l3 mm . l o n g .

E th i o p i a ; Ke nya ; Ug a n da ; Mo z amb i q ue ; Be c h u a na l a n d , So u th Afr i c a , 400- 3000 m. .

D . FLEURYI ( H i c ke l ) De L a u b . F l e u ry Decus soberry— Podo c a rp u s fleuryi H i c ke l

A t ree to l o m . ta l l . B ud s l a rge , s c a l e s l a n ceo l a te , a c u te , e rec t . Lea ve sa c um i n a te , e l l i p t i c , l e a t he ry , o p po s i te , ta pe r i n g , hypo s toma t i c , wi t ho u t am i d r i b , 8- l8 cm . l o n g by — 5 cm . w i de , pe t i o l e ra the r s ho r t . Ma l e c o nel o n g a nd cy l i n d r i c a l , cm . l o n g by 4 mm . w i de , s c a l e s kee l e d ; m i c ro s po ro p hyl l ssma l l , tr i a n g u l a r , a c u te . Fema l e c o ne l5- 20 mm . l o n g ; o v u l e i n ve r te d ; epimatiumd ry , no ne- f l e s hy ; pe d u n c l e s c a l y . See d s g l o bu l a r , l5- l8 mm . w i de .

S . C h i n a : Kwa ng tu ng ; N . V i e t nam : To n k i n , l300- l400 m. .

D MANNI I ( Hoo k . ) De La u b . Ma n n Decus soberryPo do c a rp u s dawe i S ta p f . , Po do c a rp u s manni i Hoo k .

A tre e l0- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h de n s e , s ho r t , a s c e nd i ng bra nc he s . Yo u ng p l a n t s w i t hl oo s e l y d i s po s e d bra n c h l e t s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l0 . 2- l5. 3 cm . l o ng by 6 mm . w i de .

Ad u l t l e a v e s s p i ra l l y a r ra ng ed , l . 3 cm . l o n g by 3- ll mm . w i de , l i ne a r o rnea r l y fa l c a te , w i t h a m i d r i b , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l e u s u a l l y a b s e n t . Ma l eco ne s o l i ta ry o r i n pa i rs , cy l i n d r i c a l , to cm . l o n g , u n s ta l ke d ; mi crosporophylls l a rge l y tr i a ng u l a r . Fema l e c o ne o n a s ho rt few- l e a ve d bra n c h l e t cm .

l o n g , s e s s i l e , te rm i n a l , w i t h l - 2 re c u rve d b ra c t s . Seed s s o l i ta ry , pyr i fo rm , 3- 4

cm . l o n g by 4 -7 mm . w i de , n a rrowe d a t t he ba s e , pe t i o l e u s u a l l y a b s e n t .

Ga bo n ; Came roo n ; Co n go ; Za i re ; Ug a n da ; Rwa nd a ; Ta ng a ny i ka , 400- 2500 m. .

D . MA X I MU S De La u b . I ndo ne s i a n Decus soberry

A sma l l tree to m . ta l l . B u d s sma l l , a c um i na te . Le a ve s de c u s s a te , e l l i p t i c ,

amp h i s toma t i c , a c um i n a te , f l a t te ned , w i tho u t a m i d r i b , 20- 34 cm . l o n g by 6- 9 cm .

w i de , ba s e ro u nded , pe t i o l e s ho r t a nd na rrow . Fema l e co ne o n a x i l l a ry bra nc h l e t sl2 mm . l o ng , bra n c h l e t fa l l i ng o ff w i t h the c o ne . See d s bo r ne o n a bra nc h l e ttha t i s no t f l e s hy , s eed g l o bo s e , l6- 18 mm . i n d i ame te r .

I n do ne s i a : Sa rawa k , S i b u , l ow swampy a re a s .

D . M I NOR ( Ca rr . ) De L a u b . Ar na u d Decussoberry=£9ggggrggs minor (Carr . ) Po do c a rp u s pa l u s t r i s B u c h h .

A s h ru b o r sma l l tree 2- 3 m . ta l l . T ru n k o fte n wi t h a swo l l e n ba se whe ng row i ng i n s h a l l ow wa te r ( a rheophyte) . Ba r k f i s s u re d , d a rk brown o r g ray . Bra n c he sa s ce nd i n g . Fo l i a g e po l ymo rp h i c . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s d i s t i c ho u s ,

-4 cm . l o ng by 3- 4

mm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s o n ma i n bra n c h l e t s t r i a n g u l a r-o b tu se , 1 mm . l o ng , o fte ndec i d uo u s ; be com i ng e l l i p t i c a n d u p to 4 nnn l o ng ; fo l i a ge l ea ve s o n s ho r tbra nc h l e ts , dec u s s a te , a s ce nd i ng o b l i q ue l y i n 4 ve r t i c a l ra n k s , ov a l to e l l i p t i c ,

o b t u s e , l -2 cm . l o ng by mm . w i de , w i tho u t a m i d r i b , ba se de c u rre n t , Ma l eco ne s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s o f 3- 5, 5-8 mm . l o n g by - 3 mm . w i de , te rm i na l o n l e a fs ho rt bra n c h l e t s , pe d u nc l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Fema l e co ne te rmi na l o n l a te ra lbra nc h l e ts , w i t h 3-4 pa i r s o f de c u s s a te bra c t s . See d s g l o b u l a r , wi th a po i n te da pex , redd i s h , o b l i q ue l y pyr i fo rm , cm . l o n g by cm . wi de , w i t h a c u rve dc re s t .

S . New Ca l e do n i a : type from ne a r La ke Arn a u d , to 200 m. .

78 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

D . MDTLEYI ( Pa r l . ) De La u b . Mo t l ey Decussoberryodocarpus beccari i Po do c a rp u s motleyi ( Pa r l . ) Dunnu

A co n i c a l tree to 40 m . ta l l , to 90 cm . i n g i r t h . Ba r k d a rk b rown , s c a l y o rp l a te - l i k e , re s i no u s . B u d s c ompa c t , 3-5 mm . l o n g , s c a l e s l a n ceo l a te . Le a ve so p po s i te o r s u bo p po s i te , o ve r l a p p i n g , d i s t i c ho u s , e l l i p t i c , a c um i na te , 3 cm .

l o n g by l . 5 cm . w i de , w i t ho u t a m i d r i b , pe t i o l e s ho r t a n d b ro a d 2 - 3 mm . l o n g .

Ma l e co ne cy l i n d r i c a l , a x i l l a ry , s e s s i l e , l . 5- 2 cm . l o n g by 5-6 mm . w i de ;m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a nc e o l a te , ke e l e d . Fema l e c o ne o n a pe d u n c l e 2 cm . l o n g ,

co ne w i t h 5- 9 s te r i l e b ra c t s , b r i g h t o r da r k g ree n w i t h a g l a u c o u s b l oom . Se edsmoo t h , g l o bo s e , l . 3- 2 cm . w i de , w i th a sma l l be a k .

5. Th a i l a nd ; Ma l ay s i a ; I n do ne s i a : S uma tra , Bo rneo , to 500 m. .

D NAG I ( Th u n b . ) De La u b . J a pa ne se DecussoberryPo doc a rp u s n a g i ( Th u n b . ) Pi lg .

A tree to 25 m . ta l l . Ba r k smoo t h , e x fo l i a t i n g , f l a ky , da rk b row n t u r n i n gg ray . B u d s l - 2 mm. l o n g , a c um i n a te , s c a l e s l o n g a n d l a nceo l a te . Le a ve s de c u s s a te ,

d i s t i c ho u s , hypo s toma t i c , mu l t i - ve i ned , a c um i n a te , wi t ho u t a m i d r i b ,- 5 cm .

l o n g by l0- 20 mm . w i de , da r k g ree n a bo ve , g l a u co u s u nde rnea th . Ma l e co ne l - 5 o na n a x i l l a ry s c a l y ped u n c l e 3- l0 mm . l o n g , cy l i n d r i c a l , l0- 20 1nn. l o n g ; mi crosporophylls a c um i na te , w i de l y s p re a d i ng . Fema l e c o ne b l u i s h - b l a c k , l e a t he ry s c a l e2 mm . t h i c k ; o ne to two s ee d s de ve l o p i ng from i nve rte d o v u l e s i n t he a x i l s o fs u b te rm i n a l b ra c t s , c omp l e te l y co v e re d by the s ee d s ca l e ; g l o b u l a r , e l o n g a te di n to a hoo ke d bea k a t the m i c ro py l a r e nd , pe d u n c l e 5- l0 mm . l o n g w i t h de c i d uo u sl a n ceo l a te s c a l e s . See d l2 - l3 mm. w i de by lS- l6 mm. l o n g .

S . J a p a n , to Ryu kyu I s l a n d s a nd Ta i wa n , to 800 m. .

D . NAG I v a r . FORMOSENSI S ( Dumme r ) S i l ba Ka n k ao DecussoberryDumme r , Po do c a rp u s koshunens i s ( Ka ne h . ) Ka ne h .

A tree to 50 m . ta l l , to 50 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h r i g i d bra n c he s . Ba r k da r kbrown o r g ray , s c a l y . B ra n c he s s ho r t . Le a ve s o p po s i te , de c u s s a te , n a rrow l ye l l i p t i c o r l a n c eo l a te e l l i p t i c , da r k g ree n , cm . l o n g by 7- l5 mm . w i de ,

w i t ho u t a m i dr i b ; a pe x o b tu se l y tru n c a te , b l a c ke ne d , u s u a l l y w i t ho u t a c u s p .

Ma l e co ne g l o bu l a r , i n g ro u p s o f 5— l0 . Fema l e c o ne o n a pe du nc l e to 7 mm .

l o ng . See d g l o bu l a r , smoo t h , l . 2 - l . 4 cm . w i de .

Ta i wa n : So u th Ca pe , Ka n ka o a nd Ko s h u n , to 762 m. .

D . PI RESI I S i l b a P i re s Decussoberry

A tre e to 30 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h . Pr i ma ry b ra n c he s a p pe a r i ng l5 m .

a bo ve t he ba s e o f the tru n k . Bra nc h l e t s f l a tte ne d . Le a ves o bo va te , b l u n t l ya c u te , ne a r l y p a ra l l e l to e a c h o the r ,

- ll rrm. l o n g by 2 - 3 rrm. w i de ,

m i d ve i n p rom i ne n t , g ree n w i t h g l a u c o u s s toma ta be l ow . Fema l e c o ne o b l o n g ,

wr i n k l e d , 2 cm . l o n g by - l . 2 cm . w i de , pe ca n - brown t i n te d red .

Bra z i l : Te rr i to r i o de Ro ndo n i a , Se rra Pa c a s No vo s , Se r i n ga l S a n L u i z ,

500-800 m. .

S i l ba , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 79

D . ROSPI GLIOSI I ( Pi lg . ) De La u b . Rospigl ios Decus soberry= Po do c a rp u s rospigl ios i i Pi lg .

A tree 30 - 45 m . ta l l . Ba r k smoo th , b l u i s h - b l a c k , s c a l y . B ra n c h l e t s f l a t te ne d.

B u d s n a k ed . Fo l i a g e de n se , p i n n a te - l i k e . Le a ve s 2 - ra n ke d , bro a d l y o va te - l a n ceo l a te,

o ppo s i te , ll - 22 mm . l o n g by — 5 mm . wide ,amphi stomatic , da r k g ree n , w i t hs toma ta o n bo t h s u rfa ce s , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te , ba s e dec u r re n t . Ma l e co n e s o l i ta ry

,

a x i l l a ry , i n g ro u p s o f 3- 5, o n s ho rt l a te ra l b ra n c h l e ts ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l si mb r i c a te . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t a x i l l a ry b ra nc h l e t l - l . 5 cm . l o n g ; o v u l es o l i ta ry , i nve r s e ; f l e s hy o u te r l aye r c re s te d , e d i b l e ; a pex w i t h a sma l l po i n t .

See d b l ue - b l a c k , t i n te d re d , s omewh a t g l o bo s e , 2- 3 cm . l o n g by l2 - 20 mm . w i de ,

c re s te d .

w . Ve n e z ue l a ; E . Co l umb i a a n d C . Pe ru , l700- 2600 m .

D . V I TI ENSI S ( Seem . ) De La u b . V i tu DecussoberryPQc arpus vi tiens i s Seem .

A tree l8- 43 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r t h , w i th a s pre a d i n g , c ompa c t c rown .

Tr u n k s ome t i me s buttres sed. Bark re d — b rown , f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s f l a t te ne d ,

de c u s s a te . B u d s g l o bo s e o r o v o i d ; s c a l e s o b tu se , l . 5- 2 mm . l o n g . J u ve n i l el ea v e s 4 cm . l o n g by 8 mm . w i de . A d u l t l e a ve s i n o p po s i te pa i rs , n a rrowl yl a n ceo l a te , l . 5- 3 cm . l o n g by 3 mm. wi de , s e s s i l e , b roa d l y decurrent ,mi dribprom i ne n t , a pe x o b tu s e , ba s e tw i s ted . Ma l e co ne s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s o f 2- 3 ,

cy l i n d r i c a l , o n l e a fy b ra n c h l e ts o r b ra c ted pe d u n c l e s , a x i l l a ry , co ne l . 2

cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e c one s o l i ta ry o ri n pa i rs , o n a pe d u n c l e 2 -8 mm . l o n g , s u b te nde d by 6- l0 pa i r s o f s c a l e - l i kel e a ve s ; o v u l e w i t h a bea k - l i ke a pe x . See d pea r- s ha ped , b l u i s h - re d , l . 3- l . 6 cm .

l o n g by 8- l0 rrm. w i de , o b l i q u e l y a t ta c he d to the ped u nc l e , a pex o b tu s e w i t h as h a rp o r c u rve d po i n t .

Ce l e be s ; New G u i ne a ; New Br i ta i n ; So l omo n I s lds . ; F i j i , 0- l800 m. .

D . WALLI CHIANUS ( P re s l . ) De La u b . Wa l l i c h Decus soberryodocarpus wall i chianus C . P re s l

A co n i c a l tree to 48 m . ta l l . Ba r k smoo th , brown o r ta n , p l a te - l i ke , w i t hl a rge l e n t i ce l s . B u d s co n i c a l , 2- 3 mm . l o n g , s c a l e s a c um i na te . J u ve n i l e l ea ve sto 23 cm . l o n g by 7 cm . w i de , g l a u co u s . Ad u l t l ea ve s de c u s s a te , fl ex i b l e ,

ne a r l y a l te rn a te , a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e ts , ov a te o r l a n ceo l a te - o va te , 9- l6

cm . l o ng by 3- 5 cm . w i de , pa l e g ree n , n a rrowe d a t t he a pex to a l o ng , f i nepo i n t , m i d r i b a b se n t , f l a t te ne d , w i t h nume ro u s pa ra l l e l ne rve s ; pe t i o l e 5- l omm . l o n g by 3- 4 mm. w i de , fl a t te ne d . Ma l e co ne l -7 o n a s c a l y a x i l l a rype d u n c l e 2- l0 mm . l o ng , cy l i nd r i c a l , co ne 8- 2l mm . l o ng by 5- 7 mm . w i de ,

m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a n ceo l a te . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n a ped u nc l e l- 2 cm .

l o n g , g ree n tu rn i n g b l a c k , w i t h 4 - 7 s te r i le bra c t s . See d smoo th , g l o bo s e ,

l . 5 cm . l o ng by l . 4 - l . 5 cm . w i de .

N. E . I nd i a ; I n do c h i n a ; Ma l ays i a ; I ndo ne s i a ; P h i l i p p i ne s , New G u i ne a ;New Br i ta i n , l00- 2l00 m. .

80 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

D I SELMA Hoo k . f . ( C u p re s s a ce ae )

A mo no typ i c g e n u s from w. Ta sma n i a . A d i oec i o u s s h ru b w i t h f i ne l y d i v i de d,

q u a d ra ng u l a r b ra n c h l e t sy s tems . B u d s i nc o n s p i c uo u s . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke,sma l l

,

o b tu s e , o ve r l a p p i n g , o fte n w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow . Ma l e co ne s tenninal ,

o b l o n g , w i t h 6- 8 s c a l e s , w i th 2 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e co ne s g l o bo se , w i t h 2 pa i rso f s c a l e s w i t h sma l l a p i c a l umbo s , u p pe r pa i r o f s c a l e s fe r t i l e w i t h 2 , 3-w i n g e ds eed s . Se ed s w i t h 3 n a r row e ve n w i n g s .

D . A RC HE R I Hoo k . f . Ta sma n i a n Di selma

A n e re c t s h ru b o r sma l l t ree 2 -8 m . ta l l , o f s p rea d i n g ha b i t , w i th a s tra g g l yo r compa c t c rown . Ba r k g ray - b rown to da r k g ray , s c a l y . B ra n c h l e t s f i ne l yd i v i de d , q u a d ra ng u l a r . Le a v e s s c a l e - l i ke , r i c h g ree n , newe r g rowt h re d d i s h ,

o p po s i te , c l o s e l y pre s s e d , o ve r l a p p i n g , l mm . l o n g , s ho r t l y kee l e d , ma rg i n smembra neo u s a n d n a r row be l ow , w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow , a pe x o b t u s e . Ma l e co nete rm i na l , o b l o n g , w i th 6-8 s c a l e s , po l l e n s a c s 2 . Fema l e c o ne g l o bo se , 8- l2

mm . w i de , w i t h 2 pa i r s o f s ca l e s w i t h sma l l a p i c a l umbo s , u p pe r pa i r o f s ca l e sfe r t i l e w i t h two th ree w i n g e d s ee d s , w i t h a l o n g ce n t ra l co l ume l l a . See d ss l i g h t l y l a rg e r tha n the s c a l e s , 2 mm. l o n g .

A u s tra l i a : N. Ta sma n i a , C ra d l e Mt . , L a ke Sa i n t C l a i r , l000- l350 m. .

FA LCAT I FO L I UM De L a u b . ( Podo c a rpa ce ae )

A ge n u s o f f i ve s pe c i e s from Ma l ay s i a to t he P h i l i p p i ne s a n d New Ca l e do n i a .

D i oeci o u s s h ru b s o r tree s mo re s i m i l a r to Po do c a rpu s t ha n Da c ryd i um . B u d sv i s i b l e , u s u a l l y free from the l e a ve s . Le a ve s d i s t i n c t l y s i c k l e - l i ke o rfa l c a te , b i l a te ra l l y f l a t te ne d , l i nea r , s p re a d i ng o u t d i s t i c ho u s l y , l a c k i ngva s c u l a r f i be r s , s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d . S tro b i l i p ro d u c e d o n s pe c i a l i ze d a x i l l a rybra n c h l e t s . Ma l e co ne s e l o ng a te d , mo re o r l e s s i n c l u s te rs , a n t he r- l i ke .

Fema l e co ne p rod u ced o n a c u rve d pe n de n t s c a l y ped u n c l e , a x i l l a ry , re ce p ta c l eo fte n h a v i ng a swo l l e n t ho rny ba s a l a p pe n da ge , c o ne red d i s h w i t h a s i n g l eo v u l e ; epimatium free o f the i n te g ume n t , w i t h a p ro no u n ce d h ump , pro j e c t i n gl a te ra l l y . Seed s w i ng l e s s .

F . ANGUSTUM De La u b . Sa rawa k S i c k l e - P i ne

A tree to 20 m . ta l l . Ba r k p u rp l i s h - b rown , i rre g u l a r l y f l a ky to s ca l y ,

tu r n i ng g ray . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s a c i c u l a r , a s t h i c k as w i de , l a n ceo l a te , fa l c a te ,

ba s e c u rv i n g o u twa rd l y , to 7 cm . l o n g , ba se l . 2 mm . t h i c k , a pe x c u rv i ngu pwa rd s . Ad u l t l e a ve s sma l l , c u rved o r s tra i g h t , na rrow , p u ng e n t , kee l e dl a te ra l l y , l8- 35 mm. l o ng by 2 mm. w i de . Ma l e co ne s te rm i n a l o r l a te ra l ,

o va te whe n yo u ng , 8 mm . l o ng by 2 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne s no t see n .

Ma l ay s i a : Sa rawa k , co a s ta l a rea s , B i n tu l u a nd Ku c h i n g , l20- 244 m. .

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82 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

F I T ZRO YA Hoo k . f ( C u pre s s a cea e )A mo n o typ i c ge n u s from C h i l e a n d A rg en t i na . A d i oe c i o u s t ree w i t h a n g l e d

b ra n c h l e ts . B u d s i n c o n s p i c uo u s . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , te r na te,g roo ve d a bo ve

,sma l l

,

de c u rre n t , b l u n t l y a c u te , l o o s e l y i mb r i c a te , w i th s u n ke n ba n d s o f s tomata .a pe x

pa r t i a l l y free a n d s pre a d i ng . S t rob i l i s ome t i me s mo noe c i o u s o r hennaphrodi ti c ,

he rma p h ro d i t i c s tro b i l i h a ve mo re n ume ro u s s c a l e s . Ma l e c o ne s cy l i n d r i c,s o l i ta ry

,

a x i l l a ry , w i th l5- 24 s c a l e s i n te rn a te who r l s . Fema l e co ne s g l o bo s e,ma t u r i n g i n

o n e yea r , w i th 9 s c a l e s i n 3 a l te rn a t i n g who r l s,l owe r pa i r o f s c a l e s s te r i l e

,

m i dd l e pa i r s ome t i me s fe r t i l e , u p pe r pa i r fe r t i l e . Se e d s 2-6 pe r s c a l e , s omew ha twa rty , w i t h 2- 3 na rrow , e ve n w i n g s .

F . C U PR ES SO I D E S ( Mo l i na ) Jo h n s to n Pa ta go n i a n F i tz roya

A s h r u b o r a symme tr i c a l tree l5- 55 m . ta l l , to lO m . i n g i r th . Ba r k dee pred d i s h - b rown , fu rrowe d , e x fo l i a t i n g i n l o n g s t r i ps . B ra n c he s f l e x i b l e , s l e nde r ,

pe nd e n t , tu rn i n g re dd i s h w i t h a ge . Le a ve s i n who r l s o f 3 , pe rs i s te n t , da r k g ree na bo ve a nd co n c a ve a bo ve , 2- 3 mm . l o n g , b l u n t l y a c u te , s p rea d i n g , kee l e d o n ba c k ,

w i th 2 s u n k e n wh i te ba n d s o f s toma ta o n ba c k , dec u rre n t , ba s e f l a t te ne d , pa rt i a l l yfree a nd s p re a d i n g , a pe x s omewha t i n c u rve d . Ma l e co n e s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry ,

cy l i n dr i ca l , wi t h l5- 24 s c a l e s i n who r l s o f 3 , w i t h 4 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e co neg l o bo s e , ma tu r i ng i n o ne yea r , re s i n o u s , fra g ra n t , w i t h 9 s c a l e s i n who r l s o f 3 ,

brown , 6- 7 mm. in d i ame te r , l owe r pa i r o f s ca l e s s te r i l e , s ca l e s w i t h sma l l t h i ncurved. umbos . See d s 2—3 pe r s ca l e , d a r k b rown , s omewh a t wa rty , w i t h 2- 3 n a rrowe ve n w i ng s . Co ty l e do n s 2 .

5. C h i l e : V a l d i v i a , w . L a U n i o n ; Arg e n t i na : P a ta go n i a , 500- l000 m. .

FOK I ENIA He n ry et Thoma s ( C u p re s s a ce ae )

A mo no typ i c g e n u s from S . E . A s i a . A mo noe c i o u s sma l l t ree w i t h f l a t te ne dbran c h l e t s . Bra n c h l e t s tr i p i n n a te , f l a tte ned i n o ne p l a ne a n d Th u j a - l i ke .

I n te r no de s l o n ge r o n o l de r b ra n c h l e ts . Bu d s i nc o n s p i c uo u s . J u ve n i l e fo l i a ges h a rp - po i n te d , mu c h f l a tte ne d , a c u te , s p rea d i ng , l a te ra l l ea ve s m u c h l a rge rtha n the fa c i a l l e a ve s , Ca l o c e d ru s - l i ke .Newer g rowt h re d d i s h . Ad u l t l ea ve s4 - ra n ke d , f l a tte ne d , b l u n t l y a c u te ; fa c i a l l e a ve s o b l a n ceo l a te , g roo ve da bo v e ; l a te ra l l e a v e s o va te , w i t h wh i te s toma ta l de pre s s i o n s be l ow , l a c k i n ga no t i ce a b l e g l a nd . Ma l e co ne cy l i n d r i c a l , w i t h 6- l0 s c a l e s . Fema l e co neg l o b u l a r , C h amae c ypa r i s - l i ke r i pe n i ng i n 2 ye a rs , o pe n i ng u po n ma tu r i ty ,

w i t h l2- l6 s c a l e s ; s c a l e s g roo ve d ne a r t he ba se w i th sma l l f i ne um bo s .

Se ed s 2 pe r fer t i l e s c a l e , a n g u l a r , po i n te d , w i t h 2 l a rge re s i n b l i s te r sa bo ve a nd be l ow , w i th 2 ve ry u ne q ua l w i n g s .

F . HODGINSI I ( Du n n . ) He n ry et Thoma s Ho dg i n s Fokienia

A s h ru b o r tree l5- l7 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r t h . B ra n c h l e t s f l a tte ne d ,

tr i p i n na te , Th u j a - l i ke , b ra nc h l e ts ta pe r i n g a bo ve . Yo u n g l ea ve s redd i s h a tf i r s t . Le a ve s i n 4 ra n k s , ve ry f l a t te ned , 7-8 mm . l o n g ; l a te ra l l ea ve s o va te ,

compre s s ed , s p re a d i n g , g ree n a bo ve w i th wh i te s toma ta l de p re s s i o n s be l ow ,

a pex ac u te ; fa c i a l l e a ve s o b l a n ceo l a te w i t h a tr i a ng u l a r a pe x , g roo ve da bo ve , to Z lnn. l o ng . Ma l e co ne cy l i nd r i ca l , 2- 3 mm. l o n g , w i th 6- lO s ca l e s .

Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , s u b g l o bo s e , ma tu r i ng i n 2 ye a rs , 2 cm .

l o ng by 5 rrm. w i de , w i t h l 2- l6 pe l ta te s c a l e s , s ca l e s g rooved ne a r t he ba se ,

S i l ba , E n cyc l o pae d i a C o n i fe ra e 83

s ca l e s w i t h sma l l t h i n umb o s . See d s 2 pe r s c a l e , 3- 4 a ng l e d , a c u te , o b tu s e a t t heba s e , w i t h prom i ne n t re s i n b l i s te rs , n u t to 4 mm . l o n g , w i th 2 u neq ua l w i n g s

,the

l a rg e r w i ng to 5 mm . l o n g a n d ro u n ded .

C h i na : C he k i a n g to Y u n na n ; N . V i e tnam : To n k i n ; L ao s , 600- 2000 m. .

G I N KGO L . ( G i n k go a c ea e )

A mo no typ i c g e n u s from S . C h i na . A de c i d u o u s , d i oe c i o u s o r ra re l y mo noe c i o u stree w i th d i s t i n c t co n i c a l b u d s a n d w i t h s ho r t s p u r - l i ke b ra n c h l e t s bea r i n gn ume ro u s l e a f s c a r s . B ra n c he s i r re g u l a r l y w ho r l e d , bra nc h l e t s h o r i zo n ta l o rs omewha t pe nde n t . Lea ve s a l te rna te o n ma i n b ra n c h l e ts , c l u s te re d i n who r l so f 3- 5 o n s i de b ra n c h l e ts o r s p u r s , f l a t te ne d , mu l t i —veined, fan- s h a pe d , twol o be d , too t he d o n the ma rg i n s ; s toma ta mo s t l y o n t he l owe r s u r fa ce , ra re l ya bo ve ; w i th l o ng pe t i o l e s . Ma l e s t ro b i l i o n s i de bra n c h l e ts , i n s h o rtra cemes , pe nde n t , i n g ro u p s o f 3-6. D i s t i n c t by i ts mo de o f fe rt i l i z a t i o n bymo t i l e ma l e spenns , a c ha ra c te r i s t i c s ha re d w i t h V a s c u l a r C ryp tog rams ( fe rn sa n d fern - l i ke p l a n ts ) . Fema l e co ne g l o bo s e , ma tu r i n g i n o ne yea r , o n a l o n gpe n de n t pe t i o l e o n s i de bra n c h l e t s , o v u l e c omp l e te l y co ve re d by a f l e s hyo ra ng e l e a the ry s c a l e , w i t h a d i s a g ree a b l e o do r whe n c ru s he d . See d o vo i dg l o b u l a r , o ne pe r co ne , t h i n - s he l l e d , w i n g l e s s .

G . B I LO BA L . C h i ne se G i n k go

A pyram i d a l tre e l5- 4O m . ta l l ,- 4 m . i n g i r t h , e ve n t u a l l y be com i ng

w i de - s p rea d i n g , w i t h a n i r re g u l a r s p i de r - l i ke c rown . Ba rk pa l e g ray , dee p l yfu rrowe d . B ra n c he s i rre g u l a r l y who r l ed . B ud s l i g h t b rown , broa d , f l a t ,

c o n i c a l , 6 mm . l o n g , w i th o va te s c a l e s . B ra n c h l e t s l i g h t b rown , smo o t h , w i t hma ny s p u r s o r s ho r t s i de b ra n c h l e t s be a r i ng c rowde d l e a f s ca rs . Le a ve s o dd l yfa n - s ha pe d , o fte n 2- l o bed , 3- 5 i n wh o r l s o n s p u rs o r a l te r na te , w i t h f i nepa ra l l e l l i ne s o r ve i n s , m i d v e i n a b se n t , too the d o n e n d s ,

- l2 cm . l o n g by4 - ll cm . w i de , d u l l l i g h t g ree n o n bo th s i de s , tu rn i n g ye l l ow i n t he a u tum n ,

o n pe t i o l e s 2 cm . l o n g . Ma l e s t ro b i l i to l9 mm . l o n g , th i c k , pa l eye l l ow , eme rge be fo re l e a ve s a re fu l l y de ve l o ped . Fema l e c o ne i n pa i rs o rso l i ta ry , o vo i d - g l o b u l a r , o n a ped unc l e 4 - 5 cm . l o n g , to 3 cm . l o n g , f l e s hy ,

pa l e o ra ng e , w i t h a d i s a g re e a b l e o do r . See d s o ne pe r co ne , to cm . l o n g ,

e l l i p t i c a l , pa l e ta n to ye l l ow i s h , w i th a po i n t a t t he a pe x .

S . C h i na : C he k i a n g ; Kwe i c how a nd Y u n na n , 40- 2000 m. .

GL Y PTOSTROBU S E nd l . ( Ta xod i a c e ae )

A mo no typ i c g e n u s from 5. C h i na . A d i oe c i o u s o r mo noec i o u s , de c i d uo u ss h ru b w i th po l ymo rp h i c fo l i a g e . Bra nc h l e t s a l te rn a te , l a te ra l bra nc h l e t sdec iduous . Buds u s u a l l y h i d de n by the l e a ve s o r i nco n s p i c uo u s . J u ve n i l efo l i a g e w i th fa l ca te , a l te r na te , a c i c u l a r , q u a d ra n g u l a r l e a ve s . S te r i l ebra nc h l e t s w i t h s omewh a t f l a t te ne d , nee d l e - l i ke l e a ve s d i s po s e d i n 2- 3ra n k s . Fe rt i l e bra n c h l e t s w i t h o b tu se , o ve r l a p p i n g , s ca l e - l i ke l e a ve s ,

w i t h n ume ro u s s toma ta . Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a s ca l y bra n c h l e t 3 m . l o n ga nd a s ca l y pe d u n c l e , i n l o n g ra ceme s 5- lO cm . l o n g , s o l i ta ry , g l o b u l a rat f i r s t , Ta xo d i um - l i ke ; w i t h o vo i d - o b tu s e o r a c u te , i n c u rve d , i mbr i c a tes ca l e s . Fema le co ne bo rne o n a l o n g s ca l y ped u nc l e , u s u a l l y somewha tpe nde n t , o b l o ng - o vo i d , o pe n i n g a t ma tu r i ty , ma tu r i ng i n 2 ye a r s , w i t h20 a l te r na te s c a l e s ; s c a l e s o bo va te w i th a ce n t ra l dec u rve d umbo a n d w i t h

84 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

p ro t u be ra n t tee th nea r t he ma rg i n s o f t he s c a l e s . See d s 2 pe r s c a l e , woo dy ,

t h i n - s he l l e d , wi t h ev e n s mal l o b l o n g o r o va l c u rve d w i n g s p ro j e c t i n g ba c kwa rd s .

G . P E NS I L I S ( S ta u n t . ) K . Ko c h C h i ne se Swamp Cyp re s s

A s h ru b o r sma l l t ree 8- 20 m . ta l l , 60 - l20 cm . i n g i r t h , o fte n fa s t i g i a te .

Ba r k b rown , s tr i n gy , f i s s u re d i n to i rre g u l a r p l a te s , b row n t u rn i n g g ray i s h ,

i n ne r - ba r k re d - brown . Tr u n k w i t h ho r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s a t the ba s e . Fo l i a g epo l ymo rp h i c , pa l e g ree n tu rn i ng b rown i n the a u tumn . J u ve n i l e b ra n c h l e t sw i th fa l c a te , a c i c u l a r , q ua d ra ng u l a r l e a ve s . S te r i l e bra n c h l e t s w i t h ne e d l el i ke l e a ve s , d i s po s e d i n 2 - 3 ra n k s , 6- l3 rim. l o n g by rrm. w i de

,tw i s te d

,

i n f l a t te ne d fe r n - l i ke s p ray s . Fe r t i l e b ra n c h l e ts w i t h s ca l e - l i ke l ea ve s,

o ve r l a p p i n g , o b t u s e , w i t h n ume ro u s s toma ta , free a t the a pex , w i t h a me d i a ncres t , to 4 mm . l o n g Ma l e s t ro b i l i w i t h a c u te , i mb r i c a te , i nc u rve d s ca l e s

,

bo r ne o n a s c a l y bra n c h l e t . Fema l e c o ne o b l o n g - o vo i d , o n a l o n g s c a l ype d u n c l e l . 2- l . 8 cm . l o ng , ma tu r i n g i n 2 yea rs , o pe n i n g u po n ma t u r i ty

,

re s i no u s , l . 8 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , w i th 20 a l te rn a te s ca l e s ; s c a l e so bo va te , w i th 7- 9 pro tu be ra n t te e th o n t he ma rg i n s , w i t h a sma l l t r i a ng u l a rce n tra l umbo . See d s 2 pe r s c a l e , l . 3 cm . l o n g by 3 mm. w i de , th i n - s he l l e d

,

w i ng s ha tc he t- s h a ped to 3 mm . w i de .

C h i n a : F u k i e n ; K i a n g s i ; Kwa n g tu n g ; Kwa n g s i C h u a n g ; S ze c h u a n a n d Y u n na n ;N. E . Ba n Methout , V i e tnam , to lOOOm. .

HAL OCA R P U S Q u i n n ( Po do ca rp a cea e )

A g e n u s o f t hree s pe c i e s from New Ze a l a n d . D i oe c i o u s s h ru bs o r sma l l t ree s .

B u d s i n co n s p i c uo u s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s a re l i ne a r , b i fa c i a l l y f l a t te ne d ,

2- ra n ke d , d i s t i c ho u s , s i m i l a r to Po do c a rp u s . A d u l t l e a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n g e d ,

s ca l e - l i ke , o ve r l a p p i n g , b l u n t l y kee l e d , sma l l . Ma l e c o ne s o l i ta ry , te rm i n a lImma tu re fema l e co ne w i t h l a x , s pre a d i n g bra c ts , s e pa ra te d by d i s t i n c ti n te r no de s , be com i n g f l e s hy b u t no t br i g h t l y c o l o re d . Fema l e co ne w i th o n eto s e ve ra l da r k s tr i a te d s e ed s , pe nde n t . Se e d i s comp l e te l y c o ve re d by thes c a l e a nd rema i n s i n ve r te d , no t e re c t , s eed s w i n g l e s s .

H B I DW I L L I I ( Hoo k . f . ex T . K i r k ) Q u i n n B idwi l l HaloberryDa c ryd i um b i dw i l l i i Hoo k . f . ex T . K i r k

A de n s e l y bra n c he d e re c t o r p ro s tra te s h ru b to 4 m . ta l l , t he l owe rbra n c he s s ome t i me s roo t to fo rm p ro s ta te ma t s u p to 6 m . a c ro s s . B ra nc h l e tsf i ne , cy l i n d r i c a l , l . 5 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l i nea r , s p i ra l l ya rra ng e d , s e s s i l e , 6- l0 mm . l o n g , pe t i o l e a b s e n t . Adu l t fo l i a g e s ca l e - l i ke ,

tr i a n g u l a r , s h i ny ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , f i ne l y s pe c k l e d wh i te , l e a t he ry , i m b r i c a te ,

kee l e d , o b tu se , l - Z inn. l o ng . Ma l e co ne te rm i na l , s o l i ta ry ,—3 mm . l o ng ,

po l l e n g ra i n s 46 m i c ro n s i n d i ame te r . Fema l e c o ne s o l i ta ry , o n s h o rtl a te ra l bra nc h l e t s , c u p u l e wh i te . See d s l - 2 pe r co ne , s tr i a te d , compre s s e d ,

o b tu s e , l- 3 mm . l o ng .

New Zea l a n d : So u t h I s l a n d to S tewa r t I s l a nd , 640- l 3 l l m .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a Co n i fe ra e 85

H B I FORMI S ( Hoo k . ) Q u i n n Two - l e a f HaloberryDa c ryd i um b i fo rme ( Hoo k . ) Pi lg .

A t ree to lO m . ta l l , w i t h a s ho r t tr u n k ,- l . 8 m . i n g i r th , o r re d u ce d to

a s h r u b l m . ta l l i n a l p i ne a re a s . Ba r k g ray o r re d - b rown . Bra nc h l e ts quadrangu l a r , s to u t , 2 mm. i n d i ame te r , co ve re d w i t h pe rs i s te n t l e a ves . J u ve n i l el e a ve s Ta x u s - l i ke 2 - ra n ke d , s p re a d i n g , l i nea r , 5- 20 mm . l o n g , w i t h a s ho r ttw i s te d pe t i o l e . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , i mb r i c a te , p rom i ne n t l y kee l e d

,de n se l y

o ver l a p p i ng , l - 2 mm . l o n g , o b t u s e , ve ry th i c k , c l o s e l y p re s s e d . Ma l e c o ne sso l i ta ry , te rm i na l , a t t i p s o f b ra n c h l e t s 3 cm . l o n g , c o ne 4 mm . l o ng

,

w i th 4 —6 s tame n s . Fema l e co ne a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e ts , c u p u l e wh i te . See d s l- 2pe r co ne , o b l o n g , b l u n t , s tr i a ted , l mm . l o n g , compre s s ed .

New Ze a l a n d : To n g a r i ro to S tewa r t I s l a n d , s u b a l p i ne a rea s , O- 67l m. .

H . K I R K I I ( F . Mue l l . e x Pa r l . ) Q u i n n . K i r k Haloberrya c ryd i um K i r k i i F . Mue l l .

A tree to 25 m . ta l l , l - 2 m . i n g i r th . Ba r k b r i g h t brown . Lowe r bra n c he ss p rea d i ng , u p pe r o ne s e re c t . Bra n c h l e t s cy l i n d r i c a l , l . 5 mm . i n d i ame te r .

J uve n i l e l e a ve s Podo c a rpu s o r Ta x u s - l i ke l i ne a r , l . 5 cm . l o n g , w i t h as ho rt pe t i o l e . Ad u l t l e a v e s s c a l e — l i ke , i mb r i c a te , o b tu se , ke e l e d ,

- 4 mm.

l o n g , th i c k , l e a t he ry , ma rg i n s memb ra ne o u s . Ma l e c o ne s s o l i ta ry , se s s i l e , 3-6

mm . l o n g , a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e ts . Fema l e co ne te rm i na l , s ho r t l y o b l o n g , 6- l3

mm . l o n g , c u p u l e o ra ng e . Seed s l - S pe r co ne , o b l o n g , o b t u s e , comp re s s ed ,

- 4 nnn l o n g , s tr i a te d , kee l e d a t the a pe x .

New Zea l a n d : No rth I s l a n d , be twee n Hokiana a n d Ma n u k a u Ha rbo r , to 6lOm. .

J U N I P E R US L . ( C u pre s s a cea e )

A g e n u s o f 50 s pe c i e s from N . Ame r i c a , E u ro pe , N . Afr i ca , E . Afr i c a , As i aa nd J a pa n . Tree s o r s h r u b s u s u a l l y d i oe c i o u s , ra re l y mo noe c i o u s , e ve rg ree n ,

w i t h a mu l t i p l e bra nc he d trunk. Branchlets i rre g u l a r l y d i s po s e d , ra re l yf l a t te ne d i n o ne p l a ne , ro u nde d , s ome t i me s q u a d ra n g u l a r . Bu d s u s ua l l yi n co n s p i c uo u s o n s c a l e - l e a ved bra n c h l e t s , o fte n co n s p i c u o u s w i t h few i mbr i c a tes c a l e s o n nee d l e - l i k e b ra nc h l e t s . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s nee d l e - l i ke , s p i ra l l ya rra nge d , w i th wh i te s toma ta a bo ve , pe r s i s te n t . Fo l i a ge d i mo rp h i c , o ppo s i teo r i n t h ree s ; nee d l e l i ke , a c u te , s ha rp - po i n te d w i t h wh i t i s h s toma ta a bo ve o rmo re o fte n s c a l e - l i ke , b l u n t l y a c u te , a p p re s s e d , s ome t i me s w i t h g l a n d s ;o c c ur i n g se pa ra te l y o n d i ffe re n t s pec i e s o r bo t h fo rms may o c c u r o n the s amea d u l t tree . Ma l e co ne s ye l l ow i s h , o vo i d o r o b l o n g , w i th ma ny s ca l e s o n ace n tra l a x i s , w i t h o va te o r pe l ta te s c a l e s , e a c h s c a l e w i t h 2-6 g l o bo s epo l l e n s a c s . Fema l e co ne s s u b te n de d a t the ba se by m i n u te s c a l e - l i ke b ra c tso r l e a ve s , g l o b u l a r , o fte n wa rty , be rry - l i ke , w i t h 3-8 o ppo s i te o r te r na teu n i te d f l e s hy bra c t s o r s c a l e s t ha t do no t s e pa ra te o r o pe n u po n ma tur i ty ,

fema l e c o ne u s u a l l y ma t u r i ng i n 2 yea rs , s ome t i me s i n l - 3 yea r s . See d s l-6pe r co ne , o vo i d , o f te n g roo ve d , w i n g l e s s .

86 PHYTOLOGI Z MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

J . AS H E I Bu c h h . A s he J u n i pe r

A mu l t i - s temme d s h ru b o r a sma l l tree 6-9 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a no pe n

,ro u n de d o r i r re g u l a r c rown . T r u n k o f te n g roo ve d , tw i s te d , o r b ra n c he d from

t he ba s e.Ba rk l i g h t a s hy - g ray , f i s s u re d i n to l o n g , na rrow s tr i p s . B ra nc h e s

s p rea d i n g to e re c t . Bra n c h l e ts 4 - a n g l ed , re c u rve d a t th e t i p s , ba rk re dd i s h - g ray .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s aw l - s ha pe d,a c um i n a te , s p re a d i n g , 8 nnn l o n g . Ad u l t l ea ve s s ca l e

l i ke,

tr i a n g u l a r - o va te,a c u te , da rk b l ue - g ree n to g ray - g ree n , a p pre s s e d , l - 2 nnu

l o n g,o p po s i te

,i n 4 - rows , ma rg i n s f i ne l y too t he d , g l a n d s u s ua l l y a b s e n t b u t

p re s e n t o n o l de r l e a ve s . Fema l e c on e g l o bo s e to o vo i d , 7 mm . l o n g by 6 mm.

w i de,re s i no u s

,s omewh a t wa r ty , s u t u re l i ne s fa i n t , da rk b l u i s h - b l a c k , b l oome d

wh i te,umbo s sma l l

.Se e d s u s u a l l y o n e pe r co ne , o va te , a c um i n a te , 5-6 lnn. l o n g

by 3- 5 mm.w i de

,l i g h t b rown w i t h s h a l l ow g roo ve s , hi l ium i vo ry - wh i te to l mm . l o ng .

S.M i s s o u r i to C . Te x a s to N.W. Co a h u i l a , Me x i co , 244 - l800 m. .

J . ASH E I va r . SALTI LLENSI S ( Ha l l ) S i l ba Sa l t i l l o J u n i pe r

A broa d s h r u b o r sma l l t ree to 7 m . ta l l . Ba r k a s hy - g ray , d i v i de d i n to l o n gna rrow s tr i p s . B ra nc he s e re c t , termi n a l b ra n c he s rec u rved a t the t i p s w i t hsmoo t h g ray ba r k . Lea ve s s ca l e - l i k e , l i g h t g ray - g ree n , t r i a n g u l a r -ovate ,obtuse ,

- l . 5 mm . l o ng , a pe x a p p re s se d , g l a n d u l a r , ma rg i n s f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . Fema l eco ne re s i no u s a nd p u l py , s omewha t e l l i p s o i d to g l o bo s e , da r k b l u i s h - b l a c k ,

b l oome d wh i te ,- 8 mm . w i de . Seed s u s ua l l y o ne pe r co ne , o vo i d , o b tu s e ,

da r k brown , 4 - 5 mm . l o n g ; hi l ium l . 5 mm . l o n g , l i g h t o r da r k b rown .

Mex i co : C h i h u a h ua ; Coa h u i l a ; w . Za c a te ca s ; Ne u v o Leo n , l500- 2900 m. .

J BAR BA DE NS I S L . We s t I nd i e s J u n i pe rJ . grac i l ior lucayana B r i t t J . s a x i co l a B r i tt . et Ni ls .

A tre e 6- l5 m . ta l l , w i th a n o pe n c rown a nd w i t h f i ne , pe n de n t bra n c he s . Ba rkre d - b rown , f i ne , d i v i de d i n to l o ng f i ne s ca l e s . B ra n c h l e ts ro u nde d , s l e nde r ,

l mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s n a r row , nee d l e - l i ke , l - l . 5 cm . l o n g , a c u te ,

w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , l i g h t b r i g h t g ree n ,

o p po s i te o r i n pa i r s , o b tu s e , l mm . l o ng by mm . w i de , p rom i ne n t l y g roo ve da bo ve , wi t h a n e l o ng a te d o r l i n ea r g l a nd . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne s o b l o n g , 2 - 3

mm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne re n i fo rm , s u bg l o bo s e , b l u i s h - b rown w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom,

4 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , r i pe n i n g th e f i rs t yea r , o n a s to u t pe d u n c l e . See d sl - 2 per co ne , o va te - a c um i na te , 4 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , w i t h 6- 7 l o n g i tu d i na lfu rrows .

Ba hama s ; C u ba ; N . Ha i t i ; Ba rb a do s , 400-500 m. .

J BARBA DENS I S va r . URBANIANA ( Pi lg . ) S i l b a Ha i t i a n J u n i pe rJ . ekmani i F l o r i n

A c ree p i ng s h ru b to 30 cm . h i g h , o r a sma l l tree to 5 m . ta l l , w i t h ma nys ho r t bra nc he s . B ra n c h e s as i n t he ty pe , s ome t i me s wee p i ng . B ra n c h l e ts f i n e ,

d i s t i nc t l y q u a d ra ng u l a r . Lea ve s s ca l e - l i ke , a c um i na te , a pex a c u te to s h a rp l ya c u te , i mb r i ca te , 4 - ra n ked , l—l . 5 mm . l o ng , fa i n t l y g roo ved nea r the ba se ,

wi th a n o b s c u re do r s a l g l a nd . Ma l e co ne e l l i p t i c , 2 ' nu l o ng , s c a l e s sem io rb i c u l a r . Fema l e co ne g l o bo s e , re s i no u s , b l u i s h - brown , s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r ,

w i t h fa i n t s u tu re l i ne s , 4 - 5 mm. l o ng , umbo s i nco n s p i c uo u s . See d s l- 2 pe rco ne , e l l i p t i c to o va te - e l l i p t i c , 3 mm . l o ng .

S .W. Ha i t i : Ma r ne de l a Se l l e ; w. Dom i n i ca n Re p u b l i c : La Ve ga P ro v i n ce ,

Co n s ta n za , ra re , l000- 2600 m .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C on i fe ra e 87

J . B E RMU D I A NA L . Be rmuda J u n i pe r

A broa d l y co n i c a l tre e l2- l5 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h . Ba r k da r k re d,

f i ne l y f i s s u red . B ra n c h l e ts th i c k , d i s t i n c t l y q u a d ra n g u l a r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve ss ome t i me s pre s e n t o n a d u l t tre e s , mm . l o n g , w i t h 2 l i ne s o f s toma ta .

Ad u l t l ea ve s s c a l e - l i k e , i n s e ts o f 4 -6, o bt u s e , g ray - g ree n o r g l a u co u s , w i th ado rs a l g l a n d , i nc u rve d a t the a pe x , l . 2 mm. l o n g ; o n ma i n b ra n c h l e ts tr i a n g u l a r

,

po i n ted , i n who r l s o f 3 , to'

5 mm . l o n g . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne 4 -5 mm . l o ng , w i t h3 a n t he rs . Fema l e co ne r i pe n i n g i n o ne yea r , g l o bo s e , b l a c k i s h - b l u e w i t h ag l a u co u s b l oom , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , wi t h 4 s c a l e s , w i t h a ma rke d de pre s s i o n

.

See d s 2- 3 pe r co ne , s h i ny c he s tn u t - b rown , o vo i d , g ro o ved , 6-8 mm. l o n g .

Be rmuda , ra re , ma ny tree s d i e d from l o c a l b l i g h t .

J . BLANCOI Ma r t . B l a nc o J u n i pe r

A s h r u b o r tre e - l5 m . ta l l , w i th a n e re c t tru n k a nd a ve ry i rre g u l a rc rown , o r co n i c a l . Ba r k c he s tn u t - brown , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s tr i p s . U l t i ma teb ra nc h l e ts d i s t i c ho u s , l mm . i n d i a me te r , ne a r l y te tra go na l , ba rk v i o l e tco l o re d . Lea ve s s c a l e — l i ke , o v a te o r e l l i p t i c a l , g ree n w i t h a br i g h t bo rde r

,

l . 5- 2 mm . l o n g by mm. w i de , w i t h a l i nea r o r e l l i p t i c g l a nd u l a rde p re s s i o n , e n t i re , a pe x o b tu s e . Fema l e co ne s c a t te red o r i n g ro u p s , o n ape d u n c l e 3- 5 mm . l o n g , i rre g u l a r l y l o be d , g l a u co u s - g ree n t u rn i ng da r k v i o l e tw i th a g l a u co u s b l oom , re s i no u s , a roma t i c , 5- 9 mm . l o n g by 3-6 mm . w i de .

Seed s l - 2 pe r co ne , a n g u l a r , pa l e c h e s t n u t— b rown , i rre g u l a r , w i t h ma nyg ro o ve s , 2- 5 mm . l o ng by 3- 4 mm . w i de .

Me x i c o : N. E . So no ra ; Du ra n g o , E l S a l to , 2600- 2900 m. .

J BR E V I FO L I A ( Ho c h s t . ) A n to i ne Azo re s J u n i pe rJ . o x yce d ru s v a r . b re v i fo l i a Ho c h s t .

A sma l l t ree - 3 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rt h . Ba r k re d - b rown . Bra nc he ss ho r t , n ume ro u s , de n s e l y co v e re d w i t h fo l i a ge . B ra n c h l e ts 3- a ng l e d . Le a ve si n who r l s o f th re e , b l u i s h - g ree n , need l e - l i ke , 6-9 nnu l o n g by 2 mm . w i de ,

a pex b l u n t l y a c u te to a c u te , w i t h a p rom i ne n t g ree n m i d r i b a bo ve , w i t h wh i tes toma ta be l ow , g l a u c o u s , j o i n te d a nd swo l l e n a t the ba s e . D i o e c i o u s . Fema l eco ne s u b g l o bo s e , da r k re d - b rown , 6-9 mm . w i de , s u t u re l i ne s v i s i b l e . Se ed s3 per co n e , o vo i d , 3- a n g l e d , w i th 2 - 3 l o n g i tud i na l g roove s , ma rke d l y kee l e d .

A zo re s I s l a n d s ( Po r t u g ue s e Adm i n i s tra t i o n ) , to l500 m. .

J . CAL I FO RN I CA Ca rr . Ca l i fo rn i a J u n i pe r

A s h r u b o r sma l l tree to l2 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a broa d ,

i rre g u l a r c rown . Ba rk g ray , f i b ro u s , fu rrowe d , s h reddy . Bra n c h l e t s v i go ro u s ,

ro u nded , l- l . 3 mm . i n d i ame te r . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , u s u a l l y i n th ree s , w i th al a rge g l a n d do t , l . 5- 3 mm. l o n g , ma rg i n s f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , tu rn i ng b rowni n 2 3 yea r s , o b tu s e , o va te to o b l o n g , s l i g h t l y kee l e d o n ba c k , c l o s e l ya pp re s s e d . Ma l e c o ne w i t h l8 20 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne g l o bo s e o r o vo i d , ma tu r i ngi n 2 yea r s , b l u i s h w i t h a b l oom the n re d b rown w i t h a g l a u c ou s b l oom , 8 l9 mm .

l o ng , w i t h 6 s c a l e s w i th fa i n t s u tu re l i ne s , w i t h sma l l um bo s . See d s l 2 pe rco ne , a ng u l a r , 7- l2 mm . l o n g , ma r ke d a t the ba s e w i th a br i g h t hi l ium.

N. Ca l i fo r n i a to w. Ar i z o na to N . Ba j a C a l i fo rn i a , Mex i co ,

305- 1524 m. .

88 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

J . C E DRU S We b b . et Be r t h . Ca na ry I s l a nd J un i pe r

A n e re c t t ree 20- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a s to u t tr u n k . B ra n c h e s w i de s p rea d i n g,

ho r i zo n ta l , t u f te d . B ra n c h l e t s f i n e l y d i v i de d , pe n de n t , n ume ro u s , s ho r t l ya ng l e d a nd g l a u co u s . B u d s d i s t i n c t from t he fo l i a g e , s c a l y . L e a ve s need l e - l i k e

,

na r row l y l a n c eo l a te , i n w ho r l s o f t h ree , s h a rp po i n ted , ve ry g l a uc o u s a bo v e,

m i d r i b g ree n , 8- l9 mm . l o n g , e re c t , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s , w i t h wh i te s toma tabe l ow . D i oec i o u s . Fema l e c one g l o b u l a r , wa r ty , 8- l4 nnn w i de , re dd i s h - b rownw i t h a g l a u c o u s b l oom , s h i ny , s u t u re l i ne s o b s c u re , w i th sma l l s to u t um bo s .

Seed s o ne pe r co ne .

Ca na ry I s l a n d s : Pa l ma , to 2l00 m. .

J . CENTRASIASTI CA Kom . Kue n - l u e n J u n i pe r

A tre e to l2 m . ta l l , to 60 cm . i n g i r th , w i th e rec t bra n c h e s . B ra nc h l e t sq ua d ra ng u l a r , a bo u t 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . Lea v e s s c a l e - l i k e , l . 5 nnn l o n g ,

de n s e , g ray - g ree n , tr i a n g u l a r from a b ro a d b a s e , o b t u s e , k ee l e d , u s ua l l yw i tho u t g l a n d s . Ma l e co ne to 2 mm . l o ng , o n l o n g b ra n c h l e t s . F ema l e co ne9- ll mm . l o ng , b l a c k i s h - red o r p u rp l i s h , g l o b u l a r o r o b l o n g . S eed s s o l i ta ry ,

o ne pe r co ne , o v a l , b l u n t l y k ee l e d , ro u n ded a t t he a pe x , 8- 9 mm . l o n g .

C h i n a : S i n k i a n g ; Ku e n - l ue n Mo u n ta i n s , 3000- 4000 m. .

J . C H I N E N S I S L . C h i ne s e J u n i pe r

A co n i c a l tree 20- 25 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a s c e nd i n g b ra n c he s , o rs ome t i me s a pro c umbe n t s h r u b . Ba r k g ray - red , e x fo l i a t i n g . B ra n c h l e t s s l e nd e r ,

ro u n de d , ma r k ed w i t h wh i te s po t s , to l mm . i n d i ame te r . Fo l i a g e d i mo rp h i c .

J u ve n i l e l e a v e s u s ua l l y te r n a te , aw l - s h a pe d , s p rea d i n g , mm . l o n g , s p i nypo i n te d , w i th 2 wh i te ba n d s a bo ve . Ad u l t l ea ve s s c a l e - l i k e , 4 - ra n k ed , na rrow l yrhomb i c , c l o s e l y a p pre s s e d , b l u n t l y a c u te to o b t u se , o ve r l a p p i n g , l . 5 mm . l o n g ,

w i t h a g l a n d u l a r de pre s s i o n , ma rg i n s wh i te , a pe x i nc u rve d U s u a l l y d i oe c i o u s .

Ma l e co ne s o fte n o n b ra n c h l e t s w i t h j u v e n i l e l ea ve s , b r i g h t ye l l ow , w i th 8p a i r s o f s tame n s . Fema l e c o ne s u bg l o bo s e , 6-8 mm . w i de , brown i s h - b l a c k , w i t ha t h i c k g l a u c o u s b l oom , w i th 4 -8 s c a l e s , w i t h p ro t u be ra n t umbo s a t t he a pe x ,

co ne r i pe n s i n 2 ye a r s . Seed s 2- 5 pe r c o ne , b roa d l y o vo i d , g ro o ved , b r i g h tbrown , 5 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de .

C h i na a nd J a pa n , a b u n da n t , SOO- lOOO m . o r mo re .

J . C H I N E NS I S v a r . SARG E NT I I He n ry et E l we s Sa rge n t J u n i pe r

A tra i l i n g pro s tra te s h ru b w i th a l o ng ma i n s tem a n d w i t h a de n s e ma s s o fa s ce n d i n g l a te ra l bra nc he s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l a n ceo l a te , co n vex be l ow , s t i ff l ypo i n t i ng fo rwa rd s , g ra s sy -

green.Adult l e a ve s s ca l e - l i ke , l i g h t g re e n o rg l a u ce s ce n t , o b tu s i s h , e n t i re , ma r ked l y g l a nd u l a r , l . 2- l . 5 mm . l o n g , s l i g h t l yswo l l e n , terpentine s c e n ted . P redom i n a n t l y d i oe c i o u s . Fema l e co ne g l o bo s e ,

wa r ty , o n a f i ne pe n de n t pe d u n c l e , da r k b l ue o r b l a c k , 5- 7 mm . l o n g , umbo si n co n s p i c uo u s . See d s 2- 3 , ra re l y 4 -5 per co ne , o b l o n g , g l o s sy b rown .

N. E . C h i na : Ko rea ; S a k ha l i n ; J a pa n .

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90 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

J . CONVALLI UM v a r . MI CROSPERMA ( C he n g et Fu) S i l ba Smallberry Me ko ng J u n i pe r

A tree w i t h b ra n c h l e t s l e s s tw i s te d t h a n t he type . Le a ve s sma l l e r , mo re a c u teto b l u n t l y a c u te , l- l . 5 mm . l o n g , c l o se l y p re s s e d , g l a n d u l a r , w i t ho u t a dee pg roo ve u n de r th e g l a n d s . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , g l a u co u s , 5 nnn l o n g . Se e d o vo i d

,

comp re s s ed , 4 mm . l o n g w i t ho u t a p ro j ec te d a pe x .

C h i na : S . E . T i be t , to 4000 m. .

J . DAV U R I CA P a l l . Da h u r i a n J u n i pe r

A tra i l i n g s h ru b w i t h a s ce n d i n g b ra n c h e s a n d w i t h a s ho r t tr u n k to 50 cm .

i n g i r t h . Bra n c h l e ts f i ne , ne a r l y q u a d ra ng u l a r , l nun i n d i ame te r . Fo l i a g ed i mo rp h i c , a d u l t a n d j u ve n i l e fo l i a ge o n fe r t i l e b ra n c h l e t s . J u ve n i l e fo l i a gemo re a b u n da n t o n b ra n c h l e t s e x po s e d to t he sun, l ea ve s 3-9 rim. l o n g . Ad u l tl e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , b l u n t l y a c u te , h um p - ba c ke d , e n t i re , l - 3 mm . l o n g , w i t h al o n g d i s t i n c t g l a nd u l a r de p re s s i o n o n t he ba c k , l o o s e l y i m br i c a te , a pe xi n c urv e d . D i o e c i o u s . Ma l e co ne 4 -5 mm. l o n g , w i th l2- l8 s c a l e s . Fema l e co neo n j u ve n i l e fo l i a ge b ra n c h l e t s , g l o bo s e , 5-6 mm . i n d i ame te r , i s o l a te d o na pe n de n t pe d u n c l e , da r k b rown w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom . See d s n a rrow l y o vo i d too vo i d - o b l o n g , 2- 4 pe r co ne , o fte n ex s e rte d from t he s c a l e s o f the co ne , to5 mm . l o n g .

N . Mo n go l i a ; N . C h i n a : He i l u n g k i a n g ; Ko re a , 400- l400 m. .

J D E P P EANA Steudal Ea s te rn A l l i g a to r J u n i pe rJ . de ppea na va r . zacatecens i s patoniana Ma rt .

A s h r u b o r sma l l t ree 3- l0 m . ta l l , w i th a tw i s ted t ru n k 25- 40 cm . i n g i r t h ,

a nd w i t h a n o pe n i rre g u l a r c rown . Ba rk b rown , p l a te - l i k e , i n ne r - ba rk v i o l e t .

Bra n c h l e t s f i ne , ne a r l y te t ra go na l , l - l . 5 mm . i n d i ame te r . Ad u l t l e a ve s s ca l el i k e , br i g h t g ree n , o v a te - a c um i n a te , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , l - 2 mm . l o n g by mm .

w i de , g l a n d s a b s e n t o r ra re l y a t t he ba s e o f the l e a f , a pe x mu c ro na te . Mo noe c i o u s .

Ma l e co ne o vo i d , mm . l o n g , w i t h 8 s ca l e s . Fema l e co ne g l o bo s e , s omewha tde fo rme d , ma tu r i n g i n 2 ye a rs , w i t h 6- 8 s c a l e s , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n tu rn i n g re d ,

w i t h a g l a u c o u s b l oom , a roma t i c , wi t h a p i c a l um bo s , s u tu re l i ne s v i s i b l e ,

lO- l2 mm . i n diameter . Seeds v i s i b l e a n d s l i g h t l y p ro tru d i n g o u twa rd s be twee ns c a l e s o f the c o ne . Seed s u s u a l l y 3 pe r co ne , a n g u l a r , 6-7 mm . l o n g by 4 -6

mm . w i de .

S . E . Ar i z o n a to W . Te x a s to M i c ho a c a n , Me x i co , l372-2438 m. .

J . DE P P EANA v a r . PAC HY P H LA EA ( To rr . ) Ma r t . We s te r n A l l i g a to r J u n i pe r

A de n s e pyram i da l t ree to 20 m . ta l l , to 5 m . i n g i rt h . Ba r k wh i t i s h , i nre c ta ng u l a r s ca l e s . Fo l i a g e re l a t i ve l y de n s e . J uve n i l e l ea ve s aw l - s ha pe d , ve ryg l a u co u s , l a nceo l a te , i n th ree s , 3-6 nun l o n g , w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow . Ad u l tl ea ve s s c a l e - l i k e , i n o p po s i te pa i r s , b roa d l y o va l , d i s t i nc t l y g l a nd u l a r ,

co n s p i c uo u s l y ma r ke d w i t h wh i te d r i ed re s i n , l- 2 mm . l o n g , ma rg i n s f i ne l yde n t i c u l a te . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne 3 mm . l o ng , w i t h l0 s ca l e s . Fema l e co nes u bg l o bo s e , ma t u r i n g i n 2 yea rs , re d - b rown w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom , wa rty ,

l . 2 cm . l o ng , w i t h 2 wh o r l s o f s ca l e s . See d s u s u a l l y 4 pe r co ne , a ng u l a r ,

s h i ny b rown , w i t h a th i n s he l l .

A r i zo na to W . Tex a s to So no ra , Me x i c o .

S i l ba,E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe ra e 91

J . DR U PAC EA La b i l l . Sy r i a n J u n i pe rA rce u t ho s d ru pa c e a ( La b i l l . ) A n t . et Ko t s c hy

A na r row l y co n i c a l t ree to 20 m . ta l l , w i th u p r i g h t bra n c he s . Ba r k o ra n ge - b rownto g ray , pee l i n g i n l o n g s tr i ps . Bra n c h l e ts tr i a n g u l a r , w i th p rom i ne n t r i d ge s o rwings . Leaves nee d l e - l i k e , l i nea r - l a n c eo l a te , de c u r re n t , l . 5 cm . l o n g byl . 5- 4 mm . w i de , s p re a d i n g , i n who r l s o f th ree , s h a rp l y po i n te d , kee l e d be l ow

,

f l a t te ned , g ree n , w i t h a broa d g ree n m i d r i b a n d 2 wh i te ba n d s be l ow , j o i n ted a tthe ba s e . D i o e c i o u s . Ma l e co ne pa l e g ree n , i n g ro u p s o f 3- 6, w i t h 9-l0 s tame n so n e a c h s c a l e . Fema l e co ne r i pe n i n g i n 2 yea rs , o vo i d , b rown o r b l u i s h - b l a c k

,

b l oomy , l . 5- 3 cm . l o n g by l . 5 cm . w i de ; w i t h 9 s c a l e s w i t h d i s t i n c t ra i s e dbo rde r s o r s u tu re l i n e s . See d s 3 pe r co ne , l . 5 cm . l o n g , g e rm i na te i n 2 - 3 yea rs .

G ree ce ; Tu r key ; Sy r i a ; Le ba no n , 300- 2000 m. .

J . DURANGENSI S Ma rt . Du ra ng o J u n i pe r

A s hr u b o r sma l l tre e - 5 m . ta l l , to 25- 35 cm . i n g i r th . Ba rk g ray , f i bro u s ,

e x fo l i a t i n g i n th i n s t r i p s . B ra n c he s tw i s te d , i rre g u l a r l y a r ra n ge d . Bra n c h l e t sq ua dra n g u l a r , ra the r de n s e w i th n ume ro u s s ho r t c ompa c t s i de bra n c h l e t s , to l . 5 mm .

i n d i ame te r . B ra n c h l e t s s p re a d i n g o u t a t w i de a n g l e s . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , o b tu s e,

broa d l y o v a te , d u l l ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , l - 2 mm . l o n g , g l a nd u l a r , ma rg i n f i ne l ytoo t he d . Ma l e co ne s u bg l o bo s e to o b l o n g - o vo i d , to 2 mm . l o ng , w i th l2 s c a l e s .

Fema l e co ne i rre g u l a r , s u bg l o bo s e to o b l o n g , 5 mm . w i de , o ra nge to red d i s h w i tha g l a u co u s b l oom . See d s mo s t l y 2- 3 pe r co ne , n a rrow , o vo i d - a c um i na te , c urve d

,

s tr i a te d , 4 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . wi de , da r k re dd i s h - b rown .

Me x i co : So no ra to S .W. Za c a te c a s ; N . J a l i s co ; Aguascal ienties , l600- 2900 m. .

J . E X C E L SA B i e b . Gre c i a n J u n i pe r

A na rrow l y pyram i da l tree lU - 20 m . ta l l , w i t h u p r i g h t o r s p re a d i n g bra nc he s .

Ba r k b rown to da rk g ray , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s tr i p s . Bra n c h l e t s ra the r f i ne a n dt h i n , ro u n de d to nea r l y q u a d ra n g u l a r , l mm. i n d i ame te r , i rre g u l a r l y d i s po s e d .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s o p po s i te , 5-6 mm. l o ng , w i t h 2 g l a u co u s ba n d s be l ow . Ad u l tl e a ve s u s ua l l y s c a l e - l ike ,oppos i te , r homb i c - ova te , c l o se l y a pp re s s ed , a c um i na te ,

w i th a n o b l o n g g l a n d , b l u i s h - g ree n , mm . l o n g , s p rea d i ng a t the t i p s ,

e n t i re , a pe x s p i ny a n d i n c u rve d . Mo noe c i o u s . Fema l e co ne s g l o bo se , ma tu r i n g i n2 yea r s , da r k p u r p l i s h - b rown w i t h a b l u i s h b l oom , 9- 12 nun wfi de , w i th 4 -6 s c a l e s ,

s u tu re l i ne s o b s c u re . See d s u s ua l l y 5-8 pe r c o ne , mos t l y 3-4 pe r co ne , o b l o n go v a te , o b tu s e l y s tr i a te d , g l o s sy , c he s tn u t- b rown , wr i n k l e d .

Y u go s l a v i a ; A l ba n i a ; S . B u l g a r i a ; Gree ce ; Tu r key ; Le ba no n ; I ra n ;

J E X C E L SA v a r . POLYCARPOS (C. Koch) S i l ba Pe r s i a n J u n i pe r

g, i sophyl los C . Ko c h ,=J , ma c ro po da seravschanica Kom . ,

J . t u rcoma n i c a B . Fe d ts c h .

A co n i c a l tree 5- l0 m . ta l l , o r a l ow s hru b wi t h a de n se crown . Ba rk red d i s hg ray , s c a l y . Bra nc h l e t s re l a t i ve l y t h i c k , s h o rt , f i nn. J uven i l e l ea ve s o va te o rde l to i d , l o n g po i n te d , 5-7 mm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , da r k g ree n ,

o b tu s i s h , r homb i c o r o va te - r homb i c , s l i g h t l y kee l e d ,- 2 mm . l o ng , w i t h a n

o va te i nfl a ted g l a nd , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . D i oe c i o u s . Fema l e co ne s ho r t- s ta l ke d ,

s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s , g l o bo s e , b l a c k i s h - b l ue , b l oomy , loum. w i de . See d s 4 -5

pe r co ne , o va te - o va l , r i b be d , brown i s h .

T u r key ; U . S . S . R I ra n ; Afg ha n i s ta n ; Pa k i s ta n .

92 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

J . F LAC C I DA Sc h l e c h t . Me x i ca n We e p i n g J u n i pe r

A s h r u b o r sma l l t re e to 9 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h a ro u n ded c rowna nd w i th d i s t i nc t l y pe nde n t bra n c he s . Ba rk re dd i s h - b rown , fu rrowe d i n to l o ng ,

n a r row , s h re ddy r i d ge s . B ra nc h l e t s l o n g , pe nde n t , ' nu i n d i ame te r , d roo p i n g .

J u ve n i l e l ea ve s i n who r l s o f th re e , w i th a n e l o n g a te d g l a n d a t the ba s e , w i t h 2f i ne l i ne s o f s toma ta be l ow . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , o p po s i te , 4 - ra n ke d

, l . 5- 3

mm . l o n g , a c um i n a te , ye l l ow - g ree n to g ray - g re e n , o fte n w i t h a s u n ke n re s i n g l a n d,

ma rg i n s f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , a pe x s pre a d i ng . Mo noe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne mm . l o n g,

w i th l6 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t s c a l y pe d u n c l e , ma t u r i n g i n 2 ye a rs ,

s u bg l o bo s e , re s i no u s , f i ne l y wa r ty , da r k re dd i s h - b rown , b l oomy , l cm . l o n g,

w i th 6- 8 s c a l e s , s u tu re l i ne s fa i n t , w i t h sma l l um bo s . See d s 4 - l2 pe r co ne ,

i rre g u l a r , 4 -8 m . l o n g .

S . Te x a s ; Me x i co : So no ra to Oa x a c a , 900- 2900 m. .

J . F LAC C I DA va r . MARTINEZ I I ( Pe re z de l a Ro s a ) S i l ba Ma rt i ne z J u n i pe r

A s h r u b o r sma l l t ree 4 -8 m . ta l l , c rown ro u nde d o r co n i c a l . Ba rk g ray ,

f i s s u re d , i n n e r- ba r k b l a c k i s h - p u rp l e . Fo l i a ge s p a rse , te rm i n a l b ra nc h l e tspe n de n t . Lea ve s s c a l e - l i k e , a s hy - g ree n o r gray - g ree n , o va te o r l o n g - o va te ,

l . s nun l o n g by l - l .5 mm. w i de , a c um i n a te , w i th a do rs a l g l a n d , ma rg i n stra n s l u ce n t w i t h f i ne tee t h . C r u s he d fo l i a g e has a s oa py - re s i no u s s ce n t . Ma l ec o ne s o vo i d , 3- 5 mm . l o n g by - 3 mm . w i de , ye l l ow - c he s tn u t , w i t h 8-l4m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s . Fema l e co ne o vo i d o r g l o bo s e , 5-8 lTI Tl . l o n g by 5-9 m . w i de ,

g ree n i s h -ye l l ow t i n te d g ray w i t h a p u rp l i s h b l oom , tu rn i ng d a rk re d , o n ape d u n c l e l mm . l o n g . See d s l - 3 pe r co ne , o vo i d , da rk brown , 3-5 mm . l o ng by3- 4 mm . w i de , hi l iumye l l ow .

Me x i c o : N. E . J a l i s co , N . S i e rra Cuatralba ( type ) ; S . A g u a s ca l i e n te s ;S . Sa n L u i s Po to s i ; N . P ue b l a , 2000- 2500 m. .

J . F LAC C I DA v a r . POB LANA Ma r t . B i gbe rry Wee p i ng J u n i pe r

A s h ru b 4 -6 m . ta l l . B ra n c he s n ume ro u s , pe n de n t , ma r ke d l y d i s t i c ho u s ,

a l te rn a t i n g , nea r l y T h u j a - l i ke . Ad u l t l e a ve s s ca l e - l i k e , o va te o r s u be l l i p t i ca nd a c um i na te , s h a rp l y a c u te , a pe x s p rea d i n g , l - l . 5 mm . l o n g , no t p u n ge n t .

Fema l e c o ne 2 cm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s h -wh i te , w i t h ma rked s u tu re l i ne s from fu s i o no f the co ne s ca l e s .

Me x i co : P ue b l o ; Mo re l o s ; J a l i s co ; G ue rre ro ; Oa x a c a , l200- 2300 m. .

J . FO ET I D I SS I MA W i l l d . C r i me a n J u n i pe r

A s h r u b o r a pyram i da l tree 3- 25 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r th . Ba rk g ray ; b rowni sh- re d o n yo u ng tree s . Bra nc he s o fte n a rc he d - re c u rve d . Bra nc h l e ts re l a t i ve l yt h i c k , d i s t i n c t l y q ua d ra ng u l a r , s ho r t , l mm . i n d i ame te r . J uve n i l e l e a ve s s p i nypo i n te d . Ad u l t l e a ve s s ca l e - l i ke , a c u te to a c um i na te , l oo s e l y a p p re s se d , e n t i re ,

no n - g l a nd u l a r , l . 2- 2 nun l o n g , g ree n o r b l u e - g ray , a pe x i n c u rve d . Mo noe c i o u s o rd i oec i o u s . Ma l e co ne o vo i d - g l o bo se , mm . l o ng , s c a l e s o rb i c u l a r . Fema l e co neo n a s h o r t s tra i g h t ped u n c l e , g l o bo se o r o vo i d , 6-12 mm . l o ng , red d i s h - b l a c k ,

b l oomy , s u tu re l i ne s re l a t i v e l y fa i n t . See d s l -3 pe r co ne , ovo i d , o b tu s e ,

s l i g h t l y fu se d i n to o ne .

Y u go s l a v i a ; A l ba n i a ; G ree ce ; Tu r key ; Sy r i a ; Le ba no n , l500- 2000 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe ra e 93

J . FO RMOSA NA Haya ta Fo rmo s a n J u n i pe rJ . fo rmo s a n a va r . c o nc o l o r Haya ta

A m u l t i - s temmed t re e l2 - 25 m . ta l l , w i th s p re a d i n g o r a s ce n d i n g bra n c he s a n do f te n w i t h pe n de n t b ra n c h l e t s . Ba r k g ray - b rown , f i b ro u s , e x fo l i a t i n g i n th i ns tr i p s . Bra n c h l e t s 3- a ng l e d . Bu d s d i s t i n c t . Lea ve s mo re o r l e s s po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s

,

nee d l e - l i k e , l i ne a r , s p i ny po i n te d , l o o s e l y s p re a d i n g , l . 2 cm . l o n g by l . 5- 2nnn w i de , i n th re e s , m i d r i b g ree n , w i t h two b roa d wh i te ba nd s , kee l ed be l ow

,

no t de c urre n t . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , s u bg l o bo se o r b roa d l y o vo i d,

8 mm . w i de , re dd i s h o r o ra n ge - b rown , ma tu r i n g i n 2 ye a r s , w i t h 3 d i s t i n c t g roo ve sa t the a pex , w i th p rom i ne n t a p i c a l mu c ro n a te umbo s , s u t u re l i ne s v i s i b l e . See d s3 pe r co ne , o va l — t r i a n g u l a r , e l o n ga te d , 3- 4 mm . l o n g , w i t h 3- 4 re s i n g l a n d s .

C h i n a : T i be t to Anwhei ; Ta i wa n , l300- 4 000 m. .

J . GAMBOANA Ma r t . Gambo a J u n i pe r

A tree 8- l2 m . ta l l , 40-90 cm . i n g i r th , w i t h a s l e nde r , i rreg u l a r c rown o fb ra nc he s . Ba r k da rk b rown o r g ray , d i v i de d i n to q u a d ra n g u l a r p l a te s B ra n c h l e t sfra g i l e , ro ug h l y s c a l y , ro u nde d , 0 . l mm . i n d i ame te r . Ad u l t l e a ve s s ca l e - l i ke

,

o v a te o r e l l i p t i c , b r i g h t g ree n o r ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , l . 5- 2 mm . l o ng by - l mm .

w i de , w i th a d o rs a l g l a nd , de n t i c u l a te , s h a rp po i n te d , l oo se l y i mb r i c a te . Ma l ec o ne o ra n ge , 6 NHL l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , w i t h l2- l6 s ca l e s . Fema l e cone g l o b u l a r

,

b l u i s h - g ree n tu r n i n g ye l l ow - re d to da r k re d , w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom , re s i no u s ,

w i t h o ne who r l o f s c a l e s , 5-9 inn. l o n g , o n a ped u n c l e 3- 4 mm . l o n g . See d s o nepe r cone , s u bg l o bo s e , c he s tn u t - b rown , g roo ve d , 5-6 mm . l o n g .

S . Me x i co : C h i a pa s to S i e rra de l o s C u c h uma ta ne s , Gua tema l a , l600- 2300 m. .

J . HO R I Z ONTA L I S Moe n c h . C ree p i n g J u n i pe r

A p ro c umbe n t s h ru b , ra re l y to l . 2 m . ta l l , w i t h l o n g t ra i l i ng bra n c he s a ndw i t h n ume ro u s s ho r t b ra n c h l e t s . B ra n c h l e t s ro u nde d o r ne a r l y q u a dra ng u l a r .

Fo l i a ge d i mo rp h i c , s p re a d i n g , a roma t i c , e n t i re . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s i n o p po s i tepa i r s o r i n t h ree s , 2-6 mm . l o n g . Adu l t l e a ve s a c u te to c u s p i da te , 4 - ra n ke d ,

b l u i s h - g ree n o r s tee l b l ue , 2 mm . l o n g , w i t h a de pre s se d g l a nd , mu c ro na te ,

i mb r i ca te , s l i g h t l y s pre a d i n g . Fema l e co ne 6-8 rrm. wi de , o n s h o r t rec urve ds ta l k s , l i g h t b l ue , s c a rc e l y b l oome d , q u i te re s i no u s , w i t h um bo s , l-4 s ee de d .

S . Ca n a da : Br i t i s h Co l umb i a : Mo n ta n a ; I l l i no i s ; W . New Yo rkto E . Ma i ne .

J . JALI SCANA Ma r t . J a l i s co J u n i pe r

A de n se tree 5- 10 m . ta l l , to 50 cm . i n g i rth , w i t h a bro a d l y co n i c a l o rro u nded c rown a n d w i th a n e re c t tru n k . Ba rk f i b ro u s , s o ft , s po ngy , c i n n amo nbrown

,e x fo l i a t i n g i n s tr i p s . Bra n c h l e t s ro u n de d o r subtetragonal , l mm . i n

d i ame te r , po i n t i n g u pwa rd s a t w i de a n g l e s . Lea ve s s c a l e - l i ke , da rk g re e n ,

- l mm . l o ng , w i t h a l i nea r do r s a l g l a nd , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te ; a pex o btu se ,

s ho rt l y mu c ro n a te , free . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 4 mm . l o ng , i rre g u l a r l yg l o b u l a r , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n tu rn i ng re d - brown , b l oomy , 7-8 mm. l o ng . See d s5-7 per co ne , a c um i na te , a n g u l a r , g roo ve d , 3- 4 mm. l o n g by 2 mm . w i de

Me x i co : Du ra ngo , P ue b l o N ue vo ; J a l i s co , C ua l e , l450- 267O m

4 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

J . KOMA RO V I I F l o r i n Koma ro v J u n i pe r= J . g l a u c e s ce n s F l o r i n

A de n se sma l l t ree 3- l0 m . ta l l , w i t h s p re a d i n g o r pe n de n t b ra n c he s . Ba rk i nt h i n s tr i p s . B ra n c h l e t s s l e n de r , e re c t , ne a r l y ro u n de d to s omewha t q ua d ra n g u l a rJ u ve n i l e l ea ve s te rna te , s u b u l a te , 6 inn. l o n g , o va te - tr i a n g u l a r . Ad u l t l e a ve sb l u n t l y a c u te , s c a l e - l i k e , l - l . 5 mm . l o n g , i n wh o r l s o f 3 , t r i a n g u l a r - o v a te tol a n ceo l a te , k ee l e d , w i t h a co n s p i c uo u s ro u n d g l a n d a t t he ba s e o f t he l ea f

,

a pe x i n c u rv ed . Mo noe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne 2 mm . l o n g , w i th l0 o rb i c u l a r s c a l e s.

Fema l e co ne o vo i d to s u bg l o bo s e , pa l e b l ue to b l u i s h - b l a c k , b l oomy, 9- l0 mm

.

l o n g by 6-8 mm . w i de , re s i no u s , s c a l e s v i s i b l e a t the ba se . See d s o n e pe r co n e,

o bo vo i d , 6 mm . l o n g , ro u nde d a t t he a pe x .

C h i na : N.W. S ze c h ua n , Ts i pula; S . Ka n s u , 3200 - 4000 m. .

J . MONOS P E RMA ( E n g e l m . ) S a rg . One - s ee d J u n i pe r

A s h ru b o r sma l l t re e 3- 15 m . ta l l , 35- 75 cm . i n g i r th , w i th a s ho rt t ru n k a n dw i t h a de n s e , s p re a d i n g , s c ra g g l y c rown . Ba r k g ray , f i b ro u s , s h re ddy . Bra n c he sa s c e nd i n g , c u rv i n g u pwa rd s . B ra n c h l e t s nea r l y q u a d ra n g u l a r , l . 2 - l . 5 mm . i nd i ame te r . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , o p po s i te , 4 - ra n ke d , g ray - g ree n to ye l l ow - g ree n

,i n

who r l s o f th ree , l . 2 - l . 7 mm . l o n g , g l a n d s fa i r l y v i s i b l e , ma rg i n s f i n e l yde n t i c u l a te , a c u te , a pe x s l i g h t l y s p re a d i n g , th i c k e n ed a n d ro u nde d o n ba c k .

J u ve n i le l e a ve s i n t h ree s , l3 mm . l o n g , i n co n s p i c uo u s l y g l a n d u l a r . Mo n oe c i o u s .

Ma l e co ne w i t h 8- l2 o va l - a c um i n a te s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne g l o bo s e o r o b l o ng , wa r ty,

da rk b l ue , re s i no u s , b l oomy , 5- 7 mm . l o n g , w i t h o ne who r l o f s c a l e s , s u tu re l i ne sfa i n t , umbo s i n co n s p i c uo u s . See d s o ne pe r co ne , c he s tn u t- b rown , f i ne l y g roo ve d

,

5-6mm. l o n g by 4 - 5 nnu w i de , q u a d ra ng u l a r , s l i g h t l y e x po se d be twee n the s ca l e so f t he co ne , s ome t i me s f l a t te ned .

C . Co l o ra do to W . Te x a s ; N . Me x i c o : Tama u l i pa s , 9l4 - 2l34 m. .

J . MONOS P E RMA v a r . GRA C I L I S Ma r t . S l e n de r O ne - see d J u n i pe r

A s h ru b 3-8 m . ta l l , 30- 45 cm . i n g i r th , b ra n c he d from the ba s e . Bra n c he stw i s te d , c rown ro u n de d . Ba r k i n th i n s tr i p s o r l o n g o b l o n g p l a te s , da r k . U l t i ma tebra n c h l e t s 6- l2 mm . l o n g , l - l . 3 mm. i n d i ame te r , ve ry s l e n de r . Le a ve s b roa d l yo va te to o b l o ng - r hombo i d , l mm . l o n g by nm. w i de , a pex ro u n de d o r o b t u s e ,

m i n u te l y mu c ro n a te . Ma l e co ne o b l o n g , re d d i s h ,- 3 mm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne o va l ,

sma l l e r , a t te n u a te , da r k re d - g l a u co u s , 4 mm . l o ng by 3- 4 mm . w i de . See d s o n epe r co ne , o va te - a c um i na te , kee l e d , 4 mm . l o n g .

Me x i c o : S . Nu e vo L eo n to N . H i d a l go , l050- 2800 m. .

J OCC I DE NTAL I S Hoo k . f . We s te r n J u n i pe rJ . o c c i de n ta l i s v a r . a u s t ra l i s ( Va se k ) Ho l mg re n

A s h ru b w i th s e ve ra l u p r i g h t s tems o r a tree - 20 m . ta l l ,- 3 m . i n

g i r t h , w i t h a s ho r t tru n k a nd a broa d c rown w i t h s p re a d i n g bra n c he s . Ba rkre dd i s h - brown , f i ne l y f i s s u red i n to l o n g th i n s tr i p s . B ra nc h l e ts re l a t i ve l yt h i c k , ro u nded , to l .5 nun i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s ra re l y p re s e n t o nma tu re tree s . Adu l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , i n two s o r th ree s , i n s i x ra n k s , g rayg ree n , l . 5- 3 mm . l o ng , b l u n t l y a c u te , conspi cuosly g l a n du l a r o n ba c k , ma rg i n sf i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . Mo noe c i o u s , s ome t i me s d i oe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne 3 mm . l o n g ,

w i t h l2- l8 o va l s ca l e s . Fema l e co ne ma tu r i ng i n 2 yea rs , o vo i d , b l u e - b l a c k

S i l b a,E n cyc l o p a ed i a C on i fe ra e 95

w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom , re s i no u s , w i t h 6- 9 s c a l e s , 6-9 mm . l o n g by 5-8 mm . w i de ;o v u l e s pa r t i a l l y v i s i b l e be twee n the s c a l e s o f the c o ne , s l i g h t l y p ro j e c t i n goutwards . Seeds 2- 3 pe r co ne , 6 mm . l o n g , th i c k s he l l e d , p ro fu s e l y g roo ve d .

S . Wa s h i ng to n ; W . I d a ho ; N.W. Ne va da ; E . C a l i fo rn i a , to 3048 m. .

J . OTEOSPERMA ( To rr . ) L i t t l e U ta h J u n i pe r— J . u ta he n s i s ( E n ge l m . ) Lemm .

A b u s hy tre e - l2 m ta l l , w i th a s ho r t tru n k a nd e rec t o r a s ce n d i ng bra nc he sfo rm i n g a n o pe n , ro u n de d c rown . Ba rk g ray , fu rrowe d , s h red dy . Bra n c h l e ts s ho r t ,

s l e n de r , s l i g h t l y q ua d ra n g u l a r , s t i ff , to 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve su s u a l l y i n t h ree s . Ad u l t l e a ve s u s ua l l y s c a l e - l i ke , i n who r l s o f 2 l i g h t ye l l owi sh- g ree n , l . 5 mm . l o ng , c l o s e l y a p p re s se d , s ho r t po i n te d , s omewha t a c um i n a te

,

g l a n d s u s u a l l y a b s e n t , ma rg i n s f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . Mo noe c i o u s . Ma l e c o ne sub

g l o bo s e o r o vo i d , 2 . 5 mm . l o n g , w i t h l8- 24 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o n e g l o bu l a r o rb ro a d l y e l l i p s o i da l , b l u i s h - b l a c k w i t h a wh i t i s h bloom, becoming re d - b rown at

ma t u r i ty , 7- l5 mm . i n d i ame te r , w i t h o ne who r l o f s ca l e s , w i th sma l l umbo s ;o v u l e s v i s i b l e a n d s l i g h t l y p ro tru d i n g o u twa rd s be twee n the s ca l e s . See d s l - 2pe r co ne , o vo i d , po i n te d , 7 mm . l o n g , ke e l ed .

E . I da ho to W . New Me x i co , 9l4 - 2438 m. .

J . OX Y C E DRU S L . Me d i te rra ne a n J u n i pe r— J . ma c ro c a rpa S i b t h . et Sm .

A s h ru b o r sma l l tree 6- l0 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r t h . Ba rk pa l e re d - brown tol i g h t g ray , smoo t h , the n pee l i n g i n l o ng s tr i p s . Bra nc he s e re c t , s prea d i n g o ra s ce n d i n g . B ra n c h l e t s ra the r s l e nde r , s h o r t , o b tu se l y 3- a n g l e d , ba r k ye l l ow i s hb rown . B u d s s ca l e - l i k e , d i s t i n c t from the l e a ve s . Lea ve s need l e - l i ke , l i ne a r ,

s prea d i n g , g ree n , l . 2- l .8 cm . l o n g by l - l . 5 mm . w i de , i n who r l s o f t h ree ,

w i t h a l o ng s p i ny a pe x , ma rg i n s g ree n i s h , w i th 2 wh i te ba n d s be l ow , prom i ne n t l yk ee l e d , no n - g l a n d u l a r . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e c o ne s u bg l o bo se , l nnu l o n g , a t t i p s o fb ra n c h l e t s . F ema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , g l o bo se , s u b se s s i l e w i th 6 s ca l e s , 6- l2 mm .

i n d i ame te r , re dd i s h - b rown , s ome t i me s w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom , umbo s w i th as ho r t s p i ne , s u tu re l i ne s fa i n t . See d s mo s t l y 3 o r 2 pe r co ne , ra re l y l - 4 s ee d spe r co ne , bro a d l y o va te , red - b row n , w i t h 2 kee l e d re s i n g l a n d s a t the ba s e .

Med i te rra ne a n Re g i o n : Po r tu g a l to N . I ra n , 2l00- 3l50 m. .

J . O X Y C E DR US v a r . TRANSTAGNA ( Fra nco ) S i l ba Po rtug ue se J u n i pe r

A fa s t i g i a te s h ru b w i t h q ua d ra ng u l a r bra n c h l e t s . Le a ve s need l e - l i k e ,

sma l l e r , 4 -8 mm . l o ng by l - l . 5 mm. w i de , o l i ve - g ree n w i t h a p rom i ne n t m i d r i b ,

s i l v e ry - g l a u co u s be l ow , co n c a ve , s p i ne - t i p pe d . Ma l e co ne ax i l l a ry , l . 5- 2 mm .

l o ng w i th 8— l0 a c u te s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , b l u i s h - brown a t f i r s t t he nma tu r i ng re dd i s h , to 10 um. l o ng by 6 um. w i de , s u tu re l i ne s fa i n t , w i t h sma l la p i ca l umbo s .

S .W. Portugal ,between A ze i ta o a nd Co i na , ma r i t i me a re a s , mo s t l y s o u t h o fthe r i ve r Te j o .

96 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

J PHOENI CEA L . P hoe n i ce a n J u n i pe rJ . c a na r i e n s i s G uyo t

A de n s e py ram i d a l s h ru b o r a tree 2-6 m . ta l l , w i th u p r i g h t o r a s c e nd i n gbra n c he s . B ra nc h l e t s ro u n de d , f i ne , l mm. i n d i ame te r , no n - f l a t te n ed

,n ea r l y

p i n na te . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s i n t h ree s o r fo u r s , 6 mm . l o n g , wi t h 2 ba n d s o f s tomata .

Ad u l t l e a ve s u s ua l l y s c a l e - l i k e , i n th re e s o r o p po s i te , rh omb i c - o va te , l mm . l o n g,

o b tu s e , d u l l d a r k o r b l u i s h - g ree n , a p p re s se d , ro u nde d o n ba c k , w i th a n o b s c u reg l a nd u l a r de p re s s i o n , ma rg i n s f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , a pe x po i n ted . Mo n oe c i o u s o rra re l y d i oe c i o u s . Ma l e c o ne o n s ho r t b ra n c h l e ts , w i t h l0- l2 o rb i c u l a r s c a l e s .

Fema l e c o ne r i pe n i n g i n 2 yea rs , u s u a l l y g l o bo s e , 8 mm . w i de , o n a c u rve dped u n c l e , s h i ny ye l l ow o r re dd i s h - b rown , w i t h 6-8 o p po s i te s c a l e s , s u t u re l i ne so b s c u re , w i th re c u rve d o b t u s e umbo s . See d s 3-6 pe r c o ne , s ome t i me s to l2 pe r co ne ,

nea r l y tr i a n g u l a r .

Med i te rra ne a n Re g i o n : Ca n a ry I s l a n d s to I s re a l , l000- 2400 m. .

J . PINCHOTI I S u dw . Ea s te rn P i n c ho t J u n i pe r

A sma l l t ree o r s h r u b to 6 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , b ra n c h i ng from t heba s e . Tr u n k m u l t - s temmed o r w i th a b ro a d , i r re g u l a r c rown . Ba r k l i g h t b rown o rg ray , fu rrowe d i n to th i n , f i ne , s ca l y r i d ge s . B ra n c h l e ts u s u a l l y s omew h a tro u n ded , s l e nde r , t h i c k . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 6-8 mm . l o n g . Adu l t l e a ve s u s u a l l y i nth ree s , s c a l e - l i ke , l . 5 mm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s h - g re e n , co n s p i c u o u s l y g l a n d u l a rp i t te d , ro u nde d o n ba c k , ma rg i n s de n t i c u l a te . D i o ec i o u s . Fema l e c o ne s u bg l o bo s e ,

6- l0 mm . i n d i ame te r , re dd i s h - b rown , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , s u t u re l i ne s fa i n t , um bo si n co n s p i c uo u s , w i t h l - 2 s ee d s . See d s s omewha t s p he r i c a l , o b tu s e , prom i ne n t l ya n g l e d , 6 mm . l o ng by 5 mm . w i de , l i g h t b rown .

S .W. O k l a homa to W. Te x a s ; Me x i c o : C h i h u a h u a , 305- l524 m. .

J . PINCHOTI I va r . ERYTHROCARPA ( Co ry ) S i l b a We s te rn P i n c ho t J u n i pe r

A s h ru b o r sma l l tree to 5 m . ta l l , to 20 cm . i n g i r t h . C rown w i t h a n o pe n ,

i rre g u l a r ha b i t a nd s p re a d i ng b ra n c he s . Ba rk re dd i s h - brown , fu rrowe d , s h re ddy .

Bra nc h l e ts q u a d ra ng u l a r , s e a s o n a l bra nc h l e ts l cm . l o ng . Lea ve s s ca l e - l i ke ,

g ray - g re e n to b r i g h t g ree n , i n 4 rows , to l . 5mm. l o n g , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te ,

g l a nd s o b s c u re , g l a nd s mo re a ppa re n t o n se co n da ry bra nc h l e t s . Ma l e co nes u bg l o bo s e o r o b l o n g , 2 nnn l o n g , w i t h l2 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne b r i g h t red w i t ha fa i n t g l a u c o u s b l oom , g l o bo se o r b i l o be d , 5-8 mm . i n d i ame te r , s u tu re l i ne sfa i n t , w i t h sma l l umbo s . Se e d s o va te to py r i fo rm , s tr i a te d , a c um i na te , o nepe r co ne , 5 rrm. l o n g by 4 mn. w i de , b rown .

S . Ar i z . to S .W. Te xa s to N . Za c a tec a s , Mex i co , 9l4 - l524 m. .

J . PINGI I C he n g P i n g J u n i pe r

A tree l0- 30 m . ta l l , l - 3 m . i n g i r th . Ba r k g ray - brown , f i s s u re d . B ra nc h l e tsq u a dra n g u l a r , th re a d - l i ke , s l i g h t l y c u rve d , ofte n pe nde n t . Le a ve s nee d l e - l i ke ,

a c u te , l o o s e l y i mbr i ca te , s l i g h t l y kee l e d , 3 mm . l o n g , g ree n , w i th w h i tes toma ta be l ow , dec u rre n t . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , o n s ho r t pe du nc l e s , 7-9 mm . l o n g ,

o ne - s eede d , b l a c k i s h , s h i ny , w i t h 6 s c a l e s , 8 mm. l o n g by' 4» nnn w i de . See d s

o vo i d , ro u nded a t th e ba s e , a c u te a t the ape x , 6mn.- l o n g by 3 am. w i de .

C h i na : Y u n na n to S ze c h u a n , 2600- 3000 m. .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

98 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

J . PSEUDOSAB INA F i t s c h . et Mey . S i n k i a ng J u n i pe r

A l ow s h r u b , s ome t i me s 3- 4 m . ta l l . Ba r k a s hy - g ray . B ra n c h l e t s t h i c k , ro u n de do r nea r l y q ua d ra ng u l a r , 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s w i t h w h i te l i ne s .

Ad u l t l ea ve s b l u n t l y a c u te , h ump - ba c ked , g ray - g ree n , k ee l e d , l . 5- 2 mm. l o n g ,

w i t h a n e l o ng a ted g l a n d , w i th a d ee p g roo ve nea r t he ba s e , ma rg i n s de n t i c u l a te,

a pe x i nc u rv ed a nd free . Ma l e co ne o vo i d o r s u bg l o bo s e , pa l e ye l l ow . Fema l e c o neg l o bo s e to o bo vo i d , o n a rec u rv ed ped u n c l e , p u rp l e o r nea r l y b l a c k , no ng l a u co u s , l- l . 2 cm . l o n g by 5- 8 mm . w i d e , w i t h 4 -6 s c a l e s , umbo s po i n ted a t t h ea pex . Seed s o bo vo i d , g roo ved , o b t u s e , l - 2 pe r co ne , 5 mm. l o n g by 3 mm . w i d e .

U z be k to S i n k i a n g U i g h u r , C h i na , 2500- 3300 m. .

J . PSEUDOSAB INA v a r . TU R KE STA N I CA ( Kom . ) S i l ba Tu r k e s ta n J u n i pe r

A tre e to l2 m . ta l l , o r a s h r u b l e s s t ha n 2 m . ta l l w i t h a de n s e c rown .

Bra n c he s e rec t o r s pre a d i ng . Bra n c h l e ts f i ne , 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . Lea ve s s c a l el i k e , a bo u t 2 mm . l o n g , w i t h s tro n g l y i mp re s s ed g l a n d s , o b t u s e , s l i g h t l y kee l e d ,

ye l l ow i s h - g ree n . Fema l e c o ne g l o b u l a r , o r mo re fre q u e n t l y o b l o n g , l2 . 5- l6. 5 mm.

l o n g by l2 . 5 mm . w i d e , b l a c k i s h , s h i ny , s omewh a t g l a u co u s , ve ry f l e s hy . Seed so b l o n g o r s pa t h u l a te , 6 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , g roo ved , t h i c k s he l l ed , ro u n deda t th e a pe x , na rrowed a t th e ba s e .

Kazakhi stan to W. S i n k i a n g U i g h u r , C h i n a , 2800- 4000 m. .

J . R E C U RVA B u c h .

- Ham i l t . e x D . Do n H i ma l aya n Droo p i n g J u n i pe r

A broa d l y pyram i da l t ree to l o m . ta l l , w i t h s p rea d i ng c u rve d b ra nc h e s a ndpe nd u l o u s b ra n c h l e ts . Ba r k g ray - b rown , e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n f l a k e s o r s tr i p s .

Lea ve s need l e - l i ke , d e n s e l y i mbr i c a te , aw l - s ha ped , te rna te , l oo s e l y a p pre s s ed ,

po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s , l i n ea r - l a nceo l a te , 3-6 mm. l o n g by — l mm. w i d e , g rayg ree n , ma rg i n s pa l e , s ha r p l y po i n ted , ve ry co nc a ve be l ow a nd wh i t i s h , g roo vedbe l ow the m i dd l e a bo ve . Mo no e c i o u s o r d i o ec i o u s . Ma l e co n e br i g h t ye l l ow tobrown , a x i l l ary , 4 mm . l o n g , w i th l2- l6 s ca l e s . Fema l e co n e r i pe n i n g i n 2 ye a rs ,

o vo i d , 8- l0 mm . l o n g by 3-6 mm . w i d e , d a r k v i o l e t - b l u e o r b l a c k - p u rp l e - b rown ,

w i t h 3-6 s c a l e s , s u tu re l i ne s v i s i b l e , w i t h a n a c u te tr i a n g u l a r umbo o n th es ca l e s . Seed s o ne pe r co n e , o vo i d , b l u n t , t h i c k , p i t ted .

Afg ha n i s ta n to B h u ta n to N . B u rma to S . China: T i be t , 3000- 4000 m. .

J . R E C U RVA va r . CDX I I ( J a c k s o n ) Me l v i l l e Co x J u n i pe r

A l a rge tree 5- l2 m . ta l l o r mo re , w i t h a na rrow tru n k a n d w i t h pe nde n t b ra n c hets . Ba r k th i c k , o ra ng e - g ray , p rom i ne n t l y exfo l i a t i n g i n l o ng s tr i ps . Bra n c h l e t sl o n ge r a nd mo re pe nde n t . Lea ve s nee d l e - l i k e , 3-5 nnn l o n g by l mm . w i de , mo rel oo s e l y a rra ng e d , w i de l y s pa ce d , mo re acuminate ,wi th 2 g ree n i s h - wh i te ba nd sbe l ow , co nve x a bo ve w i t h a f i ne m i d r i b , s h a rp l y a c u te , ma rg i n s w h i te , a pe xs p i ne - t i p ped a nd wh i te n ed . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , p u rp l e , nea r l y b l a c k , s l i g h t l yb l oome d g l a u co u s , s h i ny , 8 mm . i n d i ame te r . Seed s o n e pe r co ne .

N . Bu rma to Y u n n a n , C h i na , 3000- 3400 m. .

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa e d i a Co n i fe ra e 99

J . R I G I DA S i e b . et Z u c c . Temp l e J u n i pe r

A s h r u b o r tree 8- l2 m . ta l l , w i t h a pyram i da l o r c o n i c a l c rown . Ba r k f i ne , s ca l y ,

d u l l b row n o r g ray a nd f u rrowed o n o l d t ree s . Bra n c h e s a s c e nd i ng , b ra n c h l e t spe nd u l o u s , yo u ng b ra n c h l e ts s l e nde r a nd tr i - a n g l e d . Bu d s d i s t i n c t from t he fo l i a ge

,

s ca l y , s c a l e s a c u te . Lea v e s need l e - l i k e , w i de l y s prea d i n g , l i nea r - s u bu l a te,i n

who r l s o f 3 , l . 2 cm . l o n g by l mm . w i de , dee p l y s u l c a te be l ow a nd w i t h ana rrow wh i te ba nd , k ee l ed prom i ne n t l y a bo ve , ye l l ow i s h - g re e n , a pe x s p i ny - po i n te d

.

D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e c o ne o vo i d , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , t i n ted v i o l e t , s c a l e s o vo i d - a c um i n a te.

Fema l e c o n e o n a s h o r t ped u n c l e , ma tu r i n g i n 2 yea r s , g l o bo s e , 6- l0 mm . l o n g by8 mm . w i de , brown i s h - b l a c k , b l o omy , s l i g h t l y s h i ny , w i t h 6-9 s c a l e s , s u tu re l i ne sv i s i b l e a nd th i c ke ned , w i th d i s t i n c t umbo s . Se ed s 2 - 3 pe r c o ne , a n g u l a r , re db row n , 5- 7 mm . l o ng by 3- 4 NHL wfi de , w i t h 3- 4 re s i n po c ke t s a t th e ba s e .

N. E . C h i n a ; Ko rea ; J a pa n , to l500 m. .

J . SAB I NA L . Sa v i n J u n i pe rSa b i na v u l ga r i s A n t .

An u p r i g h t s h r u b l - 5 m . ta l l , o r mo re o fte n l ow a n d s p rea d i ng . Bra nc h l e tss l e nde r , tw i s ted , ro u nd ed to ne a r l y q u a d ra n g u l a r , l mm . i n d i ame te r , w i t h as tro n g o ffe n s i ve s c e n t whe n c r u s h ed . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s s l i g h t l y s p rea d i ng , to 4 mm .

l o ng , co nc a ve , g l a u c o u s , m i dr i b prom i ne n t . Ad u l t l e a ve s s ca l e - l i ke , r homb i co va te , a pp re s s ed , o b t u s e o r b l u n t l y a c u te , l mm . l o ng , c l o s e l y i m br i c a te , da r kg ree n , w i th a sma l l ro u n d g l a n d nea r t he c e n te r o f the l ea f , l ea ve s i n who r l s o f3 . Mo noe c i o u s o r d i oe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne pa l e ye l l ow , w i th lO- l5 o vo i d o r sub

orb i c u l a r scales . Female c o ne o n a s c a l y re c u rved ped u nc l e , s u bg l o bo s e o r o vo i d ,

r i pe n i ng i n o ne ye a r , 5 mm . w i de , re s i no u s , w i th 4 -6 s c a l e s , b rown i s h - b l ue ,

bl oomy , w i t h a p i c u l a te umbo s . S ee d s u s u a l l y 2 pe r co ne , groo ve d , s h i ny b row n ,

ma rg i n s o b t u s e .

Ce n tra l a nd s o u th e r n E u ro pe to a nd C h i na , llOO- 3300 m. .

J . SAB INIOI DES Nee s Mo u n ta i n J u n i pe r— J . mo n t i c o l a Ma rt .

A s h ru b 2 - 4 m . ta l l , w i t h a tw i s te d tru n k , bra n c he d from the ba s e , a nd w i t h a ni rre g u l a r c rown . Ba r k f i b ro u s , i n ne r- ba rk v i o l e t . Bra nc h l e ts te t ra go na l , d i s t i c ho u so r s u bd i s t i c ho u s , l . 5 mm . i n d i ame te r . Lea ve s s ca l e - l i ke , ovo i d o r o vo i d - rh omb i c ,

b l u i s h - g ree n , l . 5 mm . l o n g , w i t ho u t g l a n d s o r w i t h a g l a nd n ea r the ba se , ma rg i n sf i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . Ma l e c o ne ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , 4 mm . l o ng , w i t h l2 s u bo rb i c u l a rs ca l e s . Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r , o n a l o ng ped u n c l e , da rk b l u e , a roma t i c , re s i no u s ,

7- 9 mm . l o n g , umbo s co n s p i c uo u s . See d s 3- 4 pe r co ne , a ng u l a r , a c um i n a te , 4-5 mm .

l o n g by l . 5- 3 mm . w i de .

Mex i c o : H i da l go ; J a l i s co ; Mi choachan, 2400- 4300 m. .

J . SALTAURIA Re h d . et W i l s . S zec h u a n J u n i pe r

A pyram i da l tree to l5 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r th o r mo re . Ba r k g ray - brown , i nt h i n s tr i p s . Bra nc he s de n s e , e re c t o r s p re a d i ng . Bra nc h l e ts ne a r l y q u a d ra ng u l a r ,

s ho r t , s l i g h t l y rec urved , l nnn i n d i ame te r . L ea ve s s ca l e - l i ke , a c u te to b l u n t l ya c u te , o b s c u re l y g l a n d u l a r , no n - g rooved , da r k g ree n , l -2 mm. l o n g , c l o se l ya ppre s sed , ape x no t i nc u r ved . Mo noe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne te rm i nal o n s ho r t b ra nc h l e t s ,

s u bg l o bo s e , w i t h 8- l0 d ec u s s a te s cal e s . Fema l e co ne e re c t , b l a c k , no t b l oomy ,

o vo i d o r s u bg l o bo s e , 5- 6 mm . l o ng , w i t h o ne who r l o f s ca l e s . Seed s o ne pe r co ne ,

100 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

smoo t h , 3- 5 mm. l o n g , o vo i d o r s u bg l o bo s e , g roo ve d , s ome t i me s w i t h a po i n te d a pe x .

C h i na : Ka n s u ; N.W. S zec h ua n ; Y u n na n ; T i be t , 2400 - 4 300 m. .

J . SC O P UL O R UM Sa rg . Ro c ky Mo u n ta i n J u n i pe r

A na r row l y c o n i c a l t re e 6- l5 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a s tra i g h t t r u n k,

becom i n g b roa de r , w i t h s to u t b ra n c he s a n d a m u l t i - s tenne d t r u n k . Ba r k re dd i s hb rown , s h re d d i n g i n t h i n s tr i ps . Bra n c h l e t s nea r l y q u a d ra ng u l a r , a ng u l a r

,o fte n

pe nde n t , s ho r t , l mm . i n d i ame te r . Fo l i a ge w i th a d i s a g reea b l e odo r w he n c r u s hed .

Lea ve s s c a l e - l i k e , g ray - g re e n to ye l l ow i s h , a c u te , 4 - ra n ke d , l . 5 mm . l o n g , w i th ag l a n d u l a r de pre s s i o n a t t he ba se . Mo noe c i o u s . Ma l e c o ne w i t h 6 s tame n s . Femal eco ne g l o b u l a r , br i g h t b l ue w i th a wh i t i s h b l oom , re s i no u s , 6- 8 mm . i n d i ame te r ,

ma t u r i n g i n 2 yea rs , w i t h o ne who r l o f s c a l e s , s u t u re l i ne s fa i n t , umbo s sma l l .

Seed s ge ne ra l l y 2 pe r co ne , re d - brown , a n g u l a r , g roo ve d , th i c k s he l l e d , w i th 2l o be s a t t he a pex .

S .W. C a n a d a ; W. U n i te d S ta te s : Ro c ky M t . Re g i o n ; N . Me x i co , l524 - 2743 m. .

J SEMI GLOBOSA Rege l . R u s s i a n J u n i pe rJ . drobovi i Sumnev,

=J , jarkendens i s schugani ca Kom . ,= J . ta l a s s i c a

Li psay ,=J . t ianschani ca Sumnev

An e re c t tree l0- l2 m . ta l l , w i t h a loose ,narrow,often wee p i n g c rown . B ra n c h l e tss l e n de r , pe nde n t , q u a d ra n g u l a r , l - 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s te re te , w i t ha wh i te med i a n ba nd be l ow , s h i ny , l o n g po i n te d . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , i mbr i c a te

,

r homb i c , o b tu s i s h , g ray- g ree n , l . 2 mm . l o ng , c l o s e l y a p p re s s ed , w i t h a n o b l o n gdo rs a l g l a n d . D i o e c i o u s . Fema l e c o ne s em i - g l o bo s e , f l a t l y tr u n ca te a t the a pe x ,

b l a c k , w i t h a s ca t te red b l o om , 6- 7 mm . i n d i ame te r , w i th 4 s c a l e s . Seed s 4 pe rco ne , 5 mm . l o n g by 3 nm. w i de , f l a t t i s h , c u nea te o r w i t h a c o n ve x a ba x i a l s u rfa c ea nd w i t h l a te ra l g roo v e s .

A fg ha n i s ta n ; Kazakhi s tan to S i n k i a n g , C h i n a .

J . S QUAMATA Bu c h .- Ham i l t . ex Lamb . F l a ky J u n i pe r

— J . morri soni cola Haya ta ,=

J, squama ta v a r . fa rg e s i i Re h d . et W i l s .

A pro s ta te s h r ub o r sma l l t ree l - 3 m . ta l l , w i t h de c umbe n t b ra n c he s a n da s ce nd i ng b ra n c h l e ts . Yo u n g b ra n c h l e t s g ree n , g roo ve d . Bra n c h l e ts t h i c k , s h o r t ,

ro u n de d o r tr i g o na l . Bu d s n a ke d , i n d i s t i nc t from the l e a ve s . Le a ve s ne ed l e - l i k e ,

te rna te , l o o s e l y a p p re s se d o r s l i g h t l y s p re a d i n g , b l u n t l y a c u te , l i nea r , f i ne l ypo i n te d , 3-5 mm . l o n g by l . 2 mm . w i de , gray i s h o r b l u i s h - gree n , co nc a ve be l owa nd wh i te ne d , c o n c a ve a bo ve a nd w i t h a l o n g g roo ve from the ba se to ne a r t hea pex , a pe x i n c u rve d . Fema l e co ne e l l i p s o i d to g l o bo se - o vo i d , 6-8 lnn. l o n g by5-6 rrm. w i de , re dd i s h - b rown t u r n i n g p u rp l i s h - b l a c k , ma tu r i ng i n 2 yea rs , w i t h 36 s c a l e s , w i th a s ho r t re c u rve d umbo . See d s o ne pe r co ne , o vo i d , 4 -5 mm. l o n gby 3- 5 mm . w i de , w i th 3- 4 g roo ve s , a pe x po i n te d .

Afg h a n i s ta n ; I nd i a ; C h i n a : T i be t to Anwhei ; Ta i wa n , l600-4000 m. .

J . STANDLEYI Steyerm. S ta n d l ey J u n i pe r

A l ow s h ru b o r sma l l tree - 2 m . ta l l , ra re l y to l5 m . ta l l , w i th de n s efo l i a ge . Bra nc h l e t s de n s e , d i s t i c ho u s , l- l . 4 mm . i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s

nnn l o n g by l . 5- l . 7 mm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s s ca l e - l i k e , br i g h t gree n , o v a teo r o b tu s e , l . 5 mm. l o ng , u s u a l l y w i t ho u t g l a n d s , ma rg i n s m i n u te l y too thed .

Ma l e co ne s omewha t g l o bo s e , 2 mm. i n d i ame te r . Fema l e co ne on a s ho rt re c u rvedpe d u nc l e , g l o bo se to s u b - co n i c a l , da r k brown , ve ry re s i no u s , 7-9 m . l o n g ,

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102 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

Ma l e co ne ye l low i s h - b rown , w i th lo- l2 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne ma t u r i n g i n o ne yea r ,

g l o b u l a r o r o vo i d , da rk b l ue wi t h a wh i t i s h b l oom , 6- l0 mm . w i de , re s i no u s , w i t h2 who r l s o f s c a l e s , s u tu re l i ne s fa i n t , um bo s i n c o n s p i c uo u s . See d s l - 2 pe r co ne ,

br i g h t b rown , g roo v ed .

S . E . Ca n a d a ; E . U n i te d S ta te s : S .W. Ma i ne to N . F l o r i da .

J . V I RG I N I A NA va r . S I L I C I CO LA ( Sma l l ) S i l ba So u t he rn Re d J u n i pe r

A sma l l b roa d l y o r na rrow l y co n i c a l t ree to l5 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h ,

w i th a b ro a d s p re a d i n g s ome t i me s f l a t te ne d c rown . Tru n k of te n bra n c he d fromt he ba se , the l owe r bra n c he s d roo p i n g . Ba rk re dd i s h - b rown , t h i n , f u r rowe d , s h re ddy .

Bra n c h l e t s 4 a ng l e d , s l e n de r , n ume ro u s , e re c t , s p re a d i n g o r s l i g h t l y d roo p i n g .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to l o mm . l o n g . Fo l i a ge a roma t i c . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , l i g h t toda r k g ree n , l . 5 mm . l o ng , i n 4 rows , o ve r l a p p i n g , a c u te , w i t h a n o vo i d g l a nd , ma rg i n ssmoo t h , s pre a d i n g , free a t the a pex . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne s e l l i p s o i d - cy l i nd r i c ,

5-6 mm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne o vo i d - g l o b u l a r to ne a r l y e l o n g a te d , re s i no u s , 7- l0 mm .

i n d i ame te r , da r k b l ue w i t h a wh i te b l oom , ma t u r i n g i n o ne yea r , s u t u re l i ne s fa i n t ,

w i t h sma l l umbo s . See d s l - 2 pe r co ne , 2 - 3 mm . w i de , brown , a c um i n a te , r i dg e d o nba c k .

S . E . U n i te d S ta te s : E . No r t h Ca ro l i n a to S . E . Te x a s , nea r sea l e ve l

J . WAL L I C H I A NA Hoo k . f . Wa l l i c h J u n i pe rJ . i nd i c a Bertol

A s h ru b l - 2 m . ta l l , o r a na r row l y co n i c a l t ree to 20 m . ta l l , w i th a s ce n d i n gs p rea d i ng bra n c he s . Ba r k re d - b row n , ex fo l i a t i n g i n s tr i p s o r s ca l e s . B ra n c h l e tss l e nde r , ne a r l y q u a d ra n g u l a r , l . 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . Fo l i a g e d i mo rp h i c . J u ve n i l el ea ve s i n th ree s , a c u te , wh i te ne d a bo ve , 4 mm . l o n g , c ha n ne l e d be l ow , ofte np re s e n t o n ma tu re tree s . Ad u l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , o p po s i te , 4 - ra n ke d , c l o s e l ya p pre s s e d , n a rrow l y o va te , a c u te , l . 5 1nn. l o n g , br i g h t g ree n , w i th a l o n g g ro o vea nd g l a n d u l a r o n t he ba c k , ma rg i n s w h i te n e d a nd f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , a pe x i nc u rve d .

Di o e c i ous . F ema l e co ne a t the e n d o f s ho r t c u rve d pe d u n c l e s , e re c t , r i pe n i n g i n2 yea rs , o vo i d , l0 mmm . l o n g by 8 mm. w i de , da r k p u rp l i s h - brown be com i ng b l ue ,

w i t h o ne who r l o f s c a l e s . See d s o ne pe r c o ne , o b l o n g to o vo i d , f l a t te ne d ,

g roo ve d , 6- 9 mm . l o ng by 4 -5 mm . w i de , w i t h 2 - 3 g l a n d u l a r de pre s s i o n s .

N . I n d i a ; Ne pa l ; B h u ta n ; C h i n a : T i be t a n d Y u n na n , 3000- 5200 m. .

KETE L E E R I A Ca rr . ( P i na cea e )

A ge n u s o f two s pe c i e s from S . E . A s i a to Ta i wa n . E ve rg ree n tree s w i th who r l eds p re a d i n g bra nc he s , pyram i da l whe n yo u ng , be com i n g f l a t - to ppe d w i t h a g e . B ra n c he sho r i z o n ta l . B ud s o vo i d o r g l o bo s e , no n - re s i no u s , l a te r pe rs i s te n t a t ba se o fs e a s o na l bra n c h l e t s . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s l ea t he ry , r i g i d , s h a rp - po i n te d . Ad u l t l ea ve sa p pea r i ng 2- ra n k ed by a tw i s te d pe t i o l e a t the ba s e , bu t s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed , l i nea r ,

no t g roo ved a bo ve o r w i t h a p rom i ne n t m i d r i b , pa l e g ree n be l ow w i t h a r i d ge o rm i dr i b , s h i ny , f l a t te ned , pe rs i s te n t o n d r i e d s pe c i me n s , w i t h 2 i n d i s t i n c t ba n d so f s toma ta , l e a v i n g a c i rc u l a r s ca r whe n fa l l i n g o ff . Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a s ho r ts c a l y pe d u n c l e , ax i l l a ry o r te rm i na l , a rra n ge d i n c l u s te rs o f 5- l o , w i t h ma nya n t he rs , a n the rs w i t h 2 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e cone s bo r ne e re c t , ma tu r i n g i n o neye a r , cy l i nd r i c a l , e l o ng a ted , w i t h pe rs i s te n t woo dy s c a l e s , no t s h edd i n g o rbrea k i n g a p a r t from t he ce n tra l a x i s ; bra c t s l o be d , a bo u t l/ 2 s i ze o f t he s ca l eo r sma l l e r a n d u s ua l l y h i d de n . See d s 2 pe r s ca l e , w i th o ne l o n g w i n g pro j ec t i ngb a c kwa rd s , a s l o n g a s t he s c a l e s . Co ty l e do n s 2 , ge rmi na t i o n o fte n hy po gea l .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pae d i a C o n i fe ra e 103

K . DA V I D I A NA ( Be tr . ) Bei s sn. Da v i d Ke te l ee r i a- K .

c a l c a rea C he n g et Fu,= K . c h i e n - pe i i F l o u s ,

= K . dogiana F l o u s ,

K. evelyiana Ma s t . ,

= K . fo rmo sa na hainanens i s C h u n et Ts i a n g ,

K.p u be s ce n s C he ng et Fu, K . roulleti i (A . C he va l . ) F l o u s

A tree l0- 50 m . ta l l , w i t h a n i rreg u l a r c rown . Ba r k da r k g ray , fu rrowe d . Bra n c hl e t s ye l l ow - g ray to re d - b rown , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . Bu d s o vo i d - g l o b u l a r , s l i g h t l yre s i no u s , re dd i s h . Le a v e s l i ne a r , da r k g re e n ,

-5 cm . l o n g by - 4 m . w i de ,

g l a u co u s be l ow w i th l2- l5 l i ne s o f s toma ta , w i t h few s toma ta a bo ve , e l l i p t i c i nt he c ro s s - s e c t i o n , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te o r a c um i n a te a n d no tc he d . Fema l e co ne sna rrow l y o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c a l , 8- 2l cm . l o n g by -6 cm . wi de , re dd i s h t he n g re e nt he n c he s t n u t - b rown to ye l l ow i s h - brown ; s c a l e s o vo i d o r nea r l y tr i a ng u l a r , o fte nre f l e xe d a t the t i p s ; b ra c t s a bo u t he i g h t o f t he s c a l e , 3- l o be d . See d st r i a ng u l a r , l . 5 cm . l o n g , w i t h a l o n g w i n g p ro j e c t i n g ba c kwa rd s . Co ty l edo n s 2-45. V i e t nam ; S . La o s : W . C h i na : Y u n na n to W. H u pe h , a l so o n Ha i na n ; Ta i wa n ,

BOO- 2600 m. .

K . FORTU N E I ( a . Mu rr . ) Ca rr . Fo rt u ne Ke te l ee r i a— K . cyclolepi s F lous ,

= K . o b l o n ga C he n g et Fu

A py ram i da l tree ll - 30 m . ta l l , w i t h ho r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s , bec om i n g f l a tto pped w i t h a g e . Ba r k co r ky , l i g h t b rown , re l a t i ve l y smoo t h . Bra n c h l e ts o ra n gered , smoo t h to s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . B u d s o vo i d , w i t h ma ny s ca l e s , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ,

red d i s h . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s s p i ny . Ad u l t l e a ve s l i ne a r , kee l e d , l . 2- 3 cm . l o ng by2 - 4 mm . w i de , b r i g h t da r k g ree n , pa l e r be l ow ; s toma ta a b se n t a bo ve , i n l5- 20 l i ne sbe l ow ; ma rg i n s re vo l u te , a pe x o b tu s e . Fema l e co ne o b l o ng - cy l i n dr i c , 6- l8 cm . l o n gby 5 cm . w i de , g ree n i s h - p u r p l e t he n re dd i s h - brown ; s c a l e s b roa d l y ro u nde d ,

no t ref l e xe d ; bra c t a bo u t l/2 s i ze o f the s c a l e . See d s s ho rt a nd b ro a d , n u tl3 mm . l o n g , w i t h a b roa d w i ng to 23 mm . l o ng o r mo re . Co ty l e do n s 2 . Mo noe c i o u s .

S . C h i n a : S . C he k i a n g to Kwa n g s i C h u a n g , 340- l400 m. .

LAR I X M i l l . ( P i n a ce a e )

A ge n u s o f n i ne s pe c i e s from N . Ame r i c a , Eu ro pe , A s i a a nd Ja pa n . Re s i no u s tre e sw i t h i rre g u l a r l y who r l e d s pre a d i n g b ra nc he s . Mo noe c i o u s , dec i d uo u s tree s o f coo l e rh i g he r e l e v a t i o n s . Te rm i na l b ra nc h l e ts g ro ove d , ro u g he ne d by fa l l e n l e a f ba s e s .

B ud s o vo i d , fre e from t he l e a ve s . L ea ve s l i ne a r , s p i ra l l y a rra ng e d o n te rm i na lbra n c h l e t s , c rowde d i n who r l s o n s ho r t s pu r s o n s i de bra nc h l e t s , need l e - l i ke ,

u s u a l l y f l a tte ne d , u s u a l l y k ee l ed be l ow , b l u n t l y a c u te , br i g h t g ree n tu r n i ngye l l ow i n t he a u tum n , s ta l k l e s s , s toma ta mo re n umero u s be l ow ; w i t h 2 re s i n c a na l snea r the o u ter ma rg i n o f ea c h l e a f . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n sma l l g l o bo s e to o b l o n gs o l i ta ry ca t k i n s w i t h n umero u s s ho r t - s ta l ke d s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed a n ther s , e nc l o se da t t he ba s e by brown f i mbr i a te d s c a l e s . B ra c ts o f fema l e s tro b i l i g rea t l yex ceed i ng th e s c a l e s be fo re po l l i n i z a t i o n . Fema l e co ne s u s u a l l y e rec t , ma tu r i ngi n o ne yea r , pe r s i s te n t o n the tree , g ree n o r redd i s h o r p u rp l i s h tu r n i ng b rown ,

s c a l e s pe r s i s te n t ; s ca l e s n ume ro u s , ro u nde d , f l a t te ned ; bra c t s tr i a ng u l a r o rl o bed , u s u a l l y h i dde n , s ome t i me s e x se rted . See d s 2 pe r s c a l e , w i t h a l a rge th i nw i ng p ro j ec t i ng ba c kwa rd s . Co ty l e do n s 6-8.

104 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

L DE C I DUA M i l l . E u ro pea n L a rc hL . e u ro pa ea DC . e x L amb . et DC .

A b roa d l y py ram i da l tree 35- 55 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i r t h , be com i n g i r re g u l a r

,

w i t h s h o r t s l e nde r b ra n c he s . Ba r k d a r k g ray i s h - b rown , fu r rowe d a nd s ca l y .

Bra n c h l e ts s l e n de r , smoo t h , ye l l ow i s h ; s i d e b ra n c h l e t s da r k b row n , p u be s ce n t wh e nyo u ng . B u d s o vo i d , go l de n - b rown to c he s tn u t - b rown , s mo o t h , s c a l e s a c u te ; s i deb ud s ro u n de d , s l i g h t l y p u be s c e n t , 2 mm . l o ng . L ea ve s s l i g h t l y f l a t te ned

, l cm.

l o n g by mm . w i de , k ee l e d be l ow , s o ft , br i g h t l i g h t g ree n a bo ve , no t ke e l e da bo ve ; s toma ta a bo ve , mo re n ume ro u s be l ow i n 2 fa i n t ba nd s ; a pex po i n ted . S i deb ra n c h l e t s w i t h l e a ve s i n who r l s o f 30- 40 . Ma l e s tro b i l i ro u nde d , pa l e ye l l ow

,

5- l0 mm . l o n g , bra c t ma rg i n s f i mb r i a te . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , o n a s l i g h t l y tw i s te dt h i c k ped u n c l e , i . 5-6 cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de , re d - brown tu rn i n g g ray ; w i th 40- 50

s u bo r b i c u l a r s c a l e s , l o o s e l y a p p re s se d a t ma tu r i ty ; s c a l e s ro u n de d , s omewha tre f l e xe d , l i g h t brown , ma rg i n s wa vy , s moo th o r s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t

,s ome t i me s

no tc he d a t the a pe x ; b ra c t s h i d de n , tr i de n t , a t ba s e o f the s c a l e ; s ee d w i n g se x te nd i n g to u p pe r ma rg i n s o f s c a l e s . See d s 4 -5 mm . l o n g , g ray i s h .

S . E . F ra n ce ; Sw i tze r l a n d ; N . I ta l y ; S . Ge rma ny ; Au s tr i a .

L D E C I DUA va r . POL ON I CA (Rac i b. ) Ostenf . et Sy r . La r s . Po l i s h L a rc hL . s u de t i c a Dom i n

A na r row l y co n i c a l t ree l5- 24 m . ta l l . Ba rk da rk b rown - g ray , w i de l y f i s s u re d .

Bra nc h l e t s s l e n de r , g e ne ra l l y pe n de n t , f i ne , wh i t i s h to ta n . Bu d s sma l l e r , o vo i dto s u b g l o bo s e , c l o s e l y p re s sed to the bra n c h l e t , c he s tn u t - brown , s l i g h t l y to de n s e l yp u be s ce n t , l . 2 - l . 5 nnn l o ng , no n - re s i no u s , s l i g h t l y s h i ny ; s i de b ud s f l a t te ne d a n ds omewh a t de p re s se d o n to p o f s ho r t s p u r s . Lea ve s f l a t te ne d , b l u n t l y a c u te tone a r l y s p i ne - t i p ped , l .5 cm . l o n g by - l . 2 mm . w i de , u s u a l l y l . 6- l . 8 cm .

l o ng o n s i de bra nc h l e ts . Fema l e c o ne o n a t h i c k pe d u n c l e , o vo i d o r f l a t - to pped ,

g ree n the n d u l l l i g h t brown , sma l l e r , l . 5- 2 cm . l o n g by l . 2- l . 5 cm . w i de ,

tru nc a te , w i t h fewe r s c a l e s ; s ca l e s mo re ro u n de d , i n c ur ve d a nd l e s s ema rg i n a te ;b ra c ts e re c t , l o n ge r a n d s l i g h t l y e x s e r te d , a bo u t l/ 2 s i ze o f t he s c a l e s o r mo re .

See d s o vo i d , 3 mm . l o n g , wi n g s l i g h t brown 3 mm . l o n g , w i n g s e x te nd i n g s l i g h t l ya bo ve u p pe r ma rg i n s o f th e co ne s c a l e s .

S . E . Po l a n d : Ly s a Go ra Re g i o n ; N . Czechslovakia : A l tva te r Mts . ; U . S . S . RN.W. U k ra i ne , l37- l900 m. .

L GME L I N I ( R u p r . ) Ru p r . Da h u r i a n La rc hL . da h u r i c a Laws .

A py ram i d a l tre e 20- 30 m . ta l l , be com i n g i rre g u l a r , w i t h w i de - s p re a d i n gb ra n c he s . Ba r k da r k re dd i s h - brown , f i ne l y s c a l y . Bra n c h l e ts re d - b rown , smoo t ho r pu be s ce n t , b l oomy . B u d s ye l l ow- brown to da r k v i o l e t- brown , no n - re s i no us ,

po i n te d , s c a l e s fre e ; s i de b u d s p u be s ce n t a t t he ba se , da r k b l a c k i s h - brown ,

s l i g h t l y re s i no u s . Le a ve s f l a t te ne d o r s l i g h t l y kee l ed be l ow , ro u n de d a t t hea pex , b r i g h t g ree n ; w i t h few s toma ta a bo ve , s toma ta n ume ro u s be l ow ; s l i g h t l yfa l c a te , 2-4 cm . l o n g , c ro s s - s e c t i o n t r i a ng u l a r- fl a t te ned . Ma l e s tro b i l ig l o b u l a r , ye l l ow i s h , 4 mm. l o n g . Fema l e co ne 2-4 cm . l o ng , w i t h 20-40 s c a l e s ;s ca l e s o va te o r o rb i c u l a r , no tc he d a t the a pex ; b ra c ts h i dde n , l o be d o ro va te - l a nceo l a te , d a r k er t h a n th e s c a l e .

S i be r i a , E . Ye n i s e i R i ve r .

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106 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

L.GR I F F I TH I I va r . MASTERIANA ( Re h d . et W i l s . ) S i l b a Ma s te r s L a rc h

A tree to 25 m . ta l l , to 80 cm . i n g i r t h . Ba r k g ray i s h - b row n , f i s s u re d . Bra n c he ss p re a d i ng ho r i zo n ta l l y , b ra n c h l e t s pe n de n t . B ra n c h l e t s pa l e ye l l ow i s h - brown ,

s l i g h t l y p u be s c e n t . B u d s o va te , o b tu s e , s c a l e s p u be s ce n t a t the ba s e . Le a v e sb r i g h t g ree n , l . 2 cm . l o n g , k e e l e d o n bo t h s i d e s , s l i g h t l y re c u rve d , w i t h2 ba nd s o f s toma ta be l ow , s ho r t po i n te d , a pe x a c u te ; s i de b ra n c h l e ts w i t h l e a ve s i nwho r l s o f 25- 40 . Fema l e c o ne s e re c t , o n s ho r t s ta l k s , o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c

,- 4 cm .

l o n g by l . 5- 2 cm . w i de , pa l e b rown ; s c a l e s o r b i c u l a r , he a r t - s ha ped , no tc he d a t thea pe x ; b ra c ts l o n g e x s e r te d , tr i a n g u l a r , red , re f l e xe d . Seed s 2 nnu l o n g

,w i n g

6-8 mm . l o n g , o bo vo i d .

C h i na : W . S ze c h ua n , Wa s s u Tr i ba l S ta te , N i u - to u - s ha n , 2300- 3500 m. .

L . KA EMP F E R I ( Lamb . ) Ca rr . J a pa ne s e L a rc h=L . l e p to l e p i s ( S i e b . et Z u c c . ) Go rd .

A na rrow l y c o n i c a l tre e 25- 40 m . ta l l , 3- 5 m . i n g i r th , w i th n ume ro u s , s ho r t ,

s p rea d i n g , ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r k g ray to ro se - b row n , f i s s u re d , ex fo l i a t i n gi n n a rrow s tr i p s . B ra n c h l e t s re d - b rown o r ye l l ow i s h o r c he s tn u t- b rown ,

smo o th o r p u be s ce n t , s l i g h t l y s h i ny . S i d e b ud s th i c k , s ho r t , red ; te rm i n a l b ud ss h i ny , red - b rown , re s i n o u s , e l o n g a te d o r co n i c a l , s c a l e s fr i ng ed a t t he ma rg i n s .

Lea ve s br i g h t b l u e - g ree n to l i g h t g ree n , no n - ke e l e d a bo ve , s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne d ,

p rom i ne n t l y k ee l e d be l ow , l . 5- 4 cm . l o n g by - l nnu w i de , a pex a c u te , w i th5 l i ne s o f s toma ta o n bo t h s u rfa ce s , c ro s s - s e c t i o n nea r l y tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l eco ne o vo i d to o va te , o n a s h o r t pe d u n c l e o r s e s s i l e , ye l l ow i s h - g re e n a t f i r s tthe n brown , l . 5 cm . l o n g by 2 - 3 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s ro u nde d to o va te , a pexno tc he d a n d s ca rce l y re f l e x e d , w i th a h i d de n l o be d bra c t a bo u t l/ 2 s i ze o f t hes c a l e . Se ed s br i g h t b rown , 3- 4 mm. l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , w i n g to 8 mm . l o n g a n dda r k b rown .

J a pa n : C . Ho n s h u a n d M t . F u j i yama , l2l9- 2800 m .

L . LA R I C I NA ( Du Ro i ) K . Ko c h Tama ra c k L a rc h

A co n i ca l tree l2 - 24 m . i n g i r th , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a n o pe n c rown w i t hhor i zo n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r k re dd i s h - b rown , s c a l y , t h i n . B ra n c h l e t s o ra n g e - brown o rb l u i s h , smo o t h to p u be s ce n t , g roo ve d , w i t h re s i n poc ke ts ; s i de b ra nc h l e tsb l a c k i s h . Te rm i n a l b u d s ro u n de d , s ho r t l y po i n ted , re s i n o u s , w i t h l0 smoo t h s c a l e s ;s i de b u d s da r k b rown , p u be s ce n t . Le a ve s 3- a ng l e d , b r i g h t g re e n o r b l u i s h - g ree n ,

l . 5 cm . l o ng by - l mm. w i de , no n - kee l e d a bo ve , s l i g h t l y f l a tte ne d , ve rys l e n de r , na rrow , l a te r ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , s toma ta p re se n t o n the u p pe r s u rfa c e , a pe xa c u te . Fema l e co ne l2- l9 mm . l o n g by - l cm . wi de , s ta l k l e s s , red - b rown tu rn i n gye l l ow i s h - brown , wi t h l2- 20 s c a l e s ; s c a l e s b roa d l y ro u n de d , h ump - ba c ked , smoo t h ,

o ve r l a p p i n g , w i t h a sma l l a c um i na te ba s a l b ra c t ; bra c t l/4 - l/2 s i ze o f t he s c a l e ,

h i dde n , te rm i na te d by 2 po i n t s . S ee d s re d - b rown to brown .

C . Ca na da to Newfo u nd l a nd ; A l a s ka to W . Ma ry l a nd , 5l8- l2l9 m. .

L . LYAL L I I Pa r l . S u ba l p i ne L a rc h'

A b roa d l y co n i ca l tree 9- l5 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a s tra i g h ttru n k a nd w i t h a n i rre g u l a r , s p re a d i n g c rown o f remo te l o n g bra n c he s . Ba r k d a r kred - brown , f i s s u red i n to i rre g u l a r s c a l y p l a te s . B ra n c he s s h o r t , s to u t .

Bra nc h l e t s w i t h de n se wh i t i s h o r b rown p u be s ce n ce , w i t h re s i n poc ke ts , ye l l ow i s hb rown o r g ray . B u d s b rown , ro u nded , w i t h ye l l ow i s h p u be s ce nce . Leave s pa l e b l u eg ree n ,

- 3 cm. l o ng by l mm . w i de , 4 - a ng l e d , s t i ff , s hor t- po i n ted , c ro s s - s e c t i o n

W i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 107

r homb i c,r i g i d , a c u te ; s i de bra n c h l e ts w i t h l ea ve s i n who r l s o f 40-50 . Fema l e

co n e s e l l i p t i c a l , nea r l y s ta l k l e s s ,-5 cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de , da rk

redd i s h - p u rp l e ; s ca l e s o va te , p u be s c e n t , re f l e xe d ; b ra c ts l o n g ex s e r te d , r i g i d ,

e re c t , a c um i na te , l o bed , re dd i s h . See d s tr i a n g u l a r , w i n g 9- 11 mm . l o n g , ro s eco l o re d .

N . I da ho ; W . Mo n ta n a , 1219- 2438 m. .

L . OC C I DE NTA L I S N u t t . We s te rn L a rc h

A na r row l y co n i c a l tree 24 - 46 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h ho r i zo n ta lb ra n c h e s . Ba rk re d d i s h - brown , fu rrowed i n to f l a t o ve r l a pp i ng p l a te s . B ra n c h l e tso ra ng e - brown , p u be s ce n t a t f i r s t , s i de b ra nc h l e ts c he s tn u t- brown . B u d s ro u n de d ,

w i t h 20 p u be s c e n t fr i ng e d s c a l e s , d a r k s h i ny c he s tn u t- b rown , re s i n o u s . Le a ve s3- a n g l e d ,

- 4 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , l i g h t g ree n , s t i ff , s ha rp - po i n te d ,

kee l e d be l ow , l i nea r , a pex a c u te , w i t h 2 l i ne s o f s toma ta o n e a c h s u rfa ce ; s i debra nc h l e t s w i t h l ea ve s i n who r l s o f 14 -40 . Fema l e c o ne s e l l i p t i ca l , cm .

l o n g by l . 5- 3 cm . w i de , o n s ho r t ped u n c l e s , b rown ; s c a l e s ro u nde d to o rb i c u l a r ,

p u be s ce n t , w i t h l o ng ex s e r te d e re c t l o be d bra c t s . See d s tr i a ng u l a r , po i n ted ,

wi ng 2 t i me s l a rg e r tha n the s eed .

S .W. Ca n a da ; N . Wa s h i n g to n to W . Mo n ta n a , 610- 2134 m. .

L POTAN I N I I Ba ta l . C h i ne s e La rc hL . c h i ne n s i s Bei ssn. ,

=L . h i ma l a i c a C he ng et Fu

A n a rrow tre e 25- 50 m . ta l l . Ba r k g ray o r g ray - b rown , f i s s u red . B ra nc he s s ho rt ,

ho r i zo n ta l , pe nde nt . Bra n c h l e t s s p a r s e l y pu be s ce n t to smo o t h , re d - brown o r o ra n gebrown tur n i ng g ray . B ud s o vo i d , re s i no u s , da r k re dd i s h - brown . Le a ve s g ray - g ree nto g l a u co u s , f i ne , s l i g h t l y kee l e d o n 2 fa ce s , s toma ta o n mo s t fa ce s i n 1- 2 l i ne s ,

l . 5- 3 cm . l o ng by l - l . 5 mm . w i de , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te o r o b tu se , mu c ro n a te , c ro s ssec t i o n nea r l y q ua d ra n g u l a r ; l ea ve s i n who r l s o f 50 o n s i de bra nc h l e t s . Fema l eco ne o vo i d - o b l o n g , s e s s i l e , red - p ur p l i s h t he n v i o l e t - b rown o r g ray - b rown ,

cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; s c a l e s t h i c k , ro u nde d to s u bo r b i c u l a r , ma rg i n s e n t i re ;bra c t s ex se r te d beyo n d th e s ca l e s , e re c t , l o ng - a c um i na te , redd i s h to b l a c k , to12 um. l o ng a nd re l a t i ve l y bro a d . Seed to 3 mm. l o n g wi th a w i n g 6 mm . l o n g .

C h i na : T i be t ; S ze c h u a n ; Ka n s u ; S he n s i , 2500- 4 200 m. .

L R USS I CA ( E nd l . ) Sa b . e x Trautv. S i be r i a n La rc hL . s i b i r i c a Le de b =L . sukaczewi i Dyl i s

A pyram i da l tree to 40 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i th a s tra i g h t o r s l i g h t l ytw i s te d tr u n k , a n d w i t h s ho rt a s ce nd i n g bra nc he s . Bar k b r i g h t b rown , f i s s u re d i n topl ate s . Bra n c h l e ts l i g h t ye l l ow i s h - g ray , p u be s ce n t , ne a r l y smoo t h i n the 2nd ye a r .

Te rm i na l b u d s da r k gray i s h - b rown , s ca l e s fr i n ge d , near l y b l a c k a t t he ba se ; s i deb ud s g ray i s h , p u be s ce n t a n d b l a c k i s h ne a r the ba s e . Lea ve s f l ex i b l e , no n - kee l e da bo ve , s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne d , da r k g ree n , w i t h 2 fa i n t ba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow , w i t hfa i n t s toma ta a bo ve a l s o ,

-5 cm . l o ng , c ro s s - se c t i o n f l a t te ne d , a pex po i n te d ;l e a ve s o n s i de bra n c h l e t s i n who r l s o f 20- 35. Ma l e s tro b i l i ye l l ow i s h , 8 mm . l o n gby 5 mm. wi de . Fema l e co ne o vo i d o r o vo i d - cy l i ndr i c , cm . l o n g , w i t h 30s ca l e s ; s c a l e s b l u n t l y o va te , i n c u rve d , f i ne l y p u be s ce n t o n t he ba c k , w i t h ah i dde n l o be d bra c t a bo u t s i ze o f t he s ca l e . See d w i n g s no t ex te nd i ng to theu p pe r ma rg i n o f t he s ca l e s .

S i be r i a , A l ta i Mo u n ta i n s , 762 - 1524 m. .

108 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

L I BOC E DR US E nd l . ( C u p re s s a c ea e )

A g e n u s o f e i g h t s pe c i e s from A u s tra l a s i a a n d So u t h Ame r i c a . Ba r k t h i n, ex fol iat

i n g i n l o n g s tr i p s . B ra n c h l e t s d i s t i c ho u s l y d i v i ded a n d f l a t te ne d i n to fe rn - l i k es pray s . B u d s i n co n s p i c uo u s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s re l a t i ve l y l o n g a n d s p rea d i n g . A du l tl e a v e s s c a l e - l i k e , f l a t te ned , dec u s s a te , fa c i a l pa i rs s ho r t - de c u rre n t

,sma l l

,

a c u te , pa l e r be l ow o r w i t h s toma ta , g l a n d s a b s e n t o r o b s c u re . Mo no e c i o u s . Ma l ec o ne s o b l o ng w i t h 6- 10 de c u s s a te l y a r ra ng e d pe l ta te s po ro p hy l l s , w i th g e ne ra l l y4 po l l e n s a c s o n ea c h s po ro p hy l l . Fema l e c o ne s e rec t o r pe nde n t , s ta l k l e s s

,o fte n

s u b te n ded a t th e ba s e by a few e l o n ga te d s c a l y l ea ve s , c o ne o vo i d , r i pe n i ng i no ne yea r , w i th 4 dec u s s a te va l v a te s c a l e s , o u te r pa i r o f s ca l e s sma l l e r a nd s te r i l e

,

i n ne r pa i r fe r t i l e w i t h l - 2 s ee d s w i th 2 ve ry u ne q u a l w i n g s o n bo t h s i de s o ft he n u t .

L . ARFAKENSI S G i bb s . Arfa k LibocedarPapuacedrus arfakens i s ( G i b b s ) L i

A co n i c a l tree 27- 35 m . ta l l . Ba r k red , s c a l y . B ra n c h l e t s a r t i c u l a te , f l a t te ne d .

J u ve n i l e l ea ve s l i g h t g ree n , t he o u te r pa i r l a rg e r th a n a n d s l i g h t l y o ve r l a p p i n gt h e fa c i a l pa i r , to 2 cm . l o n g . Ad u l t l ea ve s b l u n t , b roa d l y o b tu s e , da r k g ree n ,

4 -5 mm . l o n g , b ro a de r towa rd s the a pe x wh i c h i s no t s p re a d i n g , wi t h few fa i n ts toma ta l l i ne s be l ow . Ma l e c o ne cm . l o n g , w i t h 20 s c a l e s . F ema l e co ne o vo i d

,

7-8 mm . l o n g by 5 mm . w i de , w i t h 4 s c a l e s , o u te r p a i r o vo i d , i n n e r pa i r o fs c a l e s e l o n g a te - o v a te , w i t h sma l l umbo s n ea r the ba s e o f t he s ca l e s . See d s ta n

,

w i t h 2 l a rg e u ne v e n w i ng s .

New G u i nea : D u t c h New G u i ne a , A rfa k Mo u n ta i n s , 2300- 2600 m. .

L . A USTRO -CALEDONI CA H umbo l d t Libocedar

A s h r u b o r sma l l co n i ca l tree 1-6 m . ta l l , w i t h a n o pe n c rown . Ba r k b rown ,

f i b ro u s , s c a l y . B ra nc h l e t s f i ne , f l a t te ned , Se l a g i ne l l a - l i ke , i n a V- l i k e pa tte rn .

J u ve n i l e l ea ve s l i n e a r , a c u te , 5-6 mm . l o n g by 1 mm. w i de , w i de l y s pa c ed . Ad u l tl e a ve s o b tu s e l y tr i a n g u l a r , 2 mm . l o n g , i n c u rved , i mb r i ca te ; fa c i a l l e a ve s a c um i n a te ,

1 mm . l o n g , k ee l e d ; ma rg i n a l l e a ve s f l a t te ne d , s p rea d i ng , 4 -6 mm . l o n g , b l u n t l ya c u te , h ump - ba c k ed . Ma l e co ne s ho r t l y o va te to o b l o n g , q ua d ra n g u l a r , 5-6 rim. l o n gby 2 mm . w i de , w i t h 16- 24 de c u s s a te s c a l e s . Fema l e co n e 10- 12 mm . l o n g , ma rg i n a ls c a l e s o v a te - l a n ceo l a te a n d 6- 7 mm. l o n g ; fa c i a l s c a l e s s poo n - s h a ped a n d 4 -5 nnul o ng ; w i t h l o ng p rom i ne n t umbo s . See d s 1- 2 pe r s c a l e , n u t ovo i d , w i th 2 u neq ua lw i n g s , t h e l a rg e r w i n g o b t u s e , t he sma l l e r w i ng i s j u s t a t the ba s e o f t h e n u t .

S . New Ca l e do n i a : Mt . Koghi s ; M t . H umbo l d t ; Mt . des So u rce s , 700- 1300 m. .

L . B I DW I L L I I Ho o k . f . B idwi ll Libocedar

A de n s e pyram i d a l tree 20- 25 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r th . Ba r k l i g h t b rown , pee l i ngi n l o ng s tr i p s . J u ve n i l e bra nc h l e t s f l a tte ne d a nd fe a the ry , a d u l t b ra n c h l e t s d i s tinctly 4

- s i de d . L ea ve s dee p gree n to d u l l b l ue - g ree n , a c u te , a p p re s s ed , mm .

l o n g , nea r l y u n i fo rm i n s i ze , tr i a n g u l a r , p a l e r be nea th , a pe x s l i g h t l y i n c u rve d ,

re s i n s ce n ted . Ma l e co ne cy l i nd r i c a l , mm. l o n g , w i t h 7-12 s po ro p hy l l s , w i t h4 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , 6-8 mm . l o ng , w i t h 4 s c a l e s ; umbo s l o n g po i n te da n d pro j e c t i ng o u twa rd s . See d s 2 fe r t i l e pe r co ne .

New Zea l a nd : W . No r t h I s l a n d , Thame s a nd N.W. So u th I s l a n d , 300-2000 m. .

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110 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

L . PL UMOSA ( D . Do n ) Sa rg . Kawa k a Li bocedar

A de n s e l y co n i c a l tree 18- 30 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th . Ba rk l i g h t b row n ,

l oo s e , i n l o n g s tr i n gy s t r i p s to 12 cm . w i de . B ra n c h l e t s d i s t i nc t l y j o i n t - l i ke ,

S e l a g i ne l l a - l i k e , f l a t te n ed , d i s t i c ho u s ,- 3 mm . i n d i ame te r , mu c h comp re s s ed ,

p i n na te l y d i v i de d . Fo l i a g e d i mo r p h i c i n 4 - ra n k s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s ve ry u ne q ua l ,

to 5 mm . l o n g . Ad u l t l e a v e s s c a l e - l i ke ; l a te ra l l ea ve s s p rea d i n g , a c u te a t t hea pe x

, 3 mm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , o ve r l a p p i n g a nd a p p re s s ed , w i t h a wh i te ba n dbe l ow ; fa c i a l l e a ve s mm . l o n g , g ro o ve d , o v a te , a c u te , w i t h a n o b s c u re g l a n d .

Ma l e co ne to 5 nnn l o n g , w i th 8- 12 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne o vo i d , cm . l o ng ,

w i th 4 s c a l e s , s ca l e s w i th a l o n g c u rve d umbo . See d s o ne pe r fe r t i l e s c a l e ,

g e ne ra l l y o n e pe r co ne , o ne wi n g i s o b l i q ue , the o the r w i n g m u c h sma l l e r .

New Ze a l a nd : N.W. No r th I s l a n d to We s tha ve n , S . I s l a n d , 800- 3800 m. .

L . YATEENSI S Gui l laumin Ya te Libocedar

A s h r u b o r tree 2 - 12 m . ta l l , w i t h l o ng ho r i zo n ta l bra nc he s . Ba r k f i b ro u s ,

e x fo l i a t i n g i n t h i n s tr i p s , ta n o r re d - brown ; woo d ve ry fra g ra n t . B ra n c h l e t s i na V- l i k e pa t ter n . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l i nea r , a c u te , 5- 10 mm . l o n g , l oo s e l y i mb r i c a te ,

s p i ne - t i p ped . Ad u l t fa c i a l l e a v e s c l o s e l y i mb r i c a te , t r i a n g u l a r , a p i c u l a te ,

kee l ed , 1 mm . l o n g ; ma rg i n a l l ea v e s f l a t te ne d , s p rea d i n g , 4 -6 mm . l o n g , p u nge n t ,

a t te n ua te a t the ba s e . Mo noe c i o u s . Ma l e co ne w i t h 14 - 20 de c u s s a te s c a l e s , po i n te d ,

w i t h 4 po l l e n s a c s , co ne cy l i n d r i c a l , 6- 10 mm . l o ng ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s s p rea d i ng ,

a c um i na te . Fema l e c o ne 9- 10 mm . l o n g , w i t h 4 s c a l e s ; ma rg i na l s ca l e s l a n ceo l a te6- 7 nnn l o n g , s u b te n de d by a c u te l y po i n te d l e a ve s ; fa c i a l s c a l e s o va l , mm .

l o n g , ro u nde d a t th e a pe x . Seed s w i th a n a c um i na te a pex o n t he n u t , the l a rg e rw i ng na rrowed a nd s omewh a t c u rve d , t he sma l l e r w i n g i s j u s t a t the ba s e o f the n u t .

S . E . New Ca l edo n i a : R i v i e re B l e u e a n d Du i n ne R i ve r,150- 250 m. .

METAS EQUO I A S . M i k i ( Ta xo d i a cea e )

A mo no typ i c g e n u s from C h i na . A de c i duo u s , u s ua l l y d i oe c i o u s t ree o f co n i c a lh a b i t , e ve n tua l l y be com i n g rou n d - to p pe d . Tru n k w i t h a b roa de ne d ba s e , o fte nbu t tre s s e d . La te ra l bra n c h l e t s de c i d uo u s . B ra nc h l e t s o p po s i te , f l a tte ne d , i n ap i n na te fe rn - l i ke s p ray , ba r k re dd i s h - b rown o n the bra n c h l e t s . B u d s o vo i d , freefrom the l e a ve s , no n - re s i no u s , l a te r pe rs i s te n t s c a l e s a t the ba se o f b ra n c h l e t s .

Le a ve s f l a t te ne d , pe c t i na te l y a rra ng ed , s omewha t po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s , o b tu s e , m i d r i bs l i g h t l y ra i s ed a bo ve , g re e n tu r n i n g p i n k i s h a nd g o l de n i n t he a u tumn , w i t h 2ba nd s o f wh i te s toma ta be l ow . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n l o ng ra ceme s o r pa n i c l e s , w i t h15- 20 de c u s s a te l y a rra n g e d s ca l e s . Fema l e c o ne s u bg l o bo se , woo dy , o n a l o ngped u n c l e , ma tu r i n g i n o ne yea r , w i t h 22 - 24 o va te s ca l e s t ha t s h r i n ke n s omewh a ta fte r ma tu r i ty , umbo s i n co n s p i c uo u s . Seed s 5-8 pe r s ca l e , f l a tte ned , ro u nded ,

w i th 2 broa d a nd somewha t u ne ve n w i n g s . Co ty l e do n s 2 .

M . GL Y PTOSTRO BO I DE S Hu et C h e n g Dawn Re dwoo d

A co n i ca l tree 35-50 m . ta l l , w i t h a butttressed tru n k , be com i n g ro u n d - to p pe dw i t h a ge . Ba r k red d i s h - b rown , be com i n g g ray i s h , f i ne l y f i s s u re d i n to e x fo l i a t i n g ,

t h i n s tr i p s . Bra n c h e s a s ce nd i n g ; bra n c h l e t s smoo t h , d i mo rp h i c ; e i t her pe rs i s te n to r de c i d uo u s . O l de r b ra nc h l e ts a nd te rm i na l b ra nc h l e t s pe rs i s te n t , ba rk redd i s hbrown . Sea so na l o r s i de b ra n c h l e t s g ree n , dec i d uo u s , cm . l o n g . Bu d s no n - re s ino u s , u s u a l l y o ppo s i te , o vo i d to e l l i p s o i d , 2-5 nnn l o ng , l i g h t red d i s h o r ye l l owbrown , s c a l e s o va te a nd k ee l e d . Le a ve s de c u rre n t , f l a tte ne d , g ree n i s h a bo ve ,

S i l ba , E n cyc l o pa e d i a Co n i fe rae

ye l l ow i s h be l ow , w i th 2 b a nd s o f s toma ta be l ow , l . 5- 2 cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de ,

pe c t i na te l y a rra n ge d , o bt u s e , m i d r i b s l i g h t l y ra i s e d . Ma l e s tro b i l i 7-8 mm . l o n g ,

w i th 15- 20 dec u s s a te l y a rra n ge d s c a l e s o n l o n g s p i ke s . Fema l e co ne s u bg l o bo s e,

da r k re d - b rown , l . 8- 2 5 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , ma tu r i n g i n o ne yea r,

de c i d uo u s , wi th 22 - 24 o v a te s c a l e s wh i c h s h r i n ke n a fte r ma tu r i ty,w i t ho u t

p rom i ne n t umbo s . See d s 5- 8 pe r s c a l e , b rown , 5 mm . l o n g by 4 mm . w i de,w i t h 2

broa d a nd th i n u ne v e n w i n g s . Co ty l e do n s 2 .

C h i n a : E . S ze c h u a n , Z ho n g l u ; S .W. H u pe h , X iahoe ; N.W. Hu na n,Lo n g s h a n

, 7501500 m. .

M I C RO B I OTA Koma ro v ( C u pre s s a c e a e )

A mo no typ i c g e n u s from S . E . S i ber i a . A mo noe c i o u s o r pe r ha p s some t i me sd i oe c i o u s s h ru b w i t h f l a t te ne d b ra nc h l e t s c u rv i n g downwa rd s a t the t i p s . Le a ve ssma l l , a l l - a l i k e , s c a l e - l i ke , no t d i ffe re n t i a te d i n to fa c i a l a n d l a tera l pa i r s

,

l i g h t g re e n , tu rn i n g red d i s h i n t he w i n te r , g l a n d u l a r , w i t ho u t prom i ne n ts toma ta , re s i n s c e n te d . Ma l e co ne s te rm i n a l , o v a l o i d , pa l e ye l l ow . Fema l e c o neg l o b u l a r , no n - f l e s hy , s ca l e s s e pa ra t i n g a t ma t u r i ty , co ne wi th 2 - 4 s c a l e s w i t ha m i n u te s p i ny umbo . Se ed s o ne pe r co ne , w i ng l e s s . Co ty l e do n s 2 .

M . D E C US SATA Kom . S u c h a n M i c ro b i o ta

A sma l l s h r u b to l m . ta l l , de n s e l y bra n c he d . Ba r k g ray - brown,s c a l y . Branchl

ets f l a t te ne d . L ea v e s nea r l y s c a l e - l i k e , o v a te , a c u te , 2 mm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de,

l i g h t g ree n , g l a n d u l a r . Fema l e co ne g l o b u l a r , 6 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , a ta pex or s ho r t b ra n c h l e t s , p u rp l i s h , w i t h 2 - 4 s c a l e s w i t h a m i n u te ce n t ra l umbo .

S ee d s ro u nd - o v a te , smoo t h , w i n g l e s s , d ry , a pex ob l i q ue l y ro u nde d .

S . E . S i be r i a , Sikhote A l i n P ro v i n c e , S u c h a n R i ve r Va l l ey,a bo ve

the t i mbe r l i ne .

M I C ROCAC HR Y S Hoo k . f . ex Hoo k . ( Po do c a rpa c ea e )

A mo no typ i c g e n u s from W . Ta sma n i a . A mo noe c i o u s s h ru b w i t h s na ke - l i ke ,

q ua d ra n g u l a r bra nc h l e t s . B u d s i n co n s p i c u ou s . Lea ve s s c a l e - l i ke , sma l l , w i t ho u tp rom i ne n t s toma ta ,

- 3 mm . l o n g , da r k g ree n , ma rg i n s f i ne l y p u be s ce n t , a pe xa c um i na te . Ma l e s tro b i l i o b l o n g , w i t h 20 s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne b r i g h t re d , o vo i d ,

wi t h 20-88 ro u n ded s c a l e s ; o v u l e s i n ve rte d , p a r t i a l l y co ve re d by a n epimatium;c o ne bra c ts becom i ng s u c c u l e n t a nd s c a r l e t a t ma tu r i ty . See d s m i n u te , w i n g l e s s .

M. T ETRAGONA Hoo k . Ta sma n i a n M i c ro ca c h ry s

A pro s tra te s h ru b , s e l dom to l m . ta l l . Ba r k smoo th . Bra n c h l e t s wh i p - l i ke ,

q u a dra ng u l a r , c u rve d o u twa rd s . Le a ve s 4 - ra n ke d , da r k g re e n , de c u s s a te , i mb r i ca te ,

- 3 inn. l o ng , ma rg i n s f i ne l y p u be s ce n t , a pex a c um i na te . Ma l e co ne te rm i na l ,

o b l o n g , 3 mm. l o ng , w i t h 20 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne o vo i d o r s p he r i ca l , i n who r l so f 4 g ro u p s e a c h , br i g h t re d , fl e s hy a nd tra n s l u ce n t , 6-8 rim. l o n g , w i t h 20-88ro u nd s ca l e s o r bra c ts . Seed s i nve r te d , e n c l o sed by a s c a r l e t a r i l , m i n u te .

Au s tra l i a : W . Ta sma n i a , Mo u n t La peyro u se , 1173-1346 m. .

112 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

MICROSTROBUS Ga rd . et Jo h n s . ( Podoca rpa ce ae )

A ge n u s o f two s pe c i e s from S . E . A u s tra l i a a n d Ta sma n i a . D i oe c i o u s s h ru b s to2 m . h i g h o r l e s s , w i th de n s e , s p i ra l l y a rra ng e d , o ve r l a p p i n g , o fte n 4 - ra n ke d

,

s c a l e - l i k e l e a v e s , l . 2 - 2 5 cm . l o n g , Da c r dium- l i k e , a pe x i nc u rved . Ma l e c o nee re c t , 2- 3 mm . l o n g , w i th 8- 15 s tame n s . Fema le c o ne e re c t o r n ea r l y so a tma t u r i ty , th i c k e ne d a t t h e ba s e , a pe x o b t u s e , w i t ho u t a n o v u l i fe ro u s s c a l e o repimatium. See d s se ve ra l pe r co ne , l i g h t b rown o r g ray , m i n u te , ha rd , ea c h s ee da t t he ba s e o f a n eq u a l l y s i ze d g l ume - l i ke s c a l e , w i n g l e s s .

M F I TZGERALD I I ( F . Mue l l . ) Ga rd . et Jo h n s . A u s tra l i a n PherosphaeraPherosghaera f i tzgeraldi i F . Mue l l . e x Hoo k .

A sma l l , s em i - p ro s t ra te , de n s e l y b ra nc he d s h ru b se l dom to 2 m . ta l l , w i t h l o n gs l e nde r b ra n c he s . B ra n c h l e t s to 2 mm . i n d i ame te r , de n s e l y c l o t he d , s em i - pe nde n t .

Le a ve s nee d l e - l i k e , s p i ra l l y a r ra ng ed , i n 4 -5 ra n k s , l o o se l y i mb r i ca te , kee l e d ,

o l i v e - g ree n , mm . l o n g , w i t h n ume ro u s wh i te s toma ta ; a pex i n c u rve d a n d freefrom t he bra n c h l e t . Ma l e co ne te rmi n a l , o vo i d o r s u bg l o bo s e , 2- 3 inn. l o n g

,w i t h

8- 15 s tame n s . Fema l e co ne te rm i na l , wi t h 4 -8 s c a l e s o r bra c t s ,- 3 mm . l o n g , a pex

o b tu s e . See d s a bo u t e q u a l i n l e n g th to i ts s u b te nd i n g b ra c t .

A u s tra l i a : New So u th Wa l e s , B l u e Mo u n ta i n s , 600-900 m. .

M . NI PHOPHI LUS Ga rd . et Jo h n s . Ta sma n i a n PherOSphaera=

_bgrggphggra hoo k e r i a na A rc he r et Hoo k .

A de n se l y bra n c h e d s h ru b l . 5- 2 m . ta l l , w i t h s t i ff , s ho r t bra n c he s . Ba r kp u rp l i s h - g ray , s c a l y , t h i n l y fu rrowe d . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , mm . l o n g by l 2mm . w i de , s tro n g l y k ee l e d , i m br i c a te , ove r l a p p i n g , i n 4 -5 ra n k s , re l a t i ve l yt h i c k , o b tu s e , g ree n , a pe x i n c u rved . Ma l e c o ne o vo i d o r s u bg l o bo s e , 2- 3 nnn l o n g ,

w i t h 8- 15 s tame n s . Fema l e co ne te rm i n a l , w i t h 4 - 8 s c a l e s , nnn l o ng , a pe xo b tu s e , w i t h n ume ro u s s ee d s .

A u s tra l i a : Ta sma n i a , Mo u n t F i e l d a n d L a ke Sa i n t C l a i r , 1000- 1300 m. .

NEOCALLI TROPSI S F l o r i n ( Cu pre s s a ce a e )

A mo no ty p i c g e n u s from New Ca l edo n i a . A s h ru b w i t h a ca nde l a bra - l i k e c ro wn a n dw i th Ara uc a r i a - l i k e fo l i a ge . Bu d s i n co n s p i c u o u s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s need l e - l i k e ,

a c u te , s p i ra l l y a rra n g e d , s p rea d i n g , no n - i mbr i c a te , g ra d u a l l y c ha n g i ng i n to t hea d u l t fo rm . Adu l t l e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , A ra u c a r i a - l i ke , l oo s e l y i mb r i c a te , i n de n s erows o r nea r l y 4 - ra n ke d , a c u te , w i t h a p rom i ne n t m i d r i b . Ma l e co ne s g l o b u l a r , a tt i p s o f b ra n c h l e t s , w i t h 12 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e c o ne s o vo i d , o n a s ho r t bra n c h l e t ,

w i t h 8 l a n ceo l a te s c a l e s i n 2 who r l s o f 4 ; s c a l e s s l i g h t l y o ve r l a p p i ng , s l i g h t l ys wo l l e n , w i th a l o n g i t u d i na l r i d ge o n the ba c k , a n d w i t h a p i ca l re f l e xe d n a rrowumbo s . See d s 1- 4 pe r co ne , o vo i d , w i t h 2 na rrow e ve n w i ng s .

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114 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I RS V I I I 1986

s tro b i l i o f tenc l u s te re d , a t t i p s o f b ra n c h l e t s , i n c a t k i n - l i k e s p i ke s . Po l l e ng ra i n s w i ng ed , as mo s t ty p i c a l Po do c a rpa c ea e . Fema l e c o ne s w i t h a re c e p ta c l ec o ve r i n g th e o v u l e a no t he r c ha ra c te r i s t i c typ i c a l o f t he Po doca rpa c ea e , w i t h o neto s e ve ra l s ee d s bo rne o n t h e ma rg i n s o f t he phyl loclades , cone swo l l e n

,f l e s hy

,

g l o bo s e . Se e d s e re c t , o ne pe r fe r t i l e b ra c t , ha l f e n c l o se d a t t he ba se by asymme tr i c a l a r i l , s ee d o vo i d , f l a t te ne d l o ng i t ud i na l l y , w i ng l e s s

P . AL P I N U S Hoo k . f . Mo u n ta i n Ce l e ry P i ne

A s h r u b o r sma l l t ree l . 5- 10 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s s ho r t e re c t b ra n c he s . Tru n kre l a t i ve l y s ho r t , to 40 cm . i n g i r th . Ba rk smoo t h , p u rp l i s h - g ray , w i th few , t h i n ,

e x fo l i a t i ng s c a l e s . B ra n c h l e ts n ume ro u s , s ho r t . J u ve n i l e p hy l l o c l a de s l inear , pointed,

cm . l o n g . Ad u l t p hy l l o c l a d s g ree n o r b l ue - g ree n , 8- 18 mm . w i de by - 4 cm . l o ng ,

ma rg i n s e n t i re o r tee the d , s e rru l a te o r i rre g u l a r l y l o b ed , s ho r t - s ta l k e d , a l te rna te,

o r a l mo s t o p po s i te . Ma l e s t ro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 2 -5, a t t i p s of l a te ra l b ra n c h l e ts ,

5-6 mm . l o ng , re dd i s h , pe d u n c l e s s ho r t o r a b s e n t . Mo noe c i o u s . Fema l e c o ne g l o bo s e ,

o n mo d i f i e d p hy l l o c l a de s , 8 mm . l o n g by 8 mm . wide ,‘

wi th 3-4 o v u l e s , co ne c r i ms o nre d . See d s sma l l , b l a c k , w i t h a p ro tr u d i n g n u t , 3 mm . l o n g , w i th a wh i te c u p u l ea n d a n iregularly l o be d ma rg i n .

New Ze a l a n d : No r th I s l a n d ; i n We s t l a n d s a nd So u t h l a n d s o f S . I s l a n d , 0- 1900 m. .

P . ASPLENI FOLI US ( La b i l l . ) Hoo k . f . Ta sma n i a n Ce l e ry P i ne

A tree 18- 20 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rth , o r re d u ce d to a s h ru b i n a l p i nea re a s . Ba r k d a r k , s ca l y , 2- 3 cm . th i c k . Bra n c he s th i c k , s h o rt , i r re g u l a r l yd i v i d e d . P hy l l o c l a de s rhom bo i d , g l a u co u s , fa n - s ha pe d ,

-8 cm . l o n g by l . 5- 2 cm .

w i de , no t p i n n a te l y com po u n d , ma rg i n s too t he d o r l o be d , a pex a c u te . Ma l e s t ro b i l i2-5 pe r c l u s te r , 3- 5 mm . l o n g , s u l p h u r -ye l l ow , pe d u n c l e u s ua l l y a b s e n t . Fema l eco ne so l i ta ry , o r 2 - 4 a t t he b a s e o f a mo d i f i ed p hy l l o c l a de , p i n k i s h - re d , 8 mm .

l o n g , wi th 3- 4 o v u l e s . Seed s o vo i d , 5 mm . l o n g , g re e n i s h - b l a c k to b l a c k , po i n te d ;a r i l wh i te ; re c e p ta c l e p u r p l i s h - red .

A u s tra l i a : W. Ta sma n i a , mo i s t a rea s , 500-800 m. .

P . G LA UC US Ca rr . B l ue Ce l e ry P i ne

A t ree 6- 15 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th . Ba r k da rk brown , f i s s u re d . B ra n c he si n who r l s . Juveni le' phylloclades g l a u co u s , 4 -6 cm . l o n g by 2- 4 cm . w i de . Fo l i a g ed i mo rp h i c . P hy l l o c l a de s o n ma i n s tems s o l i ta ry , fa n - s h a ped , l .8- 5 cm . l o n g by3 cm . w i de , ma rg i n s co a r s e l y - too t he d ; p hy l l o c l a de s o n b ra n c h l e ts a rra n ge d i nwho r l s , p i n n a te - l i k e , cm . l o ng w i t h 9- 17 coa rs e l y - too the d , fa n - s h a pe do r d i amo nd - s h a pe d se c o n da ry p hy l l o c l a de s , b l u e - g ree n , g l a u co u s u n de rnea t h .

D i oe c i o u s,s ome t i me s mo noe c i o u s . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 10- 20 , a t t i p s o f

s ho rt b ra n c h l e t s , cy l i nd r i ca l , l cm . l o n g , w i th a s to u t pe du nc l e . Fema l eco ne g l o bo s e , i n g ro u p s o f 8- 20 , o n a pe d u n c l e , p i n k i s h - re d , l cm . l o n g by6-8 mm. w i de . See d s 10- 20 pe r co ne , p ro j e c t beyo nd the s c a l e s , compre s s e d ,

b l a c k , 3- 4 mm. l o ng , w i t h a wh i te c u p u l e .

New Zea l a n d : N.W. No r t h I s l a nd , Au c k l a n d to Mt . Ta rawe ra , 850- 1000 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe ra e 5

P . HYPOPHYLLUS Hoo k . f . I n do ne s i a n Ce l ery P i n e- P . ma j o r protractus ( Wa r b . ) Pi lg . .

A s h ru b o r tre e 2 - 30 m . ta l l , w i t h who r l ed b ra n c he s . Ba r k red - brown to da r k brown ,

s c a l y,

smoo th , w i t h l a rg e l e n t i c e l s . B ud s g l o b u l a r , e nc l o s ed by t h i n bra c ts .

P hy l l o c l a de s da r k g ree n o r ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , g l o s sy , s ome t i me s g l a u c o u s be l ow ,

e l l i p t i c to tr i a ng u l a r , 3- 10 cm . l o n g by l . 8- 5 cm . w i de , dee p l y l o be d to a l mo s ten t i re a l o n g a p i c a l ma rg i n , w i t h a pe t i o l e 6- 12 nnn l o n g ; o r p i n na te l y compo u ndw i t h 5- 10 s eco nd a ry p hy l l o c l a de s . Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a ped u n c l e 3- 10 mm . l o ng ,

cy l i nd r i ca l , i n g ro u p s o f 2 - 3 o r s ome t i me s to 15, ye l l ow i s h tu rn i n g redd i s h ,

10- 15 mm . l o ng by 2- 3 mm . w i de ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s o b l o ng o r s q uam i fo rm . Fema l e co nei n g ro u p s o f 2- 3 , o n a s ho r t pe d u nc l e o r a s l i g h t l y mo d i f i e d p hy l l o c l a de , 10 mm .

l o ng , l i g h t g ree n t he n re dd i s h - brown o r da r k brown , w i t h 15 s c a l e s , 1- 3 s c a l e sa re fe r t i l e . Seed s c h e s t n u t - b rown , 5- 8 mm . l o n g , f l a t te ne d , c u p u l e wh i t i s h ,

rece p ta c l e ye l l ow i s h - b rown .

E . Ma l ay s i a ; E . I n do ne s i a ; P h i l i p p i ne s ; P a p u a New Gu i ne a , 900- 4000 m. .

P TRI CHOMANIOI DES D . Do n Ta ne ka h a Ce l e ry P i neP . rhombo i d a l i s L .C. et A . R i c h .

A bro a d l y co n i c a l t re e 12 - 25 m . ta l l , 90- 270 cm . i n g i r th . Ba r k g reen i s hg ray tu r n i ng red - brown , f i s s u red . B ra n c he s who r l ed a n d s p rea d i ng . P hy l l oc l a de spe c t i na te , cm . l o n g o n j u ve n i l e p l a n t s . Ad u l t p hy l l o c l a de s p i n na te l ycompo u nd , w i t h 10- 15 s eco n da ry phyllocladioles , l i g h t g reen , 6- 25 mm . l o n g by6- 30 mm . w i de , fa n - s h a ped , b ro a d l y o v a te o r ro u nde d , ma rg i n s dee p l y l o be d , s e rrulate o r a l mo s t e n t i re . D i o ec i o u s . Ma l e s tro b i l i 5- 10 pe r c l u s te r , o n s ho r tped u n c l e s 3- 10 mm . l o ng , co ne 8- 10 mm . l o n g by 2- 3 mm . w i d e ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l sn a rrow and e l o nga te d . Fema l e co ne s i n c l u s ter s o f 6-8 o n t he ma rg i n s o fte rm i na l p hy l l o c l a d e s , w i t h 2- 3 fer t i l e s c a l e s . Seed s da rk b l u e to b l a c k ,

compre s s ed , to 3 mm . l o ng , hal f pro j ec ted beyo nd t he c u p u l e , s ho r t - po i n ted .

New Zea l a nd : No rt h I s l a nd , No r th Ca pe ; N . So u t h I s l a nd , 0- 1000 m. .

P I C EA D i e tr . ( P i na ce ae )

A ge n u s o f 34 s pe c i e s from N . Ame r i c a , Me x i co , E uro pe , A s i a to J a pa n .

Bra n c he s who r l e d , ho r i zo n ta l l y s pre a d i ng , o fte n s ho r t . Bra nc h l e ts co vered w i t hnume ro u s ra i s ed l e a f s ta l k s a fter l ea ve s s he d . B u d s o vo i d , d i s t i n c t from t hel ea ve s , s ome t i me s re s i no u s . Lea ve s u s u a l l y 4 - a ng l ed o r q u a d ra n g u l a r o r s ome t i me sf l a t te ned , w i t h n ume ro u s wh i te s toma ta a rra ng ed i n rows o n a l l fo u r s i de s , o rcompre s s e d a nd s toma t i fe ro u s o n l y o n t he u p pe r o r ce n tra l s i de , a n g l e d o rs q u a re i n th e c ro s s - s e c t i o n , s p i ra l l y a rra nge d , a pex s p i ne - t i ppe d o r b l u n t l ya c u te , w i t h 1- 2 re s i n d u c t s . Ma l e s tro b i l i ye l l ow o r redd i s h , w i th n ume ro u s~s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed a n t her s , erec t o r pe nde n t , a x i l l a ry , o n 2 yea r o l d bra n c hl e t s . Fema l e co ne s pe nde n t , ma tu r i n g i n o ne yea r , o pe n i n g u po n ma tu r i ty , w i t h

per s i s te n t f l a t te ne d s c a l e s , w i t h h i d de n m i n u te o va te bra c t s , co ne s per s i s te n to n th e tree s fo r s ev era l ye a r s . Seed s 2 pe r s c a l e , w i t h o ne th i n o bo va te o ro b l o ng w i ng pro j e c t i ng ba c kwa rd s . Co ty l edo n s 4 - 15.

116 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

P . A B I E S ( L . ) Kar s t . No rway S p r uc e

A na rrow l y c o n i c a l tre e 50- 60 m . ta l l ,- 2 m . i n g i r t h , w i th s p rea d i n g

bra n c he s . Ba r k re d - brow n t u rn i n g g ray , smo o t h , w i t h few i rre g u l a r s ca l e s .

B ra nc he s l o n g , s l e nd e r , re f l e xe d a n d pe nde n t . Bra n c h l e t s o ra ng e - brown toredd i s h - b rown , mo s t l y smo o t h . B u d s o vo i d , 7 nnn l o n g by 4 . 5 inn. w i de

,s ho rt

po i n te d , p u be s ce n t a t t h e ba s e , red d i s h o r l i g h t b rown , no n - re s i no u s,s ca l e s

ro u nde d . Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a r ra ng ed , l 5 cm . l o n g , da r k s h i ny g re e n o n bo ths i de s w i th fa i n t wh i t i s h s toma ta o n bo th s i de s , w i t h a s ho r t b l u n t po i n t

,c ro s s

s e c t i o n d i amo nd - s ha pe d to q ua d ra ng u l a r , s ho r t - s ta l k e d . Ma l e s tro b i l i br i g h tp u rp l e . F ema l e co n e o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c , 10 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de

,l i g h t

brow n to ye l l ow i s h - b rown ; s c a l e s r homb i c - o va te to o va te - a c um i na te,wa vy

,i r reg

ularly de n t i c u l a te , no tc h ed a t th e a pe x ; b ra c t m i n u te , l o n g , n a r row,p u r p l i s h

,

a pe x po i n ted . Seed s w i t h a n o vo i d n u t to 5 mm . l o n g a n d a ro u n ded w i ng t h a ti s re l a t i ve l y l o n g .

C . E u ro pe ; S c a nd i na v i a ; W . to 2300 m. .

P . AS P E RATA Ma s t . Dra g o n Sp r u ce— P . a u ra n t i a c a retroflexa Ma s t . ,

A tree to 30 m . ta l l o r mo re , w i t h few s p rea d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k g ray i s hbrown , pee l i ng i n th i n f l a k e s . Bra n c h l e t s p a l e ye l l ow i s h - g ray , p u be s c e n t a tf i r s t , w i t h p rom i ne n t s p re a d i ng o r re c u rved pe t i o l e s . Bu d s co n i ca l - o vo i d ,

ye l l ow i s h - b rown , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n g e d , q ua d ra n g u l a r ,

o fte n c urve d , l - l . 5 cm . l o n g , a c u te o r a c u t i s h , va r i a b l y da r k g ree n , be ve l e da t th e a pe x , w i t h a n e l o n ga ted s p i ne , s toma ta va r i a b l e b u t u s u a l l y fa i n t o n a l ls u rfa c e s . Fema l e co n e o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c ,

- 10 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de ,

fawn brown t u r n i n g c he s t n u t - b rown o r ye l l ow i s h - b rown ; s c a l e s ro u n de d e n t i reo r s l i g h t l y no tc h ed a t th e a pe x . Seed s w i t h l o n g w i ng s .

C h i na : Ka n s u ; S z e c h ua n ; S h e n s i . 2400- 3900 mm . .

P . B I CO LO R ( Ma x i m . ) May r . A l co c k Spru ce

A broa d l y co n i c a l tree 25- 40 m . ta l l , w i t h s t i ff s p rea d i n g o r a s ce n d i n gbra n c he s . Ba r k g ray - b rown to p i n k i s h - b rown , f i s s u red i n to t h i n ro u nde d p l a te s .

B ra nc h l e t s s l e n de r , s ho r t , s h i ny , b r i g h t ye l l ow i s h o r wh i t i s h , smo o t h o rs l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . B ud s co n i c a l to s p he r i c a l , 4 mm . l o ng , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ,

brown , s ca l e s b l u n t l y a c u te . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra nge d , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s , da r ks h i ny b l ue - g ree n a bo v e , l . 5- 2 cm . l o ng by mm . w i de , s toma ta i n 2- 4 rows o n2 fa ce s i n b l u i s h - wh i te ba nd s be l ow , q ua dra ng u l a r , s omewha t c u rved , s h a rp l ya c um i na te , a pe x s ho rt l y po i n ted . Fema l e co ne s o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c to o b l o n g - cyl in

d r i c , cm . l o ng by 3 cm . wi de , p u rp l i s h b rown a t f i rs t ; s c a l e s o bo v a te toro u nde d , s l i g h t l y wa vy , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , somewh a t re fl e xed ; b ra c t e l l i p t i c ,

m i n u te , de n t i c u l a te a t th e a pe x , p u rp l i s h . See d s b l a c k i s h , w i ng p u rp l i s h a ndto 9 mm . l o n g .

J a pa n : C . Ho n s h u , s u ba l p i ne a rea s , 700- 2180 m. .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

118 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . CHIHUAHUANA Mar t . Chihuahuan S p ru c e

A tre e to 30 m . ta l l . Ba r k g ray o r wh i t i s h , s c a l y . B u d s o vo i d, 7- 8 mm. l o n g ,

s c a l e s a c u te w i t h l a c i n i a te ma rg i n s . Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d,b r i g h t g ree n

,

cm . l o n g by mm . wi de , q ua d ra n g u l a r , w i t h 4 -5 l i ne s o f s toma ta o na l l s u rfa c e s , r i g i d , s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , a pe x p u n ge n t . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u nc l e1 cm . l o ng , cy l i n d r i c a l o r cy l i nd r i c a l - o b l o ng , b r i g h t c he s t n u t - b rown

, 10- 14 cm .

l o n g by 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s o bo va te , c o n ve x a t t he a pe x , ma rg i n s e n t i re,ro u nde d ;

bra c t s m i n u te , o v a l , c h e s tn u t - b rown , l a c i n i a ted a t the bo rde r s . See d s da rk fa wnb rown , n u t e l l i p t i c a n d a t te n ua te a t the ba s e w i t h a l o n g ye l l ow i s h w i n g .

Me x i co : C h i h u a h ua to Du ra n go : W . S i e rra Ma d re , 2300- 3200 m. .

P . C RASS I FO L I A Kom . Ts i n g h a i S pr u c e

A tree to 23 m . ta l l , to 30-60 cm . i n g i r t h . B ra n c h l e t s p i n k i s h - o ra ng e w i t hp rom i ne n t pe t i o l e s t ha t a re g l a u co u s , p u be s ce n t . Bu d s o vo i d , 3 mm . l o n g

,o ra n g e

b rown , no n - re s i no u s , s c a l e s ro u n d , ba s a l s c a l e s g l a u co u s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l ya rra n ge d , ve ry th i c k , b l u n t l y a c u te , cm . l o n g by 2- 3 mm . w i de , c u rve d ,

q ua d ra n g u l a r , w i t h n ume ro u s s toma ta , s toma ta mo re co n s p i c uo u s be l ow , a pe xo b tu s e w i t h a s ho r t b l u n t s p i ne . Fema l e co ne 7- 11 cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de ,

pu rp l i s h t he n ye l l ow- b rown o r o ra ng i s h ; s c a l e s ro u n d , s l i g h t l y wa vy , b ro a d l yo bo va te . See d s w i t h l o n g w i n g s .

Mu c h co n fu s ed w i t h P . a s pe ra ta , mo s t he rba r i um s pe c i me n s from S . Ka n s u l a be l e da s P, a s pe ra ta a re pro ba b l y t h i s s pe c i e s .

C h i n a : Ts i n g h a i , S . Ts i - L i e n - S ha n ; Ka n s u , Ho l a n - S h a n ; I n ne r Mo ng o l i a,

N i n g s i a Hu i , 2600- 3100 m. ; po s s i b l y i n S .W. Ta c h i e n l u , S zec h u a n a n d J u pa rV a l l ey , E . T i be t a t 3658 m

P . E NG ELMAN N I I ( Pa rry ) E n g e l m . E n g e l ma n n S p ru ce

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l t ree 24 - 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h de n s e s ho r tbra nc he s s prea d i n g i n c l o s e who r l s o r rows . Ba rk g ray i s h o r p u rp l i s h - brow n , w i thl oo s e s c a l e s . B u d s no n - re s i no u s , S p he r i c a l to co n i ca l , a c u te , s h i ny re d - b rown top u rp l i s h -ye l l ow- brown , 5 mm . l o ng by mm . w i de , s c a l e s ro u nded a n d re c u rve d a tthe a pex . B ra n c h l e t s p u be s c e n t , g l a n d u l a r , br i g h t to pa l e ye l l ow i s h - b rown . Lea ve ss p i ra l l y a rra ng e d , s ho r t- s ta l ke d , s tra i g h t o r s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s ,

da r k g l a u co u s - g ree n , cm . l o ng , wh i t i s h s toma ta o n bo th fa ce s bu t b ro a de rbe l ow , re s i n c a n a l s a b s e n t , c ro s s - se c t i o n d i amo nd - s ha pe d to 4 - a n g l e d , s k u n ks ce n te d . Fema l e co ne o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c to o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c , s l i g h t l y c u rved , s h i nyl i g h t b rown to p u rp l i s h brown , cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de ; s ca l e s o b l o n grhomb i c , e l o n g a te d , t h i n , i r reg u l a r l y too t he d ; bra c ts m i n u te , d i amo nd - s ha pe d ,

b l u n t , g ray i s h , o b tu se a t the ba se . See d s d a r k g ray to b l a c k i s h , w i t h a l o n gp u rp l i s h w i ngS .W. Ca n a da ; Wa s h i n g to n to W . Mo n ta n a s o u th to E . New Mex i co , 619

3659m. .

P . ENGLEMANNI I va r . M E X I CA NA ( Ma r t . ) S i l ba Me x i ca n S pru c e

A co n i cal tre e 25- 28 m . ta l l , 50-60 cm . i n g i r th . Ba r k th i n , s c a l y , wh i t i s h .

B ra n c h l e t s l i g h t ye l l ow i s h - b rown , de n se l y a nd m i n u te l y p u be s ce n t . Lea ve sq ua d ra n g u l a r , s pre a d i n g fo rwa rd s , cm . l o ng by 1 mm . w i de , c u rve d , s h a r ppo i n te d , wi t ho u t re s i n ca n a l s . Ma l e s tro b i l i s u b te rm i n a l i n g rou p s o f 3 , o vo i d ,

cm . l o ng by 1 cm . w i de , w i t h o rb i c u l a r s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne o va l - o b l o n g ,

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 119

ye l l ow i s h , 5 cm . l o n g ; s c a l e s s u b - r homb i c , t h i n , o u te r ma rg i n s f i ne l y too the d ;bra c t e l l i p t i c - a c um i na te , a bo u t l e n g th o f t he s c a l e . See d s o bo va te , n u t 3 mm .

l o n g , w i n g 7 mm . l o n g .

Me x i c o : Co a h u i l a ; S a l t i l l o a n d Nu e vo Leo n , to 2700 m. .

P . FAR RER I Pa ge et Rushf . B u rma n S pru ce

A tree to 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a broa d l y co n i c a l c rown . Ba r k g ray i s h , s ca l y . Bra n c he ss prea d i n g , s l e nde r . Bra nc h l e t s pe n du l o u s , o l i ve - b rown to o ra nge - brown , s pa r s e l yp u be s ce n t . B u d s o vo i d , c he s tn u t- brown , w i t h wh i te re s i n o n the l owe r s c a l e s . Le a ve ss pa rs e , S p i ra l l y a rra ng ed , po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s , b l ue - g ree n , br i g h t n i veo u s -wh i te be l ow ,

cm . l o n g , do r s a l - ve n tra l s i de f l a t te ned , a c u te , a pex s omewha t p u n ge n t . Ma l es tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c - co n i c , 2 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Fema l e co ne o b l o n g - cyl in

d r i c , da r k b rown , 7 cm . l o n g by 3- 4 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s i rre g u l a r l y ro u nde d , no tno tc he d a t the a pe x . See d s a c u te , n u t d a r k brown a nd 3-4 mm . l o n g , w i ng s to 12 mm .

l o n g a nd l i g h t brown . Co ty l e do n s 8, 13- 16 mm . l o ng , a c u te , b l u e - g ree n .

N . B u rma : Fe ng - S h u i L i ng Va l l ey , 2438- 2591 m. , po s s i b l y a l s o i n S . Y u n n a n , C h i naa nd E . A s s am , I n d i a .

P . G EMMATA Re h d . et W i l s . e x Sa rg . Ta pa o - S ha n S p ru ce

A b roa d l y co n i c a l tree 20-4 0 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i r t h . Ba rk g ray o r g ray

brown , f i s s u red i n th i n pa pe ry s tr i p s . B ra nc he s ho r i zo n ta l , s prea d i n g . Bra n c h l e t spu be s ce n t , g ray - b rown . B u d s co n i c a l , ye l l ow i s h - brown , 6 mm . l o n g , re s i no u s , s ca l e so va te - a c um i n a te ; l e a ve s s u rro u nd i n g b u d s a re p u be s ce n t . Le a ve s l i nea r , q ua d ra n g u l a r ,

e re c t a n d s pre a d i ng , s l i g h t l y g l a u co u s , p u n ge n t , 8- 15 mm . l o ng by 1- 2 mm . w i de ,

wi th 4-6 s toma ta l l i ne s . Fema l e co ne s o b l o ng - cy l i nd r i c , 8- 12 cm . l o n g by cm .

w i de , ye l l ow i s h - b rown ; s c a l e s broa d a nd ro u nde d ; bra c t w i t h a n e l o n g a te d a c u tea pex . See d s o b l o n g - o bo va te , n u t da r k brown a n d 2 mm . l o ng , w i ng p a l e b rown a nd10- 15 mm. l o n g . Re s emb l e s P, po l i ta i n fo l i a g e .

C h i n a : W . S ze c h u a n , Ta pa o - S ha n , 2200- 3600 m. .

P G LAU CA ( Moe n c h . ) Vo s s . W h i te S p ru ceP . g l a u ca va r . pors i ldi i Ra u p . ,

=P . ca na de n s i s ( M i l l . ) Br i t t .

A co n i c a l tree 12 - 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h rows o f h o r i z o n ta lbra nc he s . Ba r k g ray o r brown , smoo t h o r s ca l y , i n ne r- ba r k wh i t i s h . Bra n c h l e tss len de r , s ho r t , smo o t h , g ray - re d to o ra n ge - brown , s omewha t d roo p i n g . Bu d s o vo i dobtuse,non- re s i no u s , 5 mm . l o ng ; s ca l e s b i fi d a t t he a pex , s l i g h t l y re fl exed .

Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed , cm . l o ng , s h i ny b l u i s h - g ree n , wi t h wh i t i s hs toma ta o n bo th face s , s h a rp po i n ted , s p re a d i n g ma i n l y o n u ppe r s i de o f t heb ra nc h l e t , a c u te , s l i g h t l y c u rved , c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo n d - s ha pe d to 4 - a ng l e d ,

s k u n k s ce n te d . Fema l e co ne o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c , 3-6 cm . l o ng by 2 cm . w i de , s h i nyta n to p a l e l i g h t brown ; s c a l e s broa d l y ro u nded , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , w i t h as omewha t th i c ke ne d c u rved l i p ; bra c ts s pa th u l a te -e l l i p t i c . See d s brown , n u t to2 rim. l o n g , w i ng to 8 mm . l o ng .

Ca na da ; N . U n i te d S ta te s : M i n ne s o ta to Ma i ne , 610- 1700 m. .

120 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I RS V I I I 1986

P . G LA UCA v a r . A L B E RT I A NA ( S . Brown) Sa rg . A l be r ta S p ru ce

A na r row l y py ram i da l tree to 50 m . ta l l . Ba r k p u rp l e - g ray , ve ry f l a ky .

B ra n c h l e t s smo o t h , ye l l ow i s h - b row n a t f i r s t , s ome t i me s g l a n d u l a r , w i t h morep rom i ne n t w i de - s p re a d i n g l ea f s ta l k s , p u l v i n i b r i g h t o ra ng e . B u d s w i t h e n t i res ca l e s , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , 4 nnn l o n g , b l oome d wh i te . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d

,

mo re c rowde d ne a r t he a pex , s l i g h t l y l o n g e r , l e s s g l a u c o u s be l ow,de n s e r

,mo re

fo rwa rd po i n t i n g , to 2 cm . l o n g , da r k g ree n a bo ve , i n c u r ve d , c ro s s - s e c t i o nd i amo nd - s ha pe d to 4 - a n g l e d , a pe x w i th a ro u n d - t i p pe d s p i ne . Fema l e co ne s Sma l l e r

,

o va te , o ra n ge - b rown , cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; w i t h s t i ffe r ro u nde d,

e n t i re s c a l e s ; bra c t s s ho r te r , re c ta n g u l a r , n a rrowe d a t th e a pe x o r a c u te . See d sg ray - re d , n u t mm . l o ng , w i n g s s l i g h t l y fr i n ge d .

S .W. Ca na da : Mo n ta na to Wyom i n g , Roc ky Mts . .

P . GL E H N I I ( F r . S c hm i d t . ) Ma s t . Sa k h a l i n S p ru c e

A n a rrow py ram i da l tre e to 40 m . ta l l , 3 m . i n g i r th , w i th s l e nde r,S ho r t

,

S p rea d i n g bra nc h e s . Ba r k p u r p l i s h - b rown o r c h oc o l a te , f i s s u red i n to th i n f l a ke s .

B ra n c h l e t s p u be s ce n t , redd i s h - b rown , no n - g l a n d u l a r . B u d s o vo i d - co n i c a l , e l o n g a ted,

c he s tn u t- brown to p u rp l i s h - b rown , 5 mm . l o n g , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ; s c a l e s a c u te a n de l o n g a te d . Le a v e s s p i ra l l y a rra n ged , a s ce nd i n g fo rwa rd s , t h i c k , s omewha t b i co l o re d

,

s h i ny dee p g re e n a bo ve , 6- 17 mm . l o n g ; s toma ta s l i g h t l y v i s i b l e o n bo t h fa c e s , i no ne row a bo ve , i n 2 rows be l ow ; q ua d ra ng u l a r , o b t u s e o r mu c ro na te . Fema l e co ne

o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c to o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , s h i ny b rown , s omewha t v i o l e t co l o red a tma t u r i ty ,

- 7 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; s c a l e s s u bo rb i c u l a r to o bo va te , no tc he da t t he a pe x ; bra c t o v a l , re d d i s h - p u rp l e , w i th a b ro a d ba se . See d s w i th a n u t 3mm . l o ng , w i t h b roa d ro u n ded w i n g s th a t a re red d i s h - p u rp l e .

S . Sa k h a l i n : Ja pa n : N . Ho n s h u ; E . Ho k k a i d o , O- 16OOm. .

P J EZO E NS I S ( S i e b . et Z u c c . ) C a rr . Ye z o S p ru c eP . a j a ne n s i s F i s c h . et Trautv . ,

=P . koma ro v i i V . Va s s i l .

A na rrow l y py ram i da l tre e 30- 50 m . ta l l , 5- 6 m . i n g i r th , w i th S l e n de r bra n c he s .

Ba r k da r k g ray , s c a l y , be com i n g fu rrowe d w i th a ge . Bra nc h l e t s ye l l ow i s h - g ray toye l l ow i s h - b rown , s h i ny , smo o th , t h i c k a nd l o n g , w i t h rec u rve d pe t i o l e s . B ud sco n i ca l , e l o n g a te d , s h i ny p u rp l i s h o r ye l l ow i s h - brown , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , 10 mm .

l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , s c a l e s l o o s e a t t he a pex . L e a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , de n s e ,

s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , mu c ro na te , no n - p u ng e n t , s h i ny da r k g ree n a bo ve , s i l v ery -wh i tebe l ow , s l i g h t l y kee l e d o n bo t h s i de s , s toma ta a bs e n t a bo ve ,

- 2 cm . l o n g by2 mm . w i de , c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo n d - S ha ped . Ma l e s tro b i l i ca rm i ne . Fema l e co ne so b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , S h i ny , p u rp l i s h to l i g h t b rown ,

-8 cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de ;s c a l e s o va l - o b l o n g , e ro se ; b ra c t w i t h a l o n g a pex , a c u te , de n t i c u l a te , p u rp l i s h .

See d s e l o n g a te d , n u t 2 . 5 inn. l o n g , w i n g to 7 mm . l o n g , p u r p l i s h .

M. E . C h i n a ; Ko rea ; S i be r i a ; J a pa n : Ho k ka i do , lOOO- 1300 m. .

P . J E ZOE NS I S va r . HONDOENSI S ( May r . ) Re h d . Ho ndo S p ru ce

A tree 20- 30 m . ta l l , 50-60 cm . i n g i rt h . Ba r k p u rp l i s h - g ray , s ha l l ow l yf i s s u re d . Bra nc h l e t s l i g h t re dd i s h - b rown , p u l v i n i mu c h swo l l e n , S ho r t , no np u be s ce n t . B u d s S p h e r i c a l , s l i g h t l y mu c ro na te , da r k p u r p l i s h - re d to o ra n gebrown , s ca l e s po i n ted a t t he a pex , mm. l o n g . Le a ve s s ho r te r , a c u t i s h too b t u s e , s p i ra l l y a rra ng e d b i co l o re d , da r k S h i ny g ree n a bo ve , br i l l i a n t l ywh i te be l ow , l . 4 - l . 7 cm . l o n g , s toma ta a b se n t a bo ve , cro s s - s ec t i o n d i amo nd

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122 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

po i n ted S p i n e , c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo n d - s ha ped . Fema l e co ne o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , b r i g h tp u r p l i s h t h e n l i g h t b rown , 5 cm . l o n g by 5 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s o va te

,wa vy

,a pe x

d e n t i c u l a te a n d no tc h ed ; bra c t o va l , b l u n t , p u rp l i s h . Seed p u r p l i s h - b rown,n u t to

3 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 8 mm . l o n g .

C h i n a : T i be t ; N.W. Y u n na n ; S .W. S ze c h ua n , 2500- 3900 m. .

P . L I K I AN GE N S I S va r . BA L F O U R I ANA ( Re h d . et W i l s . ) H i l l . e x S l a v . Ba l fo u r S p r u c e- P . l i k i a ng e n s i s v a r . h i r te l l a ( Re h d . et W i l s . ) C h e n g e x C h e n

A na r row l y co n i c a l tre e 15- 40 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i rt h , w i t h s ho r t ho r i zo n tal

b ra nc he s . Ba r k g ray to brown , s c a l y , be com i n g de e p l y fu rrowed i n to t h i c k i rre g u l a rp1ates . Branchlets s l e nd e r , g roo ved , p u be s c e n t , ye l l ow i s h - g ray t i n te d g ree n , w i t hS prea d i n g p u be s c e n t pe t i o l e s . B u d s redd i s h - b rown , S l i g h t l y re s i no u s , nnu l o n g

,

s h i ny , s c a l e s bl u n t l y a c u te . Lea v e s s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed , u s ua l l y o b t u s e , da rk g rayg ree n a bo v e , d u l l g ray - g ree n be l ow , cm . l o ng ; w i th few s toma ta a bo ve i n1- 4 rows , i n 2 wh i te ba nd s be l ow ; c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo nd - s ha ped to q ua d ra n g u l a r .

F ema l e c o ne s p u r p l i s h a t f i rs t t u r n i n g l i g h t brown, ovoid- cy l i nd r i c , 5- 9 cm . l o n gby cm . w i de ; co ne s c a l e s t r i a n g u l a r - o v a te , a c um i na te , no tc h ed a t t h e a pe x ,

de n t i c u l a te ; bra c t a c u te , p u r p l i s h . Seed w i th a b rown n u t a nd a ye l l ow i s h w i n g .

C h i na : S . T s i n g ha i ; N.W. Y u n na n , Likiang S now Ra n g e ; W . S zec h ua n,Ka n g t i n g

,

3600- 4 100 m. .

P . L I K I ANG E N S I S v a r . MONTIGENA ( Ma s t C h e ng ex C he n No rt hern Li kiang S pr u c e

A na rrow l y co n i ca l t re e to 30 m . ta l l , w i t h ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s w h i c h a s c e n do r a re u p t u r ned a t th e e n d s . Ba r k i n i r re g u l a r s c a l e s , o ra ng e - brown to pu rp l eb row n . B ra n c h l e t s p u be s c e n t , ye l l ow i s h - brown . B ud s co n i c a l , to 8 mm . l o n g ,

s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , l owe r s c a l e s a c um i na te a n d k ee l e d . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a r ra n g ed ,

b l u n t l y a c u te to o b tu s e , 8- 15 mm . l o n g , de e p b l u i s h - g ree n , l i nea r , s omewh a tp u ng e n t , o b t u s e l y ke e l ed be l ow ; w i t h 2 wh i te ba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow i n f i verows , s toma ta i nc o n s p i c uo u s a bo v e i n 2 - 3 rows ; c ro s s - s ec t i o n d i amo nd - S ha pe dto q u a d ra ng u l a r . Fema l e co ne s o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , c i n namo n - b rown , 7- 10 cm . l o n gby cm . w i de ; c o ne s c a l e s r homb i c - o va te , s l i g h t l y de n t i c u l a te , a pe x no tc h ed .

C h i na : N.W. Y u n na n , Li kiang ; W. S ze c h u a n , Ka ng t i n g , 3600- 4000 m. .

P . MA R I ANA ( M i l l . ) B . S . P . B l a c k S pr u c e

A co n i ca l t re e 6- 18 m . ta l l , 0 . l m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n o pe n , i r reg u l a rc rown a nd w i t h s ho r t ho r i zo n ta l o r s l i g h t l y d roo p i n g bra n c he s . Ba r k g ray o rb l a c k i s h , s c a l y , i n ne r - ba r k ye l l ow i s h - b row n . Bra n c h l e t s re d - brown , s l e n de r ,

pu be s c e n t . B ud s o vo i d o r c o n i c a l , no n - re s i no u s , nnu l o n g , ba s a l s c a l e sw i t h a l o n g po i n t . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d , o b t u s e , 7- 18 mm . l o n g , a s hy - b l ueg reen t i n ted w h i te , w i th wh i t i s h s toma ta mo re n ume ro u s be l ow , s ho r t- s ta l k ed ,

c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo nd - s ha ped to 4 - a n g l ed . Fema l e co ne o fte n c l u s te red a t to p so f tree s , b roa d l y o vo i d o r ro u nde d , red - brown to d u l l g ray , 2- 4 cm . l o n g by

cm . w i d e ; s c a l e s ro u n ded , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , w i t h a n i n c u rve d ye l l ow i s ho u te r l i p ; bra c t s rec ta n g u l a r , da r k p u rp l i s h . Seed s b rown , n u t mm . l o n g ,

w i n g to 6 um. l o ng .

C a n a d a ; A l a s k a ; M i n ne s o ta to Ma i ne , 600- 1524 m

S i l b a , E n cy c l o pa e d i a Co n i fe ra e 123

P . MA X I MOW I C Z I I Re g e l e x Ma s t . Max imowi cz S pru ce

A com pa c t co n i ca l tre e 10- 4 2 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i th ho r i zo n ta lbra n c he s . Ba r k o ra ng e - brown , f l a ky , be com i n g g ray a n d f i s s u re d . Bra n c h l e t ssmoo t h , ye l l ow i s h o r s h i ny redd i s h - b rown . B u d s o va te to g l o bo s e , 2 mm . l o n g

,

red - b rown to wh i t i s h - b rown , re s i no u s . L ea v e s s p i ra l l y a rra ng e d , po i n t i n g s l i g h t l yfo rwa rd s , p u ng e n t , s h i ny da r k g ree n , 8- 11 mm . l o n g , s toma ta o n bo t h s u rfa c e s

,

a pe x a c u te , c ro s s - s ec t i o n d i amo nd - s ha pe d to q u a d ra ng u l a r . Fema l e co n e o b l o n gcy l i nd r i c , g ree n th e n g ray - b rown , cm . l o ng ; s ca l e s ro u nded , en t i re

,

g re e n i s h , re l a t i v e l y sma l l , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y wa vy ; bra c ts p u rp l i s h . See d s wh i t i s h,

s po t te d brown ; w i ng s sma l l , 8- 10 mm . l o n g .

J a pa n : Mo u n t F u j i yama .

P . MA X I MOW I C Z I I va r . S E NA N E NS I S Haya s h i Se na n S p ru ce

A b u s h o r sma l l t ree 15- 20 m . ta l l , 20- 40 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a S i ng l e tru n k a ndw i th ho r i zo n ta l l y s prea d i ng branches . Bark g ray i s h - brown , S l i g h t l y fu rrowed . B ud sl o n g po i n te d , a c u te , 4 -6 mm . l o n g . Lea ve s l o ng e r , 12 - 18 nnn long . Fema1e co ne sl a rge r w i th fewer s c a l e s , o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c to o va te , 4 cm . l o n g ; s c a l e sfewe r , b i g g e r a nd h a rde r ; bra c t s a c u te . Seed s w i t h a n u t 3- 5 nnn l o n g , w i n g 10- 12mm . l o ng .

J a p a n : Ho n s h u , Mts . F u j i Sa n a nd Yatsuga- da k e , 1100- 2000 m. .

P . M E Y E R I Re h d . et W i l s . Meye r Sp ru c e

A t re e to 30 m . ta l l , to 60 cm . i n g i r t h . B ra nc he s s ho r t . B ra nc h l e t s ye l l ow i s ho r faw n - b rown , g roo ved , p u be s c e n t t he n smoo t h . B ud s o vo i d - co n i ca l , 4 mm . l o n g ,

re s i no u s , s h i ny l i g h t b rown to re d - brown ; s c a l e s b l u n t l y a c u te , s ho r t l y p u be sce n t . L ea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed , g l a u co u s to b l u i s h - g ree n , q u a d ra ng u l a r , 8- 20 nnu

l o n g , s toma ta mo re n umero u s be l ow , r i g i d , S l i g h t l y fa l ca te , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te .

Fema l e co ne o b l o n g - cy l i n dr i c , s h i ny brown to redd i s h - b rown , 6 cm . l o n g bycm . w i de ; s c a l e s o bo v a te , ro u n ded , ma rg i n s e n t i re , ba s e b l a c k i s h ; b ra c t

d i amo n d - s h a pe d to aw l - s ha ped , b l a c k i s h a t t he ba s e . Seed w i th a g ray n u t 2 .5 inn.

l o n g , w i n g 10- 11 mm . l o n g .

C h i na : S ha n s i ; Ho pe i ; I n ne r Mo n go l i a , 1600- 2700 m. .

P . MORRI SONI COLA Haya ta Fo rmo s a n S pru ce

A co n i ca l tree 36-50 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i t h a n ope n c rown . Ba r kbrown to g ray , ex fo l i a t i n g i n ro u n de d p l a ty s c a l e s , w i t h prom i ne n t pa l e l e n ti cels . Bra n c h l e t s S l e n de r , smoo th , wh i t i s h to d u l l ye l l ow to re d - brown , w i thp rom i ne n t l ea f s ta l k s . Bu d s o vo i d , re s i no u s , 3 mm . l o n g , redd i s h to c he s t n u tbrown , s ca l e s ro u nde d . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra nge d , q ua dra ng u l a r , 1-2 cm . l o ng ,

d a r k s h i ny g ree n , w i t h mo re s toma ta be l ow , f i ne , s l en de r , a c umi na te , l o ngpo i n ted , c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo nd - s ha ped . Fema l e co ne o vo i d - o b l o ng , cm . l o n gby 3 cm . w i de , re dd i s h t he n b rown ; s ca l e s o rb i c u l a r- o va te , ro u nd ed , ra re l yno tc he d a t th e a pex ; b ra c t re c ta ng u l a r , p u rp l i s h , a pex b i f i d . Seed w i t h aw i ng to 9 inn. l o n g .

Ta i wa n : Mo u n t Mo rr i s o n , 1900- 2800 m. .

124 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

P . NEOVEI TCHI I Ma s t . H u pe h S p ru ce

A t ree 8- 15 m . ta l l , to 50 cm . i n g i r t h , o f pyram i da l ha b i t , w i t h s ho r ta s c e nd i ng b ra n c he s . Ba r k ye l l ow i s h - g ray - b row n , ex fo l i a t i n g , w i th sma l l f l a k e s

.

B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow - b rown , g ro o ved , s mo o t h o r s pa r s e l y pu be s ce n t , w i t h s ho r tpe t i o l e s , s l e nd e r . B ud s o b l o n g - o vo i d , s l i g h t l y p u be s c e n t , 5 mm . l o n g , no n - re s i nous , c he s t n u t - brown , ba s a l s c a l e s g l a u c o u s . Lea v e s s p i ra l l y a r ra ng ed

,pe c t i na te

be l ow , da r k g ree n , 15- 20 mm . l o n g , k ee l e d , p u n g e n t , c u rv ed , q ua d ra n g u l a r,w i t h

s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa ce s , a pex a c u te a nd po i n te d . Fema l e c o ne o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c,

faw n - b row n to ye l l ow i s h - brown , 7- 13 cm . l o n g ; s ca l e s o bo va te , ro u nded , S po o nS ha pe d , ma rg i n s wa vy , a pex e n t i re . Seed s w i t h a n u t 5 mm . l o n g a n d w i t h aro u nded w i n g to 15 mm . l o n g .

C h i na : S . Ka n s u ; S . S h e n s i ; W . H u pe h , 1300- 2000 m. .

P OBOVATA Led e b . S i be r i a n S p r u ceP . o bo v a ta v a r . a l pe s tr i s ( Bruegg He nry e x E l we s

A bro a d l y co n i c a l tre e 30- 50 m . ta l l , to 60 cm . i n g i r t h , w i th a s ce nd i n gbra nc he s . Ba r k p u rp l i s h - g ray , w i t h wh i te s po ts , f l a ky , i n ne r - ba rk red - b rown .

B ra n c h l e ts S ho r t a n d g l a n d u l a r , s h i ny , pa l e brown to p u rp l i s h , s omewha t pe n de n t,

s c a rc e l y p u be s c e n t . B ud s o vo i d - co n i c a l , 4 mm . l o n g , o ra n ge - b rown ; s c a l e s ro u n ded ,

a c um i na te , kee l e d , c i l i a te a t t he ba s e , free a t th e t i p s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l ya rra n ged , 1- 2 cm . l o n g , da r k s h i ny g ree n , mu c ro n a te , s toma ta o n 2 fa ce s i n 4 - 5ra n k s , l e a v e s some t i me s b l u i s h - g ree n a bo ve , c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo n d - s ha ped toq ua d ra ng u l a r , re s i n s c e n te d . Fema l e co ne o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , l i g h t b rown to re dd i s hbrown , 5-8 cm . l o n g by 3 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s b roa d l y ro u nde d , o bo v a te , s omewh a tde n t i c u l a te ; b ra c t e l o ng a ted a n d na rrow , a c u te , pu rp l i s h . See d w i th a n u t 2 inn.

l o n g , b l a c k i s h - b rown , w i t h a l o n g o v a l w i ng .

N . E u ro pe ; to N. E . C h i na , S ha n s i , 1200- 1800 m. .

P . O BOVATA v a r . F E N N I CA ( Re g . ) He n ry e x E l we s Sca n d i n a v i a n S p r uc e

A py ram i d a l tree to 15 m . ta l l . B ra n c h l e ts s tro n g l y p u be s c e n t . Le a ve s S ho r t ,

da r k g re e n , 9- 14 nnn l o n g by l - l .5 mm. w i de , s tra i g h t , r homb i c , a pe x b l u n t .

Fema l e c o n e o v a l , 7- 10 cm . l o n g ; s c a l e s rhomb i c , ro u n de d , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . See d so bo va te , w i t h a b l u n t w i ng .

5. Swede n ; S . No rway to nea r Le n i n g ra d ,

P . OMOR I KA (Panc i c ) P u r k . Se rb i a n S p ru ce

A na rrow l y co n i c a l tree 30- 40 m . ta l l , w i t h S ho rt a s cen d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r ko ra n ge - b rown , d i v i d ed i n to f l a ky pa pe ry p1ates . Branchlets s omewha t pe n de n t ,

b rown to re d d i s h - p u r p l e , s h i ny , w i t h l o ng ha i rs . Bu d ovo i d - co n i c a l , po i n ted ,

p u rp l i s h to red - b rown , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ; s c a l e s a c u te , p u be s c e n t a t the ba s e .

Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a rr a ng e d , fl a tte ne d dors iventrally ,mucronate , no n - p u ng e n t ,

da r k s h i ny g ree n a bo v e , wh i t i s h be l ow , s toma ta i n 8 ra n k s be l ow , 9- 23 mm . l o n g ,

c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo nd - s ha pe d . Fema l e co ne co n i c a l - cy l i nd r i c , s h i ny p u rp l i s h ,

3 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de ; s c a l e s ro u nded , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , re d - browna t th e ba s e , a pe x b r i g h t brown ; bra c t d i amo n d - s ha pe d , tru nca te a t t he a pe x . See d sw i t h a b l a c k i s h n u t to 3 m . l o ng , w i ng s p ur p l i s h to 10 m . l o n g .

Y u go s l a v i a , Dr i na V a l l ey , 800- 1600 m. .

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126 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . P U R P U R EA Ma s t . P u rp l e - c o ne S p ru ce

A compa c t co n i c a l tre e 20- 50 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i rt h , w i th w i de - s p rea d i ngb ra n c he s , w i t h n ume ro u s b ra n c h l e t s . Ba r k da rk g ray to o ra n ge - b rown

,f i s s u re d i n to

f i ne th i n s ca l y p l a te s . B ra n c h l e t s p u be s c e n t w i t h l o n g h a i r s , w i th s ho rts pre a d i n g pe t i o l e s , b r i g h t o ra n g e - ye l l ow i s h t i n te d g ree n . B ud s b ro a d l y o vo i d

,

s ho r t l y a c u te , re s i no u s , re d d i s h - brown , 4 mm. l o n g , s ca l e s ro u n de d . Lea ve ss p i ra l l y a rra n g ed , f i ne , o b t u s e o r a c u te , de n s e l y a rra n ge d , c u rved

,da r k g re e n

a bo ve , g ray - g ree n be l ow ; s toma ta i n 2 i ncomp l e te g ray ban d s be l ow ; 8- 14 mm .

l o n g , a pe x p u n g e n t , t r i a n g u l a r i n the c ro s s - s e c t i o n . Fema l e co ne o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c,

re d d i s h - b rown to p u rp l e , 3-6 cm . l o n g by - 3 cm . w i de ; s ca l e s rhomb i c - o b l o n g,

a c um i na te , no t no tc hed a t the a pe x , de n t i c u l a te ; b ra c t s Sma l l , ro u n ded . S ee d sw i t h a g ray i s h n u t 2 mm . l o n g a n d w i t h a b ro a d l o n g w i n g .

C h i na : C . S .W. Ka n s u ; N.W. S ze c h ua n ; E . Ts i ng h a i , 2600- 3800 m. .

P . R U B E N S Sa rg . Red S p ru ce

A tree 15- 24 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a b roa d o r na rrow co n i c a lc rown . Ba r k re dd i s h - brown, thin, f i s s u re d , s c a l y . Bra n c h l e t s f i ne l y p u be s ce n t ,

s h i ny b rown o r ye l l ow i s h - brown . B u d s co n i c a l , a c u te , b l u n t l y po i n te d , no n - re s i no u s ,

red d i s h , w i t h l o n g na r row s ca l e s , s c a l e s a t the ba s e p u be s ce n t . Lea ve s s p i ra l l ya rra n ge d , s ho r t po i n te d , da r k g ree n to g l a u co u s , l - l . 7 cm . l o n g ; s toma ta o n bo t hs u rfa c e s , i n 3 l i ne s a bo ve , b ro a d e r be l ow i n 6 l i ne s ; c ro s s - se c t i o n d i amo nds h a pe d to 4 - a ng l e d , a roma t i c whe n c ru s he d . Ma l e s tro b i l i p u r p l i s h . Fema l e c o ne scy l i nd r i c to b roa d l y o v o i d , 3-5 cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de , s h i ny , red d i s h - b rown tol i g h t b rown ; s c a l e s o bo v a te to ro u nded , h um p - ba c ke d , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te ; bra c t sd i amo n d - s h a pe d , red d i s h - p u rp l e . Se ed s w i t h a da r k b rown n u t to 2 mm . l o n g w i n gto 6 nm. l o n g

S . E . Ca na d a : e . Q ue be c to E . U n i te d S ta te s , to N . Geo rg i a , 1000- 1500 m. .

P SCHRENK IANA F i s c h . et Mey . Sc h re n k S pr u c eP . p ro s t ra ta I s a ko v .

A na rrow cy l i n d r i c tree 30- 40 m . ta l l , 70- 100 cm . i n g i rt h , w i t h pe n de n tbra n c he s . Ba r k da r k p u rp l e - g ray , f i s s u re d , i n ne r- ba r k o ra n ge - b rown . Bra n c h l e t ss l e nde r , s ho r t , smo o t h , g ray i s h . B u d s s u bg l o bo se to co n i ca l , po i n ted , 4 mm . l o n g ,

s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ; s c a l e s ro u n de d , s omewh a t g l a u co u s a nd p u be s ce n t a t t h e ba s e .

Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra nged , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd , no n - f l a t te ned , d a r k d u l l o r s h i nyg ree n , f i ne l y po i n ted , l .8- 4 cm . l o ng , s toma ta o n 2 fa ce s , c ro s s - se c t i o nd i amo n d - s h a pe d . Fema l e c o ne cy l i n d r i c - o va te , da r k redd i s h - b rown the n b rown ,

7-9 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; s ca l e s ro u nde d a nd e n t i re a t t he a pex o r f i ne l yde n t i c u l a te ; b ra c t re c ta ng u l a r . See d w i th a n u t 3 . 5 inn. l o n g , w i th a bro a de ne dwi n g to 16 rim. l o ng .

Ki rg h i z , E . T i e n - S h a n , Pa- L i - Ku n - S ha n ; C h i na : S i n k i a ng U i g h u r ,

Ta rba ga ta i , 1000- 3600 m. .

S i l b a,E n cy c l o p ae d i a C o n i fe ra e 127

P . SCHRENK IANA va r . TIANSCHANI CA et Fu T i e n - S h a n S p r u ceP . o r i e n ta l i s va r . l o ngi fo l i a Le de b .

A c o n i ca l tree . B ra n c h l e t s l i g h t ye l l ow i s h , smoo t h , g roo ve d , w i t h s h o rt pe t i o l e s .

B u d s re l a t i ve l y sma l l , h i d de n by l e a f s ta l k s a t the a pe x o f the bra n c h l e t,

n ea r l y g l o b u l a r , ye l l ow i s h , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t ; s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , b l u n t l y a c u te.

L ea ve s c u rve d u pwa rd s , cm . o r l o n ge r by mm . w i de , b l u n t l y a c u tew i t h fewe r s toma ta . Fema l e co n e o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c , cm . l o n g ; s c a l e sb ro a d l y ro u nded , mo re co n vex , nea r l y s q u a re - t i pped , ma rg i n s d i s t i n c t a nd re dd i s h

.

See d s w i t h a g ray n u t a n d w i th a n a rrow o b l o n g p i n k i s h w i n g .

W . T i e n - S ha n , Ta l a s s A l a - Ta u a n d Alaj ski j Ra n ge ; C h i n a : S i n k i a n gU i g h u r , Mo l ' da —asu S . o f L a ke So n - k u l , 1250- 2750 m. .

P SHI RASAWAE Haya s h i S h i ra s awa S pru ceP . b i co l o r va r . a c i c u l a r i s S h . et Koy .

A co n i ca l t ree 20- 30 m . ta l l , 40-80 cm . i n g i r th , w i t h a s ce nd i ng b ra n c he s ,

b ra n c he s c u rv i n g u pwa rd s a t the e nd s . Ba r k da r k g ray , t h i n , s ca l y , f i s s u red .

B ra n c h l e t s f i n e l y p u be s c e n t , red d i s h - b rown , s l i g h t l y g l a nd u l a r . B ud s co n i c a l ,

b rown , a c u te a t th e a pe x , swo l l e n a t t he ba s e . Lea ve s b l u i s h , i nc u rve d , de n s e l ya rra n ge d , 13- 18 mm . l o n g , c u rve d u pwa rd s , fa l c a te , h a rd , o fte n pru i no s e o nfe r t i l e b ra n c h l e t s . Fema l e co ne cy l i n d r i c a l , s h i ny b rown , 8- 12 cm . l o n g by4 cm . w i de , o b t u s e a t the a pe x ; s ca l e s smoo th , s u be n t i re , ho rs e - s hoe s ha pe d ,

ro u n ded a t th e a pe x , f i ne l y se rru l a te . See d s w i t h a n u t 3 mm . l o n g a nd a w i n g8-9 mm . l o n g .

J a pa n : Ho n s h u , W . Mo u n t Yatsuga- d a ke a nd Mo u n t Mi kobuchi , Na g a no Perfecture ,

1200- 1950 m. .

P . S I TC H E N S I S ( Bo ng . ) C a rr . S i t ka S p r u c e

A bro a d l y co n i c a l t ree to 49 m . ta l l , m. i n g i rt h , w i th a n o pe n c rowno f ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c h e s . Tr u n k o f te n b u ttre s s ed a t the ba s e . Ba r k g ray , smo o t h ,

be com i ng da r k p u r p l i s h - b rown a nd s c a l y . B ra n c h l e ts ye l l ow i s h - g ray to l i g h tb rown , smoo t h , S l e n de r . B ud s o vo i d - co n i c a l , l i g h t brown to p u rp l i s h , nea r l ysmoo th , 5 mm. l o n g , w i t h o b tu s e s c a l e s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , de n s e l ya r ra n ge d , f l a t te ne d do rs i ve n tra l l y , s l i g h t l y kee l e d , na rrowe d a t t he a pex ,

br i g h t to da r k g ree n , S l i g h t l y r i d ge d a nd s i l v e ry -wh i te be l ow , w i t h a l o n gS h a rp po i n te d a pe x , l cm . l o n g , mu c ro na te , s toma ta a b se n t a bo ve , n ume ro u sbe l ow , c ro s s - s e c t i o n tr i a n g u l a r , s h a r p l y a c u te o r a c um i n a te . Ma l e s tro b i l ire dd i s h . Fema l e co ne o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , l i g h t b rown o r p a l e ye l l ow i s h - b rown ,

5- 9 cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s t h i n , pa pe ry , o b l o ng -o va l , ro u nde d a tt he a pe x , ma rg i n s i rreg u l a r l y too t he d ; bra c ts l a n ceo l a te , a bo u t he i g h to f th e s c a l e s . Seed s w i t h a n u t 3 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 11 mm . l o n g a nd p u rp l i s hb rown .

S .W. Ca n a da : S . A l a s ka to N.W. C a l i fo rn i a , 366-914 m. .

128 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . SM I TH I A NA ( Wa l l . ) Bo i s s . We s t H i ma l aya n S p ru ce- P . mo r i nda L i n k

A b roa d l y co n i c a l tree 30- 60 m . ta l l . Ba r k da r k g ray - brown , f i s s u red i n to sma l lro u nded o r re c ta ng u l a r p l a te s . B ra n c he s w i de - s p rea d i n g , s l e n de r , pendulos . B ra n c hl e ts ye l l ow i s h - g ray , s h i ny , smo o th . B ud s o vo i d , a c u te , da r k re dd i s h , s l i g h t l yre s i no u s , s u r ro u nde d by t he l ea ve s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y s p rea d i n g , po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s ,

s l e n de r , 2 - 4 cm . l o n g , s h a rp l y po i n ted , s tra i g h t o r i n c u r ve d , br i g h t o r da rk g ree n,

s toma ta o n bo t h s u rfa c e s , q u a d ra ng u l a r , b l u n t l y ro u n de d o r s p i n e - t i p pe d . Fema l eco ne s cy l i n d r i c a l , 9- 18 cm . l o n g by 4 cm . w i de , da r k s h i ny brown ; s c a l e s b roa do v a te to s ubo r b i c u l a r , ro u n de d a nd e n t i re a t the a pe x , ma rg i n s wa vy ; b ra c tsre c ta n g u l a r , p u rp l i s h - b rown , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te . Seed s re d - brown , n u t 4 mm . l o n g

,

w i n g to 9 mm . l o n g .

A fg h a n i s ta n ; N.W. I n d i a ; Ne pa l ; S .W. C h i n a : T i be t , 2400- 3600 m. .

P . S P I N ULOSA ( G r i ff . ) He n ry E a s t H i ma l aya n S p ru c e

A broa d l y co n i c a l t re e to 60 m . ta l l , w i th s p re a d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k p i n k i s hg ray , e x fo l i a t i ng i n s q ua r i s h s c a l y p l a te s . B ra n c he s l o n g , f i ne , pe n de n t . B ra n c hl e ts s l e n de r , smoo t h , ye l l ow i s h be com i n g g ray . B ud s o vo i d , pa l e b rown , s l i g h t l yre s i no u s , w i t h o b tu s e s c a l e s . L ea ve s i m pe rfe c t l y s p i ra l l y a r ra ng ed , de n s e , f l a t te ned do r s i v e n tra l l y , s h i ny g re e n a bo ve , s toma ta mo re n ume ro u s be l ow i n 2 g l a u co u sba n d s , cm . l o n g , k ee l e d , p u n ge n t , a pex w i t h a s h o r t mu c ro na te s p i ne , c ro s ss e c t i o n d i amo nd - s ha pe d . Fema l e co ne s o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , s omewh a t re s i no u s , 7- 10 cm .

l o n g by cm . w i de , g re e n w i t h p u rp l e s c a l e ma rg i n s turn i n g s h i ny brown ; s c a l e sb roa d l y ro u nde d , f i ne l y too t he d , a c um i na te a t the ba se , a pex s l i g h t l y no tc he d ;b ra c t ro u nded , pu rp l i s h , po i n te d a t the a pex . See d w i t h a nu t 3 mm . l o n g , w i n g8- 12 mm . l o n g , p u rp l i s h - b rown .

S i k k i m ; B h u ta n ; C h i na : S . E . T i be t , 2400- 3600 m

P . W I L SON I I Ma s t . W i l s o n S p ru ce

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l tree 25-50 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rt h , w i t h s ho r ts prea d i n g h o r i zo n ta l bra nc he s . Ba r k g ray i s h - p i n k , d i v i d ed i n to f l a k e s . B ra n c h l e t ssmoo th , g ray -wh i te , w i t h m i n u te l ea f s ta l k s . B u d s o vo i d - co n i c a l , S l i g h t l yre s i no u s ; s c a l e s ro u nde d , c h e s tn u t- brown . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed , po i n t i n gfo rwa rd s , g l o s sy da r k g ree n , p u ng e n t , mu c ro n a te , l cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de ,

w i t h mo re s toma ta be l ow , s to u t , s tra i g h t o r c u rved , c ro s s - s e c t i o n d i amo n d - s h a pe dto q u a d ra ng u l a r . Fema l e co ne o b l o ng - cy l i nd r i c , b rown ,

-9 cm . l o n g by 2- 3 cm .

w i de ; s ca l e s s ub o rb i c u l a r , h ump - b a c ke d , s pa th u l a te , a c um i n a te , f i n e l y i n c u rve da t t he ma rg i n ; bra c t l i ne a r - o b l o n g , ro u n de d a n d de n t i c u l a te a t the a pex . S ee dw i th a n u t mm. l o n g , w i ng 6- 7 mm . l o n g .

C h i na : Ts i ng h a i to W . H u pe h , 1400- 2800 m. .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

130 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

P . A L B I CA UL I S E ng e l m . W h i te bar k P i ne

A tree 6- 15 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n i r re g u l a r , s p rea d i n g c row n ,

o f te n w i t h a s ho r t tw i s ted tr u n k . Ba r k w h i t i s h - g ray , smoo t h , t he n s ca l y . B ra n c hl e t s p u be s ce n t whe n yo u ng , s to u t , f l e x i b l e , red d i s h - b row n . Bu d s o vo i d , s ha rp l ypo i n ted , re s i no u s , ye l l ow i s h o r red - b rown , s ca l e s e l o n g a te d . S he a t h d ec i d uo u s i nt h e f i r s t yea r , o ra n g e - brown . Ne ed l e s f i ve i n a b u n d l e , c rowde d a t e nd s o f t h ebra n c h l e t s , 4 - 7 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , d u l l g re e n , w i t h fa i n t s toma ta o n a l ls u rfa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 1- 3 . Fema l e co n e i n g ro u p s o f 1- 3 , o vo i d o r s u bolobose , nea r l y s ta l k l e s s , 4 - 8 cm . l o n g by 4 -6 cm . w i de , p u r p l e to brown , rema i ni ng c l o s ed a f te r ma tu r i ty ; apophses o v a te , swo l l e n , t h i c k , w i th a t h i c k i n c u r ve da p i c a l umbo . Seed s e l l i p t i c a l , da r k b rown , w i n g l e s s , 8- 12 inn. l o n g .

S .W. Ca na d a ; N.W. Un i ted S ta te s , No r t he rn Ro c ky Mts . , 1372- 3658 m

P . AR I STATA E n g e l m . Ea s te rn B r i s t l eco ne P i ne

A sma l l bus hy tre e 3- 15 m . ta l l ,- l m . i n g i r t h , o fte n g n a r l e d , w i t h a n o pe n

,

i rre g u l a r c rown . Ba rk re dd i s h - brown , f i s s u red i n to f l a t r i d ge s . Tr u n k o f te n s ho r ta nd m u l t i - s temmed . Bra n c he s e re c t , s omewh a t fa s t i g i a te . Bra n c h l e ts p u be s c e n t

,

s c a l y , g roo ve d , o r a ng e - b rown th e n b l a c k i s h . B u d s o vo i d , pointed, s l i ghtly p u be sc e n t , 7 mmm . l o n g , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , c h e s tn u t - brown , s c a l e s fr i n ge d . S h ea t h5-6 mm . l o n g , fr i n g ed , c he s t n u t - b rown , p u be s c e n t , c u r l i n g to fo rm a ba s a lro s e t te . Need l e s i n f i ve s , pe r s i s t 12 - 15 yea rs , s h i ny da r k g ree n , c u rve d , c rowde da t t i p s o f bra n c h l e t s , cm . l o n g , s t i ff , i n ne r s u rfa c e s wh i t i s h w i t hco n s p i c uo u s re s i n de po s i ts ; re s i n c a na l s ma rg i n a l , ta n ge n t i a l , o ne . Fema l e co neo va l , cm . l o n g , da rk b u ff to g ray - b rown , w i t h p u r p l i s h - brown s c a l e s ;a po p hy ses o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a l o n g s l e nde r ce n tra l s p i n e . See d w i t ha n o vo i d, b l a c k i s h n u t 6 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de ; w i n g s tra n s pa re n t , 7- l l mm . l o n g .

Lo ng e v i ty 1500- 2000 yea r s .

W . Co l o ra do ; N . New Me x i c o ; N . Ar i zo na , 2500- 3400 m. .

P . AR I STATA v a r . LONGAEVA ( D . K . Ba i l ey ) L i t t l e We s te rn Br i s t l eco ne P i n e

A tree 7- 15 m . ta l l , w i t h a n o pe n , i r re g u l a r c rown . Ba r k d a r k b rown , s ca l y .

Bra n c he s h a ng i ng a n d tw i s t i n g . B ra n c h l e t s pu be s ce n t , s ca l y , ye l l ow i s h - b rown .

Bu d s co n i c a l , 10- 12 mm . l o n g , s h i ny c he s t n u t - brown , s l i g h t l y p u be s c e n t , s ca rce l yre s i no u s , s ca l e s fr i nge d . S he a t h l i g h t c he s t n u t - brown , 5-6 mm . l o n g , c u r l i n g tofo rm a ba s a l ro s e t te , p u be s ce n t , tra n s pa re n t . Need l e s 5 pe r c l u s te r ,

- 3 cm .

l o n g by mm. w i de , no n - re s i no u s , pe rs i s te n t u p to 30 ye a r s , i n ne r s u rfa ce sw i t h wh i t i s h s toma ta ; re s i n c a na l s ma rg i na l , ta ng e n t i a l , 2 . Fema l e co ne r i c hr u s ty red - brown ,

- 9 cm . l o n g , b ro a de s t n ea r t he ba s e ; a po p hy se s o va te ,

s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a s to u t c e n tra l umbo . See d s b roa d l y ro u n de d , n u t ta ns po t ted b l a c k , mm . l o n ; w i n g s tra n s pa re n t , ta n , 6-12 mm . l o n g , ro u nde d .

C . U ta h ; S .Nevada; E . C a l i fo r n i a , 1700- 3400 m. .

S i l b a,En cy c l o p aed i a Co n i fe rae 131

P . A RMA N D I I F ra n c h . Arma nd P i neP . amamiana Koidzu,

= P . dabeshanens i s C he ng et Law ,=P . masteriana Haya ta

A bro a d l y co n i c a l tre e 20- 35 m . ta l l , w i t h w i de - s p rea d i ng ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s .

Ba r k pa l e g ray , smo o th , be com i n g f i s s u re d a nd p l a te - l i ke a nd p u rp l i s h - g ray .

B ra n c h l e t s g ree n i s h , p u be s c e n t be com i n g smoo th , w i th a fa i n t wh i t i s h b l oom . B u d scy l i nd r i c a l , b l u n t , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , l - l . 8 cm . l o n g , s ca l e s free a n d tra n s pa re n ta t th e ma rg i n s . S he a t h q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , s ho r t . Ne e d l e s i n f i ve s , 8- 15 cm . l o n gby l- l . 5 mm . w i de , d roo p i n g o r s prea d i n g , pe r s i s t 2- 3 yea r s , b r i g h t g ree n , f i ne l ys er r u l a te , ben t nea r th e ba s e , s toma ta i n 4 -7 ra n k s o n t he 2 i n ne r fa ce s ; re s i nca n a l s 2 ma r g i na l a nd l med i a n . Fema l e co ne i n g ro u p s o f 1- 3 , re s i no u s , o b l o n gcy l i nd r i c , 6- 20 cm . l o n g by 3-8 cm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h - brown , o pe n i n g u po n ma tu r i ty ;a po p hy se s o vo i d , ro u nded , t h i c k , l i p S l i g h t l y c u rv ed w i t h a sma l l b l u n t a p i c a lumbo . See d s w i n g l e s s o r ne a r l y so , n u t o bo vo i d - o b l o ng , 1- l . 2 cm . l o n g by 9- 11 mm .

w i d e , p a l e g ray - brown .

N. E . I n d i a ; N . B u rma ; C . C h i n a ; E . Ta i wa n ; 5 . J a pa n , 600-3300 m. .

P . ATTE NUATA Lemm . Knobcone P i n e

A n a r row l y co n i c a l tree 9- 24 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h ho r i zo n ta lb ra n c he s , becom i n g i rre g u l a r w i t h a g e . Ba rk g ray , smoo th , be com i n g da r k g raya n d f i s s u re d i n to s c a l y r i d g e s . B ra nc he s c u rve u pwa rd s a t the e n d s . B ra n c h l e t sSmoo t h , re d - brow n . B ud s cy l i ndr i ca l , re s i no u s , l . 8- 3 cm . l o n g , da r k re d - brown .

S hea th pe r s i s te n t , 10 mm . l o ng . Nee d l e s u s ua l l y i n th ree s , pe rs i s t 3- 4 yea r s ,

- 18 cm . l o n g , s l e n de r , s t i ff , ye l l ow- g ree n , f i ne l y too t hed ; re s i n ca na l smed i a n , 2 . Fema l e c o ne o vo i d , c l u s te red i n who r l s , c u rve d , s h i ny ye l l ow- brown ,

8- 15 cm . l o n g by 5-6 cm . w i de , rema i n i n g c l o s e d fo r ma ny yea rs ; a po p hy s e so va te , swo l l e n , p ro t u be ra n t a t the ba s e o n o ne s i de o f th e c o ne , w i t h a sma l lt h i c k c e n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a b l a c k i s h n u t 6 mm . l o ng by 4 mm . w i de , w i ngto 18 mm . l o n g o r mo re .

S .W. O reg o n ; W . Ca l i fo rn i a ; Me x i co : N . Ba j a Ca l i fo rn i a , 305- 1219m. .

P . A YACA HU I TE Ehrenb. e x S c h l e c h t . Mex i c a n W h i te P i n e

A co n i c a l t ree 20- 50 m . ta l l , w i t h a n i rreg u l a r , s p rea d i ng c rown . Ba r k smoo t h ,

red d i s h , becom i n g b l a c k i s h , s c a l y , the n f i s s u red . B ra nc he s ho r i zo n ta l o rs omewha t pe nde n t . Bra nc h l e t s pa l e g ray o r ye l l ow- brown , f i ne l y p u be s ce n t . Bu d sco n i c a l

,re s i no u s , cm . l o ng , pa l e b rown to redd i s h , s c a l e s free a t t he a pex .

S he a t h q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , l - l .5 cm . l o n g , s h i ny . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , s l e n de r ,

s pre a d i ng , s omewh a t pe nde n t , a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e ts , 10- 20 cm . l o n g , g l a u co u sg re e n o r g ray - g re e n , s err u l a te , s toma ta o n 2 ve n tra l fa ce s ; re s i n ca na l s ma rg i na l ,

2- 4 . Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f 1- 4 , o n a pe d u n c l e -5 cm . l o ng , cy l i n d r i ca l ,

10- 30 cm . l o n g o r l o n ge r , by 6- 14 cm . w i de , pa l e o ra ng e - brown , o pe n i ng u po nma tu r i ty ; a po p hy s e s f l a tte ne d , tr i a ng u l a r , a pex s tro n g l y recurved,wi th a sma l la p i c a l umbo . See d s o vo i d , n u t d a r k g ray 9 mm. l o n g , w i ng to cm . l o ng o r mo re .

S . E . Me x i co : W . Ve ra Cr u z to C . C h i a p a s ; S . G ua tema l a ; N.W. E l S a l va do r ;W . Ho nd u ra s , to 3050 m

132 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

P . BA L FOU R I ANA G re v . et Ba l f . e x A . M u rr . No r t he rn Fo x ta i l P i ne

A b roa d l y c o n i c a l tree 6- 15 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n i rre g u l a rc row n o f s ho r t s p rea d i n g b ra n c h e s . Ba r k smo o t h , w h i t i s h - g ray , t h e n g ray a ndr i d g e d . Bra nc he s downswept . Bra n c h l e t s s ca l y , o ra ng e - brown , s omew ha t g l a u co u s

,

de n s e l y p u be s c en t . B ud s o vo i d , mm . l o n g , re s i no u s , c h e s t n u t - brow n . S he a th4 mm . l o n g , s o o n c u r l i ng . Ne ed l e s fre q ue n t l y i n fo u r s , s p i ne - t i p pe d , 2 cm .

l o ng by 1 mm . w i d e , c u rve d , da r k g re e n , pe r s i s t i n g 10- 20 yea rs , w i t h fa i n ts toma ta o n t h e i n ne r s u r fa ce s . Fema l e c o ne o b l o ng - cy l i nd r i c , cm. l o n g by

cm . w i de , p u rp l i s h - b rown ; a po p hy s e s o va te , w i t h a swo l l e n r i n g a ro u nd a ni nc o n s p i c uo u s ce n tra l umbo . Se ed w i t h a n u t nnu l o n g , w i n g to mm .

l o n gN . Ca l i fo rn i a , W . Si skiyou, E . Tr i n i ty a nd W . Te hama Co u n t i e s ,

2408- 2652 m. .

P . BAL F O U R IANA va r . AUSTRINA (Mastr . et Mas tr . ) S i l ba So u the rn Fox ta i l P i ne

A tree 10- 17 m . ta l l , b ra n c h e s s to u t a n d u pr i g h t . Ba r k fu r rowe d , c i n namo n - o ra n g e ,

p l a te - l i k e . B ra n c h l e t s s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t , s c a l y , o ra n g e . B u d s s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ,

o vo i d , po i n te d , ye l l ow i s h - o ra n ge , p u be s ce n t , 7 mm . l o ng . S he a th c u r l s to fonn aba s a l ro s e t te , 2 mm . l o n g . Nee d l e s 5-6 pe r bu nd l e , pe rs i s t 25 ye a rs o r mo re ,

2 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , w i tho u t d o r s a l g roo ve s , s toma ta l b l oom p rom i ne n t o nt he i n ne r fa c e s ; a pe x c u r ved , a c u te , ye l l ow i s h . Ma l e s tro b i l i b l u i s h , o b l o n gcy l i n d r i c . Fema l e co n e s e l l i p t i c , re s i no u s , p u rp l e t u rn i n g ru s ty re d - brown ,

cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , w i t h 80 s ca l e s ; a po p hy s e s o v a te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n ,

umbo s i n de n ted a n d i n co n s p i c uo u s . See d s w i t h pa l e ta n n u ts , mm . l o n g ; w i n g stra n s pa re n t , to mm . l o n g .

C . Ca l i fo rn i a , E . Tu l a re , S . F re s no a n d W . I nyo Co u n t i e s , 1524 - 3018 m. .

P . BAN KS I ANA L am b . J a c k P i ne

A s h ru b o r broa d l y c o n i c a l tree 9- 21 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n o pe n ,

s p rea d i ng c rown . Ba r k o ra ng e - g ray o r da r k b rown , w i t h th i n s ca l e s . Bra n c h l e t sf i ne , f l e x i b l e , smoo th , g ree n i s h - pu rp l e o r ye l l ow i s h - brown . Bu d s o vo i d , 8 mm . l o n g ,

re s i no u s , br i g h t l i g h t brown , s c a l e ma rg i n s no t fr i nge d . S he a th s ho r t , 3-6 mm . l o ng ,

q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s . Need l e s u s ua l l y i n two s , pe rs i s t 2 - 4 yea rs , 2 -4 cm . l o n g , s to u t ,

s l i g h t l y f l a t te n ed a nd tw i s t i ng , w i de l y fo r k i n g , s h i ny g ree n , f i ne l y s e rr u l a te ,

w i th f i ne s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca na l s ma rg i n a l , 0- 2 . Fema l e co ne i ng ro u p s o f 2- 3 , n a rrow , c u rv ed , s h i ny l i g h t ye l l ow i s h - g ray , 3- 5 cm . l o n g , u s u a l l yrema i n i ng c l o s e d , pe r s i s t s 12 - 15 yea r s ; a po p hy s e s ro u nde d , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i tha n i n co n s p i c uo u s ce n tra l umbo . Seed s w i t h a b l a c k i s h - brown n u t 4 mm . l o n g , w i n g to12 mm . l o ng a n d b rown .

C . C a n a d a : S . Ma c ke n z i e to No v a Sco t i a ; N. E . Un i te d S ta te s : M i n ne so ta to Ma i ne ,

350-850 m. .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

134 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

P . B U NG EA NA Z u c c . e x E nd l . Lac e ba rk P i ne

A tree 25- 30 m . ta l l , o f te n mu l t i - s temmed , w i t h l o n g ve r t i c a l b ra nc he s . Ba rksmoo t h , c ha l ky - wh i te , be com i ng mu l t i co l o red , g ree n - p u rp l e - brown , w i th sma l l fews c a l e s . B ra n c h l e t s smoo t h , g ray - g ree n . B ud s s p i n d l e - s ha pe d , cm . l o ng , no nre s i no u s , p u r p l i s h to re d - b row n , s c a l e s free a n d fr i n g ed a t the ma rg i n s . S he a t hs ho r t a n d dec i d uo u s . Need l e s i n th ree s , 5- 10 cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , t h i c k ,

r i g i d , da r k g re e n , s e rr u l a te , pe rs i s te n t 3 - 4 ye a rs , w i t h fa i n t s toma ta o n t h eba c k ; re s i n ca n a l s ma rg i n a l o r s u bma rg i na l , 1- 7. Fema l e c o n e i n g ro u p s o f 1- 2 ,

o vo i d , subses i le, 5- 7 cm . l o n g by 4 - 5 cm . w i de , ta n to d a r k b rown , o pe n i n g u po nma tu r i ty ; a po p hy s e s th i c k , swo l l e n , o va te , w i th a l o n g ce n tra l s h a rp po i n te ddec u rve d umbo See d s w i t h a n o vo i d , da r k b row n n u t 8- 13 mm. l o n g , w i n g s 5- 12 mm .

l o n g .

C h i n a : E . S ze c h u a n to C . S ha n s i , 500- 1800 m. .

P . CA NA R I E NS I S C . Sm i th e x B u c h . Ca na ry I s l a n d P i ne

A n a rrow tree to 30 m . t a l l , to 3 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a b roa d ro u n ded c row n . Ba rkg ray - b row n - red , f i s s u re d i n to i rre g u l a r s c a l e s . Bra n c he s o fte n w i t h s ca tte re ds ho r t l e a fy b ra n c h l e t s . B ra n c he s s p rea d i n g a n d d roo p i n g . B ra nc h l e t s smo o t h ,

ye l l ow i s h . B u d s l a rg e , o b l o n g - o vo i d , po i n ted , re d - b rown , no n - re s i no u s , s c a l e sfree . S hea t h pe rs i s te n t , cm . l o n g . J u ve n i l e fo l i a ge g l a u co u s . Need l e s i nt h ree s , 20- 30 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , s p re a d i n g , b r i g h t g ree n , pe nde n t , pe rs i s t 2 ye a rs , s toma ta o n 3 fa c e s , a pe x a c u te ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n . Fema l e co ne so vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , 15- 23 cm . l o n g by cm . wi de , s h i ny l i g h t b rown ; a po p hy se so v a te , s l i g h t l y f l a t te ned , s ome t i me s w i th a n e l o n ga te d a pe x , w i th a sma l lce n tra l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a b l a c k i s h n u t 10 - 12 mm . l o n g by 7 mm . w i de , w i t h aw i n g to 23 mm . l o n g .

Ca na ry I s l a n d s : Te ne r i ffe a nd G ra n d Ca n a ry I s l a n d , 1524 - 2195 m. .

P CARI BEAMorelot Ca r i b bea n P i neP . caribea va r . hondurens i s ( Se ne c1 . ) Ba rr . e x Go l f .

A s l e nde r tree 10- 45 m . ta l l , to 70 cm . i n g i r th . Ba r k th i c k , red d i s h ,

d ee p l y f i s s u re d i n to f i ne , l a rg e s ca l e s . Bra n c h l e t s s c a l y , smoo th , o ra n g ebrown . Bu d s cy l i nd r i c a l , a tte n u a te a t the a pe x , pa l e c he s tn u t - b rown , s c a l e sfr i n ge d wh i te a t t he ma rg i n s . S he a t h pe r s i s te n t , l - l .5 cm . l o n g . Lea ve s i nth ree s to f i ve s , mo s t l y i n th ree s , pe rs i s t 2 ye a r s , s e rru l a te , s h i ny da r kg ree n , 12 -30 cm . l o n g by l - l . 3 mm . w i de , s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa ce s ; re s i nc a n a l s i n te r na l , 3- 6. Ma l e s tro b i l i w i th ame n t s 20- 32 mm . l o n g . Fema l ec o ne re f l exe d o n a l o n g pe d u n c l e , de c i d u o u s , asymmetrica1 , conica1 , 5- 13 cm .

l o n g by cm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h - brown ; a po p hy se s broa d l y o va te , s l i g h t l yf l a t te ne d , w i th a sma l l f i ne ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a n u t 6 mm . l o n g byZ inn. w i d e , da r k b rown ; w i n g to 15 mm . l o n g , rema i n s a tta c he d . Co ty l edo n s 4 - 9.

W . C u ba , P i na r de l R i o ; E . G ua tema l a ; B r i t i s h Ho nd u ra s ; Ho n d u ra s a ndN i c a ra g u a , O-853 m. .

S i l b a,E n cycl o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 135

P . CARI BEA v a r . BAHAMENS I S (Gri seb. ) Ba r r . ex Go l f . Ba h ama n P i n e

A tree 8— 20 m . ta l l , to 50 cm . i n g i r th . Ba r k g ray , s c a l y , ro u g h . B ra n c h l e tss c a l y , smoo th , o ra nge - b rown . B ud s l . 2 - 2 cm . l o n g , o vo i d , da r k brown ; s c a l e sl o n g - tr i a n g u l a r , re f l e xe d , fr i n ge d ye l l ow . S he a t h 8- 11 nnu l o n g , g ray - b rown ,

p u be s c e n t , ma rg i n s fr i n ge d gray .Needles mo s t l y i n two s , 19- 25 cm . l o n g , l - l . 5 nun

w i de . Fema l e co ne o n a c u rve d ped u n c l e 1- 2 cm . l o n g , co ne broa d l y o vo i d ,

4 - 12 cm . l o ng , a po p hy s e s w i th a m i n u te e re c t ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a na rrowl yt r i a n g u l a r n u t 5- 6 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , w i t h a l o n g de c i d uo u s w i n g . Co ty l e do n s4 -7.

Ba hama I s l a nd s : G ra n d Ba h ama s ; An d ro s I s l a n d , 0- 30 m . o r mo re .

P . C EMB RA L . Sw i s s S to n e P i ne

A na r row l y co n i c a l t re e 25- 40 m . ta l l , w i t h S ho r t s p re a d i n g b ra nc he s a n d w i t ha n i rre g u l a r c rown . Ba r k smo o t h , g ray - g ree n , be com i n g re d d i s h - g ray a nd d i v i de d i n top u rp l i s h s ca l y p l a te s . Bra n c h l e ts o ra n ge - b rown , p u be s ce n t . B u d s l o n g - a c um i na te

,

re s i no u s , re d - brown , 6- 10 mm. l o n g , s c a l e s s omewha t free a t the a pe x . S hea t hde c i d uo u s i n t he f i r s t yea r . Ne ed l e s i n f i ve s , 5- 8 cm . l o n g by l nnu w i de , de n s e l yc rowded , da r k b l ue - g ree n , pe rs i s t 3- 5 ye a rs , i n n e r s u rfa ce s b l ue -wh i te , f i ne l ys e rru l a te ; re s i n c a n a l s med i a n , 2 - 3 . Fema l e c o ne o n a s ho r t pe du nc l e , o vo i d tone a r l y g l o bo s e , dee p b l ue o r p u rp l i s h tu rn i n g l i g h t b rown , 5-8 cm . l o ng by

-5 cm . w i de , rema i n i n g c l o s e d fo r a s ho r t t i me a f te r ma t u r i ty ; a po p hy se s o va te,

swo l l e n , th i c k , w i t h a b l u n t i n c o n s p i c uo u s a p i ca l umbo . See d s 12 mm . l o n g by6- 10 mm . w i de , re d - brown , u s u a l l y w i n g l e s s .

Ce n tra l E u ro pe : S . E . Fra n c e to W . W . Uk ra i ne , to 2500 m. .

P C EMB RO I DE S Z u c c . e x K . Baye r Mex i c a n P i nyo n P i neP . c emb ro i d e s va r . lagunae Ro b .

- Pas . ,=P . cemb ro i de s subsp . o r i za be n s i s Ba i l

A sma l l re s i no u s tree 5- 6 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rth , w i th a s prea d i ngc rown o f l ow , ho r i zo n ta l bra n c he s . Tr u n k s ho r t . Ba r k l i g h t g ray , smoo t h , t he n d a rkg ray to re dd i s h - brown , s c a l y a n d fu rrowe d . Bra n c h l e ts smoo th o r f i ne l y p u be s ce n t ,

f i n e , brown . B u d s cy l i n d r i c a l , s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , 6- 12 mm . l o n g , b rown . S he a t hs omewha t de c i d uo u s , fo rm i ng a ba s a l ro s e tte . Nee d l e s i n th ree s , ra re l y two s tof i ve s , r i g i d , c u rved , 2-6 cm . l o n g , br i g h t o r da r k g ree n , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s ,

ma rg i n s e n t i re ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 2 . Fema l e co ne q u i c k l y dec i d uo u s , g l o bo s eo r s u bg l o bo s e , 3- 5 cm . l o n g by 3-4 cm . w i de , d u l l ye l l ow i s h o r o ra n ge - brown ;a po p hys e s o v a te , swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y p ro tu be ra n t w i t h a t h i c k b l u n t ce n tra l umbo .

Se ed da r k brown , o b l o n g to o bo vo i d , 1- 2 cm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de , w i n g l e s s , t h i c ks he l l ed , o i l y .

S .W. U n i te d S ta te s to N . Mex i c o , 762 - 2700 m. .

P C EMBRO I DE S v a r . QUA DR I FOL I A ( Pa r l . ex S u dw . ) De La u b . et S i l ba Pa rry P i nyo n P i n eP . j uarezens i s La n ne r ,

=P . pa rrya na E n g l .

A sma l l re s i no u s tree 5-9 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a s p rea d i n gro u n ded c rown a nd w i t h l ow , ho r i zo n ta l bra nc he s . Ba r k l i g h t gray , smoo t h ,

becom i ng re dd i s h - b rown a n d fu rrowe d i n to s ca l y r i d ge s . Bra nc h l e ts p u be s ce n ta t f i r s t , o ra nge - brown . Bu d s brown . S he a th cm . l o n g , fo rm i ng a ba s a lro se t te . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s may a p pea r o n o l d tree s . Nee d l e s mo s t l y i n fo u r s ,

s ome t i me s f i ve s , r i g i d , i nc u rved , p er s i s t 3- 4 yea rs , 3-4 cm . l o n g , br i g h tg ree n to b l u i s h - g ree n , wh i te s toma ta i n 3-5 ra n k s o n the i n ne r s u rfa c e s ,

136 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

ma rg i n s e n t i re o r s l i g h t l y s e r ru l a te ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 2 . Fema l e co ne o vo i dto s u bg l o bo s e , de c i d uo u s , ne a r l y s ta l k l e s s , 6 cm . l o ng by 5 cm . w i de , d u l lye l l ow - brown to s h i ny c he s tn u t - b rown , re s i no u s ; a po p hy se s o va te , l a rge l yp ro tu bera n t w i th a sma l l b l u n t c e n tra l umbo . See d da rk re d - b rown , cm . l o n gby cm . w i de , w i n g l e s s .

S . Ca l i fo r n i a to N . Ba j a Ca l i fo rn i a , Mex i co , 1219- 1829 m. .

P . C EMBRO I DE S va r . R E MOTA L i t t l e Pa pe rs he l l P i nyo n P i ne- P . catarinae Ro b .

- Pas .

A s h r u b o r sma l l tre e 4 - 7 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rth , w i t h a n i r re g u l a r ,

s omewh a t ro u n de d c rown , o f te n b ra n c he d from the ba s e . B ra n c h l e t s s l e n de r,

g rayB ud s s u b - cy l i n d r i c a l w i t h f i ne l o n g - ta pe r i n g s ca l e s . S hea t h somewh a t re f l e x edo n yo u n g e r ma t u re n ee d l e s . Nee d l e s i n two s , ra re l y th ree s , 3 cm . l o n g by

mm . w i d e , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , s omewha t g l a u co u s ve n tra l l y , marg i n se n t i re ; s toma ta p re se n t o n a l l s u rfa c e s , i n 4 -5 rows ve n tra l l y , i n 3-4 rowsdo r s a l l y , re s i n c a n a l s 2-5. Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 5-8 mm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s hb rown to redd i s h - b rown , cm . l o n g by 3-5 cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s o va te ,

s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y p ro tu be ra n t , c u rve d i nwa rd s a t the a pex ; umbo si nco n s p i c uo u s , h a l f t h e w i d th o f the a po p hy s e s . See d s 2 -5 mm . l o n g , a l mo n dwh i te , w i t h a pa pe r - th i n s he l l 0 . l mm . t h i c k .

S .W. Te x a s ; Me x i co : Co a h u i l a a n d Nue vo Leo n , 1100- 1400 m. .

P . C LAU SA (Chapm. ) V a sey S a n d P i n e— P . c l a u s a va r . immuginata D . B . Wa rd

A tree 9- 21 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i th a ro u nded o r f l a t - to p pe dc rown . Ba r k da r k g ray o r red d i s h - b rown , fu rrowe d i n to o b l o n g p l a te s ; g raya nd smo o t h o n yo u n g tre e s . B ra n c h l e t s t h i n , p u be s ce n t , g l a u co u s - v i o l e t the nred d i s h - brown . B u d s o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , no n - re s i n o u s , mm . l o n g , p u be s c e n t ,

da r k b rown i s h - p u rp l e , s c a l e s a c u te a nd s p re a d i n g . S hea t h pe r s i s te n t , 3-4 um.

l o n g , p u be s c e n t , c he s t n u t - b rown . Nee d l e s i n two s , f i n e , f l e x i b l e , a c u te ,

se rru l a te , 5- 9 cm . l o n g , da r k g ree n , s l e nde r , s l i g h t l y tw i s te d , s toma ta o nmo s t s u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca n a l s med i a n , a n g l e d , 2 . Fema l e co ne i n tu ft s , o n as ho rt pe d u n c l e , s e ro t i no u s , i n g ro u p s o f 2 - 3 , pe r s i s t 3- 4 yea r s , rema i n i n gc l o se d , o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , 5-8 cm . l o ng , ye l l ow - brown be com i n g g ray i s h ;a po p hy s e s broa d l y o v a te , swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y p ro tu be ra n t , w i t h a S h a rp re l a t i ve l ys ho rt ce nt ra l umbo . Seed s w i th a b l a c k i s h n u t 4 mm. l o ng by mm . w i de ,

w i ng s l i g h t brown to 17 mm . l o n g .

S . A l a b ama , Ba l dw i n Co u n ty to N . S . F l o r i d a , to 61 m. .

P CONTO RTA Do ug l . ex Lo u d . S ho re P i neP . co n to r ta v a r . bo l a nde r i L emm .

A bu s hy tree 6- 10 m . ta l l , w i t h a s l i g h t l y twi s te d tru n k a n d w i t h a de n s es p rea d i ng c rown , be com i ng co l um na r o r ne a r l y f l a t- to p pe d . Ba rk f i ne , b rown ,

furrowe d i n to s q u a r i s h p l a te s , i n ne r - ba r k p u rp l i s h a n d o ra ng e . Bra nc h l e t s smoo th ,

w i t h f i ne l o n g i t u d i n a l g roo ve s , g ree n tu r n i ng g ray - p u rp l e o r o ra n ge - b rown .

B u d s o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , s ho r t l y po i n te d , da r k re dd i s h - b rown , cm . l o n g ,

re s i no u s . S hea t h pe rs i s te n t , 3-6mm. l o n g . Ne ed l e s i n two s , pe rs i s t 3-8 ye a rs ,

po i n te d , r i g i d , c l o s e l y s e t , s omewha t s e rru l a te , twi s te d , f i ne , 3-7 cm . l o n gby mm . w i de , da rk br i g h t g ree n , w i th n ume ro u s s toma ta o n 2 s u rfa c e s ;re s i n c a n a l s med i a n , 0- 2 . Fema l e co ne i n tu ft s of 2 , pe r s i s te n t u s ua l l y

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138 PHYTOLOGI Z MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . COOP E R I var . ORNELASI ( Ma r t . ) B l a n co Orne l a s P i n e

A tree 20- 30 m . ta l l , 40- 75 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a ro u nded , de n s e c row n . Ba r kda rk g ray , f i s s u re d , p l a te - l i ke . Need l e s i n f i ve s , 10- 15 cm . l o n g , da rk g re e n ;re s i n c a n a l s med i a n , 3- 7. Fema l e c o ne na rrow l y o vo i d , a t te n u a te a t t he ba s e ,

7- 10 cm . l o ng , ye l l ow i s h , o n a pe d u n c l e 8 mm . l o n g ; a po p hys e s o v a te , swo l l e n ,

w i t h a l o n g f i ne de c u rve d c e n t ra l um bo . Seed w i t h a c he s tn u t - b row n n u t 5- 7 nnul o n g , w i n g to 20 mm . l o n g .

Me x i c o : D ura n go , E l S a l to ( type ) .

P . CO ULTE R I D . Do n Co u l te r P i ne

A bro a d l y co n i c a l tree 12- 21 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a n o pe n ,

i rreg u l a r c rown . Tr u n k re l a t i ve l y s t ra i g h t w i th rows o f nea r l y ho r i zo n ta lb ra nc he s . Ba rk da r k g ray , dee p l y fu rrowe d , becom i n g b l a c k i s h - g ray

,d i v i ded i n to

rec ta ng u l a r p l a t e s o n l a rg e r l i mb s . B ra n c h l e t s smoo t h , v i o l e t - g l a uc o u s t u rn i n gg re e n o r o ra n ge - b rown . B ud s o vo i d , s ha r p - po i n ted , re s i no u s

,t h i c k

, 2- 4 cm . l o n g ,

s ca l e s fr i n g ed a t t he ma rg i n s . S h ea t h pe rs i s te n t , 4 cm . l o n g . Need l e s i n th ree s,

pers i s t 2- 3 yea r s , c rowde d a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e t s , s to u t , c u rve d , r i g i d,s e rr u l a te

,

l i g h t g ray - g ree n to da r k g ree n , 15- 30 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , s toma ta n umero u so n 3 s u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca na l s med i a n , 2 - 10 . Fema l e c o ne o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e ,

per s i s te n t , o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , be n t downwa rd , 20- 35 cm . l o ng by 10- 12 cm . w i de ,

he a vy , fawn - b rown ; a po p hy s e s o va te , swo l l e n , no ta b l y pro tu be ra n t , ba s a l a po p hy s e sre f l e xe d , a po p hy s e s w i th a l o n g t h i c k bro a d i n c u rv ed a p i c a l umbo ; c o ne o pe n sg ra d ua l l y . Se ed w i th a d a r k n u t cm . l o ng by 8- 10 mm . w i de , w i th a d e ta c ha b l e w i n g to cm . l o ng .

S .W. Ca l i fo rn i a to N . Ba j a Ca l i fo r n i a , Me x i co , 305- 2134 m. .

P . C U LM I N I CO LA A n d r . et Beam . Po to s i P i nyo n P i n e

A l ow w i de - bra n c h i n g S h r u b 1- 5 m . ta l l , to m . i n d i ame ter , w i t h ade c umbe n t tr u n k a nd w i t h a de n s e c rown . Ba r k g ray , smo o t h , be c om i n g p l a te - l i k e .

S hea th 6 mm . l o n g , ro l l i n g ba c k to fo rm a ba s a l ro s e t te . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s ,

ra re l y i n fo u r s to s i x i n a b u n d l e , 3 cm . l o n g by l - l . 3 mm . w i de , b l u i s hg ree n , b l u n t l y po i n te d , s toma ta o n l y o n t he 2 i n ne r s u rfa ce s , remo te l ys e rru l a te , i nc u rv ed i n de n s e c l u s te r s a t e nd s o f t h i c k b ra n c h l e t s , g l a u co u sve n tra l l y . Fema l e c o ne s s u bg l o bo s e , cm . l o n g by -4 cm . w i de , w i thfew s c a l e s ; a po p hy s e s s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , o va te , s u b rh ombo i da l , c he s tn u t - brown ,

w i th a sma l l s to u t c e n tra l umbo . Seed s to 9 mm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de , w i n g l e s sMex i co : W . Ne u vo Leo n , Cerro Po to s i , 3353- 3658 m. .

P . C ULM I N I CO LA va r . D I SCOL O R ( Ba i l . et Hawksw. ) S i l ba Bo rde r P i nyo n P i n e

A tre e 5-12 m . ta l l , o pe n b ra n c he d a n d w i t h a S prea d i n g , ro u n de d c rown .

D i oec i o u s tree s mo re dom i ne n t i n th e w i l d . B u d s sub- cy l i nd r i c , w i t h l o n gta pe r i n g s ca l e s , a pe x red d i s h . S hea th s h i g h l y re fl exe d , fo rm i ng a conspi c

uous ro s e t te a t the ba s e o f the fa s c i c l e . Nee d l e s u s ua l l y i n three s , ra re l yto f i ve s , da r k g ree n do rs a l l y , g l a u co u s ven tra l l y , 3-6 cm . l o ng bymm . w i de , s toma ta o n l y o n the i n ne r s u rfa ce s , ma rg i n s e n t i re , re s i n d u c tstwo . Fema l e co ne 2- 3 cm . l o n g by -4 cm . w i de , br i g h t ye l l ow i s h to re d di s h - brown , o n a ped u n c l e 3-6 mm. l o ng ; umbo s sma l l a nd s l i g h t l y rece s se d .

Se ed s w i t h a s h e l l mm. th i c k , w i ng l e s s .

S .W. Un i ted S ta te s : S . E . Ar i z o n a to Sa n L u i s Po to s i , N . Mex i c o ,

1300- 2700 m. .

S i l b a,

E n cyc l o pa ed i a C on i fe ra e 139

P . C ULM I N I CO LA va r . J O HA N N I S (M. F . Ro b . ) S i l ba Jo h a n n P i nyo n P i ne

A sma l l tree 2-6 m . ta l l , o fte n w i t h s e ve ra l s tems . Ba rk l oo s e a n d f l a ky . B ud ss ub cy l i n d r i c , w i t h l o ng - ta pe r i n g s c a l e s . Ne e d l e s mo s t l y i n th ree s , da r k g ree ndo rs a l l y , s omewh a t g l a u co u s ve n tra l l y ,

-6 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de .

s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , ma rg i n s e n t i re , s toma ta o n l y o n t he i n ne r - l e a f s u rfa c e s,

re s i n d uc ts 2 . Fema l e c o ne s u bg l o bo s e - 4 cm . l o n g by 3- 5 cm . w i de , g ree ng ray to c he s tn u t , o n a pe d u n c l e 3-8 mm . l o n g , umbo s d u l l a n d s l i g h t l yre ce s s ed . Se ed S h e l l - 1 mm . th i c k , s ee d s w i ng l e s s . Co ty l e do n s 6- 11 .

Me x i co : Co a h u i l a , S i e rra Ma d re Or i e n ta l ; Za c a te ca s , Co nc ep c i o n de l Oro,

to 2700 m. .

P . DE NSA ( L i t t l e et Do rm . ) De L a ub . et S i l ba Da de P i ne

A de n s e tree 8- 26 m . ta l l , w i t h a tr u n k d i v i ded i n to s e ve ra l bra n c he s a ndfo rm i n g a ro u nde d c rown , e ve n tu a l l y be com i n g f l a t- to p pe d . Ba r k p u rp l i s h - b rown

,

fu rrowe d i n to s c a l y p l a te s . B ra n c h l e ts re l a t i ve l y t h i c k . Bu d s w i t h fr i n ge d,

s i l ve ry s ca l e s . S hea t h ye l l ow - b rown , 7- 10 mm . l o ng , pe rs i s te n t . Ne ed l e s i ntwo s , 9- 24 cm . l o n g by mm . wi de , c l u s te re d a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e ts ; re s i nca n a l s i n te rna l , 3-9. Fema l e co ne o vo i d , cm . l o n g ; a po p hy s e s o va tero u n de d , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i th a n i nde n te d p r i c k l y ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i thl o n g w i ng s . S eed l i n g s go th ro u g h a d i s t i n c t g ra s s - l i ke s ta ge .

S . F l o r i da , Da de Co u n ty to F l o r i da Key s , n ea r l y a t sea l e ve l .

P . DE NS I F LO RA S i e b . et Z u c c . Ja pa ne s e Re d P i ne

A co n i c a l tree 21- 37 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , freq ue n t l y c roo ke d , w i t ha b ro a d , i rreg u l a r c rown . Ba r k o ra n ge - re d , d i v i ded i n to th i n o b l o n g s c a l yp l a te s , be com i ng g ray a n d s l i g h t l y f i s s u re d . B ra n c he s s ho r t a nd ho r i zo n ta l .

Bra n c h l e t s smo o t h , g ree n t u rn i n g o ra n ge - red , w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom . Bu d s o vo i do b l o n g , cm . l o n g , f i ne l y re s i no u s , c he s tn u t - brown , s ca l e s free a n d s omewh a t re f l e xe d . S hea th somewha t pe r s i s te n t , l - l .5 cm . l o n g , w i t h l o n g pa l ema rg i n s . Ne e d l e s i n two s , pe r s i s t 3 yea rs , f i ne , d u l l g ree n to b l u i s h - g ree n ,

s omewha t tw i s ted , 6- 12 cm . l o ng by - 1 mm. w i de , f i ne l y se rru l a te , s toma ta o nmo s t s u rfa ce s , a pe x f i ne l y po i n ted ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i na l , 2 - 12 . Fema l e co nes i n g u l a r , o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , o vo i d - co n i c a l , pe r s i s ts 2- 3 ye a r s , 3-5 cm . l o n gby 3 cm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h o r pa l e b rown ; a po p hy s e s b ro a d l y ova te , s l i g h t l yf l a t te ne d , w i t h a n i n co n s p i c uo u s ce n t ra l umbo . See d s w i t h a n o vo i d , da r kye l l ow i s h - g ray n u t 6 um. l o n g by 3 rim. w i de , w i n g to 18 rim. l o n g .

N. E . C h i na : Ma n c h u r i a ; E . Ko re a ; J a p a n , 800-920 m. .

P . DE N S I F LO RA va r . FU N E B R I S ( Kom . ) L i o u et Wa ng Sikhote Red P i ne

A tree 6- 12 m . ta l l , w i th a s prea d i ng a nd b u s hy c rown . Ba r k gray , re dd i s h o nbra nc he s . Woo d re s i n o u s . Bra n c h l e t s smoo th , ye l l ow i s h o r re dd i s h . Bu d s mm .

l o n g , redd i s h - b rown , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s o r no n - re s i no u s ; s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , free ,

s omewha t re f l e xe d . S he a t h 6 mm . l o ng , d a r k brown , fr i n ged g ray . Nee d l e s i ntwo s , da r k g ree n , cm . l o ng o r S l i g h t l y l on ge r by 1 nm. w i de , s tra i g h t ,

s ca bro u s o n the ma rg i n s , th i c k . Ma l e s tro b i l i w i t h de n s e ame n ts , S p i re - l i ke , w i t hs ho rt s ca l e - l i ke s tame n s , a p i ca l a p pe nda g e s o f co n ne c t i ve s memb ra neo u s . Fema l eco ne g ray to ye l l ow i s h - b rown , to 5 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy se s r homb i c , ne a r l y f l a tte ned , w i t h a m i n u te f i ne ce n tra l umbo . Seeds w i t h a l a rg e w i ng , ha l f as l o nga s t he bo dy .

N. E . Ko rea ; N. E . C h i n a : S . E . Ki r i n ; Sikhote A l i n Mts . , 500- 1600 m. .

140 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I RS V I I I 1986

P . DOU GLA S I A NA Ma r t . Do u g l a s P i ne-

P . martinez i i E . La r s e n ,=P . max iminoi Moo re ,

=P . te n u i fo l i a Be n t h .

A tree 20- 45 m . ta l l , w i th a de n se , he a v i l y b ra n c he d , ro u n de d c rown . Ba r kro u g h , da r k b rown , d i v i de d i n to i rre g u l a r , p l a te - l i ke s ca l e s . B ra n c h l e t s f i ne

,

g l a u co u s , ra re l y pr u i n o s e . B u d s o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , no n - re s i no u s , red d i s h - b row n .

S he a th pe rs i s te n t . Need l e s i n f i ve s , l i g h t gree n , s l e nde r , some t i me s g l a u co u s,

d roo p i ng , 25- 30 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , s e rru l a te , s toma ta o n mo s ts u rfa ce s , wi t h hy pode rma l i n tru s i o n s ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n , 3 . Fema l e co nefa l l i n g i n ta c t , no t l ea v i ng a few ba s a l s c a l e s o n the bra n c h l e t , o n aped u n c l e cm . l o n g , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , 5 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy s e s o va te

,

somewha t f l a t te ne d , w i t h a sma l l c e n tra l umbo . Se ed da rk brown, sma11 , w i t ha l o n g w i ng .

W . Me x i c o : S . E . So no ra to S . Me x i co , D . F . , 1830- 2700 m. .

P . DURANGENSI S Ma r t . Du ra n go P i ne

A tree 20- 40 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i t h a de n s e , ro u n de d c rown . Ba r kg ray - brown , p rom i ne n t l y f i s s u re d . Bra n c h l e t s s l i g h t l y g l a u co u s , g ree n i s h - brown ,

pu be s ce n t . B u d s u s u a l l y no n - re s i no u s , c o n i c a l , br i g h t re d - b rown , cm . l o n g .

S he a t h pe rs i s te n t , 2 cm . l o n g , re d - b rown , fr i n ge d wh i te . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s ,

s pa r s e l y arranged , sometimes u p to e i g h t pe r b u nd l e , f i ne , f l e x i b l e , 10 cm .

l o n g , s e rr u l a te , l i g h t g ray - g ree n , s toma ta o n mo s t fa c e s , a pex S p i ny a n d c l e a r ;re s i n c a na l s med i a n , 2- 5. Fema l e co ne i n g ro u p s o f 1- 3 , o n a s ho r t ped u n c l e ,

o vo i d - co n i c a l , 7- 10 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy s e s swo l l e n , t r i a n g u l a r , w i th a th i c ksma l l re f l e xed c e n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a g ray n u t to 5 mm . l o n g , w i n g 12 - 14 nnnl o n g . Se ed l i ng s g o th ro u g h a d i s t i n c t g ras s - l i ke s ta ge fo r 2 yea rs o r mo re .

W. Me x i c o : E . So no ra to N . M i c hoa c a n , 2500- 2800 m. .

P . E C H I NATA M i l l S ho r t l ea f P i ne

A tre e 21- 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i th a b roa d , o pe n c rown . Ba r kre dd i s h - brown , f l a t te ned , d i v i de d i n to p l a te s . B ra n c he s d i v i de d i n to sma l lbra n c h l e t s . Bra n c h l e t s smo o th , re d - b rown ; yo u n g b ra n c h l e t s p a l e g ree n ,

t i n ted v i o l e t w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom . B ud s o vo i d - o b l o n g , re s i no u s , 6m . l o n g ,

s h i ny b rown . S he a t h pe r s i s te n t , 6 mm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i n two s , ra re l y t h ree s ,

o r fo u rs s ome t i me s , d a r k b l ue - g ree n , s l e nde r , fl ex i b l e , 7- 11 cm . l o n g byl - l . 5 mm . w i de , pe r s i s t 2-5 ye a rs , s l i g h t l y twi s te d , f i ne l y se rru l a te , s toma tao n 2 fa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s med i a n , i n 2 a ng l e s , 1- 2 . Fema l e co ne i n g ro u p s ,

co n i c a l o r na rrow l y e gg - s ha pe d , s u b s e s s i l e , symme tr i ca l , s omewha t pe rs i s te n t ,

s ho r t- s ta l ked , 4 - 8 cm . l o ng by -3 cm . w i de , d u l l brown ; a po p hy s e s o va te ,

s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a f i ne de c u rved ce n tra l umbo ; co ne s o pe n i n g a tma tu r i ty . See d s w i t h a g ray - b l a c k n u t to 6 mm . l o n g by 3 mm. w i de , w i ng to 16mm . l o n g .

E . U n i te d S ta te s : S . E . New Yo r k to N.W. F l o r i d a to W. Tex a s , 1006- 3300 m. .

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142 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

P . FENZ ELIANA Ha nd .

-Mz t . Fenzel P i ne

A tree to 50 m . ta l l , to 2 m . i n g i r th . Ba r k b rown , f l a ky . B ra n c h l e t s smoo t h,

brow n , 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . Bu d s o vo i d , b rown , cm . l o n g ; s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r,

l a n ceo l a te , c i l i a te ; re s i no u s . S hea th de c i d uo u s . Ne ed l e s i n f i v e s , cm .

l o n g o r s l i g h t l y l o n ge r , by mm . w i de , f i n e , s l i g h t l y tw i s te d , f l e x i b l e,

da r k g ree n , w i th 4 - 5 wh i te l i ne s o f s toma ta o n t he i n ne r s u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca na l sma rg i na l , 3 . Ma l e s tro b i l i w i th 8- 12 b ra c ts . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u nc l e 2 cm .

l o n g , o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , b rown , o pe n i n g u po n ma t u r i ty , 6- 10 cm . l o n g by 3-6 cm .

w i de ; a po p hy s e s f l a t te ned , th i n , o va te , a pex s l i g h t l y i n c u rve d , a po p hy s e sprom i ne n t l y r i dg ed a n d nea r l y s q u a re - edg e d a t the a pex , w i t h a n i n c o n s p i c uo u sb l u n t a p i c a l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a n u t 8- 15 mm . l o n g by 5- 8 mm . w i de ; w i t h asma l l w i n g 2 - 4 mm . l o n g o r s omewh a t l o nge r , p ro ba b l y no t pe rs i s te n t o n t he n u t .

C h i n a : N. E . Kwa n g s i ; N.W. Kwa n g tu n g ; Kwe i c how ; Ha i n a n I s l a n d ; C . V i e tn am ,

1000- 1600 m. .

P . FL E X I L I S J ame s L i mbe r P i ne

A tree ,12 - 25 m. tall , 1- 1 50 m . i n g i r th , w i t h a b roa d , ro u nded c rown , w i th

rows o f s to u t b ra n c he s nea r l y to the ba s e . S ho r t - tr u n ke d a nd be com i n g aw i n d swe p t de fo rmed s h r u b a t timberl ine . Bark smoo t h , t he n d a r k b rown , fu rrowe di n to s c a l y r i d g e s o r p l a te s . B ra n c h l e ts f l e x i b l e , c ove re d by fo l i a ge , s l i g h t l yp u be s cent , s omewh a t g l a n d u l a r , ye l l ow i s h - g re en tu rn i n g da r k brown o r g ray .

B ud s bro a d l y o vo i d , re s i no u s , 9 mm. l o ng , s c a l e s free a t t he a pe x . S hea thde c i d uo u s . Need l e s i n f i ve s , pe rs i s t 5-6 yea rs , r i g i d , s tra i g h t o r s l i g h t l yc urve d , 3-9 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , l i g h t g ray - g ree n to b l u i s h , wh i te s toma tao n 3 fa ce s , ma rg i n s e n t i re o r s l i g h t l y s e rru l a te ; re s i n ca na l s ma rg i na l , 1-3 ;a pex l o ng - po i n ted . Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f 1-4 , o n a s ho rt pe d u n c l e , o vo i dto ne a r l y cy l i n d r i ca l , re s i no u s , o pe n i ng a t ma tu r i ty , g l o s sy ye l l ow i s h - b rownto brown , 6- 15 cm . l o n g by 5- 6 cm . w i de ; a po p hy se s t h i c k , s omewha t f l a tte ned ,

bro a d l y o v a te to ro u nde d , wi t h a n i nco n s p i c u o u s a p i c a l umbo t ha t i s no tre f l exe d . Seed da r k brown , n u t cm . l o n g by 8 nm. w i de , w i ng l e s s o r ne a r l yw i ng l e s s .

S . Ca na da ; W . U n i ted S ta te s , Ro c ky Mo u n ta i n s , 1524 -3658 m. .

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa e d i a C on i fe ra e 143

P.G E RA R D I ANA Wa l l . e x D . Do n Chi lgoza P i ne

A tree to 25 m . ta l l , w i th a de n s e , o pe n , ro u n de d c rown Tru n k m . i ng i r t h . Ba r k p i n k i s h - g ray , mu l t i co l o red , pa pe ry , s c a l y , l a te r be com i n g mo res i l ve ry - g ray a nd p l a te - l i k e . Bra n c h l e t s t h i c k , smo o th , o l i ve - g ree n . Bu d sco n i c a l , a c um i n a te , re s i no u s . S he a th u s u a l l y de c i d uo u s i n the s e co nd yea r .

Nee d l e s i n t h re e s , 6- 10 cm . l o n g , d u l l g ree n , pe rs i s t 3 yea r s , f i ne , s e rru l a te ,

s ome t i me s b l u i s h - g ree n , s toma ta i n 4 - 5 ra n k s o n 3 fa ce s , w i t h 3- 7 ma rg i n a l o rs u bma rg i na l re s i n ca na l s . Fema l e co ne s de c i d u o u s , o vo i d - cy l i ndr i c , 12 - 20 cm . l o n gby 9- 11 cm . w i de , re s i no u s ; a po p hy s e s th i c k , pro tu be ra n t , re fl exe d , w i t h a sma l la p i c a l umbo . Seed s o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c , o i l y , n u t 2 cm . l o n g by 8- 9 mm . l o n g ,

w i t h a s ho r t a r t i c u l a te w i n g . Se e d s h a v e a s ho r t v i a b i l i ty pe r i o d .

E . Afg ha n i s ta n ; N . We s t Pa k i s ta n ; N . I n d i a ; C h i n a : S .W. T i be t , l600- 3300 m. .

P . G LA BRA Wa l t . S p ru ce P i ne

A tree 24 - 27 m . ta l l , w i th a l o n g na rrow c rown a n d ho r i z o n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r kda r k g ray , smoo th , be c om i n g fu rrowe d i n to f l a t s ca l y r i dg e s . B ud s o vo i d , brown ,

s c a l e s w i t h pa l e f i mbr i a te ma rg i n s . S hea t h s ho r t . Nee d l e s u s u a l l y i n two s ,

s l i g h t l y f l a tte ned , s l i g h t l y tw i s ted , da r k g ree n , pe rs i s t 2 - 3 yea rs , 4 - 10 cm .

l o n g , s l e n de r , wi th n ume ro u s s toma ta o n 2 fa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s med i a n o r i n te r n a l,

i n sma l l 2 a n g l e s . Fema l e co ne co n i c a l o r na rrow l y o vo i d , re dd i s h - brown , ne a r l ys ta l k l e s s o pe n i n g a t ma t u r i ty ; a po p hy se s o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a sma l lS ha rp ce n tra l umbo . Seeds w i t h a tr i a ng u l a r n u t to 6 mm . l o ng by 2 mm . w i de , w i ngto 12 mm . l o n g .

E . Lo u i s i a n a to N . F l o r i d a to 5. So u th Ca ro l i n a , to 152 m. .

P . GREGGI I E n ge l m . e x Pa r l . Greg g P i n e

A b ro a d l y co n i c a l tree 10- 15 m . ta l l , w i t h somewha t a s ce nd i n g b ra nc he s . Ba r ksmoo th , g ray , becom i ng da r k re d - brown a nd f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e ts smoo th , wh i t i s hg ree n a n d g l a u co u s , be com i n g g ray . B u d s o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , cm . l o n g , b r i g h tc he s tn u t- b rown , a c u te , no n- re s i no u s , s c a l e s free a t the a pex . S he a t h cm .

l o n g , pe r s i s te n t . Nee d l e s i n t h ree s , br i g h t g ree n ,- 15 cm . l o n g , pe rs i s t

3- 4 yea r s , s e rr u l a te , w i t h fa i n t s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n ,

2-6. Fema l e c o n e na rrow l y o vo i d - c o n i c a l , s ta l k l e s s , pe rs i s te n t , s e ro t i no u s ,

6- 12 cm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s h to p i n k i s h - b rown ; a po phy se s o va te , f l a t te ne d o rs l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a n i n co n s p i c uo u s ce n tra l umbo . See ds w i th a b l a c k i s hbrown n u t 6 mm . l o ng , w i n g to 20 mm . l o n g .

E . Mex i co : S . E . Co a h u i l a ; W . Ne u vo Leo n ; S . E . San L u i s Po to s i to W . Ve raC ru z , 2000- 2700 m. .

P HA L E P E NS I S M i l l . A l e p po P i neP . ma r i t i ma L amb .

A tree to 20 m . ta l l , w i t h a b ro a d l y ro u nde d c rown , tru n k s omewha t tw i s te d .

Ba r k s i l very - g ray tu rn i ng red - brown , dee p l y f i s s u re d a nd p l a te - l i ke , i n ne rba r k o ra nge . Bra n c h l e ts f i ne , smo o th , ye l l ow i s h - g ray a n d g l a u co u s . Bu d s o vo i dcy l i ndr i c , no n- re s i no u s , 5- 10 mm . l o ng , ye l l ow i s h - brown to da r k brown , s c a l e sfr i n ge d a n d re c u rve d . S hea t h pe r s i s te n t , 8 mm . l o n g , gray - brown . Nee d l e s i ntwo s , c l o se l y a p p re s se d to the b ra nc h l e t a nd po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s , pe r s i s t 2yea r s , br i g h t o r g ray - g ree n , 6- 15 cm . l o ng by - l nnn wfi de, s e rr u l a te ,

144 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

s toma ta o n 2 fa c e s , f i ne , e re c t , s t i f f ; re s i n ca n a l s ma rg i na l . 3-8 . Fema l e c o neS i n g u l a r , o n a rec u rve d pe d u n c l e 1- 2 cm . l o n g , o vo i d - c o n i c a l , s omewha t seroti

no u s , ma tu r i n g in 3 yea rs , 5- 12 cm . l o n g by 4 cm . w i de , s h i ny ye l l ow i s h - b rown ;a po p hy s e s b roa d l y o va te , s omew ha t f l a t te ned , w i th a n i n co n s p i c uo u s ce n tra l umboSee d w i t h a n o vo i d , b l a c k i s h - brown n u t 6- 7 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 20 mm. l o n g .

Med i te rra n ea n Reg i o n , w i de s p rea d , 1500- 2700 m. .

P . HARTWEGI I L i n d l . Ha rtweg P i ne- P . r ud i s E nd l .

A n a rrow tree 15- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a l a rg e ro u nde d c rown . Ba rk re dd i s h - g ray ,

p l a te - l i k e . B ra n c h l e t s pa l e g re e n , b l oome d v i o l e t . Bu d s o vo i d , po i n te d , pa l ep i n k - brown , s omewha t re s i no u s , s c a l e s free a t the a pe x . S he a t h pe rs i s te n t , s ca l ya t t he ba s e . Ne e d l e s i n f i ve s , s ome t i me s i n t h ree s o r fo u rs , r i g i d , s e rr u l a te ,

6- 16 cm . l o n g , g ray - g re e n o r g l a u co u s , w i t h s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa c e s ; re s i nc a n a l s me d i a n , u s u a l l y 6. Fema l e co ne broa d l y o vo i d , s em i - pe rs i s te n t , s omewha tc u rve d , 5- 12 cm . l o n g , b l a c k i s h - b rown to nea r l y b l a c k ; a po p hy se s s l i g h t l yf l a tte ne d , o va te , w i t h a sma l l c e n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a sma l l b l a c k i s h n u ta nd a de c i d uo u s w i n g to 12 mm. l o n g .

Me x i co : c e n tra l a n d s o u the r n a re a s ; S . G ua tema l a ; N.W. E l S a l va do r ,

2438- 3800 m. .

P . HELDREI CHI I C h r i s t Heldrei ch P i n e

A pyram i d a l tree to 20 m . ta l l , wi t h a n i rre g u l a r , ro u nded c rown a nd w i t hw i de - s p rea d i ng bra n c he s . Ba r k da rk g ray , f i s s u re d i n to p l a te s . B ra n c h l e tst h i c k

,smoo th , g ray - g l a u c o u s . B ud s b roa d l y o vo i d , da r k brown , no n - re s i no u s ,

s ca l e s g ray - wh i te a t t h e a pe x . S he a th pe rs i s te n t , cm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i ntwo s , r i g i d , s omewh a t i n c u rve d , pe rs i s t 5-6 yea r s , s e r ru l a te , br i g h t g ree n ,

6-9 cm. l o n g by mm . w i de , s toma ta o n 2 s u rfa c e s ; re s i n c a n a l s med i a n , 2 .

Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f 1- 3 , o vo i d , de c i d uo u s , 7-8 cm . l o n g by cm .

w i de , ye l l ow i s h o r brown ; a po p hy se s o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a sma l lce n tra l umbo . Se ed s e l l i p t i c , n u t 6- 7 mm. l o n g , w i n g 20 inn. l o n g o r l o n ge r .

S .W. Bu l g a r i a : N. E . G reec e , Ba l k a n Mo u n ta i n s , to 2000 m. .

P . HELDREI CHI I va r . L E UC OD E RM I S (A n t . ) Markgr . ex F i t s c h . Bo s n i a n P i ne

A pyram i da l tree to 30 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h , w i th a s ce nd i n g b ra n c he s .

Ba r k smoo th , g re e n i s h - g ray , be com i n g g ray a n d p l a te - l i ke , i n ne r- ba r k ye l l ow i s h .

Bra n c h l e t s smo o t h , g l a u co u s t he n wh i t i s h - g ray . Bu d s b roa d l y o vo i d , no n - re s i no u s ,

- 2 cm . l o n g re l a t i v e l y w i de , wh i te po i n te d , s c a l e s brown i s h . Nee d l e si n two s , 6- 9 cm . l o n g by mm. w i de , i n tu f ts a t t i p s o f bra n c h l e ts , b r i g h tto da r k g ree n , s e rr u l a te , w i t h s toma ta o n 2 s u rfa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s med i a n ,

4 -6. Fema l e co ne i n g ro u p s o f 1- 4 , ovo i d , de c i d uo u s , 7-8 cm . l o n g by cm .

w i de , ye l l ow i s h o r d u l l o ra ng e - b rown ; a po p hy se s o va te , w i t h a sma l l re c u rve dce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a n u t 5 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 20 mm . l o n g o r mo re

W . Y u go s l a v i a ; A l ba n i a ; N.W. G ree ce .

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146 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . KO RA I E N S I S S i eb . et Z u c c . Ko rean P i ne

A pyram i da l tree 20 - 50 m . ta l l , to 3 m . i n g i r th . Ba rk re dd i s h - g ray o r b rowng ray

,smoo th , d i v i d e d i n to f i ne p l a te s . B ra n c h l e ts p u be s ce n t , ye l l ow i s h - b rown

to pa l e o ra nge - b rown . B ud s s ho r t l y po i n te d , o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ,

da r k c he s tn u t - b rown , l cm . l o n g . S he a t h q u i c k l y dec i d uo u s . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s ,

6- 12 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , pe rs i s t 2 yea rs o r mo re , da rk s h i ny g re e n , b l u i s hwh i te o r ye l l ow i s h o n th e i n te rn a l fa c e s , w i th wh i te s toma ta o n the two ve n tra lfa c e s ; re s i n ca n a l s i n a ng l e s , 2 - 3 . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , o vo i dco n i c a l , ye l l ow i s h - b rown , 9- 14 cm . l o ng by 6-8 cm . w i de , s ca l e s s omewh a tre f l e xe d , o pe n i n g u po n ma t u r i ty ; a po p hy s e s th i n , f l a t te ne d , na rrow l y o va te , w i t ha m i n u te a p i c a l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a n u t cm . l o n g by 9- 11 mm . w i d e , g raybrown , w i n g l e s s .

E . Ko re a ; N. E . C h i n a ; E . U . S . S . R C . J a p a n , 150 - 1800 m. .

P . KREMPF I I Le com p te Krempf P i ne- Ducampopinus krempf i i ( Le c omp te ) A . C he va l .

A tre e 15- 30 m . ta l l . Ba r k red - b rown , smoo th . B u d s w i th s ho r t s ca l e s . S hea t hm i n u te , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s . Nee d l e s i n two s , f l a t te ned , s ha rp l y a c u te , 4 - 7 cm .

l o n g by 3 mm . w i d e o r w i de r , t h i c k , l ea t he ry , d a r k g ree n , g l o s sy ; re s i n ca na l sma rg i n a l , 6- 12 . Po l l e n g ra i n s 48 m i c ro n s i n d i ame te r . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , re db rown , o pe n i n g a t ma t u r i ty , 7- 9 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy s e s o v a te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n ,

w i t h a sma l l s ha r p po i n ted ce n tra l umbo . Seed w i t h a sma l l n u t a n d a w i n gto nnn l o n g o r l o n g e r .

S . V i e tna m , be twee n Da l a t a n d N ha tra n g , 1300- 2000 m. .

P . LAMB E RT I ANA Do u g l . S u ga r P i ne

A co n i c a l tree 30- 49 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a l o n g c l ea r bo l e .

C rown o pe n wi t h nea r l y ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s , becom i n g f l a t - to p pe d . Ba r k b rowno r g ray , fu r rowe d i n to s ca l e - l i k e r i dge s . B ra n c h l e t s smoo th to s ho r t l yp u be s ce n t , g ray to re dd i s h , t h i c k , s l i g h t l y g l a n d u l a r . B u d s o b l o ng - o vo i d ,

re s i n o u s , re d - b rown , 3-8 mm . l o n g . S hea t h de c i d uo u s , cm . l o n g a t f i rs t .

Need l e s i n f i ve s , pe rs i s t 2 - 3 ye a r s , tw i s ted , 7- 14 cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de ,

da r k b l ue - g ree n o n 3 fa ce s , w i th wh i te s toma ta o n a l l s u rfa ce s , ma rg i n sf i ne l y s e rr u l a te ex ce p t nea r the a pe x ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 2 . Fema l e co neo n a l o n g pe d u n c l e , a t e nd s o f u p pe r bra n c h l e ts , na rrow l y cy l i n d r i ca l , s h i nyl i g h t b rown , de c i d uo u s i n t he 3rd yea r , 25-50 cm . l o ng by 8- 11 cm . w i de ;a po p hy se s t h i c k , o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , re l a t i ve l y f l a t , ba s a l a po p hy s e sre f l e xed , a po p hy s e s w i t h a sma l l b l u n t a p i c a l umbo . Seed wi t h a d a r k b rownn u t cm . l o ng by nea r l y 1 cm . w i de , w i ng s 2- 3 cm . l o n g by cm .

w i de .

W . O re go n to N . Ba j a C a l i fo rn i a , Mex i c o , 335- 3200 m. .

S i l b a,

E n cyc l o pa ed i a Co n i fe ra e 147

P . LAWSONI I Roez l . e x Go rd . L aws o n P i ne

A tre e 20- 25 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i t h a n i rre g u l a r c rown . Ba r k redbrown

,f i s s u re d

,f i n e l y s c a l y . B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h , w i t h a g l a u co u s b l oom .

B ud s cy l i nd r i c a l,no n - re s i no u s . S he a t h pe rs i s te n t . Nee d l e s i n t h ree s , s ome t i me s

4 -5 pe r b u n d l e , 14 - 24 cm . l o n g , b l u i s h - g ree n , no n - r i g i d , s e rru l a te , s l e n de r ;re s i n c a n a l s i n te rn a l o r me d i a n , 1- 3 . Fema l e co ne o b l i q ue , o n a f i ne pe d u n c l e ,

de h i s c e n t , o vo i d , 5- 7 cm . l o n g , brown ; a po p hy s e s o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n o rne a r l y f l a t te ne d , w i t h a n i n c o n s p i c uo u s f l a t c e n tra l umbo . See d s sma l l , n u td a r k b rown , w i th a l o n g er d a r k b rown w i n g .

S . Me x i co : W. J a l i s c o to E . Oa x a c a .

P . L E I O P H Y L LA Schiede et De p pe Smoo th - l e a f P i ne

A broa d l y co n i c a l tree 15- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a n o pe n i r reg u l a r c rown a n du p tu r ne d b ra n c he s Ba r k da r k b rown o r b l a c k i s h , dee p l y fu r rowe d i n to s c a l yr i dg e s . Bra n c he s a s ce nd i n g , s omewha t pe n de n t l a te r . B ra n c h l e ts ye l l ow i s h , l e a fy .

B ud s o vo i d , sma l l , no n - re s i no u s . S hea th q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , 1 cm . l o n g . Nee d l e si n f i ve s , s ome t i me s 3- 4 pe r b u nd l e , pe rs i s t fo r 2 ye a rs , f i ne l y se rr u l a te ,

8- 15 cm . l o n g , b l ue - g ree n to g ray - g ree n , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s , a pex s ho r t l ypo i n ted , s to u t , s t i ff ; re s i n ca na l s me d i a n , 2 - 3 . Fema l e c o ne s i n g ro u p s o f1-7, o n a pe d u n c l e 5- 15 mm . l o n g , s e ro t i no u s , na rrow l y o vo i d , fa i r l y pe r s i s te n t ,

r i p e n i n g i n t hree yea r s , 4 -6 cm . l o n g , s h i ny l i g h t brown to da r k b rowno pe n i n g a t ma t u r i ty , b u t rema i n i n g a t ta c he d ; a po p hy s e s n a rrow l y ovate , f1attened

to s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a f i ne ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a sma l l n u t mm .

l o n g , g ray ; w i n g to 16 mm . l o n g , w i t h l o n g da r k l i ne s .

Me x i co : E . So no ra to W. Oa x a ca , 1524 - 3000 m. .

P . L E I O P H Y L LA v a r . CHIHUAHUANA ( E ng e l m . ) S haw C h i h u a h u a P i ne

A tree 15- 25 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i th a ro u nded c rown . Ba r k g rayre d be com i n g b l a c k i s h , f i s s u re d i n to p l a te s . B u d s o vo i d , s ma l l , no n - re s i no u s .

S he a th de c i d uo u s . Need l e s i n t h re e s , ra re l y 2-5 pe r bu n d l e , i n tu ft s , t h i c k ,

r i g i d , s e rr u l a te , 6- 14 cm . l o n g , pa l e g ree n , s toma ta o n 3 fa ce s ; re s i n c a na l sme d i a n o r i n te rna l , 3-7. Fema l e c o ne o n a ped u n c l e 8-12 mm . l o n g , fa i r l ype rs i s te n t , ma t ur i n g i n t h ree ye a r s , bro a d l y o vo i d , 4 -6 cm . l o ng , s omewha ts h i ny ; a po p hy se s b roa d l y o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a m i n u te ce n tra l S p i ne .

See d s w i t h a sma l l , g ray n u t , w i ng w i t h da r k l i ne s .

S . E . Ar i zo n a to S . Za ca te ca s , Me x i co , 2134 - 2438 m. .

P . LUCHUENSI S May r . L u c h u P i ne

A s l e nde r tre e 15- 20 m . ta l l , 50-60 cm . i n g i r th , w i t h a c roo ke d tru n k .

Ba r k smo o t h , g ray , be com i ng f i ne l y f i s s u re d a nd p l a te - l i ke . Bra n c h l e t s ye l l owi sh- brown , s omewh a t g l a u co u s . B ud s o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , 12 mm . l o n g , s l i g h t l y o rno n - re s i no u s ; s ca l e s tr i a n g u l a r , fr i nge d wh i te , c he s tn u t- b rown . S hea th c he s tn u t- brown to g ray , p u be s ce n t ,

-3 cm . l o n g , pe rs i s te n t . Nee d l e s i n two s ,

ra re l y t h ree s , 12- 17 cm . l o ng by 1 mm. w i de , s t i ff , r i g i d , se rru l a te , s toma tao n 2 fa ce s i n 6-9 ra n k s ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n , 2-7, 2 a ng l ed . Ma l e s tro b i l ib l u i s h . Fema l e co ne o va te - co n i c , symme tr i c a l , brown , 3-6 cm . l o ng ; a po p hy se so va te , S l i g h t l y swo l l e n w i t h a sma l l ce n tra l um bo . See d s w i t h a n u t 5 mm . l o n g ,

w i ng s 7-8 mm . l o n g .

5. J a pa n : Ry u ky u I s l a n d s ; Ta i wa n : Na n to P ro v i n ce , Hori sha, to 200 m . o r mo re .

148 PHYTOLOGIAMEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P LUCHUENS I S v a r . TA I WA N E N S I S ( Hay . ) S i l ba Fo rmo sa n Re d P i neP

. hwangshanens i s H s i a e x Tsoong .

A tree to 35 m . ta l l , w i th s p re a d i n g , s omewha t e re c t b ra n c he s . Ba r k g ray t op u rp l i s h , w i th dee p f i s s u re s a n d s c a l y p l a te s . B ra n c h l e t s s ca l y , b l a c k i s h totawny - red , smoo th . Bu d s c o n i c a l , 7 mm . l o n g , no n - re s i no u s , c he s tn u t - b row n ,

s ca l e s w i th free t i p s . S he a t h 5-8 mm . l o n g , c he s tn u t- b rown th e n g ray i s h . Nee d l e si n two s , t h i n , s omewh a t tw i s ted , 5 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , s ha rp - po i n ted

,

c l o s e to g e th e r ne a r the e nd s o f t he bra n c h l e ts ; re s i n c a n a l s med i a n , 2- 5.

Fema l e c o ne o vo i d to o b l o n g - c o n i c , s omewh a t g ree n i s h , 5- 7 cm . l o n g by - 4 cm .

w i de ; a po p hy s e s s omewha t f l a t te n e d , mo re ro u nd ed , ke e l e d . See d s w i th a n o vo i dn u t mmm . l o n g ; w i n g to 12 mm . l o ng , redd i s h .

S . E . C h i n a a n d E . Ta i wa n , 700- 3000 m. .

P . LUMHOLTZ I I Ro b i n s et Fe r n . Lumholtz P i ne

A tree 15- 20 m . ta l l , 25- 40 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a ro u nded c rown . Ba rk re dd i s hbrown , s c a l y , be com i ng da r k g ray - brown a n d th i c k w i th a ge . B ra n c he s l o n g a ndpe n de n t . Bra n c h l e t s f l e x i b l e , c he s tn u t- b rown . B ud s o b l o n g , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s

,

c he s tn u t - b rown , s c a l e s n a rrow a nd sma l l . S he a t h l o n g , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s . Nee d l e si n t h re e s , s ome t i me s 2 - 4 pe r b u nd l e , pe n de n t , f i n e l y s e rru l a te , 18- 30 cm . l o n g ,

s toma ta o n 3 fa ce s ; re s i n ca n a l s med i a n a nd i n te rn a l , 4 -9. Fema l e c o ne s o l i ta ry ,

n a rrow l y o vo i d , symme tr i ca l , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , o n a ped u n c l e 1 cm . l o n g ,

co ne d u l l pa l e brown , 4 -6 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy se s o v a te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h af i n e sma l l ce n tra l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a sma l l da rk b rown n u t a n d w i th a n a r t i c u l a tew i n g .

W . Me x i c o : S . E . So no ra to W . J a l i s co , 1830 - 2438 m. .

P MA S SON I ANA Lamb . Ma s s o n P i neP . ma s s o n i a n a va r . hainanens i s C he n g et Fu

A tree 25- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h i rreg u l a r s pre a d i n g b ra n c he s , e ve n tu a l l y be com i n gf l a t - to p ped . Ba r k da r k g ray , f i s s u re d ; re dd i s h a nd p l a te - l i ke o n l a rg e l i mb s .

B ra n c h l e ts smo o t h , na rrow , o ra n g e -ye l l ow to ye l l ow i s h - brown . Bu d s broa d l y a n df i ne l y po i n te d , cy l i n d r i ca l , 12 mm . l o n g , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ; s ca l e s l oo s e ,

fr i nge d a n d re f l e x e d a t the a pex . S h ea th pe rs i s te n t , 7-8 mm . l o n g , c he s tn u tbrown , fr i n ge d g ray . Nee d l e s i n two s , ve ry s l e nde r , 14 - 20 cm . l o ng by - 1 mm .

w i de , br i g h t g ree n , f i ne l y s e rru l a te , s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa c e s , s ho r t l ya p i c u l a te , o f te n tw i s ted ; re s i n ca na l s ma rg i n a l , 5-9. Fema l e co ne s i n g rou p sof 1- 3 , o n a S ho r t pe d u n c l e , de h i s c e n t , dec i d uo u s o r pe rs i s t i ng u p to 3 yea r s ,

symme t r i c a l , na rrow l y o vo i d , 4 -8 cm . l o n g by 3 cm . w i de , ye l l ow - b rown toc ho co l a te - brown ; a po p hy se s o va te , ro u nded , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a minute f i nec e n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a b rown n u t 5 mm. l o ng by nnu w i de , w i n g to12 mm. l o n g .

C . C h i na ; N . Ta i wa n ; N. E . V i e tn am , 300- 1500 m

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150 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . M I C HOACANA va r . QUEVEDOI Ma r t . Que vedo P i n e

A tree 15- 30 m . ta l l , 50- 75 cm . i n g i r th , w i t h s p rea d i n g b ra n c he s a n d a ni r re g u l a r h a b i t , py ram i da l be com i n g s omewha t ro u n d - to p pe d . Ba rk re d - b row n

,

f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s d a rk b rown . B u d s co n i c a l , re s i n o u s . S h ea th pe rs i s te n t,

cm . l o n g o n yo u n g p l a n t s . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , s ome t i me s 6 pe r b un d l e, 28- 38 cm .

l o n g , da rk g ree n , s e r r u l a te , s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca n a l s me d i a n, 3-6.

Fema l e c o ne o vo i d , a t te n u a te a t the b a s e , 7- 10 cm . l o n g , br i g h t ye l l ow i s h - brow n,

s h i ny , o n a pe d u n c l e 8 mm . l o n g t ha t i s c u rve d ; a po p hy s e s n a r row l y o va te,

s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i th a sma l l ce n t ra l umbo . See d s w i t h a n u t 5- 7 mm. l o n g by4 -5 mm . w i de , w i n g s to 20 mm . l o n g by 8 mm . w i de .

Me x i c o : S .W. Sa n L u i s Po to s i , 2134 - 2286m. .

P MONO P H Y L LA To rr . et Frem. S i n g l e - l e a f P i nyo n P i neP . ed u l i s va r . fa l l a x L i t t l e

A s h r u b o r sma l l t ree 5- 9 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i th a s prea d i n g,

ro u nded c rown a nd w i th l ow , ho r i zo n ta l bra n c he s . Ba r k da r k b rown o r gray , smooth,

l a te r fu r rowe d i n to s c a l y p l a te s . B ra n c h l e ts ro b u s t , o ra n ge be com i n g da r k b rown .

B ud s pa l e c h e s tn u t - brown , s c a l e s o vo i d - o b t u s e . S hea th l - l . 2 cm . l o n g,fo rm i n g

a ba s a l ro se tte , de c i d uo u s a f te r th e f i r s t yea r . Need l e s S i n g u l a r o r ra re l yi n two s , r i g i d , th i c k , s ha rp po i n ted , 2 cm . l o n g , s t ra i g h t o r s l i g h t l yc u rv ed , d u l l g ray - g re e n to b l u i s h - g ree n , re s i no u s , wi t h n ume ro u s s toma ta

,

ma rg i n s e n t i re , pe rs i s t 4 - 6 ye a r s ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 0- 9. Fema l e co nede c i d uo u s , b roa d l y o vo i d , 3-6 cm . l o n g by 3- 6 cm . w i d e , s h i ny c he s t n u t - brow n ;a po p hy s e s b ro a d l y o vo i d , th i c k , s omewh a t p ro t u be ra n t , w i t h a sma l l c e n tra lumbo . See d s o b l o n g , ro u n de d a t t he ba s e ,

- 2 cm . l o ng by 4 -10 mm . w i de , w i n g l e s s .

S . I da ho to N . Ba j a C a l i fo rn i a , Mex i co , 1067- 2134 m. .

P . MO NO PH Y L LA v a r . E DU L I S ( E n ge l m . ) M . E . Jo ne s Co l o ra do P i nyo n P i ne

A sma l l , b u s hy tree 4 6 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h o r mo re , w i th aro u nded , S p rea d i n g c rown . Tr u n k s ho r t a n d compa c t . Ba r k g ray to red d i s h - b rown ,

fur rowed i n to s c a l y r i d ge s . B ra n c h l e ts ro bu s t , o ra n g e tu rn i n g b l u i s h , b l oome dre d . Bu d s o vo i d , a c u te , 8- 12 mm . l o n g , c h e s t n u t - b rown . S h ea th 8- 12 mm . l o n g ,

fo rm i ng a ba s a l ro s e tte . Need l e s i n two s , r i g i d , pe r s i s t 4 yea rs o r more , 2

l o n g , s to u t , l i g h t to d a r k g re e n , ma rg i n s e n t i re , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s ; re s i nc a n a l s ma rg i na l , 1- 10 . Fema l e co ne de c i d uo u s , broa d l y o vo i d , re s i no u s , ye l l owi sh- b rown , 4 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; a po p hys e s o va te , swo l l e n , s omewha tp ro t u be ra n t , w i t h a sma l l i nc u rve d ce n tra l umbo ; co ne s o pe n i n g a nd s hed d i n gu po n ma tu r i ty . Se ed s re d - brown , o vo i d , l cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , t h i c ks he l l ed , o i l y , w i ng l e s s .

S . Wyom i n g to S .W. Texa s , Ro c ky Mts 1524 - 2134 m. .

P MONTE Z UMA E L am b . Mo n te z uma P i n eP . mo n te z uma e va r . l i nd l e y i Lo ud .

A s l e nde r tree 21- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a s c e nd i n g b ra n c he s , be com i ng ro u n d - to p pedw i t h a g e . Ba r k red - brown , f i s s u re d . Bra n c h l e t s smo o t h , t h i c k , re d - brown , r i g i d .

Bu d s o vo i d , cm . l o n g , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , dee p red - b rown , s c a l e s fr i ngedbrown . S he a t h 3- 5 cm . l o n g , pe r s i s te n t , o ra n ge - b rown . Need l e s i n f i ve s , s omet i me s 3- 8 pe r b u nd l e , ra t he r s pa r s e , s omewha t pe n de n t , pe r s i s t 3 ye a r s , b l u eg ree n to g ray - b l u e , 14 - 24 cm . l o n g , s e rru l a te , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s , th i c k

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe ra e 151

re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l o r med i a n , 3- 9. Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f 1- 3 , o n a s ho r tped u n c l e

,s em i - pe rs i s te n t , broa d l y o vo i d to na rrow l y cy l i n d r i ca l , pa l e ye l l ow i s h

brown o r redd i s h - b rown , 8- 15 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy s e s o v a te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t ha sma l l de c i d uo u s ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a d a r k brown , o vo i d n u t to 6 mm . l o n g ,

w i ng s to 25 mm . l o n g .

E . Mex i co ; Ne u vo Leo n to C . C h i a pa s ; S . G ua tema l a , 2438- 3048 m. .

P . MONT I CO LA Do u g l . ex D . Do n We s te rn Wh i te P i n e

A na rrow l y co n i c a l tree to 30 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i rt h o r mo re , w i t h a no pe n c rown o f ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c h e s . Tru n k re l a t i ve l y s tra i g h t . Ba r k g ray , smoo t h ,

l a ter fu rrowed i n to rec ta ng u l a r s c a l y p l a te s . Bra n c h l e ts w i t h wh i te p u be s cen ce,

s l i g h t l y g l a nd u l a r , ye l l ow i s h o r red - b rown . B ud s o vo i d , a c u te , re s i no u s , cm .

l o n g , g ray - brown , w i t h l o ng fre e s ca l e t i p s . S h ea t h de c i d uo u s , cm . l o ng .

Need l e s i n f i ve s , per s i s t 3- 4 yea rs , s l i g h t l y tw i s ted , f i ne l y s e rru l a te , s l i g h t l ys to u t , 4 - 10 cm . l o ng , b l u e - g ree n , w i t h w h i te s toma ta o n the i n ne r s u rfa c e s , a pe xo bt u s e ; re s i n ca n a l s ma rg i na l , 1- 3 . Fema l e co ne s i s o l a ted o r i n g ro u p s o f 2-5,

o n a s ho r t ped u n c l e cm . l o n g , n a rrow l y cy l i nd r i ca l , de h i s ce n t, 10- 25 cm . l o n g

by 5-6 cm . w i de , pa l e b rown to ye l l ow i s h - brown , re s i no u s ; a po p hy s e s f l a t te ned,

n a rrow l y o v a te , w i t h a sma l l b l u n t i nc u rve d a p i ca l umbo , ba s a l a po p hys e s re fl ex ed .

Seed s w i t h a tr i a n g u l a r n u t 5-6 mm . l o n g by 4 mm . w i de ; wi n g s to 25 mm . l o n g by7 mm . w i de .

S . Ca na d a : S . Br i t i s h Co l umb i a to C . Ca l i fo rn i a , U . S . A 1067- 2987 m. .

P . MORRI SONI COLA Haya ta Fo rmo s a n Wh i te P i ne

A tree 30- 34 m . ta l l . Ba r k g ray i s h - b rown , smoo t h a t f i r s t . B ra nc h e s d roo p i n ga t th e t i p s . B ra nc h l e t s smoo t h , g l a u co u s . B u d s o b l i q ue , o vo i d , s l i g h t l yre s i no u s ; s c a l e s t r i a n g u l a r , ma rg i n s c i l i a te . S hea t h de c i d uo u s , o b t u se , 7 m .

l o n g . Need l e s i n f i ve s , 4 -9 cm . l o n g by - 1 mm . w i de , r i g i d , w i t h 6-7 inconspi cuous ba nd s o f s toma ta o n t h e i n ne r fa ce s ; re s i n c a na l s ma rg i na l , 2- 4

Ma l e s tro b i l i w i t h 8- 12 bra c t s . Fema l e co ne o n a ped u n c l e 1 cm . l o n g , o vo i de l l i p t i c , pa l e b rown , o pen i ng u po n ma t u r i ty , 7-11 cm . l o ng by 5-7 cm . w i de ;a po p hy s e s b ro a d l y o va te , s omewh a t f l a tte ned a nd re f l ex ed a t the a pex , w i t ha t h i n b l u n t sma l l a p i ca l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a n u t 10 mm . l o ng by 5-6 mm . w i de ,

w i n g s to 20 mm . l o ng .

C . Ta i wa n : Mo u n t Mo rr i s o n , 300- 2300 m. .

P . MUGO Tu rra Sc ru b Mu go P i ne

A s h ru b to 2 m . ta l l , w i t h a s ce nd i n g b ra n c he s . Ba rk d u l l g ray , s ca l y . Bra nc hl e t s g ree n tu r n i n g da r k brown . B u d s o vo i d - cy l i nd r i c , re s i n o u s , 6» nnn l o n g , s c a l e sa p p re s s ed . S hea t h de c i d uo u s , cm . l o ng , g ray to da rk b rown . Nee d l e s i n two s ,

pe rs i s t 2-5 yea r s , s err u l a te , 3-8 cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , br i g h t da r k g ree n ,

a c u t i s h , s to u t , c rowded , c u rved fo rwa rd s , w i de l y s prea d i ng , w i t h fa i n t s toma ta ;re s i n ca n a l s u s u a l l y a b se n t , s ome t i me s ma rg i na l . Fema l e co ne nea r l y s e s s i l e ,

de h i s ce n t , symme tr i ca l , 2-5 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de , s h i ny da r k brown ; a po p hy s e so va te , s l i g h t l y s wo l l e n , w i t h a f i ne ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a n ovo i d , graybrown n u t 3-5 lllll . l o n g ; w i ng s b roa d a nd s ho r t , 9-12 mm . l o ng .

C . E u ro pe : E . S pa i n to U k ra i ne ,

152 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . MUGO va r . RO ST RATA (A n t . ) Go rd . G i a n t Mu go P i ne-

P . cec i l iae Lorens ,=P . u n c i na ta Ramond e x De Ca n do l l e

A co n i c a l tre e 25- 30 m . ta l l , w i th a n e rec t tru n k a n d a s i n g l e s tem , c row nro u nded a t th e to p . Ba r k g ray , ex fo l i a t i n g i n re d d i s h p l a te s . B ra nc h l e t s g ree nt u rn i n g brown . B ud s cy l i n d r i c a l , re s i no u s , da r k re d - brown , s ho r t po i n te d

,

6 mm . l o n g . S h ea t h de c i d uo u s , cm . l o n g , da r k b rown . Need l e s i n two s,pe r s i s t

2 -5 yea r s , r i g i d , no n - tw i s ted , s e r ru l a te , 3- 8 cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , da rkg ray - g ree n , w i t h fa i n t i n ne r s toma ta ; re s i n ca na l s ma rg i na l

, 2 -6. Fema l e c o n ei n g ro u p s o f 1- 4 , nea r l y s e s s i l e , n a rrowl y o vo i d - o b l o n g , a symme t r i ca l

, 5- 7 cm .

l o n g by 2 cm . w i d e , ye l l ow i s h o r d a r k b rown ; a po p hy s e s o va te,swo l l e n

, protuberant , p ro t u be ra n t a n d re f l e xe d o n o ne s i de o f the co ne nea r th e ba se

,w i t h a

s ho r t t h i c k a p i c a l o r c e n tra l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a b l a c k , o vo i d n u t 5 mm . l o n g ;w i n g s to 16 mm . l o n g , a pex o b t u s e .

C . S pa i n ; 5. F ra n ce ; Swi t ze r l a n d ; N . I ta l y , 600- 2100 m. .

P . MU R I CATA D . Do n B i s ho p P i ne

E_ m u r i c a ta v a r . bo rea l i s Ax e l ro d ,= P . m u r i c a ta va r . cedrosens i s J . T. Howe l l

,

P . mu r i c a ta va r . s tantoni i Axe l ro d ,=P . remorata Ma so n

A co n i c a l tree 12- 24 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i th a ro u n ded o ri rre g u l a r c rown a nd w i t h s to u t s p re a d i n g bra n c he s . Ba r k d a r k g ray , fu rrowed i n tos c a l y p l a te s , smoo th o n the bra n c he s . B ra n c h l e ts t h i c k , smoo th , g ree n tu rn i n gre d - brown . B u d s o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , da r k b rown , w i t h a bu n d a n t wh i te re s i n ,

cm . l o n g . S h e a th pe rs i s te n t , 12- 15 mm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i n two s , ra re l y i n t h ree s,

pe rs i s t 3- 4 yea r s , tw i s te d , b l u n t l y po i n ted , s t i ff , d u l l d a r k g ree n , s l i g h t l yf l a tte ne d , 10- 15 cm . l o n g by 2 mm. w i de , se rr u l a te , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s ; re s i nc a na l s me d i a n , 2 -6. Fema l e co ne s n ume ro u s , i n g ro u p s , s e s s i l e , co n i c a l o r o b l i q ue ,

s e ro t i no u s , rema i n i n g c l o s ed , re ta i ne d o n tree s u p to 20 ye a rs , o vo i d - co n i ca l ,

5-9 cm . l o n g by 4 - 7 cm . w i de , ye l l ow- b rown to S h i ny c he s tn u t - brown ; apo p hy se so va te , swo l l e n , u s u a l l y pro tu be ra n t n ea r the ba s e o n o ne s i de o f t he co ne , w i t ha s to u t s ho r t f i n e c e n t ra l umbo . See d s w i t h a b l a c k , tr i a n g u l a r n u t 6 mm . l o n gby 3 mm . w i de ; w i n g s brown . 15 mm . l o n g by 5 mm . w i de .

W . Ca l i fo r n i a : N.W. H umbo l d t Co u n ty to Sa n ta C ru z I s l a nd , Sa n taBa rba ra Co u n ty , a n d o n Ce d ro s I s l a n d , Ba j a Ca l i fo rn i a , Me x i c o , to 300 m. .

P . N E LSO N I I S h aw Ne l s o n P i nyo n P i ne

A b u s hy tree 5- 12 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h s e ve ra l s tra i g h t s tems a n da n i rre g u l a r c rown . Ba r k smoo t h , g ray , l a te r re d - b rown a nd s ca l y . B ra n c he s l o n g ,

g l a u co u s , c ha l ky - wh i te , s omewh a t f l e x i b l e . Bu d s s u b cy l i n dr i c w i t h l o n g , ta pe r i n g ,

f i ne s c a l e s , 1 cm . l o n g , pa l e p i n k - brown , t i p s free a n d re c u rved . S he a t hpe r s i s te n t , b rown , 7 mm . l o ng . Ne ed l e s i n t hree s , 6-9 cm . l o n g , l i g h t g ree no u te r - s urfa ce , g ray - b l ue i n ne r - s u rfa ce ; s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s , i n 1-2 ra n k s o nthe i n ne r - fa c e s ; re s i n ca na l s ma rg i n a l , 0- 2 . Fema l e co ne o n a l o n g pe du n c l e ,

symme tr i c a l , rema i n s 3 yea r s o n t he bra n c h e s , ne a r l y g l o bo s e , 6- 12 cm . l o n g ,

o ra nge - re d ; a po p hy s e s b roa d l y o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a sma l l c e n tra lS p i ne . See d s o b l o n g , 1 cm . l o ng , brown , t i n te d ye l l ow , w i n g l e s s

E . Mex i c o : S . Co a h u i l a to N . Sa n L u i s Po to s i , to 2134 m. .

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154 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

a n d tw i s t i n g , 11- 18 cm . l o n g , pe rs i s t 2- 5 yea r s , s e rru l a te ; re s i n ca n a l s me d i a n ,

2- 12 . Fema l e co ne de c i d uo u s i n the th i rd yea r , o vo i d - c o n i c a l , s l i g h t l y c u rve d,

6- 7 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s o va te , pa l e gray - b rown , w i t h a sma l lre d - brown ce n te r a n d w i t h a ve ry s ho r t s p i ny c e n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a g ray ,

broa d l y o vo i d n u t 5- 7 mm . l o n g by nnr mode ; w i n g s to 20 mm . l o n g by 6- 8 nnn

wi de .

S . Fra n c e , Co r s i c a ; W . I ta l y to E . S i c i l y .

P OAXACANA (Ma r t . ) M i ro v Oa x a c a P i neP . pseudostrobus va r . oaxacana Ma rt .

A tree 20- 40 m . ta l l , w i t h a s l e n de r c rown o f who r l e d bra n c he s . Ba r k da r kg ray - brown , fu r rowe d . B ra nc h l e t s th i n , g l a u co u s . B ud s sma l l , o vo i d

,s l i g h t l y

re s i no u s . S he a th pe r s i s te n t , cm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , cm .

l o ng , f i ne , f l ex i b l e , pe nde n t , s e r ru l a te , s toma ta o n mo s t s u rfa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l smed i a n , 2- 4 . Fema l e c o ne 1- 3 i n a g ro u p , o n a th i c k ped u n c l e , o b l o ng - c o n i c a l ,

10- 16 cm . l o ng by 6 cm . w i de , g ray - brown ; a po p hy s e s t r i a n g u l a r - o v a te , swo l l e n ,

pro tu bera n t , e s pec i a l l y p ro t u be ra n t ne a r th e ba s e , w i t h a s ho rt th i c k c e n tra lumbo ; co ne s de c i d uo u s , l ea v i n g a few ba s a l s c a l e s o n the bra n c h l e t a fte rfa l l i ng . See d w i t h a sma l l d a r k brown n u t a nd w i t h a l o n g b l a c k i s h w i n g .

Me x i co : Ve ra Cru z ; Pu eb l a ; G ue r re ro ; Mex i co , D . F . ; C h i a pa s .

P OC C I DE NTAL I S Sw. We s t I nd i e s P i neP . maes trens i s B i s s e

A tree to 10 m . ta l l . Bra n c h l e ts s c a l y , g l a u co u s the n o ra ng e - brown , s l i g h t l yp u be s ce n t . B u d s o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , re s i no u s , S l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t , 11 mm . l o n g ,

da r k brown , s ca l e s tr i a n g u l a r . S hea th 5- 13 nnn l o n g , g ray - brown , s l i g h t l yp u be s ce n t , pe r s i s te n t . Nee d l e s i n two s , ra re l y th ree s , d a r k g ray - g ree n ,

- 22 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , s l i g h t l y tw i s ted , t h i n ; re s i n ca n a l si n ter na l . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , to 6 cm . l o n g , g ray - b rown ; a po p hy s e s o v a te ,

wa rty , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n o r s l i g h t l y p ro tu be ra n t , w i t h a sma l l d e c u rved ce n tra lumbo to mm . l o n g . Se e d s w i t h a sma l l n u t a n d l o n g w i n g s .

5. C u ba ; Ha i t i , 900—3000 m. .

P . OCC I DE NTAL I S va r . BAORUCOENSI S S i l ba H i s pa n i o l a P i ne

A tree to 10 m . ta l l , to cm . i n g i r th . Bra n c h l e ts g l a u co u s a t f i rs tt he n g ray - brown , s c a l y . Bu ds da r k brown , o vo i d , 9 mm . l o ng , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ;s c a l e s o v a te , fr i ng e d b rown . S he a t h 10- 11 mm . l o n g , pe rs i s te n t , g ray - b rown toc he s t n u t - brown . Need l e s i n f i ve s , ra re l y 4 pe r bu nd l e , 13 cm . l o n g by

mm . w i d e , g ray i s h - g ree n , s tra i g h t , a pe x s p i ne - t i p pe d . Fema l e co ne o vo i dcy l i nd r i c ,

-7 cm . l o ng , o ra nge - brown to l i g h t g ray ; a po p hy s e s o va te ,

swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y pro tu be ra n t , o fte n w i t h a f i ne p rom i ne n t u p c urved s p i ne .

Seed s w i t h a na rrow n u t a nd a l o n g w i n g .

Ha i t i : Fo nd s Varettes ; Dom i n i c a n Re p u b l i c : S i e rra de Bao r u co a nd LaD i fe re nc i a , 625- 1310 m. .

P . OC C I DE NTAL I S v a r . CUBENSI S ( Sa rg . ) S i l ba C u ba n P i ne

A mo de ra te l y s i zed tree . Ba r k mo t t l e d , ye l l ow- g ray - brown - p u r p l e , t h i n l yfl a ky . Bra nc h l e ts g l a u c o u s the n g ray - brown , s c a l y , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t a tf i rs t . B ud s o b l o n g - cy l i nd r i c , da r k brown , to 14 mm . l o ng , re s i no u s , s ca l e sno t free . S he a th to 6 mm. l o n g , pe rs i s te n t , g ray - brown . Need l e s i n two s ,

S i l b a,

E n cyc l o p a ed i a Co n i fe rae 155

d u l l g ree n,th i c k , s t i f f , s tra i g h t , 10

- 14 cm . l o n g , w i th s toma ta l b l oom o n mo s ts u rfa ce s . Fema l e co ne o vo i d - c o n i c a l , cm . l o n g , re dd i s h - b rown ; a po p hy s e so v a te a n d s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne d , i n de n te d i n the ce n te r , w i t h a f i ne u p r i g h tc e n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a na rrow n u t a n d w i t h l o n g w i n g s .

E . C u ba : O r i e n te Pro v i n c e .

P . OOCARPA S c he i d . e x S c h l e c h t . Oocarpa P i ne- P . oocarpa va r . manzanoi Ma r t . ,

=P . oocarpa v a r . m i c ro p h y l l a S h aw

A tre e 12 - 18 m . ta l l , w i t h a de n se , ro u nde d c rown . Ba r k d a r k g ray , f i s s u re d .

B ra n c he s ho r i zo n ta l , s omewh a t pe nde n t . B ra n c h l e t s brown , S l i g h t l y g l a u co u s . B ud so vo i d - c o n i c a l , re s i no u s , s h i ny . S hea t h pe r s i s te n t . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s

,s ome t i me s

3- 4 pe r b u n d l e , 15- 30 cm . l o n g , s e a - g ree n , s e r ru l a te , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s ;re s i n c a na l s i n te r na l o r s e p ta l , 1-8 . Fema l e co ne o n a l o n g c u rve d ped u n c l e ,

b roa d l y o vo i d , ve ry pe r s i s te n t , s omewh a t s e ro t i no u s , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n tu rn i n gl i g h t g ray , 5- 10 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy se s b ro a d l y o v a te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h asma l l t h i c k c e n tra l umbo . Se e d s d a rk b rown , w i t h a w i n g t h a t i s th i c ke ne d a tthe ba s e .

Me x i co ; C . G u a tema l a ; Ho nd u ra s ; N . E l S a l v a do r ; N . N i c a ra g u a, 1524 - 2500 m. .

P . PALU STR I S M i l l . Lo n g l e a f P i ne

22 . au s tral i s M i c h a u x

A tree 24 - 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , wi t h a n o pe n , i rre g u l a r c rowna nd w i t h s pa r s e , S p re a d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k o ra n ge - brown , fu rrowe d i n to s ca l yp l a te s . B ra n c h l e ts o ra ng e - brown to da r k brown , s mo o th , tu r pe n t i ne s ce n te d .

B ud s l a rg e , wh i te , no n - re s i n o u s ,- 6 cm . l o n g ; s c a l e s fr i ng ed , re c u rve d a nd

s i l ve ry wh i te o n the ma rg i n s . S he a t h pe r s i s te n t , 2 cm . l o ng . Nee d l e s i nth ree s , pe r s i s t 2 ye a r s , f l e x i b l e , s e r ru l a te , 20- 25 cm . l o n g , b r i g h t g ree n ,

de n s e l y c rowde d , s p re a d i n g to d ro o p i n g , s toma ta o n 3 fa ce s ; re s i n c a na l si n te r na l , 2 - 3 . Fema l e co ne de c i d uo u s , o pe n i n g a t ma t u r i ty , s u bs e s s i l e , na rrowl yo vo i d o r cy l i nd r i c a l , d u l l b rown , 15- 25 cm . l o n g ; a po p hy s e s o va te , s l i g h t l yswo l l e n , w i t h a p rom i ne n t th i c k re f l e x e d ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a n o vo i dn u t 1 cm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h - b rown ; w i ng s to 38 mm . l o ng by 10 mm .

w i de . See d l i n g s g o th ro u g h a d i s t i nc t g ra s s - l i ke s ta g e ; j uve n i l e l ea ve s to45 cm . l o n g .

S . E . Te x a s to C . F l o r i da to S . E . V i rg i n i a , 183-650 m. .

P PATU LA Schiede et De p pe Me x i c a n Wee p i ng P i neP . oocarpa va r . ochotereneri tecumumani i Schwerdtf .

A tree 20- 35 m . ta l l , w i th a d i v i de d tr u n k , bra nc h i n g from t he ba se ,

a nd w i t h a w i de l y o vo i d c rown . Ba r k w i t h pe rs i s te n t , ro l l i ng s c a l e s , o ra ng ere d . Bra n c h l e ts s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t , b l ue - g ree n tu r n i ng re d - brown . Bu d scy l i nd r i ca l , cm . l o n g , pa l e brown , no n - re s i no u s ; s ca l e s free , no nre fl e xe d . S he a th per s i s te n t , to 25 mm. l o ng . Nee d l e s i n th ree s , ra re l y 4 -5per b u nd l e , pe n de n t , f l e x i b l e , s l e nde r , f i ne , pe rs i s t 3- 4 yea rs , l y i ngfo rwa rd s , s erru l a te , 15- 30 cm . l o n g by 1 mm. wi de , g ree n b l o omed g l a u co u s tog ray , w i t h fa i n t s toma ta i n 3-6 ra n k s o n mo s t s u rfa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n ,

3- 4 . Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f 2 -6, s ta l k l e s s , per s i s te n t , c u rved , o vo i dco n i c a l , 6-11 cm . l o ng , s h i ny da r k brown ; a po p hys e s o v a te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n ,

w i t h a sma l l ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a b l a c k i s h n u t 5 mm . l o ng , w i t h abrown w i ng 12 - 18 m . l o n g .

E . Me x i co : S . Tama u l i pa s to C . Oa x a c a ; N . G ua tema l a , 1830- 3048 m. .

156 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

P.PATULA v a r . JALI SCANA ( Pe re z de l a Ro s a ) S i l ba J a l i s co P i n e

A tre e 12 - 25 m . ta l l , to 80 cm . i n g i r t h , w i th a c ompa c t , i rre g u l a r c rown .

Ba r k g ray - re d , p l a te - l i ke . B ra nc h l e t s s c a l y , re d - brown o r re d -ye l l ow . S hea t hpe r s i s te n t , 8- 12 mm . l o n g . Nee d l e s 3- 5 pe r b u nd l e , 12 - 16 cm . l o n g by6-8 mm . w i d e , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , hy po de rm co n t i n uo u s ; re s i n c a n a l s 2 - 3 , s e p ta lo r 1- 2 i n te r na l ; nee d l e s u s u a l l y i n f i ve s . Ma l e s tro b i l i cm . l o n gby 4 -5 mm. w i de . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d unc l e 8- 14 mm . l o n g , s e ro t i no u s , o vo i d ,

po i n te d , cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , ye l l ow brown ; a po p hy s e s tr i a n gu l a r , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i th a n d i nde n te d f i ne sma l l ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t ha n u t 4 -6 mm . l o n g by 2 - 3 mm. w i de , pa l e c he s t n u t - brown ; w i n g s a r t i c u l a te ,

13- 17 mm . l o n g by 6- 8 mm . w i de .

Me x i co : N.W. J a l i s co , E1 Tu i to to Ma s c o ta , 850- 1650 m. .

P . P E NTA P HY L LA May r . No r the rn J a pa ne s e Wh i te P i ne

A c o n i c a l tree 20 - 25 m . ta l l , w i th short ,ascending b ra n c he s . B ra nc h e sre l a t i ve l y s pa r s e . Bra n c h l e ts pa l e g ray , g roo ve d . S he a th c u r l i ng to fo rm aba s a l ro s e t te . Ne e d l e s i n f i ve s , 3-8 cm. l o n g by mm. w i de , f i ne , d a r kg ree n , s i l v e ry o n the i n ne r - s u rfa ce s , s tra i g h t , o n l y s l i g h t l y tw i s te d . Fema l eco n e o v a te - cy l i nd r i c , ye l l ow i s h - b rown , a tte n ua te nea r t he a pex , 4 -7 cm . l o n g ;a po p hy s e s b roa d l y c u nea te o r o rb i c u l a r - o bo va te , f l a t te ne d , t h i n , a pex i n c u rve d ,

w i th a sma l l b l u n t a p i c a l umbo . Se e d s w i th a t h i n n u t 6-9 mm . l o n g by 3-5 mm .

w i de , b rown ; w i n g s to 13 mm . l o n g .

E n dem i c to no r the r n J a pa n , no r th o f Ho n s h u .

P . P E NTAP H Y L LA va r . HIMEOKOMATSU (Miy . et Kudo ) Ma k i no So u ther n J a pa ne s e- P . p a r v i f l o ra S i e b . et Z u c c . , i n pa r t .

A co n i c a l tree 20- 30 m . ta l l , be com i n g f l a t - to p pe d . Tr u n k m . i n g i r t h ,

w i t h l o n g , i rreg u l a r , ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba rk t h i n , smo o th , g ray , be com i n gfi s s u re d i n to b l a c k i s h p l a te s , i n ne r - b a r k re d - brown . B ra nc h l e t s g ray , m i n u te l yp u be s ce n t . B u d o vo i d , 6 mm. l o n g , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , p a l e o ra n ge - brown ; s c a l e sfree a t t he a pex . S he a t h q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , 2 -6 cm . l o n g by1 mm . w i de , th i c k , p rom i ne n t l y tw i s te d , tuf ted , c l u s tered a t e nd s o f bra n c h l e ts ,

per s i s t 3- 4 yea rs , da r k b l ue - g ree n o n th e o u te r s urfa ce s , br i g h t b l ue -wh i te o nt he i n ne r s u rfa ce s , ma rg i n s f i ne l y s e rru l a te , i n ne r fl a t s u rfa ce s w i th w h i tes toma ta , a pe x u s u a l l y b l u n t ; re s i n ca na l s ma rg i n a l , 2 . Fema l e co ne o va te - o b l o n g ,

o pe n i n g a t ma tur i ty , re dd i s h - brown , ro u nde d a t the a pex , 4 -7 cm . l o ng bycm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s b ro a d l y o rb i c u l a r , c u nea te , thi ckerer , fl a t te ne d , wi th

a b l u n t a p i c a l um bo . Se e d s w i t h a d a r k b rown n u t 7 nnn l o ng , re l a t i ve l y w i de ;w i n g s s ho r te r t ha n the s eed s , s o o n de c i d uo u s .

E ndem i c to s o u t he r n J a pa n , Ho n s h u s o u t hwa rd s , 0- 2500 m. .

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158 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1966

P . P I N EA L . I ta l i a n S to ne P i ne

A s l e nde r tree to 25 m . ta l l , to 6 m . i n g i r t h , w i th a l o n g c l e a r bo l e a n d w i t ha umb re l l a - l i k e c rown . Ba r k da r k g ray - b rown , f i s s u red i n to l o n g , f l a t , o ra n gere d p l a te s . Bra n c h l e t s f i ne , smoo th , g ray - g ree n tu r n i ng pa l e b row n . B u d s o vo i d

,

c he s tn u t- b rown , no n - re s i no u s , po i n ted , 6- 12 mm . l o n g ; s c a l e s free , rec u rve d ,

fr i n ge d wh i te a t the ma rg i n s . S hea t h pe rs i s te n t , l - l . 2 cm . l o n g , br i g h t ye l l owbrow n to g ray - b rown . Nee d l e s i n two s , pe rs i s t 2 - 3 yea rs , s l i g h t l y tw i s te d ,

10- 20 cm . l o n g by l . 5- 2 1nn. w i de , br i g h t d a r k g ree n , s toma ta o n the i n te r i o rfa c e s , a pex w i th a ye l l ow s p i ne ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n , 0- 10 . Fema l e c o ne s e s s i l e ,

s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s o f 2- 3 , b ro a d l y o vo i d to nea r l y g l o bo s e , de c i d uo u s , 8- 14 cm .

l o n g , b r i g h t pa l e b rown ; a po p hy s e s b roa d l y o va te , s l i g h t l y s wo l l e n , w i t h a b l u n tsma l l t h i c k c e n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a b rown n u t l . 5- 2 cm . l o n g by 7- 11 mm . w i de ,

t h i c k - S he l l e d , g roo v ed ; w i t h a s h o r t de c i d uo u s w i ng 4 - 7 mm . l o n g .

No r t he rn Me d i te rra n e a n Re g i o n : Po r t u g a l to Le ba no n , to 600 m. .

P . P O N DE ROSA Do u g l . e x Laws . Po n de ro s a P i n e

A co n i c a l tree 18- 39 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a b ro a d , o pe n c rowna nd w i t h s p re a d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba rk b l a c k i s h , fu rrowed , l a te r ye l l ow i s h - brow n a n dd i v i ded i n to l a rg e p l a te s . Bra n c h l e ts th i c k , smoo t h , g l a uco u s - g ree n t u rn i n gb l a c k i s h - re d - b rown , tu r pe n t i n e s ce n ted . B ud s cy l i nd r i c a l , co n i c a l , re s i no u s ,

2 cm . l o n g , red - b rown S he a t h pe rs i s te n t , cm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i n th re e s ,

s ome t i me s 2 - 5 pe r b u nd l e , pe rs i s t 3 ye a rs o r mo re , r i g i d , s t ro n g l y po i n ted ,

terpentine s c e n te d , 10- 25 cm . l o n g by 1 . 5» nm. w i de , s e rru l a te , d a rk ye l l ow i s hg ree n , s toma ta o n a l l fa c e s , re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n . Fema l e co ne s i ng u l a r o r 3 - 5

i n a g ro u p , s u b s e s s i l e , symme tr i c a l , o vo i d - c o n i ca l . nea r l y s ta l k l e s s , 8-15 cm .

l o n g by - 5 cm . w i de , br i g h t brow n to l i g h t re d d i s h - b rown ; a po p hys e s broa d l yo va te , swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y p ro tu be ra n t , w i t h a s h o r t s to u t ce n tra l umbo . Se ed sw i th a n o vo i d n u t 6-9 mm . l ong by 5- 7 nm. w i de , brown . b l a c k i s h be l ow ; w i n g s 15- 25mm . l o ng by 10 mm . w i de .

Ca n a da : S . B r i t i s h Co l umb i a to S . Cal i fornia, U . S .A to 2300 m. .

P PON DE RO SA va r . AR I ZO N I CA ( E n ge l m . ) S haw Ar i zo n a P i neP . englemanni i v a r . blancoi ( Ma r t . ) Ma r t .

A tree 25- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a s tra i g h t tru n k to 1 m . i n g i r th . Ba rk dee p l yf i s s u red , b l a c k i s h - b rown . Bra n c h l e ts o ra n ge - brown t u r n i n g gray - b rown , l a te rg l a u co u s . B ud s o vo i d , po i n ted , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , c he s t n u t - brown ; s c a l e sfr i n ge d . S hea t h pe r s i s te n t , pa l e brown , 2 cm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s ,

s ome t i me s 3-4 pe r b u n d l e , c l u s te re d a t e n d s o f bra n c h l e ts , da r k g ree n , 7- 17 cm .

l o n g by 1 nm. w i de , f i ne l y s e rru l a te , s toma ta o n a l l s u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca n a l sme d i a n , 5- 10 . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s b u t a fewba s a l s c a l e s rema i n a t ta c he d to t he b ra n c h l e t , o vo i d - symme tr i c a l , 5-8 cm . l o n gby 3- 4 cm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h - b rown o r re dd i s h - brown ; a po p hy s e s b ro a d l y ova te ,

swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y p ro t u be ra n t , w i t h a sma l l s to u t ce n tra l um bo . See d s w i t ha g ray o r b l a c k i s h n u t 3- 4 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 15 mm . l o ng .

S . E . Ar i z o n a to C . S a n L u i s Po to s i , 2134 -2438 m

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa ed i a Co n i fe ra e 159

P.P R I NG L E I S h aw Pr i n g l e P i ne

A tree 15- 20 m . ta l l , wi th a ro u n de d c rown . Ba r k red the n da rk g ray , s ca l y .

B uds l a rge,o b l i q ue , re d - brown , S l i g h t l y re s i no u s . S hea th pe r s i s te n t , s l i g h t l y

re s i no u s . Nee d l e s i n th ree s , ra re l y 4 pe r bu n d l e , r i g i d , s e rru l a te , 15- 25 cm.

l o n g,s toma ta o n a l l s u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca n a l s i n te r n a l , 2 -7. Fema l e co ne i n

t u fts,o n a s ho r t t h i c k pedu n c l e , o vo i d - co n i c a l , no n - symme tr i c a l , pe rs i s te n t o r

s e ro t i no u s , 5- 10 cm . l o n g , s h i ny b rown ; a po p hy s e s broa d l y o v a te , s l i g h t l yswo l l e n , w i t h a s ho r t b l u n t c e n tra l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a sma l l n u t a n d w i th aw i n g to 16 mm . l o n g t h a t i s b ro a de n ed a t the ba s e .

S . Me x i c o : N . M i c ho a c a n to C . Oa x a c a , 1500- 2500 m. .

P . PSEUDOSTROBUS L i nd l . Me x i c a n W h i te P i ne- P . pseudos trobus v a r . coaptepecens i s Ma r t .

A tre e 15- 60 m . ta l l , w i t h ho r i zo n ta l l y who r l e d bra n c he s a nd w i t h a ni rre g u l a r c rown . Ba r k smoo t h , be com i n g fu rrowe d , p u r p l e - g ray - brown . B ra n c h l e tsg l a u co u s , p r u i no s e . B ud s o vo i d , po i n ted , S l i g h t l y re s i no u s . S hea th pe rs i s te n t .

Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , l i g h t to d a r k g ree n , 18- 25 cm . l o n g , somewh a t pe n de n t ,

f l e x i b l e , s t i ff , s toma ta o n a l l fa c e s , hy po de rma l i n tru s i o n s ra re l y p re s e n t ;re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n , 2 - 4 a t a n g l e s . Fema l e c o ne o n a ped u n c l e l - l . 5 cm . l o n g ,

de c i d uo u s b u t w i th a few ba s a l s c a l e s rema i n i n g a t ta c h ed to t he bra nc h l e t a fte rs he dd i n g , n a rrow l y o vo i d , symme tr i c a l , 8- 14 cm . l o n g , brown ; a po p hy s e s o va te ,

s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , a pe x a c u te , w i t h a f i ne ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a sm a l l n u t7 mm . l o n g , brown ; w i n g s to 25 mm. l o n g , brown w i th b l a c k s tre a k s .

Me x i co : W. Ne u vo Le o n to C . C h i a pa s ; 5. G u a tema l a ; N . E l Sa l v a do r ;S . Ho nd u ra s ; W . N i c a ra g ua , 2200 - 3500 m. .

P PSEUDOSTROBUS v a r . ALPULCENSI S ( L i n d l . ) Ma r t . Alpulco P i neP . es teves i i ( Ma r t . ) Pe rry

A tre e 15- 30 m . ta l l . Ba r k re d - b rown , f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e ts th i n , g l a u co u sv i o l e t . B u d s o vo i d , c he s tn u t- b rown , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s . S he a th pe rs i s te n t ,

cm . l o n g , c he s tn u t - brown . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , s ome t i me s 6-7 per b u nd l e ,

17- 27 cm . l o n g , f l e x i b l e , s erru l a te ; re s i n ca na l s med i a n , 3- 4 . Fema l e co neb ro a d l y o b l o n g , broa de ne d a t th e ba s e , 10- 15 cm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s h - brown ; a po p hy s e so va te , swo l l e n , p ro tu be ra n t , w i t h a sma l l f i ne l o n g ce n tra l s p i ne - t i p pe d umboSee d s w i t h a sma l l d a r k b rown n u t a n d a b l a c k i s h - brown wi n g .

Me x i co : W . Ve ra C r u z ; E . H i da l go ; N.W. P ue b l a ; N . Tl a x c a l a a l s o i n S .W.

Tama u l i pa s , S . E . Co a h u i l a a n d S . Ne u vo Leo n , 800- 2800 m. .

P . P UM I LA ( Pa l l . ) Re ge l J a pa ne s e S to ne P i ne

A s h ru b 3-6 m . ta l l , ma i n b ra n c he s u s u a l l y pro s tra te . Bra n c h l e ts v i go ro u s ,

p u be s ce n t , red - b rown o r gray - brown . B ud s S ho r t l y po i n ted , re s i no u s , nea r l ycy l i nd r i ca l , 6- 10 mm . l o n g , re d - b rown , s ca l e s f i ne l y po i n te d . S h ea th de c i d uo u s .

Ne ed l e s i n f i ve s , 4 -6 cm . l o n g by -1 mm . w i de , c u rved , b l u i s h - gree n , s toma tao n t he ve n tra l fa ce s , ma rg i n s e n t i re o r s l i g h t l y se rru l a te ; re s i n c a n a l sma rg i na l , 1- 2 . Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t ped u nc l e , b ro a d l y o vo i d , o ra nge - b rown ,

3 cm . l o ng by - 3 cm . w i de ; a po p hy se s broa d l y o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n ,

w i t h a sma l l b l u n t a p i c a l umbo . Seed s n u t- l i ke , 6- 10 mm . l o n g by 4 - 7 mm . w i de ,

wi ng l e s s .

N . Mo n go l i a ; N. E . C h i n a ; N . Ko re a ; E . N . Ja pa n , 300- 3700 m. .

160 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P.P UN G E N S L amb . Ta b l e Mo u n ta i n P i ne

A tree 6- 12 m . ta l l , 0 3 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a ro u n de d o r i rreg u l a r c row no f ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r k da rk b rown , th i c k , fu rrowed i n to s ca l y p l a te s .

Bra n c h l e ts smoo t h , g re e n the n b r i g h t o ra nge - brown . B u d s cy l i n d r i c a l , o b t u se ,

re s i no u s,

cm . l o n g , da r k c he s t n u t - brown . S hea th pe rs i s te n t , to 6 mm .

l o n g . N eed l e s u s ua l l y i n two s , s ome t i me s 3 pe r b u nd l e , da r k g ree n , tw i s te d ,

3- 8 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , s t i ff , pe r s i s t 3 yea rs , s e rr u l a te , s toma ta o n a l ls u rfa ce s ; re s i n ca n a l s me d i a n , 2-6. Fema l e co ne i n n ume ro u s c l u s te r s a l o n g t hebra n c he s , s ta l k l e s s o r ne a r l y so , o pe n i n g u po n ma tu r i ty , S h i ny l i g h t b row n

,

po i n t i n g ba c kwa rd s o r downwa rd s , 5-9 cm . l o n g by 5-6 cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e sb ro a d l y o v a te , swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y pro tu be ra n t , w i t h a th i c k p rom i ne n t u p c u rve dc e n tra l umbo . Seed s w i t h a tr i a n g u l a r n u t 5-6 mm . l o n g by

'

4» nnu w i d e , bla c k i s hto p u rp l i s h - b rown , g roo ved ; w i n g s 10- 15 nnu l o n g by 6-7 mm . w i de .

N. E . Geo rg i a to S . E . Pe n n sy l v a n i a , A l l e g ha ny Mo u n ta i n s, 0- 1350 m. .

P . RA D I ATA D . Do n Mo n te rey P i ne

A b ro a d l y co n i c a l tree 15- 30 m . ta l l ,- 0 9 m . i n g i r th , w i t h a na rrow ,

i r reg u l a r , o pe n c rown . Ba r k d a r k red d i s h - b rown , dee p l y fu r rowe d i n to s ca l yr i d ge s o r p l a te s . B ra n c h l e t s s moo t h , n o n - g l a u co u s , red - b rown . B ud s o vo i dcy l i nd r i c , S ho rt l y po i n te d , no n - re s i no u s ,

- 2 cm . l o n g , c h e s tn u t - brown .

S h ea th pe rs i s te n t , 8- 12 mm . l o n g . Ne ed l e s i n t h ree s , ra re l y 2 pe r bu n d l e , de n s e,

pe rs i s t 3- 4 yea r s , f i ne , s h i ny g ree n , 10- 18 cm . l o n g , a c u te , s e r r u l a te , s toma tao n a l l s u rfa c e s ; re s i n c a na l s me d i a n , 2- 4 . Fema l e co n e i n g ro u p s o f 1-5,

s e s s i l e o r o n a S ho r t pe d u n c l e , re f l exe d , s e ro t i no u s , o vo i d - co n i c a l , ma nyc l u s te re d i n who r l s , t u r ne d ba ckwa rd s , rema i n i n g c l o s ed fo r ma ny yea rs , da r ks h i ny b rown , 7- 14 cm . l o n g by 5-8 cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s bro a d l y o vo i d , s l i g h t l ys wo l l e n , pro t u be ra n t o n o n e S i de o f the co ne , ro u n d - l i ke , w i th a sma l l s to u tce n tra l umbo . Se ed s w i t h a b l a c k i s h n u t 5-8 mm . l o n g by 3-5 mm . w i de ; w i n g s17- 21 1nn. l o n g by 4 - 7 mm . w i de .

W . C a l i fo r n i a , S .W. Sa n Ma teo Co . to N.W. S a n L u i s O b i s po Co u n ty ,

30- 400 m. .

P . RA D I ATA va r . B I NATA ( E nge l m Brewe r et Wa ts . G ua d a l u pe P i ne

A b ro a d l y co n i c a l tree 7- 15 m . ta l l , w i t h a s ce n d i n g bra n c he s . Ba r k re l a t i ve l ysmoo th a t f i r s t

,be com i ng f i s s u re d . B ra n c h l e t s ye l l owi s h - b rown . B ud s o vo i d ,

re dd i s h - b rown , 6 mm. l o n g , no n - re s i no u s . S h e a th 3-6 mm . l o n g , s oo n c u r l i n g .

Ne e d l e s u s u a l l y i n two s , ra re l y 3 pe r b u n d l e , re l a t i ve l y th i c k , cm . l o n gby - 2 mm . w i de . Fema l e co n e a symme tr i ca l , 9- 11 cm . l o ng , ye l l ow i s h - b rown ;a po p hys e s b ro a d l y o vo i d to b ro a d l y o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i th s e ve ra l ma r k i n g s ,

w i th a n i n co n s p i c uo u s ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a n a rrow n u t 8 um. l o n g by 3 m .

w i de ; wi n g s l o n g a n d n a rrow , 20 mm. l o n g by 6 mm . wi de .

Me x i co : W . Gu a da l u pe I s l a n d , 600- 1220 m. , ra re .

P . RE S I NOSA A i t . Ea s te rn Re d P i ne

A tree 21- 24 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a broad, i rregular o r ro u n de dc rown . Ba r k redd i s h - brown o r g ray , d i v i ded i n to th i c k , f l a t , s ca l y p l a te s .

Bra nc h l e ts smo o th , na rrow , o ra nge -ye l l ow o r brown -ye l l ow . B ud s o va te - a c um i na te ,

re s i no u s , pa l e brown , l . 2 - 2 cm . l o ng , s ca l e s free a nd fr i n ge d a t the a pex .

S he a th pe rs i s te n t , to 2 cm . l o n g . Nee d l e s u s ua l l y i n two s , s l e n de r , da r k g ree n ,

11 cm . l o ng by nnn w i de , f i ne , s ho r t l y po i n te d , pe r s i s t 4 yea r s ,

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162 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I RS V I I I 1986

P. RZEDOWSK I I Ma d r . et M . Ca ba l l . Rzedowski P i ne

A tree 15- 30 m . ta l l,

to 60 cm . i n g i r t h , w i t h a compa c t , i r re g u l a r c rown.

Ba r k d a r k,

th i c k,g ray o n the bra n c he s . Bra n c h l e ts s c a l y , g roo ve d , g ray - b rown ,

g l a n d u l a r,s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . B u d s c o n i c a l , c he s tn u t - brow n , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ,

3- 4 mm . l o n g by - 2 mm . wi de , s l i g h t l y p u be s c e n t ; s ca l e s a c um i n a te , fr i n ge dwh i te . S he a th 7- 9 mm . l o n g

,p u be s ce n t , l i g h t c he s tn u t - brown , marg i n s fr i ng ed ,

so o n c u r l s a nd s p l i t s to fo rm a ba s a l rosette .Needles u s ua l l y i n fo u rs , s ome t i me s3- 5 pe r b u nd l e , 6- 10 cm . l o n g by - 1 nnn w i de , l i g h t g ree n , w i th fa i n t s toma tao n a l l s u rfa ce s , s p i ne - t i p pe d ; re s i n c a n a l s ex te rn a l 2 - 4 . Fema l e co ne o vo i d ,

o pe n i n g u po n ma tu r i ty , 10- 15 cm . l o n g by 6 cm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h - b row n ; apophyses tr i a n g u l a r , s l i g h t l y p ro t u be ra n t , d i s t i n c t l y l o be d a t the a pex , w i t h a s ho rts p i ny ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a b rown n u t 7 mm . l o n g , w i th a b roa d w i n g to26 mm . l o n g t h a t i s re d d i s h .

Me x i c o : N.W. M i c ho a ca n , Coa l c oma n a n d Dos Ag ua s , 2000 - 2400 m. .

P . SA B I N I ANA Do u g l . e x D . Do n . D i g ge r P i ne

A tre e 12 - 25 m . ta l l o r mo re , m . i n g i r th , w i th a n o pe n , i rre g u l a r ,

bro a d o r ro u n de d c rown . Tr u n k o fte n c roo ke d a nd fo r ked . Ba rk d a r k g ray , dee p l yfu r rowe d , l a te r s ha g gy . Bra n c h l e t s smoo th , l i g h t g ray to b l u i s h - g ree n . B ud sna rrow l y cy l i nd r i c , re s i no u s , b r i g h t b rown , cm . l o n g , po i n te d , s c a l e sfr i n g e d o n th e ma rg i n s . S h ea th pe r s i s te n t , cm . l o n g , b r i g h t s i l ky - brown ,

l a te r be com i ng a ro se t te . Nee d l e s i n th ree s , f i ne , s pa rs e , a c u te , pe rs i s t 3 o rmo re ye a r s , s omewha t pe nde n t , 16- 30 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , b l ue - g ray - g ree nto d u l l g ray - g ree n , s e r ru l a te , s toma ta o n a l l fa c e s ; re s i n ca n a l s me d i a n , 2- 10 .

Fema l e co ne s S i n g u l a r , o n a ped u n c l e 5 cm . l o n g , pe rs i s t 1-7 ye a rs , o pe n i n gl a te , de h i s c e n t , o vo i d - co n i c a l , s l i g h t l y o ne - s i de d , da r k b rown o r s omewh a tred d i s h - brown , 13- 30 cm . l o n g by 10- 15 cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s o va te , swo l l e n ,

p ro t u be ra n t , w i t h a p rom i ne n t th i c k u pc u rve d umbo . See d s w i th a n o vo i d n u t2 cm . l o n g by 1 cm . w i de , t h i c k - s he l l e d ; wi t h a t h i c k de ta c ha b l e w i n gl - l . 5 cm . l o n g .

C a l i fo r n i a , S .W. Si skiyou Co u n ty to N.W. Lo s An ge l o s Co u n ty ,

30- 1829 m. .

P S COP U LO R UM ( E n ge l m . ) Lemm . Ro c ky Mo u n ta i n P i ne

2 , po n de ro s a va r . s c o p u l o r um E n g e l m .

A tree 10- 35 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th . Ba r k ne a r l y b l a c k , f i s s u re d . Bra n c he ss omewha t droo p i ng . B ra n c h l e t s s ca l y , o ra ng e - b rown , smoo t h . B ud s f i ne l y re s i no u s ,

da r k b rown , o v o i d , 8 mm . l o ng . S he a th pe rs i s te n t , c he s tn u t - brown tu rn i n gb l a c k i s h - g ray , 8. nnn l o n g , ma rg i n s fr i ng e d . Nee d l e s u s ua l l y i n two s , ra re l y3 pe r b u nd l e , d a r k g ree n , lO- 18 cm . l o ng by nm. wi de , se rru l a te , s toma ta o na l l fa ce s ; re s i n ca na l s med i a n , 3- 4 . Fema l e c one o vo i d , 5-9 cm . l o n g by 4 -5 cm .

w i de ; a po p hy se s bro a d l y o va te , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , w i t h a s to u t u p c u rve d c e n tra lumbo . See d s w i t h a na rrow n u t 5-6 mm . l o n g a n d a w i ng to 17 nnn l o n g o r mo re .

E . Mo n ta n a to S . Ar i zo n a , N . New Me x i co a nd W . Te xa s , l500- 3100 m. ,

eco l o g i ca l l y d i s t i n c t .

S i l b a,

E n cyc l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 163

P.S I B I R I CA D u To u r S i be r i a n S to ne P i n e

A n a rrow tree 35- 40 m . ta l l . Bra n c he s tome n to s e . B u d s s ho r t l y po i n te d , s c a l e sbr i g h t b rown . S he a th de c i d uo u s , fo rm i n g a ro se t te . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , 6- 13 cm .

l o n g by mm . w i de , da r k g ree n , s toma ta o n the ve n tra l fa ce s , s e rru l a tee x c e p t a t th e a pe x ; re s i n ca n a l s l a rg e , me d i a n , 2 . Fema l e co ne cy l i n dr i c a l ,

6- 13 cm . l o n g by 5-8 cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s b ro a d l y o va te , wi t h a sma l l b l u n ta p i c a l umbo ; c o ne w i t h few s c a l e s re f l ex ed a t t he ba s e ; a po p hy s e s s wo l l e n .

Se e d s n u t - l i k e , l - l . 4 cm . l o n g by - l cm . w i de , w i t h a fra g i l e s h e l l ,

w i n g l e s s .

N. E . Kazakhi s tan; S i be r i a ; C h i na : N. E . S i n k i a n g ; N . Mo n go l i a ,

1000- 1800 m. .

P . STROB I FO RM I S E n ge l m . So u thwe s te r n W h i te P i ne— P . re f l e x a ( E n g e l m . ) E n g e l m .

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l tree 15- 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i th h o r i zo n ta lbra n c he s . Ba r k g ray a n d smoo th , be com i n g da r k g ray o r b rown a nd s h a l l ow l yfu rrowed . Bra n c h l e t s smoo t h , g ray , w i t h a g l a u c o u s b l oom . B ud s o b l o n g - o vo i d

,

re s i no u s , re d - brown . S he a th de c i d uo u s . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , b r i g h t o r b l u i s hg ree n , s l e n de r , wh i te s toma ta o n l y o n the i n ne r s u rfa ce s , 6- 10 cm . l o n g ,

f i ne l y s e rr u l a te nea r t he a pex , pe rs i s t 3 o r mo re yea rs ; re s i n c a na l s ma rg i n a l,

2 - 5. Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e cm . l o ng , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s,

cy l i n d r i ca l , 15- 25 cm . l o n g , re s i no u s , ye l l ow i s h - b rown ; a po p hyse s ov a te,

swo l l e n , pro t u be ra n t , th i n , s tro n g l y re f l e xe d , w i t h a sma l l b l un t a p i c a l umbo .

Se ed s w i t h a re d - brown n u t 1 cm . l o n g , w i ng s u s ua l l y red u ce d to a n a rrowco l l a r 1 nnn l o n g .

E . Ar i z o n a to S .W. Sa n L u i s Po to s i , Me x i c o , 1981-3048 m. .

P . STROBUS L . E a s te r n Wh i te P i ne

A tree 33- 46 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a broa d , i rre g u l a r c rown a n dw i t h ho r i zo n ta l bra n c he s g row i n g i n o ne p l a ne . Ba r k g ray - b rown , smoo t h , be com i n gfu rrowe d i n to s c a l y r i d ge s . B ra n c h l e t s f i ne , g ray i s h - brown . B u d s s u b cy l i n d r i c ,

a c um i na te , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , 5- 10 mm . l o ng , re d - brown , ma rg i n o f s ca l e s wh i te .

S he a th q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , cm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , pe r s i s t 2 - 3 ye a r s ,

f i ne , f l e x i b l e , b l u e - g ree n , f i n e l y se rr u l a te , 5- 14 cm . l o n g , s toma ta o n theve n tra l fa ce s , a pex b l u n t ; re s i n ca n a l s ma rg i na l , 2 - 3 . Fema l e co ne 1- 3 pe rg ro u p , o n a pe d u n c l e 2 - 3 cm . l o ng , de h i s ce n t , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , cy l i nd r i c ,

8- 20 cm . l o n g by 3- 4 cm . w i de , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , g ree n the n ye l l ow - brownto fawn - brown ; a po p hy se s b roa d l y o va te , fl a t te ne d , w i t h a sma l l b l u n t a p i ca lumbo . Seed s w i t h a da r k brown n u t 5-8 mm . l o ng by 4 mm . w i de , w i ng s 18- 25 mm .

l o n g .

S . E . C a n a da : S . E . Ma n i to ba to N . Ge o rg i a , Un i te d S ta te s , 610- 1524 m. .

164 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1936

P . STRO BU S va r . CHIAPENS I S Ma r t . C h i a pa s W h i te P i ne

A bro a d tree 25- 46 m . ta l l , w i t h ho r i zo n ta l l y s p rea d i n g bra n c he s . Ba r k da rkbrown

,i rre g u l a r l y f u r rowe d , i n ne r - ba r k re d . S hea t h q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s , cm

l o n g,tra n s pa re n t a t the ma rg i n s . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , a t t i p s o f t he b ra n c h l e t s ,

f i ne , f l e x i b l e , 8- 14 cm . l o n g , br i g h t g ree n o r ye l l ow i s h - g re e n , se rru l a te ,

g l a u c o u s i n te rn a l l y , w i t h s toma ta o n the ve n tra l fa ce s ; re s i n c a na l s ma rg i n a l ,

2 - 3 . Fema l e c o ne s i n g ro u p s o f 2 - 3 , o n a pe d u n c l e cm . l o n g , cy l i nd r i ca l,

a t te n ua te a t the a pe x , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , ye l l ow i s h - b rown , 9- 15 cm . l o n g by3- 4 cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s ovate , rounded, fl a tte ne d , w i t h a sma l l b l u n t a p i c a lumbo . See d s w i t h a n u t 5-6 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 20 mm . l o n g .

Me x i co : C . Ve ra c r u z to W . C h i a pa s ; W . G ua tema l a ; S .W. B r i t i s h Ho n d u ra s ,

610- 1830 m. .

P S Y L V E STR I S L . S co tc h P i neP . s lves tri s va r . s i b i r i ca Le de b =P . s y l ve s tr i s va r . sylves tri fonni s

( Ta ke n . ) C h e n g et C h u

A co n i c a l tree 25- 40 m . ta l l , to 6 m . i n g i r t h o r mo re , w i th a l o n g c l e a rbo l e , be com i n g ro u n d - to p pe d o r f l a t - to p pe d w i t h a ge . Ba r k a s hy - g ray , w i thl o n g i t ud i na l c ra c k s . Lo n g ev i ty to 400 yea rs o r mo re . Ba rk o f b ra n c he s re d - browno r o ra n g i s h . Bra n c h l e ts l i g h t b rown o r ye l l ow i s h , t h i n . Bu d s co n i c a l , re s i no u s ,

6- 12 m . l o n g , re d - brown , s c a l e s free a t the a pe x . S h ea t h pe rs i s te n t , 8 rrm. l o n g,

g ray . Nee d l e s i n two s , 4 -6 cm . l o n g by 2 mm. wi de , pe r s i s t 2 -4 ye a r s , g ree n i nthe s p r i n g , t u rn i n g ye l l ow i s h i n the w i n te r , s l i g h t l y tw i s ted , s e rru l a te , w i t hfa i n t s toma ta o n the i n te r i o r fa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s 8- 12 , d i re c t l y a d j o i n i n g t hehy po de rm i s . Ma l e s t ro b i l i ye l l ow i s h , ra re l y p i n k i s h . Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p so f 1- 3 , o n a s ho r t ped u n c l e , de h i s ce n t , o pe n i n g u po n ma t u r i ty , o vo i d , 3-6 cm .

l o ng by 2 cm . w i de , d u l l ye l l ow i s h - b rown ; a po p hy s e s o v a te , s l i g h t l yswo l l e n , ba s a l a po p hy se s s ome t i me s p ro tu be ra n t o n o ne s i de o f t he co n e , w i tha sma l l b l u n t ce n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a g ray o r b l a c k i s h n u t 3- 5 mm . l o n g by2 mm . w i de , w i n g to cm . l o n g by 6 mm. w i de .

N . S co t l a nd ; S . S c a nd i n a v i a ; N . Po r tu g a l to W . B u l g a r i a to

P S Y L V E STR I S v a r . HAMATA Stev. Ca u c a s i a n S c o tc h P i neP . s y l v e s t r i s v a r . a rme na ( K . Ko c h ) F i ts c h .

A s h ru b o r tree 20- 35 m . ta l l , w i t h a s ce n d i n g bra n c he s . Ba s e o f t ru n k u s u a l l yswo l l e n , tr u n k u s u a l l y e re c t o r c u rve d . Ba r k re d - ye l l ow , p l a te - l i ke . Lo n g e v i tyto 200 ye a rs . Bra n c h l e t s brown . B u d s a c um i na te , re s i n o u s . S he a t h pe r s i s te n t .

Need l e s i n two s , s l i g h t l y tw i s te d , b l ue - g ree n , 7 cm . l o n g by 1 nm. w i de ,

f i ne l y s e rr u l a te , w i t h few s toma ta , l ea ve s do no t tu r n ye l l ow i s h i n t he w i n te r ;re s i n ca n a l s s u bma rg i na l , 4 -8, w i th a d j o i n i n g hypo de rm i s . Fema l e co ne s s ho r ts ta l ked , ye l l ow i s h - ta n , 2 cm . l o n g by 2-4 cm . w i de ; a po p hys e s b roa d l y o va te ,

s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , s ome a po p hy se s p ro tu be ra n t ne a r the base ,wi th a th i n f i nes ho rt ce n tra l umbo . Seed s w i t h a n o va te - o b l o n g n u t 5mm . l o n g , b u ff co l o re d ;w i n g s wh i t i s h- g ray to 14 mm. l o n g .

N . Tu r key to Aze rbayd z h a n , U . S . S . R Ca u c a s u s Mo u n ta i n s .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

166 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

13 mm . l o ng , red d i s h - b rown .

C h i na : W . S ze c h ua n ; S . E . Ts i n g h a i ; S . E . T i be t ; N.W. Y u n na n , 2600 - 3500 m. .

P . TA E DA L . Lo b l o l l y P i ne

A t ree 24 - 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a ro u n de d c rown o f s p rea d i n gbra n c he s . Ba r k b l a c k i s h - g ray , dee p l y fu rrowed i n to s c a l y r i d ge s . Bra n c h l e t ssmoo t h , s omewh a t g l a u c o u s , l a te r ye l l ow i s h - brown . B ud s o b l o n g - co n i ca l , 6- 12 gnu

l o n g , s omewh a t re s i no u s ; s ca l e s f r i n ged , ref l e xed ; pe rs i s ta n t a t th e ba s e o ft he bra n c h l e t . S h ea th pe r s i s te n t , to cm . l o n g . Ne ed l e s i n t h ree s

,s ho rt l y

po i n ted , s l i g h t l y tw i s te d , pe rs i s t 3- 4 yea r s , s e rr u l a te , 12 - 25 cm . l o n g bymm . w i de , b r i g h t g ree n , w i t h s toma ta o n a l l fa c e s ; re s i n ca na l s me d i a n

, 2 -6.

Fema l e co n e s e s s i l e , n a rrow , o vo i d - c o n i c a l , de h i s ce n t , pe rs i s te n t,o pe n i n g a t

ma tu r i ty , 6- 12 cm . l o n g , d u l l d a r k red - b rown ; a po p hy s e s b roa d l y o va te , s l i g h t l yswo l l e n , w i t h a s to u t c e n tra l umbo . Seed s w i t h a tr i a n g u l a r n u t 6 mm . l o n g by4 mm . w i de , re d - b rown , g roo ved , w i ng to 20 mm . l o n g .

U . S . A De l a wa re to E . F l o r i da to E . Tex a s , 457-610 m. .

P . TE OC OTE Schiede et De p pe Teo co te P i n e— P . herrerai Ma r t .

A tree 10- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h a ro u n de d , i rre g u l a r c rown . Ba r k g ray , f i s s u re d ,

p l a te - l i k e . B ra n c h l e ts smoo t h , g l a u co u s t he n re d d i s h - b rown . B ud s o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c ,

re s i no us , cm . l o n g ; s c a l e s fr i n g ed , a c u te po i n t free , no n - re f l e x ed . S he a t hpe r s i s te n t , da r k b rown , 5- 10 mm . l o n g . Nee d l e s i n th ree s , s ome t i me s 2 -5 pe rb u n d l e , r i g i d , p u n g e n t , pe rs i s t 3 ye a rs , 10- 20 cm . l o n g , s toma ta o n a l l fa c e s ,

l i g h t g ree n , f i ne l y s e r ru l a te ; re s i n c a na l s med i a n , 2 -7. Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u pso f 1- 2 , re f l e xe d o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e 2 mm . l o n g , s oo n de c i d uo u s , o vo i dsymme tr i c a l , 4 - 7 cm . l o n g , d u l l b rown ; a po p hy s e s f l a t te ne d , ro u n de d , w i th af i ne sma l l ce n tra l umbo . Seed s w i th a da r k g ray n u t 3 m . l o n g ; w i n g s to 15 mm .

l o n g , d a r k brown , s ome t i me s s omewha t de c i d uo u s .

Me x i co : W . C h i h ua h ua to C . C h i a pa s ; W . Gu a tema l a , 1524 - 3048 m. .

P . THU NB E RG I A NA Fra n co J a pa ne se B l a c k P i ne

A broa d l y co n i c a l tre e 30- 40 m . ta l l , w i t h l o n g l ev e l bra n c he s a n d a ni rre g u l a r c rown . Ba r k b l a c k i s h - p u r p l i s h - g ray , f i s s u re d i n to i rre g u l a r p l a te s .

Bra n c he s s p rea d i n g ho r i zo n ta l l y , somewh a t pe nde n t . B ra nc h l e ts smoo t h , t h i c k ,

ye l l ow i s h t u r n i ng d a r k o ra n ge - brown to o ra n g e -ye l l ow . B ud s po i n ted , o b l o n g ,

no n - re s i no u s , 1 cm . l o n g , wh.ti sh, s c a l e s f i mbr i a te a nd free a t th e a pe x .

S hea t h pe r s i s te n t , cm . l o n g , w i t h l o n g wh i te f i l ame n ts . Nee d l e s i n two s ,

pre s s ed c l o s e l y to t he bra n c h l e t , s h a rp l y po i n ted , r i g i d , s l i g h t l y tw i s te d ,

pe rs i s t 3 yea rs , 6- 18 cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , da r k g ray - g ree n , s e rr u l a te ,

w i t h s toma ta i n 8- 12 ra n k s o n 2 fa ce s ; re s i n c a na l s me d i a n , 2 - 15. Fema l e co ne singular , o n a s ho r t ped u n c l e , o vo i d , 4 -6 cm . l o ng by 3-4 cm . w i de , da r kredd i s h - b rown to g ray - brown , de c i du o u s ; a po p hy s e s b roa d l y t r i a n g u l a r , s l i g h t l yswo l l e n , w i t h a sma l l c e n tra l umbo . See d s w i t h a g ray o r ye l l ow i s h - brown n u t5-7 mm. l o ng by 3 mn. w i de , w i ng 15- 20 mm. l o ng , s h i ny

S . Ko re a ; J a p a n : co a s ta l p l a i n s , 0-1000 m. .

S i l b a,E n cy c l o pa ed i a Co n i fe ra e 167

P . TO R R E YANA P a rry ex Ca r r . To r rey P i n e

A tree 9- 15 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i t h a broa d , ro u n de d c rown , w i tho pe n

,S p rea d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k b l a c k i s h , fu rrowed i n to f l a t s c a l y r i d ge s , g ray

a nd smoo t h o n t he bra n c he s . B ra n c h l e ts smo o th , g l a u co u s tu rn i n g da r k p u rp l i s hg ray t he n b l a c k i s h . B ud s co n i c a l cm . l o n g , pa l e b rown , w i t h a l o n gpo i n ted a pe x , no n - re s i no u s , s ca l e s fr i n g ed wh i te . S he a th pe rs i s te n t , cm . l o n g .

Need l e s i n f i ve s , 15- 30 cm . l o n g by 2 mm. w i de , da r k g ray - g re e n , pe r s i s te n t,

t h i c k , c rowde d i n l a rge c l u s te r s a t t i p s o f s to u t b ra n c h l e ts , wh i te s toma ta o nmo s t s u r fa c e s , s er r u l a te a t t h e a pe x ; re s i n c a na l s me d i a n , 3 a t a n g l e s . Fema l eco ne o n a th i c k pe d u n c l e 3 cm . l o n g , ma tu r i n g i n 3 yea rs , s omewha t pe rs i s te n t

,

be n t downwa rd , o pe n i n g a t ma t u r i ty , 10 - 15 cm . l o n g by 9 cm . w i de , s h i ny n u tbrown ; a po p hy s e s b ro a d l y o v o i d , s wo l l e n , p ro t u be ra n t , w i t h a th i c k p rom i ne n tc e n tra l umbo . See d s w i th a b l a c k i s h - b rown n u t 2 cm . l o n g by 1 cm . w i de

,

w i t h a th i c k s he l l ; w i n g s to 1 cm . l o n g , s oo n de ta c ha b l e .

5. Ca l i fo r n i a , W . S a n D i e go Co u n ty , ne a r De l Ma r a n d o n Sa n ta Ro s aI s l a n d , to 152 m. .

P . TRO P I CAL I S Morelot Tro p i c a l P i ne

A tree 15- 20 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i t h a s ce nd i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k g rayto b l a c k i s h , t i n te d re d , fu rrowe d i n to l a rge o b l o n g p l a te s . C rown o pe n a ndro u n de d . B ra n c h l e t s s to u t a n d ro u g h . B ud s l a rge , w i t h ref l exe d s ca l e s . S hea thpe r s i s te n t . Need l e s i n two s , ra re l y 3 pe r b u n d l e , 10- 30 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de ,

r i g i d , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s , ma rg i n s m i n u te l y too t he d ; re s i n c a n a l s m a rg i n a l,

2- 9. Fema l e co ne o n a s ho r t ped u n c l e , o vo i d - co n i c , symme tr i ca l , ye l l ow i s hbrown to o ra ng e - brown , 5-8 cm . l o n g , o pe n i n g u po n ma tu r i ty ; a po p hy s e s o va te toro u n de d , w i th a sma l l i n de n te d c e n tra l umbo . See d s w i th l o ng w i n g s . See d l i n g sg o th ro u g h a d i s t i n c t g ra s s - l i k e s ta ge .

W . C u ba to I s l e o f P i n e s , to 30 m . o r mo re .

P . V I RG I N I A NA M i l l . V i rg i n i a P i ne

A s h r u b o r t ree 9- 18 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r th , w i th a n o pe n , broa d ,

i r re g u l a r c rown a nd w i th l o n g , s p rea d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k brown i s h - gray ,

smo o th i s h , e x fo l i a t i n g i n f l a ke s , be com i ng s ha ggy w i t h n a rrow s ca l y r i d ge s .

Bra n c h l e ts smoo t h , f i ne , g l a u co u s - v i o l e t the n g ray - brown . B ud s cy l i n d r i c a l ,

ve ry re s i no u s , da r k b rown , 8- 12 mm . l o n g . S h ea th fa i r l y pe rs i s te n t , 4 - 10 mm .

l o n g . Nee d l e s i n two s , l oo se , po i n te d , s omewha t tw i s ted , s to u t , f l e x i b l e ,

s omewh a t f l a tte ne d , pe rs i s t 3- 4 ye a r s , 4 -8 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , g ray - g ree n,

w i t h few s toma ta , se rru l a te ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n , 2 . Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f1- 2 , ne a r l y s e s s i l e , o vo i d - o b l o ng , de h i s ce n t i n the s eco nd yea r , pe rs i s te n t ,

4 -7 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , da r k S h i ny red - brown ; a po p hy s e s broa d l yo va te , swo l l e n , s l i g h t l y p ro tu be ra n t , w i t h a prom i ne n t l o n g f i ne c e n tra l um bo .

See d s w i t h a na rrow n u t a n d a l o n g w i n g .

E . U n i te d S ta te s : S . E . New Yo r k to N. E . M i s s i s s i p p i , 30-850 m. .

168 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P.WA L L I C H I A NA A. B . J a c k s . We s te r n H i ma l aya n P i ne-

P . e x ce l s a Wa l l . e x D . Do n ,=E , g r i ff i t h i i Mccl e l l a n d

A broa d l y py ram i da l tree 50- 70 m . ta l l , w i t h f i ne b ra n c he s to t he ba s ea n d w i t h a l oo s e , o pe n c rown . Ba rk o ra n ge - b rown to g ray - b row n , smoo th t he ns h a l l ow l y f i s s u re d a n d p l a te - l i k e . B ra n c h e s a s ce n d i n g , h o r i zo n ta l . Bra n c h l e t ssmo o th

,ye l l ow i s h - b rown . B u d s co n i c a l , 6- 12 mm . l o n g , pa l e re d - b rown , re s i no u s ,

a c um i na te,w i th e re c t , free t i p s . S hea t h de c i d uo u s , to cm . l o n g , p a l e

re d - brown . Nee d l e s i n f i ve s , 10- 20 cm . l o n g by - 1 mm . w i de , s omewha t pe n de n t ,

g ray i s h o r b l u i s h - g re e n , a c u te , pe rs i s t 3- 4 ye a r s , f i ne l y s e rr u l a te , w i t h w h i tes toma ta i n 4 - 6 ra n k s o n t he ve n tra l s u rfa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s ma rg i n a l , 2 . Fema l eco ne i n g ro u p s o f 1- 3 , o n a pe d u n c l e 2 -5 cm . l o n g , n a rrow l y co n i ca l , ye l l ow i s hbrown , re s i no u s , 15- 25 cm . l o n g by 3 cm . w i de ; a po p hy s e s f l a t te n e d , ro u nde d ,

a c um i na te a t th e a pe x , w i t h a sma l l b l u n t i nc u rve d a p i c a l umbo . See d s w i th a no vo i d n u t 8-9 mm . l o n g by 5-6 mm . w i de ; w i n g 10-20 mm . l o n g .

E . Afg h a n i s ta n to B h u ta n to S . E . T i be t , C h i na to N . B unna , 2500- 3000 m. .

P . WA L L I C H I A NA va r . DALATENSI S ( Fe r re ) S i l ba Da l a t P i ne

A tre e 10- 40 m . ta l l w i th a n i r re g u l a r c rown . Ba r k brown , f i s s u re d i n to sma l lp l a te s . B ra n c h l e t s smoo th , brown t u rn i n g g ray , g l a u co u s . B u d s co n i ca l , b rown ,

no n - re s i no u s , s ca l e s tr i a n g u l a r . S he a th l i g h t b rown , 7 mm . l o n g , q u i c k l yde c i d uo u s . Nee d l e s i n f i v e s , 4 - 10 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , w i t ho u t a ve n tra lre s i n c a na l , b u t w i t h 2 - 3 ma rg i n a l o r s u bma rg i n a l re s i n c a n a l s . Ma l e s t ro b i l ina rrow , 2 cm . l o n g , v i o l e t - b rown ; po l l e n g ra i n s m i c ro n s i n d i a me te rFema l e co ne cy l i nd r i c a l , b rown , cm . l o ng by cm . w i de ;a po p hy s e s f l a tte n e d , ro u n de d , a c um i n a te a t t he a pe x , w i t h a sma l l b l u n t a p i ca lumbo . S eed s w i t h a sma l l b rown n u t a n d a w i n g to 15 mm . l o n g .

S . V i e tnam : Da l a t , Tra i Ma t , 1500- 2400 m. .

P WANGI I Hu et C he ng We n s ha n o r Wa n g P i neP . kwangtungens i s C h u n et C he n g

A t re e 10- 20 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r th . Ba r k g ray , f l a ky . B ra n c h l e ts da r k b rown ,

p u be s ce n t . B u d s o vo i d , da r k b rown , 6 mm . l o n g , no n - re s i no u s ; s ca l e s tr i a n g u l a r ,

l a n ce o l a te , free a t t he t i p s . S he a th 5 nnn l o n g , c he s tn u t - b rown , q u i c k l y de c i d uo u s .

Need l e s i n f i ve s , s omewh a t f l a t te n ed , da r k g ree n , 2 cm . l o n g by 1 mm .

w i de , w i t h 5-7 ba n d s o f wh i te s toma ta o n the i n ne r fa ce s ; re s i n c a n a l s me d i a n ,

3 . Ma l e s tro b i l i w i t h 8- 12 bra c t s . Fema l e co ne o n a ped u n c l e - 2 cm . l o n g ,

o b l o ng - cy l i ndr i c , g ray - brown , o pe n i ng a t ma tu r i ty , cm . l o n g by 2 cm .

w i de ; a po p hy s e s r homb i c - o vo i d , f l a t te ne d , a pe x i nc u rve d , w i t h a b l u n t sma l la p i ca l umbo . See d s n u t- l i ke , n u t 8 mm . l o ng by 5mn. w i de , w i t h a s ho r t , b ro a d ,

de c i d uo u s w i ng .

C h i n a : S . E . Y u n n a n , ne a r We n s h a n ( ty pe ) ; Ha i n a n ; Kwa n g t u n g ; Kwa n g s i ;H u n a n , 500- 1800 m. .

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170 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

PO DO CA RP U S L . He r i t . e x Pe rs . ( Po do ca rpa c ea e )

A g e n u s o f 95 s pe c i e s o c c u r i n g i n s u b tro p i c a l re g i o n s from S . A fr i c a , S . E . A s i a ,

A u s tra l a s i a,S . Me x i c o , the Ca r i b bea n a n d S . Ame r i c a . E ve rg ree n tree s o r s h r ub s

t ha t a re u s ua l l y d i oe c i o u s . B u d s o vo i d o r g l o bo s e , free from t he l e a ve s , w i t h few ,

i mb r i ca te s c a l e s . Lea ve s b i fa c i a l l y f l a t te ne d , mo s t l y l i ne a r , s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed ,

a l te r n a te , hy po s toma t i c , l a n ceo l a te , w i th hy po de rm a n d co n ta i n i n g 1-5 re s i nd u c t s , w i th we l l de ve l o ped tra n s fu s i o n t i s s ue . Ma l e s tro b i l i l a te ra l , s o l i ta ryo r o fte n g ro u pe d , s e s s i l e o r o n a na k e d pe d u n c l e , a n the r - l i ke , e l o n ga te d

,i n

a x i l s o f l e a v e s , s u bte n de d by ba s a l s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne p ro d u ce d o n a s pe c i a l i s e da x i l l a ry s hoo t , o n a n a ke d pe d u n c l e , re d d i s h , w i t h a n e n l a rg ed ba s a l re ce p ta c l efo rme d by the fu s i o n o f two b ra c t s , w i th a s i ng l e i n ve r te d o v u l e . See d comp l e te l yco ve re d by the l e a the ry fe r t i l e s c a l e , g l o b u l a r , w i n g l e s s .

P . A F F I N I S Seema n F i j i a n Podoberry

A sma l l t ree 2 - 9 m . ta l l , w i t h a de n se c rown . Ba rk th i n , smoo th,l i g h t

red d i s h - b rown , ex fo l i a t i n g i n e l o n g a te d s ca l e s . B ra n c he s s ho r t a n d s p re a d i n g .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s g l a uc o u s . Bu d s 1 mm . l o n g ; s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , e re c t . A d u l tl ea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , c l o s e l y set , o b l o n g - l a n ceo l a te , e re c t , l ea the ry

,

s tra i g h t , ta pe r i n g a n d s omewh a t tw i s te d a t the ba se ,-5 cm . l o n g by 7-8 rim.

w i de , re d - brown u n de r ne a th , m i dr i b p rom i ne n t , a pe x o b t u s e , pe t i o l e 2- 3 mm . l o ng .

Ma l e s t ro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e , 2 cm . l o n g by 2- 3 mm . w i de , ba s e s u b te nde dby s e ve ra l t r i a n g u l a r s te r i l e s c a l e s ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s w i t h a sma l l tr i a n g u l a rs p u r o n t he a pex . Fema l e co n e o n a pe d u n c l e 5- 7 mm . l o ng ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2e n l a rge d a d na te bra c t s , s u b te nde d by 2 l a n ce o l a te i nvo l u c ra l l e a ve s , ea c hi n vo l u c ra l l e a f mm . l o n g . See d e l l i p t i ca l , 8-9 mm . l o n g by 4 -5 mm . w i de ,

w i t h a sma l l d i s t i n c t c re s t a t the a pe x .

F i j i : V i t u Le v u , Namo s i , Voma Pe a k , 600-950 m. .

P . A L P I N US R . B r . e x M i rb . Ta sma n i a n Podoberry

A sma l l , de n s e l y b ra n c h ed s h ru b to 4 m . ta l l . B u d s o vo i d o r g l o bo s e , 2 mm .

l o ng , s ca l e s tr i a n g u l a r . Lea ve s c rowde d , mo re o r l e s s 2- ra n ked , s p rea d i ng , t h i c k ,

s e s s i l e , 6- 15 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , o b tu s e , b l ue o r g ray - g ree n , bro a de ned a tthe a pe x , m i dr i b prom i ne n t be l ow , f l a t te ne d a bo ve , a pe x no n -mu c ro na te . Ma l es tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 3-6, o n a pe d u n c l e 3- 4 mm. l o n g , co ne 4 -6 mm . l o n g .

Fema l e co ne s e s s i l e o r o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e , re ce p ta c l e 3 mm. l o n g w i th 2bra c t s , br i g h t red . See d o vo i d , 5 mm . l o n g , c re s te d .

A u s tra l i a : V i c to r i a ; New So u th Wa l e s : Ta sma n i a , lOOO- 1800 m. .

P ANGU ST I FOL I U S Gri seb. Na rrow- l e a f C u ba n PodoberryP . ekmani i Ur ba n

A n a r bore s ce n t s h ru b o r a sma l l tre e 2- 4 m . ta l l , w i t h de n se fo l i a ge a nd sub

ve r t i c i l l a te bra n c he s . Te rm i na l b ud s o vo i d , w i t h ro u nded . kee l e d s ca l e s . Le a ve sl oo s e l y a rra n ge d , l i ne a r , s u b c o r i a ceo u s ,

-7 cm . l o n g by 3-4 mm . w i de , ma rg i n sre vo l u te , a pe x a p i c u l a te a n d s p i ne - t i p pe d , pe t i o l e 4 -7 rim. l o n g by 3 mn. w i de .

Ma l e s tro b i l i a x i l l a ry , s e s s i l e , cy l i nd r i c a l , cm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de . Fema l eco ne o n a ped u n c l e 2-5 mm . l o n g ; re c e p ta c l e w i t h 2 bra c t s , red , 5-7 mm . l o n gSeed 7 mm. l o ng , re c ta n g u l a r , c re s te d .

W . C u ba : P i na r de l R i o , S i e rra de O rg a no s to Sa n M i g ue l , 500-900 m. ,

h um i d fo re s t .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o p a ed i a C on i fe ra e 171

P . ANNAMI ENSI S G ray A n nam Podoberry

A sma l l , e re c t tree 5- 12 m . ta l l ,- 3 m . i n g i r th . B ra n c he s de n s e , o ppo s i te

o r who r l e d . B u d o vo i d o r g l o bo s e , 5 mm . l o n g ; s ca l e s b ro a d l y tr i a n g u l a r , kee l e d ,

a pex a c um i na te . Lea ve s b u n c he d a t e nd s o f b ra n c h l e ts , l i ne a r , u s u a l l y s tra i g h t ,

4 cm . l o n g by 5- 10 mm . w i de , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te to ro u n de d , m i d r i b s omewh a tprom i ne n t , s t i ff , pe t i o l e 2 -6 mm. l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p so f 2 - 3 , s e s s i l e , s u b g l o bo se ; g ree n i s h -wh i te ,

- 3 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry,

so l i ta ry , pe d u n c l e 2- 10 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2 b ra c ts , fu se d b u t fre e a t t het i p s , 4 - 8 mm . l o n g . See d o vo i d , 8- 10 mm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de , o b t u s e o ra p i c u l a te .

C h i na : Ha i n a n I s l a n d ; V i e tnam : An nam a n d Co c h i n C h i n a .

P . ARCHI BOLDI I G ray A rc h i bo l d Podoberry

A tree to 40 m . ta l l . B ud s 2- 4 nm. l o n g by 3- 4 nm. w i de , a pe x o n l y s l i g h t l ys p rea d i n g , s ca l e s tr i a ng u l a r . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s to 18 cm . l o ng by 16 mm . w i de .

Ad u l t l e a ve s l i nea r o r l i nea r - l a n ceo l a te , ta pe r i n g to a b roa d l y a c u te a pex,

7- 12 cm . l o n g by 10 - 14 mm . w i de , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t a nd b roa de r be l ow,pe t i o l e

to 5 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , o n a pe d u n c l e 4 mm . l o n g,to 4 cm . l o n g

by 4 mm . w i de ; s u b te n de d by a few , s p re a d i ng , s te r i l e s c a l e s , a pe x o f mi crosporophyl ls i s a t i ny s p u r . Fema l e c o ne o n a ped u n c l e 5- 11 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e re d ,

w i th 2- 3 f l e s hy b ra c t s , t he fe r t i l e o ne 6- 10 mm . l o n g ; 2 l i ne a r- l a n c eo l a tebra c ts a re a t the ba s e o f the co ne a n d a bo u t 2 mm . l o n g . See d o va l , 7- 8 mm . l o n g ,

w i t h a n e n ve l o p i ng l e a t he ry s c a l e .

New G u i ne a , W : Vo ge l ko p , To b i Mts . ; E a s t : W. H i g h l a n d s , Ko p i a go ; Mo ro beB u l o l o a n d Wa u , 720- 1650 m. .

P ARI STULATI S Pa r l . Mo n te Ve rde Podoberry

E, buchi i Urba n ,=P . buchi i va r . l a t i fo l i u s F l o r i n ,

=P . leoni i Ca ra b i a ,

P . v i c to r i a n u s Ca ra b i a

A n a rbo re s ce n t s h ru b o r sma l l tree 6- 7 m . ta l l . Bra n c h e s sub- ve r t i c i l l a te .

B u d s o vo i d , s ca l e s a p i c u l a te a n d k ee l e d . Le a ve s s omewha t S p rea d i n g , t h i c k , l i ne a r,

- 7 cm . l o n g by 3- 4 mm . w i de , bro a d l y a c u te , n a rrow i ng to a s p i ne - t i p pe da pe x , ma rg i n s re vo l u te , pe t i o l e 4 - 7 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de . Ma l e s tro b i l ia x i l l a ry , cy l i n d r i c a l , s e s s i l e , 1 cm . l o n g by 3 mm . wi de . Fema l e co ne o n aped u n c l e 2 - 5 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i th 2 bra c t s , re d , 5-7 mm . l o ng . See d to 7 mm .

l o n g , w i t h a p ro no u nce d c re s t .

E . C u ba , ty pe ne a r Mo n te Ve rde ; Ha i t i , 500- 2500 m. .

P . ATJEHENSI S (Wass ch. ) De La ub . A tj e h Podoberry

A sma l l tree - 15 m . ta l l . Te rm i na l b u d s re l a t i ve l y l a rge , w i t h pa r t i a l l ydef l exe d s c a l e s to 10 mm . l o n g . Ma l e b u d s re l a t i ve l y l a rge , o va te - a c u te , w i t ha c um i na te o u te r s c a l e s u p to 5 nnu l o n g . Yo u n g l e a ve s red d i s h . Adu l t l e a ve sna rrow l y l a n ceo l a te , de f l e xe d , 7- 18 cm . l o n g by 5 mm . wi de , a pex n a rrow l ya c u te , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re c u rve d . Ma l e s tro b i l i re l a t i ve l y t h i c k , a bo u t4 mm. w i de by 5 nnn l o n g , 2 - 3 cm . l o ng a t ma tu r i ty , s ca l e s a c u te - a c um i na te .

Fema l e co ne b l u n t , s o l i ta ry i n the l e a f ax i l s ; pe d u n c l e s s l e nde r , 8- 16 mm .

l o ng ; re ce p ta c l e na r row , f l e s hy , 7-9 nnu l o n g , wh i te o r b l u i s h , s u b te nde d byl o n g bra c t s u p to 6» nnn l o n g , i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s 2 - 4 mm . l o ng . See d s s u b - e l l i p t i c a l ,

9- 10 mm . l o ng , 7-8 mm . w i de , a pex o b t u s e .

I ndo ne s i a : S uma tra , A tj e h a n d i n W . New Gu i nea , 2250- 3300 m. .

172 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

P . BORNEENSI S De La u b . Bo rnea n Podoberry=P . polys tachus va r . r i gi d u s Was sch.

A tree 2 - 23 m . ta l l . B u d 4 - 10 mm . l o n g by 2 - 3 mm . i n d i ame te r , a pex s p rea d i n g ;e x te r i o r s c a l e s l a n c eo l a te o r l i ne a r . Le a ve s t h i c k , l i ne a r o r o va te , ve ry r i g i d ,

4 cm . l o n g by 8- 13 mm . w i de , a pe x a c u te o r o b tu se , ke e l e d , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t ,

ma rg i n s no t pa ra l l e l . Ma l e s tro b i l i 3- 5 cm . l o n g by - 3 mm . w i de , s o l i ta ryo r i n 3 '

s , s e s s i l e o r o n a s ho r t ped u n c l e . Fema l e pe d u n c l e 2 nnn l o n g , i n vo l u c ra ll ea ve s 2 mm . l o ng , re ce p ta c l e 6 mm . l o n g . See d o vo i d , c re s te d , 6 mm . l o n g by5 mm . w i de .

Ma l ay s i a : Sa rawa k ; C . Sa ba h . Beratus Tawa i ; I n d o ne s i a : Bo rne o .

P . BRACTEATUS B l ume We s te rn Br i s t l e co ne Podoberry

A tree to 25 m . ta l l . Ba r k brown , s c a l y . Bra n c h l e t s ro u n de d , g roo ve d l o n g i tu dinal ly . Te rm i na l b u d s c a l e s a c u te . Fo l i a ge s pa r s e , sub-verti c i late a n d S p i ra l l ya rra n g e d . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s 24 cm . l o n g by 16- 22 mm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s th i c k ,

s u b fa l c a te , pro g re s s i ve l y a t te n u a te , 7- 16 cm . l o n g by 8- 13 mm . w i de , m i d r i bp rom i ne n t . Ma l e f l owe r bu d s re l a t i ve l y l a rge , o va te - a c u te , i mb r i ca te , mm .

l o n g . Ma l e s t robi l i s o l i ta ry , o vo i d , s u b s e s s i l e , o n a n e l o n ga te d s ca l y pe d u n c l ea t ma t u r i ty , 5- 10 cm . l o n g a t ma tu r i ty , pe n de n t . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , s o l i ta ry ,

pe d u n c l e 1- l .6 cm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e b l ue - b l a c k , 1 cm . l o n g , i n vo l u c ra ll e a ve s 3 mm . l o n g o r mo re . See d o vo i d o r e l l i p t i c , a pe x o b t u s e , b l ue - b l a c k ,

cm . l o n g .

I ndo n e s i a : N . S uma tra ; J a va ; C . Ce l e be s , to 1800 m. .

P . BRAS I L I E NS I S De L a u b . B ra z i l i a n Podoberry

A sma l l t ree 3- 15 m . ta l l , to 30 cm . i n g i r th , w i t h few a s ce nd i n g b ra n c he s .

Bu d s s em i - g l o bo s e , 3 mm. i n d i ame te r , a pex s tra i g h t , s c a l e s a c u te - tr i a n g u l a r .

Lea ve s l i n e a r , broa d l y a c u te o r ro u n de d , na rrow i n g a t the ba se to the pe t i o l e ,

5- 8 cm . l o n g by 9- 12 mm . w i de , kee l e d a bo ve , m i d r i b prom i ne n t be l ow , s omewh a tg l a u co u s , a pe x ro u n d o r sub- a c u te . Fema l e c o ne o n a ped u n c l e 5 nnu l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e 6 mm . l o n g , w i t h 2 b ra c ts . See d s g l o b u l a r , to 6 11m. l o n g by 5 mi .

w i de , greni sh- b rown .

Ve ne z ue l a : G u i n a H i g h l a n d s ; E . Bra z i l , Ro n do n i a Te rr i to ry , Ma to G ra s s o ,

h i g h a l t i t ude .

P BRASSI I Pi lg . B ra s s Podoberry

A tree 10- 12 m . ta l l , w i t h de n s e , who r l e d b ra nc he s . Ba r k f i s s u re d , pa l eg ray - brown . Te rm i na l b u d g l o b u l a r , 8 nnn l o n g ; s ca l e s ke e l e d , o va te - l a n ceo l a te .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l a n ceo l a te ,- 4 cm . l o ng . Ad u l t l ea ve s t h i c k , l e a the ry ,

l a n ceo l a te , l - l .8 cm . l o n g by 5- 7 mm . w i de , s h i ny g ree n , pa l e r be l ow , ma rg i n sre vo l u te , m i dr i b p rom i ne n t , a pe x o b tu s e , pe t i o l e s ho r t a n d w i de . Ma l e s tro b i l ia x i l l a ry , s o l i ta ry , cy l i nd r i ca l , s to u t ,

- 3 cm . l o n g by 3- 7mm. w i de , s c a l e so vo i d - tr i a n g u l a r , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a nce o l a te . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , sub

cy l i n dr i c , o n a pe d u n c l e 2- 9mm. l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2- 3 fu s e d bra c ts ,

5-9 mm . l o n g by 3-7 mm . w i de . See d o vo i d , o b tu se a n d o b l i q ue , lZ inn. l o n gby 6 mm . w i de .

New G u i ne a : La ke Ha b bema to M t . A l be r t Edwa rd , 3000- 3750 m. .

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174 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

P . CELATUS De L a u b . Mo ro Podoberry

A tree 6- 20 m . ta l l . J u v e n i l e l ea ve s l a n c eo l a te , to 18 cm . l o n g by 2 cm .

w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s o vo i d , s em i - l i nea r , a c u te , 5- 7 cm . l o ng by 1- l . 4 cm . w i d e ,

prom i ne n t l y g ro o v ed , no n - a c um i na te . Fema l e co ne o n a ped u n c l e 4 nnu l o n g ;rec e p ta c l e sma l l , 6 mm . l o n g . See d g l o bo s e , 9 mm . l o n g by 8 mm. i n d i ame te r

,

Mo ro ( ty pe ) .

P C H I N E N S I S ( Ro x b . ) Wa l l . e x Fo rb . C h i ne s e PodoberryP . ma c ro p h y l l u s va r . a ng u s t i fo l i u s B l ume

A sma l l tree to 18 m . ta l l . B ra n c h e s e re c t . J u ve n i l e l e a v e s g l a u co u s .

Ad u l t l e a ve s e rec t , l i nea r - l a n ceo l a te , 3 cm . l o n g by - 7 nnn w i de , m i d r i bprom i ne n t , a pe x o b t u s e , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e o r i ng ro u p s o f 3- 5, cy l i nd r i c a l , 3- 4 5 cm . l o ng by 2- 3 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry ,

pe d u n c l e 5- 11 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2- 3 b ra c t s , red b l oomed v i o l e t , w i t h1- 2 o v u l e s . Seed e l l i p t i c , 8- 10 mm . l o n g by 6- 7 mm . w i d e , g l a u co u s , c re s ted .

N . B u rma ; C h i na ; C . Ta i wa n ; S . J a pa n .

P CHINGIANUS ( G ray ) S . Y. Hu C h i ng PodoberryP . chingi i Gray ,

=P . ma c ro p h y l l u s v a r . ma k i S i e b . e x E n d l .

A sma l l c o l umna r tree to 8 m . ta l l , to 10 cm . i n g i rt h o r mo re . B u d s sma l l ,

co n i c a l ; s c a l e s 3 mm . l o n g , kee l e d . Lea v e s r i g i d , o v a l - l a n ceo l a te ,- 3 cm . l o n g

by 3- 4 nnn w i de , da r k g ree n a bo ve , ye l l ow i s h be l ow , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , ma rg i n ss omewh a t re vo l u te , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n c l u s te r s of 1- 3 , to

cm . l o n g a t ma t u r i ty , s c a l e s l o ng - t r i a n g u l a r . Fema l e co ne s ra re l y s ee n .

C h i na : Che k i a n g , C h i n g Ye a n S h u n a nd S . Kwa n g s i C h u a ng , to 100 m. .

P . CON F E RTU S De L a u b . S i l am Podoberry

A tre e 36-60 m . ta l l . B ud s o vo i d , 6- 10 mm . l o n g by 2 - 3 mm . w i de , s ca l e sl a n ceo l a te . Bra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h - brown . Lea ve s a c u te , l i ne a r - l a n c eo l a te , o l i veg ree n , ye l l ow o r pa l e r be l ow , 5- 12 cm . l o n g by 7- 11 nnu w i de , po i n t i ng fo rwa rd s ,

n a rrowed , pe t i o l e 1 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s t ro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n two s , s e s s i l e ,

3 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , a pe x o f m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l eco ne o n a pe d u n c l e 5- 13 mm . l o n g , re ce p ta c l e 8- 12 mm . l o ng , i n vo l u cra l l e a ve s5-6 mm . l o n g . Seed lO- ll mm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de , no t c re s te d .

Ma l ay s i a : Sa ba h , E . S l o pe o f Mt . S i l am ; Sa rawa k , dom i na n t i n Kerangas

fo re s t , to 550 m. .

P COR I AC E U S L .C. R i c h . Y a cca PodoberryP . co r i a c e u s va r . s u l c a t u s Pi lg .

A tree to 20 m . ta l l ,- 1 m . i n g i r th . Bra n c h e s a l te rna te , o ppo s i te o r

who r l ed . B ud s w i t h l o n g a c um i n a te s c a l e s . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s 4 - 22 cm . l o n g bycm . w i de . Ad u l t l ea ves th i c k , a l te rna te , l i nea r - l a n ceo l a te , a t te n ua te , fa l ca te ,

7- 17 cm . l o n g by 1 cm . w i de , m i d r i b prom i ne n t a nd w i t h a wea k ra i s edg roo ve , a pe x l o n g a nd o b tu s e , pe t i o l e 6- 12 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i a x i l l a ry ,

s o l i ta ry,

s e s s i l e , cy l i n d r i c a l , 6 cm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry ,

a x i l l a ry , ped u n c l e 7- 10 mm . l o ng ; re ce p ta c l e re d to b l u i s h , w i th 2 - 3 b ra c ts ,

6-7 mm . l o n g , o v u l e s o l i ta ry . See d o vo i d , 9 mm . l o n g by 6- 7 mm . w i de , w i th

S i l b a,

E n cy c l o pa ed i a C o n i fe rae 175

a d i s t i n c t o b tu s e c re s t .

P ue r to R i co ; Mo n t s e rra t ; G u a d a l u pe ; Dom i n i ca ; S t . Ki tt s ; Ma rt i n i q ue,

600- 762 m. .

P . COSTA L I S C . P re s l . Fo rmo s a n Podoberry

A sma l l t ree to 3 m . ta l l , w i t h de n s e bra n c he s . Bu d s o vo i d ; s c a l e s o b tu s e,

kee l e d , 2 mm . l o n g . Le a ve s th i c k , sub- l a n c eo l a te ,- 7 cm . l o n g by 7- 15 mm .

w i de , m i d r i b prom i n e n t , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re vo l u te , a pex o b t u s e o r ema rg i na te,

pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s t ro b i l i s e s s i l e , s o l i ta ry , 2 mm . l o ng,

cy l i nd r i c a l , s c a l e s o b t u s e . Fema l e co n e s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry , ped u n c l e 2 um. l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2 fu s ed bra c t s w i t h ro u nded t i p s , 7 nnn l o n g . Seed s e l l i p t i c

,

7-9 mm . l o n g , w i t h a n o b t u s e c re s t .

Ta i wa n : O rc h i d I s l a nd ; P h i l i p p i ne s : L u zo n , Po l i l l o I s l a n d s , to 300 m. .

P . CRASSI GEMMI S De L a u b . A s a ro Podoberry

A tree 4 - 38 m . ta l l . Bu d s t h i c k , g l o bo s e , 3-5 mm . l o n g by 4 -5 mm . w i de , s c a l e sa c u te a nd tr i a n g u l a r . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 16 cm . l o n g . Ad u l t l ea ve s th i c k ,

l e n t i c u l a te , 3- 11 cm . l o n g by - 12 mm . w i de , ma rg i n s re vo l u te , m i d r i b na rrowa nd fa i r l y p rom i ne n t , a pe x a c u te , pe t i o l e to 5 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ryo r i n two s , 3- 4 cm . l o n g by 5-8 mm . w i de ; a pex o f m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s e l o n g a ted ,

bro a d l y a c u te . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 5- 14 mm . l o n g ; re c ep ta c l e w i th 2b ra c ts , fe r t i l e b ra c t 10- 15 mm. l o n g , dee p re d to b l a c k , no t c re s te d , w i t h 2l i n e a r - l a n c eo l a te b ra c t s a t t h e ba s e o f the co ne to 2 mm . l o ng .

New G u i n ea : La k e Ha b bema to U ppe r A s a ro Va l l ey ( type ) , 1800- 3500 m. .

P C UN N I NG HAM I I Co l e n s o C u n n i ng h am PodoberryP . h a l l i i T . K i r k

A tree 8- 25 m . ta l l , w i t h s l e n de r , s omewha t d roo p i ng bra nc he s . Ba r k t h i n ,

pa pe ry , re d - b rown . Bra n c h l e t s b l a c k i s h - p u r p l e . Te rm i na l b u d o va l , s c a l e s o b tu sea nd s omewha t a p i c u l a te . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s 2- ra n ke d , 2 cm . l o n g by 4 -5 mm .

w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s brown i s h - g ree n , na rrowl y l i nea r , r i g i d , l ea t he ry , t h i c k ,

cm . l o n g by 1- 5 mm . w i de , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , a pex s ha rp l y a c u te , w i t ha s ho r t f l a t pe t i o l e . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s o f 2- 5, ped u n c l ere l a t i ve l y s ho rt . Fema l e c o ne s o l i ta ry o r i n two s , ped u nc l e 2- 3 mm . l o n g ;rece p ta c l e w i t h 2- 4 b ra c t s fu s ed a t th e ba s e , re d , s u b g l o bo se . Seed na rrow l yo vo i d , l - l . 2 cm . l o n g , a pe x a c u te , w i t h a c re s t .

New Ze a l a n d : Kai taia, N . I s l a nd to S tewa r t I s l a nd , mo n ta ne a n d s u ba l p i ne ,

to 950 m. .

P . DE C UMB E N S Gray De c umbe n t Podoberry

A de c umbe n t s h ru b to 40 cm . h i g h . Ba r k f i ne , re d - brown , ex fo l i a t i n g i nf i bro u s ba nd s . Te rm i n a l b u d s to 10 nnn l o ng , s c a l e s l a n c eo l a te . Lea ve sna rrow l y o bo va te , 5-8 cm . l o n g by 6-8 mm. w i de , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l eto 5 nnu l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e , 10- 30 mm. l o ng by 3 mm . w i de ;m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s sma l l , tr i a ng u l a r . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , pe d u n c l e to 6 nm.

l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i th 3- 4 bra c t s , 6-7 mm . l o n g , a c c ompa n i ed by 2-3 l i nea rs ca l e s 3- 4 mm. l o n g by 1 mm . wi de . Seed s o vo i d , 6- 7 mm . l o ng by 4 mm . wi de ,

c re s ted .

S . New C a l e do n i a , type from M t . des So u rce s , 800- 1000 m. .

176 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I1986

P . DEFLEXUS R i d l ey Ma l ays i a n Podoberry

A sma l l tree 5- 12 m . ta l l , w i t h ro b u s t , w ho r l e d bra n c he s t h a t o f te n s prea da t r i g h t a n g l e s to t he t r u n k . Ba rk g ray - b row n , s ha l l ow l y f i s s u re d . B ud s g l o bu l a r

,

cm . l o n g , s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r a n d re f l e x ed . Lea ve s de n se l y a rra nge d a t t i ps o fbra n c h l e t s , s tro n g l y de fle xed , th i c k a n d r i g i d , l i ne a r - l a n ceo l a te , 10 - 27 cm . l o n gby 7- 12 mm. w i de , br i g h t g ree n , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , ma rg i n s re c u rve d

,pa l e a n d

c ha n ne l e d be l ow , a pex b l u n t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n th ree s , g l o bu l a r,o n a

s ho rt pe d u n c l e . Fema l e co n e s o l i ta ry , a t t i p s o f b ra nc h l e t s , ped u n c l e 9- 15 mm .

l o n g ; rec e p ta c l e to 8 mm . l o n g , g l a u co u s . See d s 1- 2 pe r co ne , o bo vo i d , cm .

l o n g by 8- 9 mm . w i de .

Ma l ay s i a : Ma l ay Pe n i n s u l a , Pa h a n g , G u n o n g Ta ha n , 1650- 2300 m. .

P DEG E N E R I ( Gray ) De L a u b . De ge ne r PodoberryP . neri i fol ius va r . dege ne r i G ray

A s h r u b o r a sma l l t ree 3- 25 m . ta l l , to 50 cm . i n g i r t h o r mo re . Bra n c he ss pa rs e a n d s u b ve r t i c i l l a te , d roo p i n g . B u d s l a rg e , o vo i d , a pex a c um i n a te tol o n g - a t te n u a te . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 18 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Ad u l t l ea ve sna rrow l y a c um i na te , 5 cm . l o n g by 6- 10 mm. w i de , s h i ny , pe t i o l e s ho rt .

Ma l e s tro b i l i a x i l l a ry , cy l i n d r i c a l , 3 cm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , s u rro u n de da t t h e ba s e by n ume ro u s b roa d l y o v a te s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne o n a s l e n de rpe d u n c l e 7- 12 mm. l o n g ; re c e p ta c l e w i t h fu s ed b ra c t s , 8 mn. l o n g , w i t h sma l l ,

s p rea d i n g fre e t i p s , br i g h t re d ; o v u l e s 1- 2 ; i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s 4 - 10 mm . l o n g .

S ee d s e l o n ga te d , 9- 12 mm . l o n g by 5 mm . w i de , b l u n t l y c re s te d .

F i j i : V i t u Lev u , Na u s o r i H i g h l a n d s , d ry fo re s t , 40-900 m. .

P . D I SPERMUS W h i te A the r to n Podoberry

A tre e - 18 m . ta l l , to cm . i n g i r t h o r mu c h mo re . Ba rk l i g h t b rowni sh- g ray , s l i g h t l y f l a ky . B u d s sma l l , 6 mm . l o ng . Lea ve s b roa d ly l i ne a r tona rrow l y l a n c eo l a te , da r k s h i ny g ree n , a c u te , cm . l o n g by 2 - 3 cm .

w i de , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s h o r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e ,

1- 3 pe r c l u s te r , 3 cm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , o n a pe d u n c l e5- 15 mm . l o n g ; w i t h a ve ry f l e s hy c h e r ry - re d o r s c a r l e t re ce p ta c l e , re ce p ta c l ew i t h 2 sma l l , de c i d uo u s b ra c ts . See d s e l l i p s o i d , cm . l o n g by 8 mm . w i de ,

u s u a l l y i n pa i rs , b l u i s h - g re e n .

A u s tra l i a : N. E . Q uee n s l a n d , A the r to n Ta b l e l a n d , ra i n fo re s t .

P . DROUYNIANUS F . Mue l l . Drouyn Podoberry

A s h r u b o r sma l l tree 1- 2 m . ta l l , w i t h e re c t b ra n c he s . Ba r k g ray - b rown ,

s c a l y . B u d s o vo i d , 5 inn. l o n g , s c a l e s a t te n u a te . Le a ve s gra s s - l i ke , g ree n ,

l i n ea r , s p i ra l l y a r ra n g e d , cm . l o n g by 2 . 5» nnu w i de , g l a u co u s be l ow ,

m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , ma rg i n s s tro n g l y re c u rve d , s h a rp l y a c u te , ba s e b ro a de ne d .

Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a pe d u n c l e 10- 25 mm . l o n g , s o l i ta ry o r i n sma l l g ro u p s ,

6- 13 mm . l o ng by 4 mm . wi de . Fema l e c o ne s o l i ta ry , o n a s l e nde r pe du n c l e ;re c e p ta c l e 13- 25 mm. l o n g , w i t h 2- 3 b ra c t s , ro u n de d a t t he a pex , wa xy , p u rp l e .

See d to 19 nnn l o ng , no t c re s ted .

A u s tra l i a : S .W. We s te rn A u s tra l i a , Wa rre n D i s tr i c t , Ma n j i mu p .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

178 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . GLA UC US Foxw. B l ue Podoberry

A s h r u b o r t ree 5- 17 m . ta l l , w i th de n s e , tw i s te d , who r l ed b ra n c he s . Ba r kco l o red . B ud s sma l l , e x te rna l s c a l e s 3 mm . l o n g , w i th a n a c um i na te a pe x . J u ve n i l efo l i a ge g l a u c o u s . Ad u l t l e a ve s e re c t , c rowde d , t h i c k , r i g i d , o b l o n g - l a n c eo l a te ,

1 cm . l o n g by -6 nnn w i de , pa l e g ree n , m i d r i b prom i ne n t , ma rg i n s rec u r ve d,

a pex o b tu se a nd u s u a l l y a p i c u l a te ; pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y i n d i s t i nc t , 1- 2 mm . l o n g .

Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i nd r i c a l , s o l i ta ry , 1- 3 cm . l o n g by - 6 mm . wi de , s tame n sd e n s e l y i mb r i c a te . Fema l e co ne so l i ta ry , o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e to 6 mm . l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e w i th 2 c u rve d bra c ts , 9 mm . l o n g . Seed s o vo i d , cm . l o n g by 6 nnrw i de , w i t h a b l u n t , o b l i q ue a pe x .

W. Phi l l i pines ; I n do ne s i a : E . Ce l e be s ; New Gu i n e a ; So l omo n I s l a nd s,to

2400 m. .

P . G LOBU L U S De L a u b . S a ba h Podoberry

A tree - 27 m . ta l l . B ra n c h l e ts s omewh a t d roo p i n g , g ree n i s h - brown . Bu d sg l o b u l a r , 2 - 3 mm. l o n g by 2 - 3 mm. w i d e . Lea ve s l i ne a r , cm . l o n g by 9- 15

mm . w i de , a pe x a c u te o r ro u n de d , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , b roa d l y o va l , o l i ve - g re e n,

ye l l ow i s h be l ow , pe t i o l e 3- 5 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s t ro b i l i s e s s i l e o r o n a s ho r tpe d u n c l e to 1 mm . l o n g , s o l i ta ry o r s ome t i me s i n th ree s , cm . l o n g by3- 4 mm . w i de ; a pe x o f m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s t r i a ng u l a r . Fema l e co n e o n a pe d u nc l e3- 4 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e 9 mm. l o n g ; i n vo l u c ra l l ea ve s 2 mm . l o n g . See d 9 nnul o n g by mm. w i de , w i t h a s ho r t c re s t .

Ma l ay s i a : C . S a ba h , M t . S i l am ; M. E . Sa rawa k , to 853 m. , o n mo s sy fo re s t r i d ge ,

ra re .

P . GL OM E RATU S D . Do n e x Lam b . H ua n u co Podoberry

A s h r u b o r sma l l tree 9- 12 m . ta l l , w i t h who r l e d b ra n c he s . Ba r k smoo th ,

da r k ye l l ow- brown . B ud s s u bg l o bo s e , 7 nnn l o n g ; s c a l e s l a n ceo l a te , a c um i n a te ;a pe x e re c t . Lea ve s e re c t , s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , t h i c k , 2-5 cm . l o n g by 2 -5 mm .

w i de , l i nea r- l a n c eo l a te , br i g h t g ree n , ve ry g l a u co u s be l ow , b ro a d l y l i ne a r ,

m i d r i b no t p rom i ne n t , ma rg i n s re vo l u te , a pex s ha rp l y a c u te , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l ys ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 6, o n s l e nde r pe d u n c l e s 8- 12 mm . l o n g ,

cy l i ndr i c a l , 6 mm . w i de by 15 mm. l o n g , s ca l e s i m br i c a te . Fema l e co ne se s s i l e ,

pe d u n c l e 3- 5 mm . l o ng ; re c e p ta c l e 5-6 mm . l o n g , f l e s hy . See d 6-8 inn. l o n g ,

u s ua l l y w i t ho u t a c re s t .

Pe ru : Hu a n u co - pa n a o ; N.C. Bo l i v i a , 2500- 4000 m. .

P . GNI DI OI DES C a rr . New C a l e do n i a n Podoberry

A de c umbe n t s h ru b to 2 m . ta l l . Ba r k th i n , f i bro u s , re d - brown . Tenninal b u d ss omewha t g l o bo s e , 1 mm . l o ng by 2 mm . wi de , s ca l e s kee l e d . Le a ve s de n s e l ya rra n ge d , l i ne a r , g l a u c o u s be l ow , 8- 22 mm . l o ng by 2 mm . w i de , ma rg i n sre vo l u te , a pex o b tu s e , w i t h a s h o r t pe t i o l e . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , o n ape d u n c l e 2-4- nnn l o n g , co ne 8- 14 ' nu l o n g by 2 mm. w i de , w i t h o b tu s es c a l e s a t the ba s e . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n a pe du n c l e 1 mm . l o ng ;re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2 b ra c t s , 3-7 nnu l o n g , br i g h t re d . Seed o vo i d , 6-7 mm . l o n gby mm . w i de , w i th a r i g i d s u rfa ce a n d a n e re c t c re s t .

S . New C a l edo n i a : M t . H umbo l d t to M t . des So u rce s , 400-1600 m. .

S i l b a,

E n cy c l o pa ed i a C o n i fe ra e 179

P . GRAY I De L a u b . C a pe Yo r k Podoberry

A tree to 20 m . ta l l , to 35 cm . i n g i r th o r mu c h mo re . Ba r k b rown , f i bro u s .

Bra n c h l e t s g roo ve d . Bu d s g l o bo s e to o vo i d , s omewha t p u be s ce n t , 2 - 3 mm . l o n gby 2 - 3 mm . w i de , s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , da r k b rown , e dge s fr i n ge d ; e x te r i o r s c a l e ssomewh a t c u rved a t th e a pe x , c l o s e l y i mbr i c a te . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l i ne a r - l a n c eo l a te ,

16- 23 cm . l o ng by 14 - 19 mm. w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s l i n ea r - l a n ceo l a te , b l u n t l y a c u te,

9- 18 cm . l o n g by 8- 14 mm . w i de , s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , m i d r i b w i de ned , g ray - gree n,

brown i s h u n de r nea t h w i t h l o n g i t ud i n a l s tre a k s , a pe x a c u te to b l u n t l y a c u te,

pe t i o l e tw i s te d a nd 4 - 10 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i se s s i l e o r o n a pe d u n c l e 1 mm .

l o n g , 1- 4 pe r c l u s te r , 2 - 3 cm . l o n g by 3- 4 mm . w i de , a pex o f m i c ro s po ro p hy l l str i a n g u l a r . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 6- 8 mm . l o n g ; re ce pta c l e o b l o n g , 9- 12 mm .

l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s 1 mm . l o n g . Seed s globular ,b1ack w i tha g l a u c o u s b l oom , 10- 12 mm . l o n g by 7-9 mm . w i de .

A u s tra l i a : N . Q ue e n s l a n d , An n a n R i ve r , to 400 m. .

P . GUATEMALENSI S S ta n d l ey Guatemalen Podoberry- P . uatemalens i s v a r . all ieni i ( S ta n d l . ) Bu c h h . et Gray ,

=E, guatemalens i sva r . p i n e to rum ( Ba r t l . ) B u c h h . et G ray

A tree to 20 m . ta l l , w i t h u pr i g h t bra n c he s a nd a s prea d i n g c rown . Ba r k s moo t h ,

re d - b rown , s c a l y . B u d s ovo i d , s c a l e s a p i c u l a te a n d broa d l y o va te . J uve n i l el ea ve s 14 cm . l o n g by l - l . 2 cm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s l a nc eo l a te , 10 cm . l o ng by1 cm . w i de , w i t h a d i s t i n c t b l u n t r i d ge o n the m i d r i b a bo ve , n a rrowe d a t thea pe x . Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i nd r i c a l , a x i l l a ry , o n 2 yea r o l d b ra n c h l e ts . F ema l eco ne a x i l l a ry , pe d u n c l e 4 -6 mm . l o n g , re ce pta c l e 6-7

'

nnu l o n g . See d e l l i p s o i d ,

8 mm . l o ng , w i th a d i s t i n c t , sma l l co n i c a l c re s t .

G u a tema l a ; Br i t i s h Ho n d u ra s ; P a n ama ; W . Co l umb i a ; N . Ve ne z ue l a , 400-700 m. .

P HENKELLI I S ta p f . Henkel l PodoberryP . ens i sculus Melv.

A tree 30- 35 m . ta l l , w i th pe nde n t bra nc he s . Ba rk da r k g ray , ex fo l i a t i ng i nl o n g s tr i p s . Lea ve s o p po s i te o r s u bo p po s i te , fa l c a te , da r k g ree n a bove , 7-12 cm .

l o n g by 8- 13 mm . w i de , w i t h 20- 35 l i ne s o f s toma ta be l ow , g l a u co u s - g re e n ,

m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , a pe x a t te n u a te , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s h o r t . Ma l e s tro b i l is o l i ta ry o r i n pa i r s , cm . l o n g , po l l e n g ra i n s 33- 42 m i c ro n s i n d i ame te rFema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry , o n a ped u n c l e 7 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2bra c t s , g l a u co u s g ree n . Seed s g l o bo se , g l a u co u s - g ree n , cm . l o n gby l . 4 cm . w i de , t h i c k - s he l l e d .

E . So u th Afr i c a : Na ta l ; E . Ta n ga ny i k a , h i g h l a n d s , 1900- 2000 m. .

P . HI SPANIOLENSI S De L a u b . H i s pa n i o l a Podoberry

A tre e to 10 m . ta l l , to 1 m . i n g i r th . Bu d s g l o bo se , 2 mm . w i de by2- 3 mm . l o n g , w i t h i mb r i c a te s c a l e s . Lea ve s l i nea r - e l l i p t i c ,

-8 cm . l o n gby 6- 11 mm. w i de , n a rrow i n g a t t he a pe x , m i d r i b prom i ne n t , pe t i o l e 1-3 mm. l o n g .

Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e , s o l i ta ry . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u nc l e 7 mm . l o ng , co ne7

'

nnn l o n g by 4 mm. w i de , w i th a d i s t i n c t a p i c a l c re s t ; re c e p ta c l e 8 mm . l o n g,

re d . Re l a te d to E, purdieanus .

Dom i n i ca n Re p u b l i c : Pe ra v i a Pro v i n ce , Na c i m i e n to de l R i o Ma homa ; L a Veg aPro v i n ce , La Sa l , 800- 1100 m. , h um i d fo re s t .

180 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . HUMBERTI I De L a u b .H um be r t Podoberry

A sma l l tree 3- 15 m.ta l l

.J u ve n i l e l ea ve s 25 cm . l o n g by 8 mm . w i de . Ad u l t

l e a ve s o va l , tw i s te d , b l u n t l y a c u te , 8- 12 mm. l o n g by -5. 51 nnu w i de , ma rg i n s_

re vo l u te a n d re c u r ve d,m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i

cy l i nd r i c a l , s o l i ta ry o r i n pa i rs , 8- 20 mm. l o n g by - 3 nm. w i de , o n a

ped u n c l e 3- 6 mm.l o n g ; a pe x o f m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a ng u l a r . Fema l e co n e o n

a pe d u n c l e 2 - 3 mm.l o n g

,be a k - s ha ped ; e n l a rge d a t the ba se by 2 u ne q ua l bra c t s ,

3- 5 mm . l o n g . Seed 15 mm . l o n g by 8- 10 mm . w i de , c r i s ta te .

N. E .Ma da ga s c a r : Anj anahari be M ts . , W . An da pa , 1600- 2000 m. .

P . I N S U LA R I S De La u b . S u de s t Podoberry

A tree 3- 39 m . ta l l . B u d s - 3 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , a pe x s p rea d i n g ,

e x te r i o r s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r . Le a ve s l e n t i c u l a te , b l u n t l y a c u te , p a l e r be l ow ,

- 9 cm . l o n g by 7- 9 mm . w i de , e l l i p t i c , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , pe t i o l e tw i s ted .

Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r 2 - 3 i n a g ro u p , s e s s i l e o r o n a s ho rt pe d u n c l e ,

c o n e 3 cm . l o n g by 4 mm . w i de . Fema l e c o ne o n a pe d u n c l e 7- 10 mm . l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e 8- 10 mm . l o ng , w i t h 2 bra c t s ; i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s 2 inn. l o n g ; co neo vo i d , 9- 10 mm . l o n g by 6- 7 mm . w i de .

I n do ne s i a : S u de s t I s l a n d , Ta g u l a ; E . New Gu i ne a ; New He b r i de s .

P . LAMB E RT I I Klotz sch. ex E n d l . L ambe r t Podoberry

A l a rge tre e to 6 m . o r mu c h mo re , w i t h n ume ro u s , s u bve r t i c i l l a te b ra n c he s .

Fo l i a g e de n s e , Ta x u s - l i k e , e re c t . B u d s g l o bo se ; s ca l e s o vo i d , o b t u s e a t t hesmoo th ma rg i n s . Lea ve s n a rrow l y o b l o n g o r l i ne a r- l a n ceo l a te , b r oa d l y a c u te ,

- 4 cm . l o n g by 2- 4 mm . wi de , b r i g h t g ree n , pa l e a n d kee l e d be l ow , m i d r i bprom i ne n t , no n - re vo l u te , w i t h a co n t i n uo u s hypo de rm , a pex a c um i n a te . Ma l es tro b i l i n ume ro u s , a x i l l a ry , i n g ro u p s o f 3-6, a t t h e t i p of a ped un c l e5- 15 mm . l o n g , bra c t a t ba s e o f c o ne de c i d uo u s . Fema l e co n e s o l i ta ry , o n aped u n c l e 5- 8 mm . l o n g ; re ce pta c l e w i t h 2 fu s ed bra c ts a n d o ne free s ca l e ,

4 mm . l o n g . See d s o l i ta ry , g l o bo s e o r ne a r l y o b l o n g , 4 mm . l o ng by 4 mm . w i de .

E . A rge n t i na ; B ra z i l : Se r ra de S a n Ho s e ; C ampo s do Jo rda o , 500- 2300 m. .

P . LAT I FOL I U S ( Th u n b . ) R . B rown Ke nya Podoberry— P . mi lanj ianus Rendle ,

=P . ulgurens i s Pi lg . ,=P . leukel i i Ho r t .

A tree 30- 35 m . ta l l , to 3 m . i n g i r t h . Ba r k da r k g ray , f i bro u s , ex fol iat

i ng i n t h i n , l o n g s tr i p s . Bra n c h l e t s de n s e , s t i ff , e re c t . Bu d s o vo i d tog l o bo se , 5 mm . l o n g , brown . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 17 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de .

Adu l t l ea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n g e d , a l te r n a te , d a rk g ree n o r br i g h t b l ue - g ree n ,

o b l o n g o r l a n ceo l a te , m i d r i b prom i ne n t , ra re l y w i t h a few i s o l a te d s toma te sa bo ve ,

- 10 cm . l o n g by 5- 11 mm . w i de , ma rg i n s s omewha t re vo l u te , a pe xmu c ro n a te , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y S h o r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n pa i rs ,

cy l i nd r i ca l , s ta l k l e s s ,-5 cm . l o n g by - 5 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry ,

ped u n c l e 6- 13 mm . l o n g , w i t h 2 pa i r s o f s c a l e s w i t h fu se d bra c ts o n t herece p ta c l e ; re ce p ta c l e 8-14 mm . l o n g by 8- 14 m . w i de , g ree n tu r n i n g re d ,

no ta b l y s ce n te d . Seed s u bg l o bo s e , g l a u co u s - g ree n , 7- 13 mm . l o ng , s l i g h t l ya p i c u l a te a nd c u rve d a t t he a pex .

Came roo n ; S . S uda n ; Co n g o ; Za i re ; Ug a n da ; Ke nya ; Ta n ga ny i k a ; Ma l aw i ;R ho de s i a ; So u t h Afr i ca , 400- 1800 m. .

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182 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . L E V I S De L a u b . Mariatu Podoberry

A tree to 25 m . ta l l . Ba rk b row n , pee l i n g . Bu d s o vo i d , 4 mm. i n d i ame te r,w i t h

s prea d i n g s c a l e s . Lea ve s na rrow l y l a n ceo l a te , 10- 14 cm . l o n g by 10- 14 mm . w i de ,

u ppe r s u rfa ce smoo t h , m i d r i b wea k , w i t h co n t i n uo u s hy po de rm , a pex nar row l yro u nde d . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , cy l i n d r i ca l , 3- 4 cm . l o n g by 4 mm . i n d i a me te r

,

s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s mo re o r l e s s o ve r l a p p i n g . Fema l e co n e o n ape d u n c l e 7 mm . l o n g ; re c e p ta c l e 5-6 mm . l o n g , w i th 2 b ra c t s , re dd i s h

,s ca l e s

swo l l e n , bra c t a bo u t tw i c e t he s i z e o f P . rumphi i ; bea r i n g 1- 2 o v u l e s . See d s to8 mm . l o n g .

I ndo n e s i a : E . Bo rneo ; Ce l e be s ; Mo l u c c a s ; New G u i n ea , ty pe from Japen I s l a n d,

We s t I r i a n , 200- 700 m. .

P . LONGI FOLI OLATUS Pi lg . Mo u Podoberry

A tre e 10- 20 m . ta l l . Ba rk da r k b rown , f i b ro u s , p l a te - l i ke o r i n ba n d s . Te rm i n a lb ud s g l o bo s e , 10 mm . l o n g by mm . i n d i ame te r , s c a l e s l a n ce o l a te . J u ve n i l el ea v e s 14 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . A d u l t l e a ve s l i ne a r , b r i g h t g ree n , a tte n ua tea t th e ba s e , 6- 8 cm . l o n g by 7- 8 mm . w i de , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l e to 10 mm .

l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n t h ree s , s e s s i l e o r o n a pe d u n c l e 5 mm . l o n g ;co n e cm . l o n g by nnr i n d i ame te r ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a rFema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 9- 17 mm . l o n g by 1- 2 mm . w i de ; re ce pta c l e w i t h 3- 4

b ra c t s , ea c h b ra c t 8 mm . l o n g , s ca l e s l a nc eo l a te a n d -5 mm . l o n g . See d s 2 pe rco ne , o bo vo i d , 8-9 mm . l o n g by 5- 7 mm . i n d i ame te r , c re s te d .

New Ca l e do n i a , a l o n g th e c o a s t s , ty pe ne a r M t . Mo u , 1100- 1450 m. .

P . LOPHATUS De L a u b . Ta p u l a o Podoberry

A sma l l tre e . B u d s sma l l , a bo u t 3 mm . l o ng a n d 2 nnu i n d i ame te r , s c a l e sl a n c eo l a te a n d s l i g h t l y s prea d i n g a t t he a pe x . Le a ve s de n s e l y c rowde d , s omewha tl ea t he ry , l o n g - e l l i p t i c a l , a c u te , to 3 cm . l o n g by 5 mm . w i de , s l i g h t l y re vo l u te ;m i d r i b ma r ked by a S h a rp na rrow r i b o n t he u p pe r s u rfa ce , mo re broa d l y a n da l mo s t i nd i s t i n c t be l ow ; n a rrowe d a t th e ba s e to a s ho rt pe t i o l e a bo u t 2 mm . l o n g .

Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e a bo u t 5 NHL l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e fo rme d o f 2 e n l a rge dfu s ed b ra c t s , s l i g h t l y s prea d i n g a t th e a pex , t he fe r t i l e b ra c t o n l y s l i g h t l ys ho r te r . Seed g l o bo s e , a bo u t 7 mm. l o n g by 4 mm . i n d i ame te r , ta pe r i ng to t h ea pe x to a d i s t i n c t cre s t .

P h i l i pp i ne s : L u zo n , Zamba l e s P ro v i n ce , Mt . Ta p u l a o , to 1800 m. .

P . LUCI ENI I De La u b . L u c i e n Podoberry

A d i oe c i o u s tre e to 12 m . ta l l . Ba r k l i g h t brown , t u rn i ng g ray , w i th l o n g i tudinal f i s s u re s . Bra n c h l e t s s u bve r t i c i l l a te , 2 nnu i n d i ame te r . B ud s o vo i d ;w i t h i mb r i c a te , ke e l ed , ova te - o b tu s e s c a l e s . J u ve n i l e l e a v e s to 17 cm . l o n gby 2 cm . wi de , o b tu s e . Ad u l t l e a ve s S p i ra l l y a r ra nge d , l i nea r - o b l o n g , 7- 11 cm .

l o ng by 10- 14 mm . w i de , l u s t ro u s g ree n , w i t h a n o b t u s e a pe x a nd a s ho rt pe t i o l e .

Ma l e s tro b i l i i n th ree s , o n a ped u n c l e 2 mm . l o ng . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry ;re ce p tacle 9-11 mm . l o n g w i t h 2 u ne q u a l , co a l e s ce n t b ra c ts o r s c a l e s ; ped u n c l e12 - 17 mm . l o ng . Seed s e l o n ga te d , to 15 mm . l o n g by 10 mm . w i de , w i t h a sma l lc re s t .

S . New Ca l edo n i a : Mt . Pa n i e , ty pe nea r R i v i e re B l e ue , 220-900 m. .

S i l b a,E n cy c l o p a e d i a C o n i fe ra e 183

P . MA C ROCA R P U S De L a u b . B i gcone P h i l i p p i ne Podoberry

A tre e 10- 20 m . ta l l . B ud s g l o b u l a r to cy l i n d r i c a l , 3 mm . l o n g by 2 - 4 mm . i nd i ame te r ; s c a l e s tr i a ng u l a r , s l i g h t l y s p rea d i n g . Lea ve s th i c k , l i nea r - l a n ceo l a te

,

8- 15 cm . l o n g by 9- 14 mm . w i d e , m i d r i b p rom i n e n t , u p pe r hypo de rm nea r l y continous ,

a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l e a bo u t 6 mm . l o ng . Fema l e co ne ta ke s 2 yea rs to r i pe n ;o n a pe d u n c l e 3- 12 mm . l o ng; re ce p ta c l e p u rp l e , w i t h 2 e n l a rg e d u n i te d bra c ts

,

fe rt i l e bra c t 10- 12 mm . l o n g . See d g l o bu l a r , bu t d i s t i n c t l y ra i s e d a t the ba s eby a bro a d pe d u n c l e 2 mm . l o n g . Seed a bo u t 13 mm . l o ng by 10 mm . wi de

,a ba x i a l

s i de l e s s c u rve d .

P h i l i p p i ne s : L u zo n , Mt . P i co de Lo ro to M t . B i n ua n g , 50- 2040 m. .

P . MA C RO P H Y L L US ( Th u n b . ) Do n J a pa n e s e Podoberry=P . fo r re s t i i C ra i b . et Sm i th

A s h ru b o r tree 8- 20 m . ta l l , w i th n ume ro u s ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c h e s . Ba rk a s hyg ray , rug o s e , 6-8 cm . th i c k . B u d s c o n i c a l , s c a l e s a c um i n a te a nd re c u rve d . J u ve n i l el e a ve s to 17 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . A d u l t l e a ve s de n s e l y a nd s p i ra l l y a rra ng e d

,

t h i c k , l e a t he ry , l i ne a r - l a n ceo l a te , cm . l o n g by 6- 10 mm . w i de , br i g h tg ree n , g l a u co u s be l ow , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , a pe x o b tu s e . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f3-5, s e s s i l e , cy l i nd r i c a l , 3 cm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n a ped u n c l e13- 18 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2 - 3 b ra c t s , re d d i s h - p u rp l e , w i t h 2 ba s a l s c a l e s3- 4 mm . l o n g . Seed s o vo i d , a tte n ua te a t the ba s e , cm . l o n g by 7-8 mm .

i n d i ame te r , g l a u c o u s - g ree n , w i t h a s l i g h t c re s t .

S . Ja pa n : Mt . Maya ; C h i na : C he k i a n g , S zec h u a n a nd Y u n na n , 2500- 3500 m. .

P . MA DAGASCAR I E N S I S Ba ke r Ma da g a s ca r Podoberry

A sma l l py ram i da l tre e 4 - 13 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s bra n c h e s . Ba r k g ray ,

f i s s u red . B ud s g l o b u l a r , c omp a c t , 4 -6 mm . l o n g , w i t h ro u nded s c a l e s . Lea ve ss p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , na rrow , l i n e a r , 9- 12 cm . l o ng by 11- 12 rrm. w i de , re f l ex ed ,

pe nd u l o u s o n u p r i g h t s hoo t s , m i d r i b prom i ne n t , c ha n ne l ed o n the u p pe r s ur fa ce ,

ma rg i n s re vo l u te , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l e n a rrow . Ma l e s t ro b i l i o n ape d u n c l e 2- 3 mm . l o n g , i n g ro u p s o f 2 - 3 , 3-5 cm . l o ng by -5 mm . w i de . Fema l eco n e o n a pe d u n c l e l . 5- 4 cm . l o n g ; rece p ta c l e w i t h 3 b ra c ts , s prea d i n g a t th ea pe x , 4 -7 mm . l o n g . S ee d o vo i d , 2 cm . l o n g by 8 m . w i de , w i t h a sma l l c re s t .

E . Ma da g a s ca r , l o c a l , ty pe nea r Ra nome na , 800- 2400 m. .

P . MA DAGA SCAR I E N S I S v a r . P ROC E RUS De L a u b . Ma ha ta l a ky Podoberry

Lea ve s n a rrow , l i ne a r , 5- 13 cm . l o n g by 4 -6 mm . w i de , s tro n g l y ref l e xe d ,

pe nd u l o u s o n u p r i g h t s hoo ts , a pe x a c u te . Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a ped u nc l e 3 mm . l o ng ,

s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s o f 2- 3 , 3 cm . l o n g by 4 mm . w i de .

E . Ma da g a s c a r , ty pe nea r Fo r t Da u p h i n , Ma ha ta l a ky , l ow a l t i tude s .

P . MA DAGAS CA R I E N S I S v a r . ROTU N DUS L a u re n t Ts a ra ta n a na Podoberry

Te rm i n a l b u d s sma l l , 2 mm . i n d i ame te r . Lea ve s l a n c eo l a te , erec t no t pe nde n t ,

4 -7 cm . l o ng by mm . w i de , b l u n t l y a c u te . Ma l e s tro b i l i se s s i l e , so l i ta ry o ri n g ro u p s o f 2- 3 , cm . l o n g by 3- 4 mm . w i de . See d s re l a t i ve l y l a rg e , to cm .

l o n g .

N. E . Ma da g a s ca r , type nea r Ts a ra ta na n a , 1500- 2000 m. .

184 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

P. MAGNI FOL I US B u c h h . et G ray Larecaj u Podoberry

A tree 20- 25 m . ta l l , w i th de n s e , sub- e re c t bran c he s . B u d s c a l e s s ho r t l ya c um i na te . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 17 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s l ea t h e ry ,

e re c t o r s p re a d i n g , g re e n , pa l e r be l ow a n d w i th c ha n ne l e d ma rg i n s , l a n ceo l a te,

5- 12 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , m i d r i b d i s t i n c t l y g roo ved a bo ve , a pe x na rrow l yro u n de d to a c um i n a te , pe t i o l e 3 -5 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e , s o l i ta ry

,

a x i l l a ry , w i t h n ume ro u s s c a l e s , s tame n s w i t h a n o b t u s e - d e n t i c u l a te a pex . Fema l eco n e o n a pe d u n c l e to 12 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e na rrow , to 5 nnu l o n g . See d o vo i d

,

8 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de .

S . E . Ve ne z ue l a : Bo l i va r ; Bo l i v i a : Larecaj u P ro v i nce , 1580- 1600 m. .

P . MATUDAI L u n de l l Matuda Podoberry- P . matudai v a r . ma c ro c a rp u s B u c h h . et Gray ,

=P . rei chei B u c h h . et G ray

A l a rge tree to 20 m . ta l l o r mo re , to m . i n g i r t h . Ba r k g ray , fu r rowe d .

B ud s a t te n u a te , 4 - 10 mm . l o n g , re f l e x ed a t the a pe x , s c a l e s l a n c eo l a te . J u ve n i l el ea ve s to 16 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . A d u l t l e a ve s l e a t he ry , l a n ceo l a te , s omewha t fa l c a te , 4 - 9 cm . l o n g by l - l .6 cm . w i de , w i th a d i s t i n c t r i d ge a bo ve t hem i d r i b , a pe x a cute . Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e , cy l i n d r i c a l , 3 cm . l o n g by 4 nnr

w i de ; s u b te n de d a t the ba s e by broa d , ke e l e d , a p i c u l a te s ca l e s . Fema l e co ne o na pe d u n c l e 4 -6 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i th 2 fu s e d b ra c t s , 4 -6 mm . l o n g , a pe xo b t u s e . See d o vo i d , 8- 10 nnn l o n g by 7-8 mm . w i d e , w i t h a n o b s c u re , b l u n t c re s t .

Mex i c o : Ve ra C ru z ; P ue b l a ; C h i a pa s ; G ua tema l a : De p t . H ue h ue te na n go ,

1000- 3500 m. .

P . MI CROPEDUNCULATUS De L a u b . Ma r ud i Podoberry

A sma l l e re c t tree 1- 13 m . ta l l , o fte n re p ro d u c i n g by r h i zome s . B ra n c h l e t sye l l ow i s h - brown . B ud s 6- 15 mm . l o n g by - 3 mm . i n d i ame te r , e x te r i o r s ca l e sl a n ceo l a te , s c a l e s a t th e ba s e s p rea d i n g . Lea ve s l i nea r - a c um i na te , s p re a d i n g ,

8- 17 cm . l o n g by l - l . 5 cm . w i de , g ree n , ye l l ow i s h be l ow , a c u te , kee l e d , pe t i o l e3-6 mm . l o n g . Ma l e s t ro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r 3 pe r c l u s te r , o n a s ho r t pe d u n c l e o rs e s s i l e , cm . l o n g by mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne o n a pe du n c l e 1 nnn

l o ng ; re ce p ta c l e 8- 10 mm . l o ng , re d ; i nv o l u c ra l l ea ve s 3-4 mm. l o n g . Seedo vo i d , 8- 10 mm . l o ng by 6mm. w i de , s l i g h t l y c re s te d .

Ma l ay s i a : N.W. Sa ba h ; N . Sa rawa k , Ma r u d i Fo re s t Re se r ve , to 18 m . o r mo re .

P NAKAI I Haya ta Na k a i PodoberryP . ma cro p h y l l u s va r . nakai i ( Hay . ) L i et Ke n g

A tre e 10- 18 m . ta l l , to cm . i n g i r th . Ba r k g ray , g ro o ved . B ud s g l o bo s e ,

3 mm . l o n g . Bra n c h l e t s smoo th , fawn - b rown . Lea ve s e rec t o r S p re a d i ng , c rowdedi n t u fts a t t i p s o f b ra n c h l e t s , l i ne a r- l a nceo l a te , 5- 10 cm . l o ng by 8- 14 nnu

w i de , m i d r i b prom i n e n t , no n - re vo l u te , a pe x a c u te , pe t i o l e to 5 mm . l o n g . Ma l es tro b i l i cm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n a pe d u nc l e 2- 4 mm . l o n g ;rece p ta c l e red , 5- 12 mm . l o n g . See d g l o bo s e , o b l i q ue , 10 mm . l o n g by 8 mm . w i de ,

w i t h a l a rg e cre s t .

N . Ta i wa n : S h i n C h i k u Pro v i n ce , to 833 m. .

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186 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

w i t h 2 bra c ts w i t h a tr i a n g u l a r a pex , 7 mm. l o n g by 3 mm. w i de . Seed s s u b g l o bo se ,

9 mm . l o n g by 7 mm . w i de , w i t h a b l u n t c re s t .

S . C h i l e : Sa n t i a go : Arge n t i n a : Pa ta go n i a , 50- 780 m. .

P . OLEI FOLI US 0 . Do n ex L am b . O l i ve - l ea f Podoberry

A t u f te d tree w i t h de n s e b ra n c he s . Ba r k ye l l ow i s h - b rown . L ea ve s l a n ceo l a te,

a c u te , l ea the ry ,- 3 8 cm . l o n g by 4 - 6 mm . w i de , ve ry e n t i re , w i t h a s u n ke n

c ha n ne l o n the u p pe r s u rfa ce a l o n g th e m i d r i b , re f l e c te d o n the e dge s,s l i g h t l y

ta pe r i n g to the ba s e . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , cy l i n d r i c a l , s ta l k l e s s,to 25 mm

.

l o n g . Fema l e co ne wi th a f i l i fo rm pe d u n c l e to 19 nnr l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2bra c t s , o v a l , s o l i ta ry , mm . l o n g .

Re s tr i c te d to no r th ce n tra l Pe r u : Mo n zo n , to 2000 m. .

P . OLEI FOLI US va r . MACROSTACHYUS ( Pa r l . ) B u c h h . et Gray Ara g ua Podoberry— P . olei fol ius v a r . co s ta r i ce n s i s B u c h h . et Gray ,

= P . olei fol ius va r .

A tree 15- 28 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h . Ba r k red d i s h - g ray , f i b ro u s .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 15 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Ad u l t l ea ve s s p i ra l l y a r ra n ge d,

o b l a n ceo l a te o r o v a l , 2 - 5 cm . l o n g by 7- 12 mm . w i de , b ro a d l y a c u te o r o b t u s e ,

g roo ve d a bo ve , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re vo l u te , w i th a s h o r t pe t i o l e . Ma l e s t ro b i l io n a pe d u n c l e 3- 5 mm . l o n g , co ne cm . l o n g by mm . w i de ; mi crosporophyl ls broa d l y t r i a n g u l a r a t the a pex . Fema l e co n e o n a pe du n c l e 5 mm . l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e 12 mm . l o n g , re d d i s h , wi t h 2 - 3 u neq u a l b ra c ts . Seed s 10- 12 mm .

l o n g by 5- 6 mm. w i de , wi t h a d i s t i n c t o b t u s e c re s t .

Me x i co ; G ua tema l a : La t i n Ame r i c a ; Ve ne z ue l a ; E q ua do r ; N . Pe r u , 1700- 3200 m .

P . PA LL I D US G ray To ng a n Podoberry

A s h r u b o r sma l l tree to 6 m . ta l l , w i th who r l e d bra n c he s . B u d s n a rrow l yo vo i d , 2 mm . i n d i ame te r ; a p i c a l s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r , ke e l e d , 2 -6 mm . l o n g .

Fo l i a ge c l u s te re d a t e n d s o f b ra n c h l e t s . Lea ve s l a n ceo l a te , l i g h t g ree n ,

- 10 cm . l o n g by 6- 10 mm . w i de , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re vo l u te , a pe x a c u te o ra c um i na te a n d m u c ro na te o r a p i c u l a te , m i d r i b fa i r l y p rom i ne n t a n d broa de rbe l ow , pe t i o l e S ho r t a n d s to u t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e , to 12 mm .

l o n g by 4 mm . w i de . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n a pe d u n c l e 6- 15 mm . l o n g t h a ti s s to u t ; re c e p ta c l e f l e s hy , to mm . l o n g . See d s s omewh a t g l o bo s e ,

10- 12 mm . l o n g .

Po l y ne s i a : E . To n ga n I s l a n d s , ra i n fo re s t .

P PARLATOREI Pi lg . P a r l a to re PodoberryP . curvi fol ius Ca rr .

A tree o r S h ru b to 12 m . ta l l . Ba rk b rown , f i s s u re d . C rown w i th n ume ro u s ,

s ho rt bra nc he s , t r u n k o fte n bra n c he d from the ba s e . Bu d s g l o bo s e , s ca l e skee l e d a nd a p i c u l a te . Le a ve s o va te o r o b l o n g , l o n g - a t te n ua te , t h i c k , l ea t he ry ,

s h i ny a nd smoo th a bo v e , 3- 8 cm . l o n g by 2- 4 mm . w i de , ma rg i n s th i c ke ne d , a pexb l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 3-6, o n aped u n c l e 5- 10 mm. l o n g . s tame n s wi th a tr i a ng u l ar a pex . Fema l e co ne o n aped u n c l e 5-10 mm . l o n g , s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 3 fu s e d b ra c tsw i t h 1- 2 o v u l e s , 3- 4 nnu l o n g . See d s g l o b u l a r , 5-6 mm . l o n g by 4 -5 mm . w i de ,

w i t h a sma l l c re s t .

S . Bo l i v i a : Co c ha bamba ; N . Arge n t i na : Tu c uma n Pro v i n ce , 1000- 3000 m. .

S i l ba , E n cyc l o pa ed i a Co n i fe ra e 187

P . PENDULI FOLI US B u c h h . et G ray Ve ne z ue l a n Wee p i ng Podoberry

A sma l l t ree 6- 25 m . ta l l , w i th a ro u n ded c rown a n d w i th s to u t bra n c he s.

Ba r k re d d i s h - b rown , ro u g h . B ud s g l o b u l a r , w i th l a rge , ova l , kee l e d s ca l e s.

Lea ve s pe n de n t , t h i c k , br i g h t pa l e g ree n , fa l c a te - l a n c eo l a te , a c um i n a te,

5- 11 cm . l o n g by 7 mm . w i d e , w i th a ra i s e d g roo ve o n t he u p pe r s u rfa ce,ma rg i n s

swo l l e n a nd re vo l u te . Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e , cy l i n d r i c a l , 2 cm . l o n g by 6- 7 mm .

i n d i ame te r , w i th n ume ro u s bro a d l y o va te s c a l e s , s tame n s w i t h a n o b t u se a pex.

Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , o n a pe d u n c l e 7- 18 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e g l a u co u s , 12 - 14 mm .

l o n g . See d g l a u co u s - g ree n , g l o bo s e , w i t h a sma l l , b l u n t c re s t .

W . Ve ne z ue l a : Ta c h i ra ; Me r i d a , 1800 - 3000 m. .

P . PI LGERI I Foxw. P i l g e r Podoberry- P . wangi i C he n g

A sma l l tre e 2 - 15 m . tal l ,wi th s c a tte re d bra n c he s o r w i t h b ra nc he s i n who r l so f f i ve . Ba r k brown o r red - b rown . B ud s o vo i d , 3 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . i n d i a me te r ,

s c a l e s l a n c eo l a te a n d s l i g h t l y s prea d i ng . L ea ve s s c a t te red o r c l u s te re d a t e n d so f bra n c h l e ts , th i c k , l i nea r- lancolate ,

- 8 cm . l o n g by 4 - 12 mm . w i de , kee l e do r c ha n ne l ed be l ow , m i d r i b na rrow l y prom i ne n t , a pex o b tu se o r s ome t i me s a p i c u l a te .

Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s u b se s s i l e , cy l i n d r i c a l , l .5-5 cm . l o n g by 2- 4 mm . w i de ,

s tame n s tr i a ng u l a r a n d a p i c u l a te . Fema l e co n e s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry , o n a pe d u n c l e3- 13 mm . l o n g ; re ce pta c l e w i th 2 fu s e d b ra c t s , b l u n t a nd free a t the t i p s , 5- 12mm . l o n g by 3- 7 mm . w i de , s u b te n ded by 2 s tra p - s ha ped b ra c ts l . 5- 2 nnn l o n g ;g ree n a n d b l ue - b l a c k . See d e l l i p t i c - g l o bo s e , o b tu s e , g ree n , 8 mm . l o n gby 7 mm . w i de .

S . C h i n a : S . E . Y u n n a n ; I n do ne s i a : Ce l e be s ; New Gu i nea ; P h i l i pp i ne s ;So l omo n I s l a nds , 1400- 3000 m

P . POLYSPERMUS De La u b . Two - s ee d Podoberry

A tree 5- 15 m . ta l l . Ba r k b rown , f i bro u s , p l a te - l i ke . Te rm i n a l b ud 10- 15 mm .

l o n g ; s ca l e s l a n c eo l a te , e re c t . Lea ve s na rrow l y l a n c eo l a te , t h i c k , gray - g ree n ,

8- 12 cm . l o ng by 6- 8 mm . w i de , m i dr i b p rom i ne n t , a pex a c u te , pe t i o l e to 10 mm .

l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e , 2 cm . l o ng by -5 mm . w i de ;m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s l a n c eo l a te , a c u te . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 8- 11 mm . l o n gby 2 mm . w i de ; re c e p ta c l e da r k red , w i th 4 bra c ts , 10- 13 mm . l o n g ; i nvo l u c ra ll e a ve s to 5 mm. l o n g . See d s 2- 3 pe r co ne , nea r l y g l o bo s e , 8 m . l o n g by 6 rrm.

i n d i ame te r .

N . New Ca l edo n i a ; type nea r Me Ma oya , 650-900 m. .

P POLYSTACHUS R . B rown e x E n d l . I n do ne s i a n PodoberryP . l i tto ra l i s Teysm. ,

= P . theveti fol ia B l ume

A tree to 20 m . ta l l , w i t h a rounded, i rregular c rown , o fte n bra n c he d tot he ba s e . Bra nc h e s s h o r t a n d s u bv er t i c i l l a te o r i n gro u p s of f i ve . Bu d s co n i ca l ,

2-4 mm . l o n g ; s c a l e s a c u te , k ee l e d . Ba r k pa l e gray o r gray - b rown , f i s s u re d o rs ca l y . Le a ve s c rowde d a t e nd s o f b ra n c h l e ts , th i c k , r i g i d , mo re o r l e s s e rec t ,

l i ne a r- l a nceo l a te w i th pa ra l l e l ma rg i n s , 4 -8 cm . l o n g by 6- 12 mm . w i de , m i d r i bprom i ne n t , a pe x a c u te , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g rou p s o f 3-5,

se s s i l e , cy l i n d r i ca l , 2 cm . l o ng by - 3 mm . w i de , gree n i s h -wh i te ,

s u rro u nde d a t th e ba s e by sma l l s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n a pe d u n c l e3-6 mm . l o n g ; re c e p ta c l e w i th 2 fu sed bra c ts , da r k pu rp l e . See d s g l o bo s e o r

188 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

e l l i p t i c , 10 mm . l o ng .

5. T hai l a n d ; Mal ay s i a ; P h i l i p p i nes ; I n do ne s i a : Bo rneo ; W . New G u i nea,

50- 1000 m. , mo s t l y a t l ow a l t i t ude s

P . PSEUDOBRACTEATUS De La u b . E a s te rn B r i s t l e c o ne PodoberryP . archiboldi i va r . cras s i ramosus G ray , i n pa r t .

A sma l l t re e to 15 m . ta l l . B u d s e l o n ga te d , 5- 14 um. l o n g by 3- 5 mn. i nd i ame te r ; s c a l e s s p re a d i n g , l a n c eo l a te , to 1 um. th i c k . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s to 20 cm

.

l o n g by cm . w i de . A d u l t l e a ve s t h i c k , l a nc eo l a te o r l e n t i c u l a te, 6- 15 cm .

l o n g by 8- 12 mm . w i de , m i d r i b d i s t i n c t l y ra i s e d , pe t i o l e to 4 mm . l o n g . Ma l es tro b i l i s e s s i l e , s o l i ta ry , 4 cm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , ba s a l s c a l e s d i s t i n c t l ysma l l e r tha n th e u p pe r s c a l e s ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r , a pex to 1 mm . l o n g

.

Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 4 - 12 mm . l o ng ; re ce p ta c l e 7- 10 mm . l o n g , da rk red tonea r l y b l a c k , ba s a l b ra c t s 2 - 3 mm. l o n g . Se e d 10- 12 mm. l o ng by 7-9 mm . w i de ,

c re s te d .

W . New G u i nea to Pa p ua New G u i nea , ty pe from Ta r i , M t . Amb ua , 1700- 3500 m. .

P . PURDI EANUS Hoo k . P u rd i e Podoberry— P . jamai cens i s Ho r t . ex Go rd .

A tree to 40 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r t h , w i th s prea d i n g , who r l e d b ra n c he s .

Ba r k th i c k , g ray , fu rrowe d . B ra n c he s re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 11 5cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Ad u l t l e a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , subspathulate- lanceol a te , 4 - 10 cm . l o n g by 8- 16 mm . w i de , th i c k , s h i ny g ree n , br i g h t g ree n be l ow

,

ma rg i n s revo l u te , w i t h a r i dge a bo ve the m i d r i b , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te o r m u c ro n a teto a p i c u l a te , pe t i o l e s ho r t a n d broa d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry

,

cy l i n d r i c a l , cm . l o n g . Fema l e c o n e o n a pe d u n c l e 2 -4 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l ew i t h 2 fu s ed bra c t s , w i th a ke e l e d a pe x . See d s o b l o n g - o vo i d , 8 mm . l o n g by5 mm . w i de , w i th a short , coni ca1 , o b t u s e c re s t .

C . J ama i c a : Mo u n t D i a b l o , 732 - 1068 m. .

P . R I DL E Y I (Wassch. ) G ray R i d l ey Podoberry

A sma l l tree to 10 m . ta l l , w i t h s ho r t , de n s e , who r l e d bra n c he s . Ba r k i ns e ve ra l l aye r s o f l o n g , a d he re n t s c a l e s . Bu d s o vo i d , 13 mm . l o n g , s c a l e sa c um i na te a nd e l o n ga te d . Lea ve s th i c k , s t i ff , n a r row l y l i nea r - l a n ceo l a te

,

a c u te , tw i s te d , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , 10- 15 cm . l o n g by 9- 12 um. w i de , w i th 5va s c u l a r re s i n ca na l s i n t he tra n s ve r s e se c t i o n s , a pex e l o n ga te d o r a c um i n a te

,

pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i a x i l l a ry , s e s s i l e , w i t ho u t a s ca l ype d u n c l e , i n g ro u p s o f 2 - 3 , to 8 cm . l o n g by 4 mm . wi de a t ma tu r i ty , ex te r n a ls c a l e s kee l e d . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry , o n a pe du nc l e 9 mm . l o ng ;re ce p ta c l e re d , s u b te n de d by 2 s ho r t bra c ts th a t a re mm . l o n g ea c h .

Ma l ay s i a : Ma l ay Pe n i n s u l a , G u no n g Blumut , 1000 m. .

P . RORAI MAE Pi lg . Ro ra i ma Podoberry

A tree 6- 15 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s , de n se , s ho r t bra n c he s . Bu d s g l o b u l a r ,

ex tern a l s ca l e s l ea f - l i ke , e n l a rge d a t the ba se . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 3-6 cm . l o n g by6-8 mm . w i de . Ad u l t l ea ve s l ea t he ry , o va l to l a nceo l a te , br i g h t d a r k g ree n , d u l lg ree n be l ow , 1- 3 cm . l o n g by 4-6 mm . w i de , w i t h a d i s t i n c t g roove a l o n g a r i dgea bove t he m i d r i b , ma r g i n s s l i g h t l y re c urve d , a pex ro u n ded , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l ys ho rt . Fema l e co ne o n a pe d u n c l e 4 -5 mm . l o n g , re ce p ta c l e 6 m . l o n g by 4 m .

w i de . Seed s e l o n g a ted , 6 mm . l o n g by 4 nnn w i de , w i t h a sma l l r i dg e a n d a sma l l

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190 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

by 7- 11 mm . w i de .

C h i n a : Ha i na n ; Ma l ay s i a ; P h i l i p p i ne s ; I n do ne s i a , nea r sea l e ve l

P . RUSBYI B u c h h . et G ray B u s by Podoberry

A s h ru b o r a sma l l tree 6-8 m . ta l l . B ud s w i t h e l o n g a te d , a t te n ua te s c a l e s tomm . l o n g . B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h - g re e n . Lea ve s l e a t h e ry , l a n c eo l a te , t h i c k ,

wa vy , 2 cm . l o n g by 4 - 7 mm . w i de , g roo ve d o n t he m i d r i b , w i t h c o n t i n uo u su p pe r hypo de rm ; a pe x a c um i na te , da r ke ned ; pe t i o l e s ho rt , da rk e ne d . Fema l e co neo n a s ho rt pe d u n c l e 3- 4 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e 6- 7 mm. l o n g w i th 2 o v u l e s . See dto 7 nun l o n g , w i t h a n o b tu s e c re s t .

Bo l i v i a : Ma p i r i ; Cocopunco, h i g h , h um i d , fo g gy fo re s t , 3000- 3050 m. .

P SA L I C I FO L I U S Klotz sch et Ka r ts . V e ne z ue l a n W i l l ow - l ea f PodoberryP . p i t t i e r i B u c h h . et G ray

A tree to 10 m . ta l l , w i t h e l o n g a te d b ra n c h e s . Ba r k g ree n i s h . B u d s 5- 15 mm .

l o n g , w i th e l o n g a te d , a c um i na te s ca l e s . Lea ve s l i ne a r - l a n c eo l a te , ofte n pe nde n t ,

fa l c a te , 7-15 cm . lo ng by 8- 11 mm . w i de , th i c k , pa l e g ree n , f l a t , a pe x e l o ng a te da nd a t te n ua te , pe t i o l e w i t h a s l i g h t r i d ge . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e ,

cy l i n d r i ca l , 2 cm . l o n g , w i t h n ume ro u s i mb r i c a te s c a l e s . Fema l e c o ne o n aped u n c l e cm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2 - 3 fu s e d bra c t s , 6- 10 mm . l o n g by5- 7 mm. w i de , w i th o n e o v u l e . S eed b roa d l y o vo i d , 7- 12 mm . l o n g by 6-9 mm . w i de ,

w i t h a r i d ge o n t he ba c k a n d w i th a sma l l c re s t .

N . V e ne z ue l a : Ca ra c a s , 1400- 2100 m. .

P . SA L I GN US 0 . Do n ex Lamb . C h i l e a n W i l l ow- l e a f Podoberry

A tree 15- 20 m . ta l l , w i t h s l e n de r , d roo p i ng b ra n c he s . Ba r k red - b rown , pee l i ngi n p u rp l i s h o r g ray ve r t i ca l s tr i p s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s g l a u co u s . Bu d s sma l l , o vo i d

,

s c a l e s e l o ng a te d a n d a t te n u a te . Ad u l t l ea ve s na rrow l y l a n c eo l a te , s omewh a t fa l c a te,

5- 12 cm . l o n g by 3-8 mm . w i de , w i l l ow - l i ke , br i g h t d a r k g ree n to g ray g ree n , w i tha na rrow ra i s ed m i d r i b a bo ve , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e

,

a t t i p s o f bra nc h l e t s , i n sma l l g ro u p s , d ro o p i n g , cy l i n d r i ca l , 2 cm . l o n g by1- l . 5 mm. w i de . Fema l e c o ne s o l i ta ry , ax i l l a ry , o n a pe d u n c l e 8-20 mm . l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e 6-8 mm . l o n g , w i t h 1- 2 o v u l e s a nd 2 - 3 fu s ed bra c t s ; da rk v i o l e t o rb l a c k . Seed so l i ta ry o r i n pa i rs , o b l o n g , g ree n o r da r k v i o l e t , 5-8 mm . l o n g by3 mm. w i de , w i t h a p rom i ne n t b l u n t c re s t .

S . C h i l e : Ma u l e to Va l d i v i a , to 900 m. .

P . SALOMONI ENSI S Wassch. So l omo n I s l a n d s Podoberry

A tree to 20 m . ta l l , w i t h r i g i d , s p re a d i n g , pe n de n t bra n c he s . Ba r k pa l eb rown , f i s s u re d a nd s c a l y . Bu d o vo i d , 11 mm . l o ng ; s ca l e s e l o n g a ted , a t te n ua tea n d kee l e d . Le a ve s s p rea d i n g , r i g i d , th i c k , l i nea r - l a n ceo l a te , 12—18 cm . l o n gby -9mm. w i de , m i dr i b prom i ne n t , b r i g h t gree n , p a l er be l ow , w i t h ex t rare s i n ca n a l s i n t he tra n s fu s i o n t i s s ue o n l y , ma rg i n s re vo l u te . ape x a c um i na te ,

pe t iole s ho r t a n d d i s t i nc t . Ma l e s t ro b i l i s o l i ta ry , 4 -5 mm . wi de , w i t h b ro a d l ytr i a ng u l a r s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n a ped u n c l e 10- 15 mm. l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e w i t h 4 dec u s sa te bra c t s , 8-9 nnn l o n g , s u b tende d by 2 ba s a l s ca l e s4 nnn. l o ng . Seed ro u n de d , e l o n g a te d , l l nun l o n g by 8 mm . w i de .

E . So l omo n I s l a n d s , S a n C r i s to ba l I s l a n d , Hinuahaoro, 400-900 m

S i l ba,E n cy c l o pa ed i a C o n i fe rae 191

P . SELLOWI I Klotz sch e x E n d l . Sellow PodoberryP . sellowi i v a r . a n g u s t i fo l i u s Pi lg .

A tree to 9 m . ta l l , w i th s u bo p po s i te o r s u bve r t i c i l l a te bra n c he s i n g ro u p so f 3—4 . B ud s w i t h e l o n ga ted a c um i na te s c a l e s . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s to 15 cm

.l o n g by

cm . w i de . Ad u l t l ea ve s t h i c k , l a n c eo l a te,l ea t hery

, 5- 10 cm . l o n g by5- 12 mm . wi de , w i th a s l i g h t r i d g e a bo ve the m i d r i b , a pex wi t h a s ho rt s p i ne

,

pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r 3- 6 i n a g ro u p , s u b s e s s i l e,

o n a ped u n c l e 8- 15 mm . l o n g , cy l i n d r i c a l , cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de,

s c a l e s o vo i d a nd ke e l e d . Fema l e c o ne a x i l l a ry , s o l i ta ry , o n a ped u n c l e 4 - 7 mm .

l o n g ; rec e p ta c l e w i t h 2 - 3 fu s ed b ra c t s , 5-8 mm . l o n g , w i th o ne o v u l e . See d sro u n d , e l o n ga ted , smoo t h , 7- 9 mm . l o n g by 5- 7 mm . w i de , w i t h a sma l l co n i c a lc re s t .

S . Bra z i l : Pa ra n a , Ro c a No va , 830- 900 m. .

P . SM I TH I I De La u b . Sm i t h Podoberry

A tree to 30 m . ta l l . Bra n c h l e t s d a r k g l a u co u s - b rown . B ud s g l o bo s e - o vo i d,ta n

,

2- 3 mm . l o n g , s c a l e s tr i a n g u l a r o r ro u n de d . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 16 cm . l o n g bycm . w i d e . Ad u l t l e a ve s b l u n t l y a c u te , o va te , 6- 11 cm . l o n g by l - l . 4 cm . w i de ,

g ree n , g l a u co u s be l ow , m i d r i b p rom i n e n t , pe t i o l e 2- 4 mm . l o ng . Ma l e s tro b i l io n a ped u n c l e 2-9 mm . l o n g , c o n e 3 cm . l o n g by 4 -6 mm . w i de , i n g ro u ps of1- 3 ; m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s s p rea d i n g , fa l c a te , e l o ng a ted . Fema l e co n e o n a ped u n c l e6- 9 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2 b ra c ts , 5-6 mm . l o n g ; w i th 1- 2 a p i c u l a te o v u l e s ;co n e 3 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de . Seed s g l o bo s e , 15 mm . l o n g by 10 mm . w i de ,

a pex a c u te .

A u s tra l i a : Quee n s l a nd , M t . Lew i s , 914 - 1000 m ra i nfo re s t .

P . SPATHOI DES De La u b . Ma l ay s i a n Br i s t l e co ne Podoberry

A tree 3- 20 m . ta l l . B ud s 2 -6 mm . l o n g by 2- 3 mm . i n d i ame te r , e x te r i o r s c a l e s

tr i a n g u l a r . Le a ve s l i ne a r , b l u n t , 5- 13 cm . l o n g by 8- 20 mm . w i de , a pex a c u te o rro u nded , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , ba s e a b r u p t l y a t te n ua te , pe t i o l e 3-5 mm . l o n g . Ma l es tro b i l i i n c l u s te r s o f 3 , o n a s ho rt ped u n c l e . Fema l e co ne o n a ped u n c l e 2 -6 mm .

l o n g ; rece p ta c l e 5 mm . l o n g ; i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s mm . l o n g . Seed 7 mm . l o n g by5 mm . w i de .

Ma l ay s i a : Ma l aya , G u no n g Led a n g ; I nd o ne s i a : Ke p u l a ua n Ta l a u d ; So l omo n I s l a n d s .

P . S P I N U LOSUS ( Sm i t h ) R . Brown e x M i r b . S p i ny - l ea f Podoberry

A s h r u b o r a sma l l t ree to m . ta l l , w i t h s c a t te red o r de n s e s ub ve r t i c i l l a tebra n c he s a nd yew - l i k e fo l i a ge . B ud s sma l l , s c a l e s tr i a ng u l a r . Lea ve s s p i ra l l ya rra ng ed , t h i c k

,l i nea r , 2 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , g ray - g ree n a bo ve ,

pa l e g ree n be l ow,a pex a c um i n a te w i t h a n e l o n g a te d s p i n e , pe t i o l e a b s e n t o r s ma l l

a nd tw i s ted . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 3-5, a x i l l a ry , 5-6 mm . l o n g , o n aped u n c l e l- 3 mm . l o n g . Fema l e c o ne o n a pe d u n c l e 10 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l e w i t h2- 3 fu s ed bra c t s , s u b te nde d by 2 s c a l e s , 1-4 mm . l o n g ; dee p p u r p l e , b l oome dg l a u co u s , ed i b l e . See d o vo i d , 8- 20 mm . l o ng by 7- 10 mm . wi de , w i t h a s to u t bea k .

A u s tra l i a : S . E . New So u t h wa l e s , s a n dy a rea s .

192 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . SPRUCEI Pa r l . C h i mbo ra zo Podoberry

A s h r u b o r a tree 7- 10 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s s ho r t bra n c he s . Ba rk red - b row n ,

e xfo l i a t i n g i n t h i n , l o n g s tr i p s . B ud s re l a t i v e l y l a rg e , g l o bo s e ; s c a l e s t h i c k ,

kee l e d , e x te rna l s c a l e s l a n c eo l a te . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s to 7 cm . l o n g . Ad u l t l ea ve st h i c k , broa d l y l i ne a r , l i nea r - e l l i p t i c , d a r k d ee p g ree n ,

- 4 cm . l o n g by 3

mm . w i de , w i t h a r i d ge a bo ve the m i d r i b , nonglaucous be l ow , ma rg i n s re vo l u te,

w i t h i n te rr u p te d hypode rm , a pex w i t ho u t a p r i c k l e , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t.

Ma l e s t ro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 6- 10 , a x i l l a ry , cm . l o n g , o n a pe d u n c l e1 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . i n d i ame te r , a pe x o f s tame n s o b t u se

,b ra c t s be l ow co n e

a re pe rs i s te n t . Fema l e co n e a x i l l a ry , o n a pe d u n c l e 7- 10 mm . l o n g ; re ce p ta c l eg l a u co u s ; co ne 1 2- l . 4 cm . l o n g . Seed s g l a u c o u s - g ree n , g l o bu l a r

,w i th a sma l l

b l u n t c re s t .

w . E q ua do r : C h i mbo ra zo ; N . Pe r u , 3250- 3900 m. .

P . STEYERMARK I I B u c h h . et Gray Steyermark Podoberry

A sma l l t ree 7- 12 m . ta l l . B ud s re l a t i ve l y l a rg e , 5- 16 mm . l o n g ; w i t he l o n g a ted a t te n u a te , e x te rna l s c a l e s , subfol iaceous . Lea ve s t h i c k , l i ne a rl a n ceo l a te , s t i ff , s p rea d i n g , c u rve d , 4 —8 cm . l o n g by 6- 11 mm . w i de , g ren ,

pa l e r a n d s i l ve ry be l ow , m i d r i b d i s t i n c t l y i mp re s s ed o n t he u ppe r s u rfa c e ,

ma rg i n s re vo l u te , a pe x a c um i n a te . Fema l e co ne o n a s to u t pe d u n c l e 7- 12 mm .

re c e p ta c l e 7- 8 mm . l o n g , brown , wi t h 3 bra c t s ; co ne g l a u co u s - brown . Seed ss i l v e ry - g ree n , s trea k e d , w i t h a sma l l c re s t .

S . E . Ve ne z ue l a : Bo l i va r , C a rra o - Te p u i , 2100- 2400 m. .

P . SUBTROPI CALI S De La u b . S u b tro p i ca l o r Ome i Podoberry

A tre e 18- 24 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h . B ud s 4 -7 mm . l o n g by mm . i nd i ame te r , a pe x s t ra i g h t ; ex te r i o r s c a l e s l a n c eo l a te , k eel e d . J u ve n i l e l e a ve sl i ne a r - l a n c eo l a te , to 18 cm . l o n g by cm . wi de . Adu l t l ea ve s th i n l y l i nea ro r l i n ea r - l a n ceo l a te , m i d r i b prom i ne n t , a pe x a c u te ; pe t i o l e s re l a t i ve l y l o n g ,

3-6 nun l o n g . Ma l e s tro b i l i s e s s i l e , 1-5 i n a g ro u p , 3-6 cm . l o n g by 3 mm.

w i de , a pe x o f m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e co ne o n a ped u n c l e 8-14 mm .

l o n g ; rece p ta c l e 7- 12 mm. l o n g , i n vo l u c ra l l ea ve s 1- l . 5 nun l o n g ; co ne g l o bo s e ,

re d to p u rp l e . Seed s 12 - 14 mm . l o n g by 8- 10 mm . w i de , g ree n .

C h i n a : S ze c h ua n ; S .W. Y u n n a n ; S . Kwa n g tu n g ; E . C he k i a n g , to 1000 m . o r mo re .

C u l t i va te d i n S i n ga po re a s a s tree t tree u nde r th e name P . neri fol ius .

P S Y L V E STR I S B uc h h . et Gray Woo d l a nd PodoberryP . no va e - caledoniae va r . coll i culatus Gray

A tree 4 - 30 m . ta l l . Ba r k f i bro u s , red - brown , p l a te - l i ke . Bra n c h l e ts s l e nde ra n d s u bve r t i c i l l a te . Te rm i na l b u d s g l o b u l a r , 1- 2 mn. i n d i ame te r . J u ve n i l el ea ve s to 16 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . Ad u l t l ea ve s c rowd ed a t t i p s o fbra n c h l e t s , l i nea r - l a n ceo l a te to o b l o ng , 5-9 cm . l o n g by 7-9 nnn w i de , m i d r i bf l a t o r bro a d l y p rom i ne n t , a pe x b l u n t l y a nd broa d l y a c u te , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l ys ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s o f 3 , s e s s i l e o r o n a ped u n c l e to1 mm . l o n g , cy l i nd r i c a l , s u b te n ded a t the ba s e by 7-9 i mbr i ca te s ca l e s , a pe xo f s tame n s o b t u se . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , o n a s l e n de r pe d u n c l e 5-9 mm . l o n g ;re ce p ta c l e w i t h 2 fu s ed bra c t s , 6-9 mm . l o n g , re d , s u b te nded by a pa i r o fdec i d uo u s s c a l e s . See d s o ne pe r co ne , e l o n g a ted , 16mm. l o n g by 8-9 mm . w i de ,

w i t h o r wi t ho u t a sma l l b l u n t c re s tNew Ca l e do n i a : coa s ta l a rea s , ty pe nea r Mo i s de Ma i , 200- 1300 m

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194 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I RS V I I I 1986

P . TRANSI ENS ( Pi lg . ) De Lau b . Trans ien Podoberry-

P . l am be r t i i va r . trans iens Pi lg .

A mode ra te l y s i ze d t ree . Bu d s w i t h a p i c u l a te - ro u nde d o r t r i a n g u l ar , i m br i c a tes ca l e s . Lea ve s o b l o n g - l a n c eo l a te to b ro a d l y l i nea r - l a n c eo l a te ,

- 5 cm . l o n gby - 5 mm . w i de , b l u n t l y a c u te , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re c u rve d , w i t h a co n t i n uo u shy po de rm , no n - re vo l u te , a pe x ro u nde d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i a t t i p s o f b ra n c h l e t s

,

n ume ro u s , i n g ro u p s o f 3- 6, cy l i nd r i c a l , l - l .5 cm . l o n g by mm. w i de,

pe d u n c l e 10- 14 mm . l o n g , b ra c t s a t ba s e o f co ne a re de c i d uo u s .- Fema l e co ne

g l o b u l a r , s omewha t g l a u co u s ; re ce p ta c l e p u rp l i s h , o b l o n g , 3- 4 mm . l o n g by 2 mm .

w i de ; ped u n c l e th i n , 2 mm . l o n g .

S .C. B ra z i l : Se rra de Sa n Jo s e a n d Se rra do C i po .

P . TRINI TENSI S Gray Tr i n i da d Podoberry

A sma l l t ree 15- 20 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th . Ba rk da rk g ray . B ud s g l o bo s e ,

3 mm . l o n g ; s ca l e s a t te n ua te , a p i c u l a te . Le a ve s t h i c k , l a n c eo l a te o r o b l o n gl a n ceo l a te , 3-6 cm . l o n g by 7- 10 mm . w i de , g roo ve o n l ea f wea k a nd ra i s ed ,

ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re v o l u te , a pe x n a rrowe d , ba s e a t te n ua te nea r t he w i de pe t i o l e .

Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , pe d u n c l e 7-8 mm . l o n g . See d 7-8 mm . l o n g , c re s ted .

Tr i n i da d : Mo u n t Tucuche ; To ba go , d ry fo re s t , to 400 m. .

P . URBANI I Pi lg . U rba n Podoberry

A sma l l tree 10—15 m . ta l l , w i t h s ho r t b ra n c he s , re s emb l i ng a Yew . B ud sg l o bo s e ; s c a l e s b ro a d l y o b tu s e , kee l e d . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 5 cm . l o n g by 6 mm . w i de .

Ad u l t l ea ve s l e n t i c u l a r , cm . l o n g by 4 - 7 nm. w i de , r i g i d , e re c t , l e a t he ry ,

n a rrow l y l i ne a r - l a n c eo l a te , m i d r i b ra i s e d a bo ve , o b tu s e to a p i c u l a te . Ma l es tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e , cy l i nd r i c a l , mm . w i de by 4 mm . l o n g , s ca l e sa p i c u l a te , pe d u n c l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t , m i c ro s po ro p hy l l s o b t u s e . Fema l e co neo n a ped u n c l e 2 - 4 mm . l o ng ; re ce p ta c l e 7 mm . l o n g , w i t h 2 b ra c ts . Seed s o vo i d ,

7'

nnn l o n g by 4 nnn w i de , w i t h a b l u n t co n i c a l c re s t .

J ama i c a : C i n c ho n a , B l ue Mts . ; Mo s sma n ' s Pe a k , 370- 2225 m. .

PR UMNO P I TY S P h i l i p p i ( Po do c a rp a cea e )

A ge n u s o f te n s pe c i e s fromMa l ay s i a to New Zea l a n d a n d i n Co s ta R i ca a n dw. So u t h Ame r i ca . D i oe c iou s , e ve rgree n tree s . B ud s d i s t i n c t from t he l ea ve s ,

sma l l , g l o b u l a r o r o v o i d . Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n g ed o r 2- ra n ked , l a c k i n g ahypode rm a n d co n ta i n i n g a s i n g l e re s i n d u c t be l ow t he ve i n , l i ne a r ,

hy po s toma t i c , w i t h o r w i t ho u t tra n s fu s i o n t i s s ue , d i s t i c ho u s , b i fa c i a l l yf l a tte ned , u n i ne rve d . Ma l e s t ro b i l i s omewha t rem i n i s ce n t o f Cu p re s s u s i nge ne ra l a p pea ra nc e , w i t h re l a t i ve l y few a c um i n a te s c a l e s , o va l o r cy l i n dr i c a l ,

s o l i ta ry o r g ro u ped , o n a s omewh a t s pe c i a l i ze d l a te ra l bra n c h l e t o r s hoo t .

Fema l e co ne p ro d u ce d o n a c u rve d , u pr i g h t , s pe c i a l i ze d s c a l y ped u n c l e ,

l a c k i ng a n e n l a rge d ba s a l re ce p ta c l e , co n ta i n i n g a s i ng l e o v u l e , s u b te n de dby a few l i ne a r i n vo l u c ra l l e a ve s , w i th o ne to s eve ra l fe r t i l e bra c ts . See d so fte n mo re t h a n o ne i n o ne s p i ke , w i t ho u t a be a k , comp l e te l y co ve red bya l ea the ry s c a l e . See d s s u bg l o bo s e , w i ng l e s s .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa ed i a Co n i fe ra e 195

P . AMA RA ( B l ume ) De L a u b I ndo n e s i a n P r umnop i tysodocarpus ama ra B l ume

A tree 45-60 m . ta l l , to 125 cm . i n g i r th o r mo re . Ba r k gray , f l a ky . Yo u n gtree s w i th re d d i s h - brown ba r k s pe c k l e d wh i te . Bra n c he s e re c t , s u bve r t i c i l l a te

,

t ru n k o fte n bra n c hed to the ba s e . Bu d s g l o b u l a r , 2 mm . l on g , s c a l e s o vo i d .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 25 cm . l o n g : Ad u l t l e a ve s a l te rn a te , d i s t i c ho u s o r s u bd i s t i c ho u s ,

l i nea r - e l l i p t i c , da rk g ree n , p a l e g ree n be l ow , 5- 15 cm . l o ng by 9- 15 mm . w i de ,

ma rg i n s re c u rve d , c h a n ne l e d be l ow , w i t ho u t hypo de rm , s toma ta ma i n l y co n f i ne dto t he a ba x i a l s u rfa c e , w i th a c ce s so ry tra n s fu s i o n t i s s ue , a pex a t te n u a te

.

Ma l e s tro b i l i cy l i n d r i c a l , s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s , 3 cm . l o n g by mm . w i de .

Fema l e co ne o n a b ra n c h l e t 3- 5 cm . l o n g , a x i l l a ry , o n a pe d u nc l e l - 2 |nn. l o ng,

c o ne o ra n ge - re d w i th a g l a u co u s b l oom , l e a t he ry . See d s u bg l o bo s e , 1- 2 pe rco n e ,

- 3 cm . l o n g , p u rp l i s h - b l a c k , red o r b l oome d b l ue , w i t h a sma l l b l u n tc re s t .

E . Ma l ay s i a ; P h i l i p p i ne s ; I n do n e s i a : New I re l a n d ; Au s tra l i a : N . Quee n s l a n d,

600- 2000 m. .

P . AN D I NA ( Poe p . e x E n d l . ) De La u b . C h i l e a n P rumno p i tys— P . e l ega n s P h i l . , odocarpus a n d i na Poe p . ex E n d l .

A s h r u b 6- 7 m . ta l l , o r a pyram i da l tree to 12 m . ta l l . Ba r k smoo th , re d - brown .

B ud s sma l l , wh i t i s h - g ree n ; s c a l e s va l v a te , no n - i m br i c a te . Le a ve s s p i ra l l ya rra n ge d , l i nea r , br i g h t g ree n a bo ve , tw i s te d to s how the g l a u co u s u nde rs u rfa ce ,

cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , m i d r i b a bse n t , wi t h a ve ry s ho rt pe t i o l e .

Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s o f 12 - 20 , s e s s i l e , s p re a d i n g , cm . l o n g , a pexo f s tame n s de n t i c u l a te . Fema l e co n e s a t t i p s o f a bra n c h l e t 2 cm . l o n g ,

s u b te nde d by ba s a l s c a l e s , o v u l e s 3- 5 o r 1- 2 ma tu r i n g i n th e a x i l o f thel ea ve s ; l ea the ry s c a l e ed i b l e a nd ra the r ta s ty . See d o vo i d , p r u ne - l i k e ,

2 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , b l ue - b l a c k , wi t h a bea k .

5. C h i l e : Va l d i v i a , Co rd i l l e ra de l a Co s ta , 1219- 1830 m. .

P . E X I G UA De La u b . Co c ha bamba P rumno p i ty s

A sma l l t re e 2 - 10 m . ta l l . Lea v e s sem i - l i n ea r , se s s i l e , de c u rre n t , s omewha tna rrowed a t the ba s e , 10- 15 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , wi th a wea k groo ve a bo vethe m i dr i b , a pe x s ho r t a n d ro u n d , l e a ve s s tra i g h t o r s l i g h t l y fa l ca te .

Fe r t i l e bra n c h l e t o f fema l e co ne 1- 2 cm . l o n g , w i t h re du ce d l ea ve s . Ov u l e so f fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry , 1- 2 pe r fe r t i l e s hoo t , l e a ve s o n fe r t i l es hoo t 2 mm . l o n g . Se e d g l o bo s e , 10 mm . l o n g by 11 mm . w i de , w i t h a s h o r t c re s t .

N . Bo l i v i a : Co rd i l l e ra O r i e n ta l , Co c h a bamba , Sehuenka-To to ra , 2600- 3300 m. .

P F E RR UG I N EA ( D Do n ) De La u b . New Ze a l a nd P rumno p i ty sDo n ex Lamb .

A tree to 25 m . ta l l . Ba r k g ray - b rown , ex fo l i a t i n g i n s ca l e s , i n ne r - ba rkp u rp l i s h . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s to 3 cm . l o n g . Ad u l t l ea ve s yew- l i ke , a l te rn a te ,

da r k g ree n,ye l l ow i s h be l ow , fa l ca te , ne a r l y 2- ra n ked i n a fl a t te ne d s pray

o f fo l i a ge,

l e a ve s cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , m i d r i b na rrow , ma rg i n sre vo l u te , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te , pe t i o l e 2- 3 mm . l o ng . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry

o r i n pa i r s , cy l i nd r i ca l , s e s s i l e , 8- 12 mm. l o ng by 3 mm . wi de , o n a s ho r tpe d u n c l e . Fema l e co ne s o l i ta ry , o n d i ffe re n t tree s , s u b te n de d by s ca l e s a tthe ba s e , ped u n c l e re l a t i ve l y s ho r t . See d s o va l , l .5- 2 cm . l o ng , br i g h t

196 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

p u rp l i s h - re d , w i t h a waxy , g l a u c o u s b l o om , a pex w i t h a s ho r t po i n t.

New Zea l a n d : s c a tte re d o n bo t h i s l a n d s , l ow l a n d fo re s t s , to 1000 m. .

P . F ERRUGINI OI DES ( Comp t . ) De L a u b . New Ca l e do n i a n P r umno p i ty sodocarpus d i s t i c h u s B u c h h . et Gray , odocarpus ferruginioides Com p t

.

A tree 5- 15 m . ta l l , w i th a n i rreg u l a r c rown . Ba r k da r k g ray , s c a l y . J u ve n i l el ea ve s d i s t i c ho u s , re vo l u te , 2 - 3 cm . l o n g by 4 - 5 mm . w i de , a pex m u c ro n a te .

Ad u l t l ea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , l e a the ry , u s u a l l y e re c t , 9- 19 nun l o n g by 3- 4

mm . w i de , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y re c u rve d , a pex o b t u s e o r s h o r tpo i n ted . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , a x i l l a ry , o n a s ca l y pe d u n c l e 1 mm . l o n g

,

o vo i d , 3- 4 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de , s tame n tr i a n g u l a r . Fema l e c o n e o na bra n c h l e t 5-8 mm . l o n g , s u b te n de d a t t he ba se by tr i a n g u l a r s c a l e s

, 3-5 nnnl o n g by 1 mm . w i de , o b tu se ; pe d u n c l e to 1 mm . l o n g , s c a l y ; o v u l e o b t u s e

,

i n ve r s e . See d s o vo i d , g l a u co u s - re d , 8- 14 nun l o n g , a pex no t po i n ted .

New Ca l e do n i a : l o c a l , ty pe nea r Mo u n t Nekando, 200 - 1500 m. .

P HARMSIANA (Pi lg . ) De La u b . Ha rms P rum no p i ty sPodo c a rp u s harms iana Pi lg . , odocarpus uti l ior Pi lg . ex Fe dde

A tree 6- 20 m . ta l l , to 40 cm . i n g i r t h o r mu c h mo re . Le a ve s yew - l i k e,

S p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , u n s ta l k e d , th i c k , l a n ceo l a te , l i ne a r , cm . l o ng by2 mm . w i de , ma rg i n s re c u rve d , w i t h a s l i g h t r i d g e a bo ve the m i d r i b , w i t h2 ba n d s o f s toma ta be l ow , a pe x s p i ne - l i k e . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s of 10- 15,

10 mm . l o n g ; w i t h sma l l , i m b r i c a te , ba s a l s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f1- 3 ,

- 3 cm . l o n g ; b ra c ts o vo i d , 5- 7 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , o v u l e i n ve rs e ;l e a t he ry s c a l e ed i b l e , ta s ty . See d o vo i d , 10 rrm. l o n g by 8 rrm. w i d e , s l i g h t l yc re s ted .

Co l umb i a ; Ve ne z ue la ; C . Pe r u ; w . Bo l i v i a , 1000- 1200 m. .

P LAUE I ( Ba i l ey ) De La u b . L a de P rumno p i ty sPo do c a rp u s ladei Ba i l ey

A n e re c t tree to 30 m . ta l l , to 2 m . i n g i r t h . Ba r k smoo th , redd i s h - brown ,

ex fo l i a t i ng i n pa pe ry s c a l e s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , u s u a l l y s e s s i l e ,

g ree n o n bo th s u rfa c e s , cm . l o n g by - 4 mm. w i de , s toma ta mo ren ume ro u s be l ow , a pe x o b tu s e . Ma l e s tro b i l i s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e , a t t i p s o fb ra n c h l e t s . Fema l e co ne s e s s i l e , s o l i ta ry , e l l i p s o i d , cm . l o n g by

cm . w i de , p u rp l e w i t h a glaucos b l o om .

A u s tra l i a : N. E . Que e n s l a n d , Mo u n t S tu rgeo n , 1067- 3290 m. .

P MONTANA ( H umb . et Bo n p l . ex W i l l d . ) De L a u b . Mo u n ta i n Prumn o p i ty s

d ocarpus ta x i fo l i a Ku n th =Ta x u s mo n ta na Humb . et Bo n p l . ex w i l l d .

A tree 20- 25 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i th w i de - s p rea d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r ksmoo th i s h , g ray , w i t h l i c he n . B ra n c he s s ca l y , ru s ty fa wn - b rown . Fo l i a ge yew- l i ke ,

a rra n ge d i n two s u b - o p po s i te rows . Lea ve s d a rk g ree n , pa l e r be l ow , g roo ve da bo ve t he m i d r i b , u s u a l l y l i ne a r , t h i c k , cm . l o n g by -4 rrm. w i de ,

w i th 2 l a rge ba nd s o f s toma ta be l ow , a pex a c u te o r mu c ro na te ; pe t i o l e s s ho r t ,

da r k brown . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n g ro u p s u p to 25 i n n umbe r , to 10 mm . l o ng ,

d i s po s e d o n a bra nc h l e t 3-5 cm . l o n g , pe d u n c l e 3-5 mm . l o n g . Fema l e co nes o l i ta ry , s u bg l o bo s e , o n a fe r t i l e b ra n c h l e t 4 -6 cm . l o n g . See d ovo i d , se s s i l e ,

cm . l o ng , b l a c k- v i o l e t , w i t h a f l a t tened c re s t 3-4 rrm. l o n gN. Ve ne z ue l a ; Co l umb i a ; Eq u a do r ; N . Pe ru , 1900- 3290 m. .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

198 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

P . AMA B I L I S ( Ne l s o n ) Re h d . Go l de n L a rc hP . pourteti Fe rre , hrysolari x ama b i l i s ( Ne l s o n ) Moo re

A bro a d l y c o n i c a l tree 20 - 40 m . ta l l , to 3 m . i n g i r th , w i t h w i de - s p rea d i n g,

a s c e n d i n g , h o r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r k re d - b rown be com i ng g ray , f i s s u red i n tona rrow s c a l e s , l a te r d i v i d ed i n to t h i c k p l a te s . Bra n c he s i n a n u p r i g h t V - l i k epa tte rn from the t ru n k . Bra n c h l e t s f i ne , smoo t h , g ray i s h , b u t pa l e ye l l owbrown o r p i n k i s h whe n yo u n g . B u d s o vo i d ; s c a l e s a c um i na te , brown , f i l ame n ted

,

free , s i d e b ud s ye l l ow i s h -

green. Leaves s p i ra l l y a rra n g ed o n te rm i na l bra n c h l e t s,

i n who r l s o n l o n g c u rve d s p u rs o n s i de b ra n c h l e t s , 2 cm . l o n g by - 4 rrm.

w i de , kee l e d be l ow , ma rg i n s ve ry th i n , a pe x po i n ted , s toma ta a b s e n t a bo ve b u ti n 5- 7 l i ne s be l ow , l i n ea r , s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne d , a c um i n a te , s o ft , l i g h t g ree n

,

b l u i s h - g ree n be l ow , w i t h pa l e ma rg i n s , t u rn i n g br i g h t ye l l ow t he n b rown i n t hea u t umn . Ma l e s t ro b i l i g ro u ped a t t i p s o f s i de bra n c h l e t s , o n a s l e nde r ped u n c l e8- 10 mm . l o n g , ye l l ow i s h , 6- 10 mm . l o n g , w i t h 20 s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne pe nde n t

,

o v a te , g ree n th e n red d i s h - b rown , 6 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de,w i t h

l o n g tr i a n g u l a r s ca l e s t h a t a re s l i g h t l y o pe ned ; b ra c t s o va te - l a n ceo l a te,mu c h

sma l l e r t ha n t he s c a l e s , fa l l i n g w i t h th e s c a l e s u po n ma t u r i ty . Se ed s 2 pe rs c a l e , s eed w i t h a n o vo i d n u t 7 mm. l o n g , w i t h a tr i a n g u l a r w i n g 25 mm . l o n g .

C h i na : S ze c h ua n to Anwhei , 100- 1500 m. .

P S E U DOTA X U S C he ng ( Ta xa cea e )

A mo noty p i c g e n u s from C h i n a . A d i oe c i o u s s h ru b w i t h who r l e d bra n c he s .

B ra n c h l e t s s u r ro u n de d a t t he ba s e w i t h pe rs i s te n t , o va te , s l i g h t l y kee l e d b uds c a l e s . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , b u t a p pea r i n g 2 - ra n ke d , l i n ea r , s ho r t - s ta l k ed ,

s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , a pe x wi t h a n e l o n g a ted s p i ne , w i t h 2 g l a u co u s s toma ta l ba nd sbe l ow . S toma ta l o pe n i n g s o f l e a ve s a re ro u nded , w i t h s tro n g l y c u t i n i zed g ua rdce l l s , u n l i k e Ta x u s wh i c h has a wa l l o f pa p i l l a e s u r ro u nd i ng ea c h o pe n i n g a n dt he g u a rd s c e l l s a re t h i n l y c u t i n i ze d i n Ta x u s . Ma l e s t ro b i l i w i t h s te r i l es c a l e s , po l l e n g ra i n s h a v i n g a mo re de f i n i te aperature bo rde red by a protrud

i n g co l l a r . Ov u l i fe ro u s b ud s co n ta i n o n l y the s ho r t u n bra n c he d f l owe r a x i s ,

w i t h mo re n ume ro u s s te r i l e s c a l e s a t th e ba s e tha n th e s e co n da ry f l owe r s hoo ti n Ta x u s . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , o n u n de r s i de s o f bra n c h l e t s , s u b te n de d by o v a teba s a l b ra c t s , o n a s ho r t ped u n c l e ; w i t h 14 - 16 s te r i l e , d ec u s s a te s c a l e s , u p pe rbra c t n ea r l y 5 nun l o n g a nd ne a r l y c o n c ea l i n g t he yo u n g o v u l e e x cep t a t t he t i pby a wh i te a r i l . Se ed s o b l o n g - o vo i d , o ne pe r co ne , w i t h a po i n ted a pe x , w i n g l e s s .

P CHI ENI I ( C he n g ) C he n g C h i e n W h i te - ber ry YewNothotaxus chieni i ( C h e n g ) F l o r i n

A s h ru b 2-4 m . ta l l . B ra n c he s i n who r l s . Bra n c h l e t s s u bo p po s i te o r s i n g l eo r i n th ree s , s u rro u n ded a t t he ba s e by b u d scales . Buds 2 - 4 nun l o ng ; s c a l e sye l l ow o r g ray , l a nceol a te - tr i a n g u l a r , s l i g h t l y kee l e d a nd c u s p i da te a t t he a pex .

Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , t ho u g h o fte n a p pea r i ng 2- ra n ke d , l i nea r o r s l i g h t l yfa l c a te , da r k g ree n , cm . l o ng by 3 mm. w i de , w i t h 2 wh i t i s h o r g l a u co u sba nd s be l ow w i t h 13-19 s toma ta l l i ne s , l ea ve s l a c k m i c ro s co p i c pa p i l l a e , a pe xc u s p i da te

,pe t i o l e s ho r t . Ma l e s tro b i l i a x i l l a ry , to 3 mm . l o n g , w i t h 8- 10

s te r i l e , de c u s s a te , o va l s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , o v u l e te rm i na l o n as ho r t ped u n c l e , s u b te n de d a t the ba se by o va te b ra c ts , o vu l e nea r l y co n cea l e dby a f l e s hy wh i te a r i l . Seed s 5 mm . l o n g by 4 mm . w i de , a pe x po i n te d , hi l iumr homb i c - e l l i p t i c .

C h i na : C he k i a n g , Lungtsuan; Ki a n g s i ; Hu na n ; Kwa n g tu n g ; Kwa n g s i , to 1000 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o p aed i a Co n i fe ra e 199

P S E U DOTS UGA Ca rr . ( P i n a cea e )

A ge n u s o f fo u r s pe c i e s from w. No r t h Ame r i c a , C h i na a nd J a pa n . Ta l l , mo noe c i o u st ree s w i th i r reg u l a r l y w ho r l ed bra n c he s . Bu d s d i s t i n c t from the l ea ve s , o vo i d ,

a c u te , e l o n g a te d , s ha r p po i n te d , no n - re s i no u s . Bra n c h l e t s ne a r l y smoo t h , ma r ke dw i t h s l i g h t l y ra i s e d , sma l l , o v a l s c a r s a fte r t he l ea ve s ha ve fa l l e n . Le a ve smo re o r l e s s 2- ra n ked , l i n e a r , f l a tte ned , gree n a nd g roove d a bo ve

,w i t h 2 wh i te

s toma ta l ba n d s be l ow , w i t h o n l y o ne va s c u l a r b u n d l e i n the ce n te r a nd w i th 2s u be p i de rma l re s i n c a na l s , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t , a pe x o fte n no tc he d . Ma l e s tro b i l ia x i l l a ry , s ta l k ed , cy l i n d r i c a l , w i t h n ume ro u s s p i ra l l y a r ra nge d

,s ho r t - s ta l ke d

ro u n ded a n t he r s . Fema l e co ne a x i l l a ry , o n a s ho rt pe d u n c l e,ma t u r i n g i n o n e

yea r , o pe n i n g a t ma t u r i ty , pe n de n t , o v a te -o b l o n g ; w i t h ma ny f l a t te ne d,ro u nd ed

co ne s c a l e s ; w i t h e l o n g a ted , p ro tr u d i n g , e re c t o r mo re o fte n ref l ex ed 3 l o bedbra c t s . Seed s 2 pe r s c a l e , w i t h a w i n g s ho r ter tha n t he scale , nut o f seedg ra d u a l l y b l e nd s i n to t h e wi n g so a s to a p pe a r o ne - p i e ced . Co ty l e do n s 6- 12 .

P . JAPON I CA ( S h i ra s awa ) Bei s sn. J a pa ne se Do ug l a s F i r

A co n i c a l tree 23- 30 m . ta l l , w i t h n ume ro u s h o r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s . Ba r k d a r kg ray- p i n k , i rreg u l a r l y c ra c ke d . Bra n c h l e t s smoo th , pa l e ye l l ow i s h - g ray . B ud so vo i d , s h i ny b rown o r red d i s h - brown , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s . Lea ve s s h i ny l i g h tg ree n , cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , l i ne a r , po i n t i n g fo rwa rd s , s l i g h tyc u rve d , kee l e d to t he a pex , br i g h t wh i te be l ow w i t h 12 l i ne s o f s toma ta , a pexno tc hed . Fema l e co ne : o vo i d - g l o b u l a r , da r k g ray - b rown , w i t h 20 s ca l e s ,

- 5 cm.

l o n g by cm . w i de , bra c ts e x s e r te d a n d s p rea d i n g to 5 nun l o n g . Seedw i t h a n o vo i d n u t 6 mm . l o n g , w i n g to 13 mm . l o n g .

S . E . Ja pa n : To s a , K i i a n d Y ama to , 305-914 m. .

P . MAC ROCAR PA ( Va s ey ) Mayr . B i gcone Do u g l a s F i r

A broa d l y co n i ca l tree 12 - 25 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i th l o n g , s prea d i n gb ra n c he s . Ba r k d a r k re d d i s h - b rown , fu rrowe d . Bu d s o vo i d - co n i c a l , s h i ny red - brown ,

8- 10 mm . l o n g . B ra n c h l e t s f i n e l y p u be s ce n t , red d i s h - p u rp l e to da r k red d i s hbrown , o f te n d roo p i n g . Le a ve s f l a t te ned , 2 - ra n ke d , s h a rp l y po i n te d , nea r l ys ta l k l e s s , b l ue - g ree n o r b l ue - g ray , cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , s l i g h t l yfa l ca te , g roo ve d a bo ve e x ce p t ne a r th e a pe x , gray -wh i te be l ow w i t h 5-7 s toma ta ll i ne s , a pe x a c u te l y m u c ro na te . Fema l e co ne na rrow l y o vo i d , brown , w i t h 50- 70s ca l e s , 10- 18 cm . l o n g by 5- 7 cm . w i de , s ca l e s t h i c k a n d f i ne l y s tr i a ted ; bra c tss tra i g h t o r s l i g h t l y s inous , ex s e r te d . Seed s w i t h a l a rge n u t to 11 mm . l o nga nd a w i n g to 23 mm . l o n g .

S . Ca l i fo r n i a , w. Sa n ta Ba rba ra Co u n ty to N.C. Sa n D i e go Co u nty ,

274 - 2438 m. .

P ME N Z I E S I I ( M i r b . ) Fra n co Coa s t Do u g l a s F i rP . ta x i fo l i a ( Po i r . ) Br i t t . ex S u dw .

A n a rrowl y co n i c a l tree 24 - 100 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h a po i n tedc rown o f ho r i zo n ta l

,s l i g h t l y d roo p i ng b ra n c he s . Ba rk g ray , the n da r k re d - brown

a n d f i s s u red , w i th re s i n b l i s te r s , o fte n co r ky . Bra n c h l e ts s l i g h t l y pu be s ce n t ,

o ra n ge tu rn i n g brown . B u d s o vo i d - a c u te , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , smoo t h ; s ca l e s redbrown , ma rg i n s br i g h t a n d fr i n g ed . Lea ve s s tra i g h t , l i nea r , g roo ved a bo ve e ve nto t he a pex , da r k ye l l ow- g ree n to b r i g h t g ree n a bo ve , l .5-3 cm . l o n g by 2 mm .

w i de , mo re o r l e s s pe c t i n a te , w i t h 2 wh i te ba nd s o f s toma ta be l ow w i t h 5- 8

200 PHYTOLOGIA ME MO I R S V I I I 1986

s toma ta l l i ne s,a pex no tc he d , ap p l e o r p i nea p p l e s c e n te d w he n c ru s he d . Mal e

s t ro b i l i e l o n ga te d , cy l i n d r i c a l , o ra ng e -ye l l ow , cm . long . Fema1e co neo vo i d - co n i c a l , g ree n the n brown , 7- 10 cm . l o n g by 2 5 cm . w i de , w i t h 40- 50

s c a l e s,s c a l e s ro u n de d ; bra c t s s tra i g h t , e re c t , ex s e r te d a n d s prea d i ng . See d s

w i t h a g ray i s h n u t 7 mm . l o n g a nd a da r k b rown w i n g 15- 17 NF L l o n g .

S .W. Ca na da to N . Ca l i fo rn i a , 823- 1829 m. .

P ME N Z I E S I I v a r . G LA UCA ( Bei ssn. ) F ra n c o Ro c ky Mo u n ta i n Do u g l a s F i rP . me n z i e s i i va r . c a e s i a ( S c hwe r . ) F ra n c o

A compa c t t ree to 45 m . ta l l . B ra n c he s mo re a s ce n d i n g . B ra n c h l e t s g roo ved,

p u be s ce n t , ma roo n o r brown . B ud s o vo i d - a c u te , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s , 10 mm . l o n g,

s c a l e s fr i n ged . Lea ve s s t ra i g h t , da r k g l a u co u s - g ree n , cm . l o n g,g roo ved

a bo ve , t h i c k , w i t h 4 -8 wh i t i s h l i ne s o f s toma ta be l ow ; a pe x ro u n de d a n d somewh a t tr u n c a te . Fema l e c o ne o vo i d ,

-6 cm . l o n g by 2- 3 cm . w i de , w i t h 30s c a l e s , b ra c t s l o n g ex s e r te d a n d p rom i ne n t l y re f l exe d downwa rd s . See d s w i t h an u t mm . l o n g a n d a b r i g h t b rown w i n g 11 mm . l o n g .

U ta h to w. New Me x i c o ; N . Mex i c o , 610- 2896 m. .

P . S I N E N S I S Do de C h i ne s e Do u g l a s F i rP . b re v i fo l i a C he n g et Fu,

=P . fo rre s t i i C ra i b ,=P . gaus seni i F l o u s

,

A pyram i da l t ree 30- 50 m . ta l l , to 2 m . i n g i r th . Bra n c h l e ts re dd i s h - b rown ,

p u be s ce n t a t f i r s t . Bud s o vo i d , smoo th , red d i s h - b rown . Le a ve s cm . l o n gby 2 mm . w i de , a r ra n g e d i n two ra n k s , ye l l ow i s h g re e n , w i th a l o n g p rom i ne n tg roo ve a bo ve , w i t h wh i t i s h s toma ta be l ow i n lO- 15 l i ne s . Fema l e co ne s o vo i d ,

da r k brown ,-6 cm . l o n g by - 4 cm . w i de ; b ra c t s va r i a b l e i n l e n g t h , u s ua l l y

ex s e r te d a nd re f l e xe d , 3-8. nnu l o n g . See d s w i th a b rown n u t 6 mm . l o ng a n da po i n te d w i n g 25 mm . 10 ng .

C h i na : T i be t ; Y u n n a n ; S ze c h u a n ; Kwa n g s i ; Kwe i c how ; H u pe h ; H u n a n ; Anwhei a n di n Ta i wa n , 600- 3300 m. .

SAXAEGOTHAEA L i n d l . ( Po do ca rpa c ea e )

A mo no typ i c ge n u s from So u th Ame r i c a . A mo noe c i o u s t ree w i t h Ta x u s - l i k e fo l i a ge ,

b u t w i t h wh i te ba nd s be l ow . B ud s g l o bo s e , d i s t i n c t from the l ea ve s , w i t h fewo vo i d s c a l e s . Lea v e s nea r l y 2 - ra n ked , a l te r na te , c l o s e l y a rra nge d , l i nea r ,

f l a t tene d , w i t h a p rom i ne n t m i d r i b , l e a th e ry , a pex s p i ne - t i p ped . Ma l e s tro b i l icy l i n d r i c a l , s p i ke - l i k e , i n g ro u p s a t ba s e s o f t he l ea ve s . Fema l e co ne s u bg l o bo s e , a n a g g re ga te s t ru c tu re w i t h s e ve ra l o pe n i n g s s u rrou nde d by o u t - c u rve ds ca l e s , e a c h co ne co n ta i n i ng 6- 12 s ee d s . See d s ro u n d , 2 pe r s c a l e , i n ve r te d ,

w i n g l e s s . Co ty l e do n s 2 .

S . CONS P I C UA L i n d l . P r i n c e A l be rt ' s Saxaegothaea

A s l e n de r co n i c a l tre e to 17 m . ta l l o r mo re . Ba r k smo o t h , p u rp l e - b rown ,

f l a ky . Tru n k dee p l y f l u te d . B ra n c he s d roo p i n g , b ra n c h l e t s pe n de n t . Te rm i na lbra n c h l e ts i n who r l s . B u d s g l o bo s e , g ree n , s c a l e s ovo i d . Lea ve s tw i s te d , da r kg ray- g reen , a l te r na te , l .5- 3 cm . l o n g by 2 - 4 nun wdde , l i nea r , m i d r i b p rom i ne n t ,

wh i t i s h be l ow , a pe x s p i ne - t i p ped . Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a s ho r t bra nc h l e t 4 -7 rrm. l o n g ,

i n g ro u p s o f 10- 20 , 1-6 mm . l o n g , da r k p u rp l e , w i t h ma ny tr i a ng u l a r s c a l e s , a n the r s

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202 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I RS V I I I 1986

S.S E MP E R V I R E N S ( D . Do n ) E n d l . Coa s t Re dwoo d

A na r row l y co n i c a l t re e 61- 112 m . ta l l , t ru n k 3 m . i n g i r t h o r muc h mo re ,

w i t h a n o pe n,

i rreg u l a r c rown o f ho r i zo n ta l o r d roo p i n g b ra n c he s . Bar k re dd i s hb rown

,dee p l y f u r rowe d . Tr u n k o f te n b u t tre s s e d a t t he ba s e , w i t h ro u nded

swe l l i n g s o r b u r l s . B ra n c h l e t s f l a t te n ed . B ud s p i n k i s h - g re e n o n tenninal

b ra n c h l e ts,po i n te d

,s c a l e s i n c ur ve d . Lea ve s d i mo rp h i c , u s ua l l y l i nea r , da r k

g ree n,f l a t te ne d

, 1 cm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , 2 - ra n ke d , w i t h 2 l a rg e ba n d s o fg ree n i s h - wh i te s toma ta be l ow , a pe x a c um i n a te a nd s p i n e - t i p ped . L ea ve s o n te rm i na la n d fe r t i l e b ra n c h l e t s s c a l e - l i k e , 6 mm . l o n g , k ee l e d , s p i ra l l y a r ra n g ed , co n c a ve .

Ma l e s tro b i l i te rm i na l o n a s ho r t bra n c h l e t , co n e ' nu l o n g , w i th 2 - 5 po l l e ns a c s . Fema l e co ne e l l i p t i c a l , d a r k re dd i s h - b rown , l . 2 - 3 cm . l o n g , w i th 12 - 20s c a l e s , s c a l e s s omewh a t s h r i n k i n g a fte r o pe n i n g a t ma t u r i ty , w i t h sma l l inconspi cous c e n tra l umbo s . See d s e l l i p t i c , 2 -5 pe r s c a l e , 5 mm. l o n g by 4 nun w i de ,

l i g h t brown , w i t h 2 n a r row , e ve n w i n g s o n e a c h s i de o f t he n u t . Co ty l e do n s 2 .

S .W. Ore go n to N. Mo n te rey Co . , w. Ca l i fo rn i a , 0-914 m. .

S E QUO I A DE N DRO N B u c h ho l z ( Ta x o d i a c ea e )

A mo no ty p i c ge n u s o c c u r i n g i n ce n tra l Ca l i fo rn i a , A mo noe c i o u s treew i t h i n co n s p i c uo u s b ud s . Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , s c a l e - l i k e , o ve r l a p p i n g

,

sma l l , w i t h few s toma ta a bo ve , w i t h 2 l i ne s o f s toma ta be l ow , a pe x a c u te . Ma l es tro b i l i s o l i ta ry o r i n g ro u p s , o n a s c a l y pe d u n c l e , o vo i d , w h i t i s h . Fema l eco ne bo rn e o n a s c a l y ped u n c l e , r i pe n i n g i n 2 ye a rs , ovo i d , pe n de n t , w i t h t h i c kwoo dy , o v a te s c a l e s , w i t h a n i nc o n s p i c uo u s c e n tra l umbo ; c o ne s o pe n i n g u po nma tu r i ty . See d s 2 -9 pe r s c a l e , f l a t te ne d , w i th a n a r row n u t a n d w i t h 2 n a rrow ,

e ve n w i n g s . Co ty l e do n s 3-5.

S G I GA NTE UM ( L i nd l . ) B u c h h . G i a n t Se q uo i aSegoia g i ga n tea ( L i n d l . ) De c n e

A na rrow l y co n i c a l t re e 46- 100 m . ta l l , to 6 m . i n g i rt h o r mu c h mo re , w i t hs ho r t , s to u t , ho r i z o n ta l bra n c he s , bra n c h ed nea r l y to th e ba s e . O l d tree s ha vea n i r re g u l a r , o pe n c rown w i t h a l o n g c l e a r bo l e . Tru n k e n l a rge d , bu t tre s s ed a n df l u te d . Ba r k re dd i s h - b rown , fu rrowe d dee p l y . B ra n c h l e t s s l e nde r , d roo p i n g , c o rdl i ke , b l ue - g re e n th e n b rown , mu c h - bra n c hed . Le a ve s s c a l e - l i k e , r i g i d , da r k g ree nto b l ue - g ree n , 3-8 ffm. l o n g by mm . w i de , c rowde d , o ve r l a p p i n g , w i t h 2 ba n d so f s toma ta be l ow , w i t h few s toma ta a bo ve , a pe x a c u te a n d po i n ted . Ma l e s t ro b i l ite rmi n a l , ye l l ow i s h - brown , w i t h 25- 40 s c a l e s , w i t h 2-5 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e co nepe nde n t , ma t u r i ng i n 2 yea r s , o n a s ho r t b ra n c h l e t , o vo i d - o b l o n g , 4 -8 cm . l o n gby 3 cm . w i de , re d d i s h - b rown , o pe n i n g a t ma tu r i ty ; s ca l e s f l a t , t h i c ke ne d ,

w i t h i n co n s p i c uo u s ce n tra l umbo s . Seed s 3-9 pe r s c a l e , o b l o n g o r n ea r l y o v a te ,

b r i g h t l i g h t b rown , 3- 7 mm . l o ng , w i t h 2 na rrow e ve n w i n g s to 4 mm . l o n g .

E . Ca l i fo rn i a , S . P l a ce r Co u n ty to C . Tulure Co 914 - 2286m. .

S i l b a,E n cyc l o pa ed i a Co n i fe ra e 203

TAIWANIA Haya ta ( Ta xo d i a c ea e )

A mo no typ i c ge n u s from S . E . A s i a a nd Ta i wa n . Mo noe c i o u s tree s w i th inconspi cuous b ud s . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s aw l - s ha ped , f l a t te ne d l a te ra l l y , a c u te . Ad u l t l e a ve s

s ta l k ed , o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c , s c a l e s a c um i n a te . Fema l e co n e pe n de n t , o n a s c a l yped u n c l e , P i cea - l i k e , o b l o n g - cy l i n d r i c ; s ca l e s ro u n ded , f l a t te n ed , a c um i na tea t th e a pe x , l a c k i n g a n umbo , w i th m i n u te o v a te bra c ts . See d s 2 pe r s c a l e ,

s ur ro u n de d by 2 bro a d , re l a t i ve l y e q ua l w i n g s o n a ce n tra l n u t , s omewha tf l a t te ne d . Co ty l e do n s 2 .

T . CRYPTOMERIOI DES Hay . Fo rmo s a n Taiwania

A co n i c a l tree to 60 m . ta l l , 3- 6 m . i n g i r th , w i th a l o n g c l e a r bo l ea nd w i t h s ho r t bra n c he s . Ba rk pa l e re dd i s h - brown , s ca l y . Yo u n g p l a n t sbroa d l y pyram i da l , s pa r s e l y b ra n c he d , w i t h a s ce nd i n g , pe nde n t bra n c he s .

J u ve n i l e l e a ve s cm . l o n g , 2 - a n g l e d , po i n te d , n a rrowed . Ad u l t l ea ve s S p i ra l l ya rra n ged , d i mo r p h i c , 3-6 lnn. l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , fa i n t l y kee l e d

,p u n g e n t

,

fa l c a te , s toma ta o n a l l fa ce s , t r i a n g u l a r i n the c ro s s - s e c t i o n , g l a u c o u s - g ree n,

a pe x i n c u rve d a n d free . Fema l e c o ne o vo i d - cy l i n d r i c to s u bg l o bo s e , c he s tn u t - g ray,

8- 12 mm . l o n g , w i t h 15 l ea t he ry s c a l e s , s ca l e s na rrow l y s p a th u l a te a n d p rom i ne n t l ya c um i n a te a t t he a pe x . See d s 1- 2 pe r s ca l e , o b l o n g , wi th ro u n de d n u t s a nd e ve n

,

ro u n ded , narmmv, smooth- ed g ed w i n g s , f l a t te ne d , 4 -5 mm . l o n g .

N. E . Ta i wa n : Mo u n t Mo rr i s o n , we s te rn s l o pe s , 1800- 2600 m. .

T . CRYPTOMERIOI DES v a r . F LOUSIANA ( Ga u s s . ) S i l ba C h i ne s e Taiwania

A tre e to 75 m . ta l l , to 2 m . i n g i r th . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s 2 - a n g l e d , l 4 cm .

l o n g . Ad u l t l ea ve s pec t i n a te i n o ne p l a ne , i mb r i c a te , no ta b l y gree n , a c u te ,

kee l e d , 4 - 5 mm . l o n g by l - l . 5 mm. w i de , l e s s r i g i d , s o fte r , s p i ny . Fema l e co n e so b l o n g , p u rp l i s h - g ray a t f i rs t , l . 4 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de , s c a l e sb ro a d l y s pa th u l a te w i t h a b l u n t l y a c um i n a te a pe x . See d s o b l o n g ; n u t na rrow ,

o vo i d ; w i n g s na rrow , s omewh a t u ne ve n , de n t i c u l a te o n the e n d s ; f l a t te ne d , g raybrown , 3- 4 nun l o n g by 2 mm. w i de .

N. E . B u rma ; C h i n a : w. Y u n n a n to N.N. H u pe h , 500- 2700 m. .

TA XO D I UM R i c h . ( Taxod i a c eae )

A ge n u s o f 2 s pe c i e s from the E . U n i ted S ta te s a n d Mex i co , o fte n g row i n gi n damp o r we t c l i ma te s . Mo noe c i o u s , g e n e ra l l y de c i duo u s o r ra re l y e ve rg ree ntree s . Tr u n k s o fte n w i t h e re c t , woo dy , k nee - l i ke pro j e c t i o n s r i s i n g from theto p s o f t he roo ts w he n g row i n g i n wa te r . B ra n c he s e re c t o r s prea d i n g . Bra n c hl e ts a l te rn a te , l a te ra l bra n c h l e ts ge ne ra l l y de c i d uo u s . Bud s sma l l , ro u n d ,

s ca l y , d i s t i nc t from t h e l ea ve s o n te rm i na l b ra n c h l e ts . Le a ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n gedo r mo re o fte n 2 - ra n ke d , f l a t , l i n ea r , o fte n w i th s toma ta be l ow , t ur n i n g b rowni n t he a u tum n a nd fa l l i n g o ff . Ma l e s tro b i l i bo rne i n l o ng , te rm i n a l pa n i c l e s ,

bo rne o n 2 ye a r o l d b ra n c h l e t s , w i t h s p i ra l l y a rra ng ed a n t he r s w i t h 2- 9 a n the rce l l s . Fema l e co ne s a t t i p s o f 2 yea r o l d bra n c h l e ts , pe n den t , ma tu r i ng i n o neyea r , o pe n i n g u po n ma tu r i ty a n d q u i c k l y dec i d uo u s ; wi th re l a t i ve l y fews p i ra l l y a rra n ged s c a l e s , wi t h a n i n co n s p i c uo u s cen tra l umbo . See d s 2 pe r s ca l e ,

i rreg u l a r l y tr i a n g u l a r , ha rd , 3- a n g l ed , w i t h 3 n a rrow , t h i c k , e ve n w i n g s .

204 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

See d l i n g s w i t h 4 - 9 co ty l e do n s

T . D I ST I C HUM ( L . ) R i c h . Commo n Ba l d Cy pre s s

A pyram i da l tre e 30- 37 m . ta l l ,- 3 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h w i d e - s p rea d i n g b ra n c h e s

,

becom i n g b ro a d a n d ro u n ded o r f l a t - to p pe d w i t h a ge . Tr u n k e n l a rge d a t t he ba s e,

s p rea d i n g i n to r i d ge s o r b u ttre s s e s , o fte n w i t h co n e - s h a ped k nee s pro j e c t i n gfrom s u bme rge d ro o t s . Ba r k b rown o r g ray , f i n e l y s h re ddy , pee l i n g o ff i n l o n g ,

f i n e,t h i n s tr i p s . Bra n c h l e t s g ree n i s h , s l i g h t l y pe n de n t . Lea ve s s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d

o n te rm i n a l b ra n c h l e t s , b u t mo s t l y 2 - ra n k ed o n s i de b ra n c h l e t s , nee d l e - l i k e , f l a t ,

s o ft, l - l . 7 cm . l o n g by 1 mm . w i de , d u l l l i g h t g ree n , w i t h 2 w h i t i s h ba n d s o f

s toma ta be l ow , tu rn i n g b rown a n d s he dd i n g w i th t he b ra n c h l e t i n the a u tumn , a pe xa c um i n a te . Ma l e s t ro b i l i a t t i p s o f 2 yea r o l d bra n c h l e t s , 10 cm . l o n g , i n ad roo p i n g c l u s te r , p u r p l i s h , o pe n i n g i n the s p r i n g , w i t h 4 - 5 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l eco ne g l o bo s e , smo o t h , l i g h t p u rp l i s h - ta n to g ray - b rown , o n a pe d u n c l e 3 mm.

l o n g,

w i t h 20 s ca l e s , 2 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de . See d s 1- 3 pe r s ca l e , w i t hl a rge re s i n po c k e t s , re dd i s h - b rown o r ye l l ow i s h , i rreg u l a r , l - l . 5 cm . l o n g by5-6 mm . w i de , w i t h 3 n a r row e ve n w i n g s .

S . De l awa re to S . F l o r i da to E . Tex a s , 152 -518 m. .

T D I ST I C H UM va r . IMBRI CARI UM ( N u t t . ) Croom Po nd Ba l d Cyp re s sT . d i s t i c h um va r . n u ta n s a s c e nde n s lyptos trobus l i ne a t u s(Po i r ) Dr u c e i n pa r t .

A na rrow l y co n i c a l t re e to 25 m . ta l l , w i t h s ho r t , e rec t,i rre g u l a r b ra n c he s

,

fo rm i ng a ro u n de d c rown . Tr u n k e n l a rge d a t the ba s e . Ba r k re dd i s h - brown pro fu s e l yfu rrowed . Bra n c h e s s p rea d i n g , e re c t , s ome t i me s somewh a t pe nde n t . B ra n c h l e t s l o n g

,

e re c t , u p r i g h t . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s 5- 10 mm . l o n g , n a r row , f l a t te ne d . Ad u l t l e a ve sdimorphi c , spi ra11y a r ra n g e d , s c a l e - l i k e , 2 nun l o n g by mm . w i de

,c u r ved

,

aw l - s ha pe d , a p pre s s e d , i n c u rve d , s u b u l a te , a c u te , l oo s e l y i mbr i c a te,r i d ge d o n

t he ba c k . Ma l e s tro b i l i g l o b u l a r , o n l o n g ra ceme - l i k e bra n c h l e ts , i n g ro u p s,

s c a l e s a c um i na te . Fema l e c o ne g l o b u l a r , g l a u c o u s - l i g h t brown , smoo t h ,- 3 cm .

l o n g by cm . w i de , a t e n d s o f t h i c k b ra n c h l e ts , s ca l e s ro u nded . See d s ta n ,

o b l i q ue , tr i a n g u l a r , woo dy , 12 mm . l o n g by 11 mm . w i de .

S . E . V i rg i n i a to S . F l o r i d a to S . E . Lo u i s i a n a , nea r t he coa s t , to121 m . o r mo re .

T . MUC RONATUM Te n . Mo n te z uma Ba l d Cy pre s s

A tree 15- 43 m . ta l l , 12 - 52 m . i n g i r t h o r mo re , w i t h a b roa d c rown o fs pre a d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k re d d i s h - b rown , s h a l l ow l y furrowed . Tru n k e n l a rg e d a tt he ba s e , w i t h r i d g e s , s ome t i me s w i t h sma l l k nee s proj e c t i n g from s u bme rg edroo t s . Fo l i a g e u s u a l l y e ve rg ree n , s ome t i me s de c i d uo u s whe n g rown in co l d e rc l i ma te s . Lea ve s 2- ra n k ed , need l e - l i ke , 6- 12 mm. l o ng , d u l l l i g h t gree n , u s ua l l ype r s i s te n t , bu t s ome t i me s tu rn i n g ye l l ow o r brown i n t he s pr i n g a n d fa l l i n g a snew g rowth eme rg e s ; a pe x o btu s i s h a n d mu c ro n u l a te . Ma l e s tro b i l i i n o pe nd roo p i n g c l u s te rs , 5- 15 cm . l o n g , o pe n i n g i n t he a u tum n . Fema l e co ne o b l o n g ,

p rom i ne n t l y wa r ty , g ray o r brown , to cm . i n d i ame te r , wi t h 20- 28 s ca l e s ,

s ome t i me s s omewha t g l a u co u s , s c a l e s c re s ted . See d s 2 pe r s ca l e , da r k red d i s hb rown , 3- a n g l e d , to 6 mm . l o n g o r mo re .

s .w. Texa s ; Me x i co : Tama u l i pa s ; Oa xa c a ; C h i a pa s ; G ua tema l a ;Ho nd u ra s , 427- 2100 m. .

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206 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I RS V I I I 1986

T. CA NA DE N S I S Ma r s h . Ca na d i a n Yew

A sma l l , de n s e l y bra n c hed s h r u b 1- 2 m . ta l l , w i t h a c rown h a v i n g a s p rea do f 3- 4 m . w i d e . Bra n c h l e t s s h o r t , no t d i s po s ed ho r i zo n ta l l y . Ba r k o f s e a s o n a lbra n c h l e t s g ree n t u rn i ng re dd i s h - brown . B u d s g l o b u l a r , ye l l ow i s h - brow n , s c a l e sl a n c eo l a te . Lea ve s 2- ra n k ed , ho r i zo n ta l l y s prea d i n g o u twa rd s , da r k ye l l ow - g ree n ,

l . 3- 2 cm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , n a r row l y a c u te , c l o s e l y a rra n ge d , w i t h 2 pa l eba n d s o f g re e n s toma ta be l ow , ma rg i n s g ree n , a pex b l u n t l y a c u te o r s ho r t l ypo i n te d , o n a t h i n , ye l l ow i s h pe t i o l e - 1 nnr l o n g . Mo n oe c i o u s . Fema l e co ne i ng ro u p s o f 2 - 3 ; a r i l b r i g h t re d , 2- 3 mm . l o n g . Seed s s l i g h t l y f l a t te ne d , g l o bo s e ,

w i de r t ha n l o n g , 3 nnu l o n g by mm . w i de , a pex b l u n t l y po i n ted .

E n dem i c to s o u t hea s t Ca n a da a n d i n t he no r t hea s t U n i ted S ta te s , 365- 415 m .

T . CANA D E N S I S v a r . F LO R I DANA ( N u t t . e x Chapm. ) S i l b a F l o r i da Yew

A de n se l y b ra n c hed t ree o r a l a rge s h r u b 4 - 10 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r t h ,

w i t h a s ho r t tr u n k . Ba r k p u rp l i s h - b rown , smoo t h , e x fo l i a t i ng i n th i n p l a te s .

B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h - g ree n t u rn i n g re dd i s h - b rown . Lea ve s 2 - ra n k e d , l i nea r ,

f l a t , s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , da r k g ree n a bo ve , 2 cm . l o n g by um. w i de,

w i t h 2 g ray ba n d s be l ow , a c u te a t t he a pex , pe t i o l e ve ry s ho r t , a roma t i c whe nc ru s hed . Ma l e s tro b i l i 3 mm . i n d i ame te r , pa l e ye l l ow , o n a s ho rt ped u n c l e ,

bo rne s i n g l y . Fema l e co ne bo rne s i n g l y , s ta l k l e s s , a r i l l i g h t red to s ca r l e t .

See d s e g g - s ha pe d to e l l i p t i c a l , b row n , 10 mm . l o n g , b l u n t po i n ted , n ea r l ye n c l o s e d by t he a r i l .

N.W. F l o r i da , Ga d s e n a n d L i be r ty Co u n t i e s , E . Appalac i chola R i ve r ,

to 30 m. .

T . C U S P I DATA S i e b . et Z u c c . J a pa n e s e Y ew

A t re e l6- 20 m . ta l l , w i t h u p r i g h t , w i de l y - s p re a d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k re dd i s hb rown , f l a ky . B ra n c he s s ho r t , n o t d i s po s e d ho r i zo n ta l l y . B ra n c h l e t s red d i s hb rown . B ud s o b l o n g , c he s tn u t- brown ; s c a l e s g e ne ra l l y o va te , kee l e d . Lea ve si rreg u l a r l y d i s t i c ho u s ; S p re a d i n g i n a n i rre g u l a r , pa rt i a l l y u p r i g h t , V - l i ketro u g h , o f te n fa l ca te o r c u rv i n g , cm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , g ree n w i t h2 l a rge ye l l ow- g ree n o r g o l de n - g re e n ba nd s be l ow , s h i ny b l a c k i s h g ree n a bo ve ,

a pe x w i t h a p u n g e n t b l a c k i s h m u c ro n ; pe t i o l e yel lowi sh, l mm . l o n g . Fema l e co n ew i t h a s c a r l e t re d a r i l . See d s o v o i d , 3- 4 a ng l e d , compre s s ed , 6 mm . l o n g .

Ko rea ; N. E . C h i n a ; S . E . Ja pa n : Ho n do , S h i ko k u , 500- 2400 m. .

T . G LO BOSA S c h l ec h t . Mex i ca n Yew

A s l e n de r tree 6- 15 m . ta l l , 3 m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a ro u n de d c rown .

Ba r k re d d i s h - brown , pee l i n g o ff i n l o n g f l a ke s . B ra n c he s l o n g , s pre a d i n g ,

f i ne l y d i v i ded . B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow - b rown . B u d s co n i ca l ,- l nun l o n g ; s ca l e s

o b tu s e , kee l ed . Lea ve s s p re a d i n g ho r i zo n ta l l y , da r k g l o s sy g ree n , l i nea r , s l i g h t l yfa l c a te , cm . l o n g , ma rg i n s s l i g h t l y rec u rved , s i l ve ry be l ow , s ha rp l ypo i n ted , s p i ne - t i p ped , pe t i o l e l o ng a n d twi s ted . Fema l e co n e o n a s ca l y ped u n c l e

mm . l o n g , cy l i nd r i c a l , be l l - s ha pe d , a r i l re d a n d - 3 mm . l o n g . See d sg l o b u l a r , f l a tte ned , p ro j e c te d we l l beyo n d the a r i l a f te r ma tu r i ty , 6 um. l o n g by4 mm . wi de , l i g h t b rown , b ro a d l y o b l o n g , a pe x po i n ted .

C . Me x i co ; 5. G ua tema l a ; S . E l S a l v a do r ; N . Ho n d u ra s , 1690-3333 m. .

S i l b a , E ncyc l o pa ed i a C on i fe rae 207

T SUMATRANA (Mi q . ) De L a u b . C h i ne s e YewT . c h i ne n s i s ( Pi lg . ) Re h d =T . celebi ca ( Wa rb . ) Li ,

=T. ma i re i Lemee et Levl . ,

A l a rge b ro a d s h r u b o r a sma l l t ree 15- 30 m . ta l l , to l m . i n g i r th , w i t hs ho r t , f i ne b ra n c he s . Ba rk re d d i s h - p u r p l e , smoo th , th i n , f i s s u re d

.B ra n c h l e ts

ye l l ow i s h - g ree n a t f i r s t . B u d s w i t h o b tu s e , dec i d uo u s , no n - kee l ed s ca l e s . Le a ve sd i s po se d i n 2 - ra n k s , s omewh a t s pa r s e , l i ne a r - l a n ceo l a te , kee l e d

, 2 - 4 cm . l o n gby 2 mm . w i de , da rk s h i ny g re e n a bo ve , br i g h t g ree n be l ow w i th 2 l a rge g rayba nd s o f s toma ta , u s ua l l y fa l c a te a n d c u rved , s ho r t l y po i n te d , ba s e o b l i q ue a n ddecurent . Ma l e s tro b i l i o n a s ho r t s ta l k a bo ve a ba s a l c l u s te r o f s te r i l e s c a l e s ,

g l o b u l a r , to 4 mm . i n d i ame te r . Fema l e co ne s i n g ro u p s o f 2 - 3 , w i t h a re d a r i l .

Seed bro a d l y o vo i d , s omewha t f l a t te n e d , 3- a n g l e d , d i s t i n c t l y kee l e d o n bo t hs i de s , 6- 7 mm . l o n g by 3- 4 mm . w i de .

N. E . I n d i a : A s s am ; N . B u rma ; C . C h i na ; S . V i e tn am , I n do ne s i a : S uma tra a n dCe l e be s ; P h i l i p p i n e s ; Ta i wa n , 457- 2450 m. .

T WAL L I C H I ANA Z u c c . H i ma l aya n YewT . y u n n a ne n s i s C he n g et Fu

A l a rge s h r u b o r a tree 9- 20 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rth . Bra n c h l e t s l i g h tb rown . B u d s o vo i d , 2 mm . l o n g ; s c a l e s b l u n t l y a c u te , kee l e d . Lea ve s s p i ra l l ya rra n ge d , S p rea d i ng fo rwa rd s i n a V - l i ke pa tte rn , s t ra i g h t , cm . l o n g by2- 3 mm . l o n g , n o t a t a l l fa l c a te , re l a t i ve l y c l o s e l y pre s s e d to the bra n c h l e t

,

dee p g l o s sy g ree n , pa l e r be l ow , ma rg i n s de f i n i te l y re c u rve d , a pe x s p i ne - t i p pe d,

pe t i o l e tw i s ted . Ma l e s t ro b i l i w i t h 8- 10 s tame n s . Fema l e co ne w i t h a re da r i l whi c h i s pa p i l l o s e a n d l oo s e , a n d a t l e a s t 3 mm . l o n g a fte r d ry i n g . See d sn a rrow l y o b l o n g , ro u nde d , po i n te d , p u rp l i s h - ta n , a n g u l a r , 6 mm . l o n g . Co ty l e do n s2 .

N. E . A fg h a n i s ta n ; N . I n d i a ; B h u ta n ; C h i n a : S . T i be t a nd po s s i b l y i n Y u n na n ,

l600- 33DO m. .

TE TRAC L I N I S ( Va h l . ) Ma s t ( C u p re s s a cea e )

A mo no typ i c ge n u s from t he Me d i te r ra ne a n Re g i o n . A mo noe c i o u s s h ru b o r sma l ltree w i t h d i s t i n c t l y f l a t te ne d , j o i n t - l i ke bra n c h l e ts . Bra n c he s e re c t a n dcompa c t . Lea ve s m i n u te , s c a l e - l i k e , a c u te , i n who r l s o f 4 , w i t h a sma l lt ra n s pa re n t g l a n d nea r the a pe x , o n a r t i c u l a te bra n c h l e t s . Ma l e co ne s te rm i na l ,

g l o b u l a r . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , w i t h 4 s ca l e s , Ope n i ng i n t he cen ter u po n ma t u r i ty ,

co n e w i t h 2 p a i rs o f va l va te s c a l e s , 2 s c a l e s o va l - S ha pe d , 2 s c a l e s s q ua r i s h ,

s c a l e s g ro o ve d nea r t he ba s e , w i t h a sma l l S p i ny umbo o n t he u ppe r ha l f o f thes c a l e s . See d s 1- 2 pe r s c a l e , w i t h 2 broa d , u ne ve n w i ng s . Co ty l edo n s 4 -5.

1 . ART I C U LATA Ma s t . Med i te rra nea n Sa nd a ra c - Cypre s s

A mu l t i - s temme d s h ru b o r a py ram i da l tree 12 - 15 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h ,

w i t h a n i rre g u l a r c rown a n d a f l u ted tru n k . Ba r k re dd i s h - brown , ex fo l i a t i n g i nt h i n , s ca l y p l a te s . Bra n c he s S l e n de r , s prea d i n g ho r i zo n ta l l y , wi th n ume ro u s l a tera lbra n c h l e t s . B ra n c h l e t s f l a tte ned , a r t i c u l a te , smoo th , d i s t i n c t l y j o i n ted a nds tra i g h t , w i t h p i n k i s h ba r k . B u d s i n co n s p i c uo u s . Lea ve s i n j o i n t - l i ke s e gme n ts ,

i n 4 - ra n k s , s ca l e - l i ke , pa l e g re e n to g l a u c o u s , w i t h a sma l l tra n s pa re n t g l a n dnea r t he a pe x , m i n u te , mm . l o ng by - 1 mm . w i de , tr i a n gu l a r , o va te - a c u te to

208 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

a c um i na te ; l a te ra l l e a v e s s l i g h t l y l a rg e r , pa r t i a l l y c o ve r i n g t he fa c i a l l ea ve s ,

w i t h l o n g a t ta c he d ba s e s ; a pex free . Fema l e co n e s r i pe n i n g i n 1 yea r a n d o pe n i n gi n the ce n te r u po n ma tu r i ty , c o ne o vo i d , g l a u co u s - b rown , o n a th i n pe d u n c l e 5 mm .

l o n g , c o ne 12 mm. l o n g by 11 mm . w i de , w i t h 2 pa i r s o f t h i n , va l va te s c a l e s ;2 s c a l e s s q ua re , 2 s c a l e s o va l - s h a ped a n d g roo ve d ne a r t he ba s e , w i t h a sma l l , s p i nyumbo o n t h e u p pe r h a l f o f th e s c a l e s to 1 mm . l o n g . See d s l i g h t ta n a n d g l a u co u s

,

n u t 5 mm . l o n g by 3 mm . w i de , w i t h 2 l o n g , de c u r ve d w i n g s , ea c h w i n g a t l e a s t OWL

w i de . Co ty l edo n s 4 -5, 12 - 22'

mm. l o n g , o b tu s e a t the a pe x , s eed l i n g s w i t h g l a u co u sl e a ve s w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow .

S . S p a i n ; Mo ro c co ; A l ge r i a ; Tu n i s i a ; 500- 1800 m. .

TH UJA L . ( C u p re s sa cea e )

A ge n u s o f 5 s pec i e s n a t i ve to No r th Ame r i c a a n d E . A s i a . Mo no e c i o u s tree s w i t hho r i zo n ta l , s p rea d i n g o r a s c e n d i n g b ra n c he s . Bra n c h l e t s s l e n de r , f l a t te ne d ,

re l a t i ve l y s ho r t , mo re o r l e s s i n the s ame p l a ne , sma l l e r b ra n c h l e ts de c i d uo u sw i t h t he l e a v e s i n ta c t a f te r s e ve ra l s e a s o n s . Fo l i a ge q u i te fra g ra n t . B u d s i ncon

spi cuous . Lea ve s sma l l , s c a l e - l i k e , c l o se l y o ve r l a p p i n g , 4 - ra n k e d o r i n 2 o p po s i tes e t s , o va te , b l u n t l y a c u te , of te n w i th wh i te s toma ta be l ow . Ma l e co ne s o nb ra n c h l e t s nea r t he ba s e o f t he b ra n c he s , w i t h 3-6 pa i r s o f s tame n s . Fema l e co n e swoo dy no t f l e s hy , u s u a l l y bo rn e e re c t , ma t u r i n g i n o n e ye a r , o vo i d to g l o bu l a r ,

w i t h 4 -6 pa i r s o f o va l - o b l o n g s c a l e s ; s c a l e s t h i n a n d ta pe r i n g , o n l y t he m i d d l es c a l e s a re fe r t i l e ; w i t h 2 - 3 o v u l e s pe r fe rt i l e s ca l e ; s ca l e s w i th sma l l a p i c a lumbo s . See d s t h i n , f l a t te n e d , w i t h 2 n a r row , e ve n w i n g s o n bo th s i de s o f t h e n u t .

Co ty l e do n s 2 .

T . KO RA I E NS I S Na k a i Ko re a n Th u j a

A l ow s prea d i n g s h r u b w i t h de c umbe n t bra n c he s , o r a sma l l n a rrow l y py ram i da ltree 8- 10 m . ta l l , 30- 75 cm . i n g i r t h o r mo re , w i t h b ra n c he s a s ce nd i n g a t t hee n d s . Ba r k red o r c ho co l a te - b rown , ex fo l i a t i n g i n f i ne s c a l e s . Bra n c h l e ts ve ryf l a t te ne d , b r i g h t g ree n a bo ve , w i t h a v i s i b l e g l a nd , g ree n i s h - wh i te be l ow , a l mo n ds ce n ted . Le a v e s a c u te , tr i a n g u l a r , 1- 2 mm . l o n g ; o n ma i n b ra n c h l e t s tr i a n g u l a ro va te , a c um i n a te , g l a n d u l a r ; o n l a te ra l bra n c h l e t s de l to i d o r r homb i c , a c u t i s ho r o b tu s e , g l a nd u l a r , br i g h t g ree n a bov e a n d b l o ome d b l u i s h - wh i te , g l a u co u sbe l ow , co n ca ve o r g roo ve d be l ow . Fema l e co ne e l l i p t i c - o vo i d , red d i s h - b rown a n dS l i g h t l y g l a u co u s , 8- 10 m . l o n g by 6-8 rrm. w i de , w i th 4 p a i r s o f s ca l e s , 2

m i d d l e pa i r s o f s ca l e s fer t i l e , s c a l e s o va l to n a rrowl y o bo va te w i t h a sma l l ,

re c u rve d umbo . See d s 4 mm . l o n g by 3 um. w i de , w i ng s ro u n ded a t th e a pe x .

N . Ko re a : Ko g e n P ro v i n c e , D i amo n d Mts . , Mi roku- ho to L a o l i n g - san, S .

Kankeyo P ro v i n ce , 800- 2000 m. .

T . OCC I DE NTAL I S L . We s te rn Th u j a

A n a rrow l y co n i c a l tree 12 - 21 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h s ho r t ,

s prea d i ng b ra n c he s . Tru n k a n g l e d , o fte n bu t tre s se d . Ba rk l i g h t re d - b rown ,

s h re ddy , f i s s u red i n to na rrow r i d ge s . B ra n c h l e ts d i s t i n c t l y f l a tte ned , m u c hd i v i ded , w i t h s ho r t l a te ra l bra n c h l e t s , fo l i a ge co l o red d i ffe re n t l y o n bo thS i de s , a roma t i c , j o i n ted , d i s po sed i n a ho r i zo n ta l p l a ne . Lea ve s i n 4 - ra n k s ;f l a t pa i r w i t h a v i s i b l e g l a n d nea r the a pe x ,

- 3 mm . l o n g , s c a l e - l i k e ,

s ho r t - po i n te d , w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow ; S i de pa i r kee l ed , d u l l ye l l ow- g ree na bo ve , p a l e r b l ue - g ree n be l ow , o v a te , a c u te , tu rn i n g d u l l brown i s h - gree n i n t he

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210 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

TH U J OP S I S S i eb . et Z u c c . ( C u p re s s a c ea e )

A mo no typ i c ge n u s from J a pa n . A mo noe c i o u s e ve rg ree n tre e w i t h i nc o n s p i c uo u sb ud s . B ra n c h l e t s b roa d , ve ry t h i c k , m u c h f l a t te ned , fro n d - l i k e , d i s po s ed i nho r i zo n ta l p l a n e s . Lea ve s a xe - s h a pe d , o p po s i te , i n 4 rows , w i t h p rom i ne n t wh i tes toma ta be l ow , s l i g h t l y swo l l e n , a pe x a c u te a nd i n c u rve d ; fa c i a l l e a ve s o bo va te ;l a te ra l l e a ve s bo a t - s h a pe d , g l a n d s a b s e n t . Fo l i a ge fa i n t l y s ce n ted o f terpentine .

Ma l e co ne s w i t h 12 - 20 de c u s s a te s c a l e s , a n t he r s broa d l y ro u n de d , w i t h 3- 5 po l l e ns a c s . Fema l e co ne r i pe n i ng i n o n e yea r , woo dy , s u bg l o bo s e , w i t h 6- 10 s c a l e s ,

u p pe r s c a l e s u s u a l l y s te r i l e , fe r t i l e s c a l e s w i t h 3- 5 s e ed s , s ca l e s o fte n w i t hs ho r t , b l u n t umbo s . Seed s w i t h 2 n a r row , e ve n w i n g s . Co ty l edo n s 2 .

T . DOLABRATA ( L i n n . f . ) S i e b . et Z u c c . So u t he rn Ja pa ne se H i ba -A rbo rv i ta e

A py ram i da l tree to 15 m . ta l l , w i t h a s l e nde r tr u n k a n d a de n s e c rown .

Ba r k re dd i s h - brown , s c a l y , f i s s u red i n to l o n g s tr i p s . B ra n c he s i rreg u l a r l y who r l e do r s c a t te re d , s p rea d i n g ho r i zo n ta l l y . B ra n c h l e ts f l a t te ne d , t h i c k e n ed , da r k g ree na bo ve , w i t h wh i te s toma ta be l ow . Lea ve s t h i c k , de c u s s a te , s c a l e - l i ke , br i g h t g ree n ,

kee l e d , l a te ra l l e a ve s i n c u rve d a t the a pex , 4 -6 nnn l o n g , ma r ked w i t h a b roa dwh i te ba n d be l ow , o bo v a te - o b l o n g , o b tu se , a d n a te e x c e p t n ea r the a pex . Ma l e c o n ecy l i n d r i c a l , da r k v i o l e t , s c a l e s de c u s s a te a n d i n 4 - ra n k s , a n the r s b ro a d l yro u n ded , w i t h 3- 5 po l l e n s a c s . Fema l e c o ne b ro a d l y o vo i d to g l o b u l a r , b rowng l a u co u s , l 3- l . 9 cm . l o n g , w i t h 6- 10 s c a l e s ; w i th th i c k , prom i n e n t , u pc u rvedumbo s 2 - 3 mm . l o n g by 2 nm. wi de . Seed s 3- 5 pe r s ca l e . Co ty l edo n s 2 .

S . Japa n : Ho n do ; S h i ko k u I s l a n d s ; K i u - s h i u I s l a n d , 1800- 2000 m. .

T . DOLABRATA va r . HON DA I Ma k i no No r the rn Ja pa ne s e H i ba -Arbo rv i ta e

A tree 8- 30 m . ta l l , l - 3 m . i n g i rt h , w i t h a s tra i g h t tru n k . Ba r k b rown i s h - g raya n d p u rp l i s h , e xfo l i a t i n g i n th i n , l o n g s tr i p s . B ra n c he s mo re de n s e , p a r t i a l l yo ve r l a p p i n g . Lea v e s sma l l e r , o b tu se , no n - re c u rved a t the a pe x , b l u n t , swo l l e n a tt he a pex , 2- 3 mm . l o n g by mm . w i de ; l a te ra l l e a ve s i n c u rve d , more wh i te rbe l ow . Fema l e co ne s g l o bo s e , smoo th , ye l l ow i s h - brown , s l i g h t l y g l a u co u s , w i t h 8s c a l e s , cm . l o n g ; s c a l e s wr i n k l y , l e s s t h i c ke ne d a t the a pex , umbo si n c o n s p i c uo u s a n d no t a t a l l p ro t u be ra n t o r ra re l y to mm . l o n g . See d s ta n ,

mm . l o ng , w i t h 2 e ve n , broa d wi n g s 1 mm . wi de .

N . J a p a n : H i yama ; Ma ts umae ; N i s h i ; Kam i i s o a n d Kame da D i s tr i c ts , 850- 1100 m. .

TO RR E YA Arn . ( Ta xa ce ae )

A ge n u s o f f i ve s pe c i e s from No r t h Ame r i c a a n d E . As i a . D i oe c i o u s o r s e l dommo noe c i o u s tree s w i th f i s s u re d ba r k , who r l e d bra n c he s a n d s u bop po s i te bra n c h l e ts .

B ud s o vo i d - a c u te , w i t h few s h i ny s ca l e s i n o p po s i te pa i r s . Lea ve s s p i ra l l ya rra n ge d o n ma i n bra n c he s , mo re o fte n 2- ra n ke d o n l a te ra l bra n c h l e t s , l i ne a r ,

t h i c k , p l a s t i c - l i k e , l ea the ry , S p i ne - t i p ped , s omewha t h ump - ba c ke d , w i t ho u t ad i s t i nc t m i dr i b a bo ve , w i t h 2 na rrow s toma ta l ba n d s be l ow s u n ke n i n l o ng i t ud i n a lg roo ve s , w i t h a re s i n d u c t i n the m i d d l e . Cru s he d fo l i a ge has a p u n gen t o do r .

Ma l e s tro b i l i o vo i d o r o b l o n g , w i t h 6-8 who r l s o f s tamen s , s u b te n de d a t th e ba s eby b u d s ca l e s . Fema l e s tro b i l i co n s i s t i n g o f a s o l i ta ry ov u l e s urro u n de d a t theba s e by a f l e s hy a r i l a nd se ve ra l s c a l e s . Fema l e co ne wi t h a d i s a g reea b l e o do r

,

r i pe n i ng i n 2 yea rs , d r u pe - l i ke , o vo i d , w i t h a l a rge th i c k - s h e l l e d s ee d com p l e te l yco ve red by a t h i n , ha rd , l ea t he ry s ca l e . See d s o ne pe r cone , th i c k - s he l l e d

,

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe rae 211

w i n g l e s s . Co ty l e do n s 2 , rema i n i n g be l ow the g ro u n d i n ge rm i n a t i o n ( hy po g ea l )

T . CAL I FO RN I CA To rr . Ca l i fo r n i a To rreya

A tree 5- 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i rt h , w i t h s p rea d i n g b ra n c he s a n d aco n i c a l o r ro u n de d c rown . Ba r k g ray - brown , th i n , f i s s u re d . B ra nc he s i nho r i zo n ta l w ho r l s , s p re a d i n g , s u bo p po s i te , s u bd i s t i c ho u s , ye l l ow i s h - g re e nt u rn i n g red brown i n t he s e co nd yea r . Fo l i a g e s tro n g l y a roma t i c . B u d s g ree nt i n te d g ray , s c a l e s i n o p po s i te p a i r s . Le a ve s 2 - ra n ke d , th i c k

,r i g i d

, subdi s ti

c ho u s , l i ne a r - l a n ceo l a te , a c um i n a te , br i g h t da r k gree n a bo ve , g ree n w i t h 2 na rrowwh i t i s h l i ne s be l ow , 3-6 cm . l o n g by - 3 mm . w i de , f l a t te ne d , s l i g h t l y c u rved

,

S ho r t - po i n te d , pe r s i s t 4 yea r s , pe t i o l e s ho r t a n d tw i s te d . D i oe c i o u s . Ma l es tro b i l i s u b s e s s i l e , o b l o n g , pa l e ye l l ow i s h , 10 mm . l o n g . Fema l e co ne g ree nt i n te d v i o l e t - b rown to p u r p l i s h , bo r ne s i n g l y . See d o vo i d ,

-5 cm . l o n g by2 cm . w i de , f l a t te ned a t t he ba s e w i th 3 g roo ve s , b l u i s h - brown , w i t h a S ho r tpo i n t a t the a pe x .

N . C a l i fo rn i a , C . Coa s t Ra n ge s a n d W. S i e rra Ne v a da , 914 - 1981 m. .

T . G RAN D I S Fo r t . e x L i n d l . G ra n d To rreya

A tree 20- 25 m . ta l l , w i t h a s t ra i g h t tru n k . Ba r k g ray - b rown , f i s s u red .

B ra n c h l e ts s u bo p po s i te , who r l e d , ye l l ow i s h - b rown i n th e s e co n d yea r . B ud s g reen,

S h i ny , s ca l e s o p po s i te . Lea ve s s t ra i g h t , cm . l o n g by mm . w i de,

t h i c k , r i g i d , b r i g h t s h i ny g ree n , w i t h 2 l a rge impress sed ba n d s o f s toma tabe l ow i n 8- 10 l i n e s ; w i t h a s ho r t - po i n ted , punge n t a pex ; wi t h a s ho rt , re dd i s h

,

c o n to rte d petiole . _Male s tro b i l i pa l e ye l l ow . Fema l e co ne o bo va te , 2 cm .

l o n g by cm . w i d e . See d o bo vo i d - o b l o n g to o va l , brown i s h , cm .

l o n g , profu s e l y g roo ve d , re t i c u l a te a t t he e nd s , mu cro na te .

C h i na : Anwhei to Kwe i c how , to 1400 m. .

T . GRAN D I S va r . FARG E S I I ( Fra n c h . ) S i l ba Fa rge s To rreya

A s h ru b o r a Sma l l tree 8- 20 m . ta l l ,- 1 5 m . i n g i r t h . Bra nc h l e t s ye l l ow i s h

b rown i n the se c o nd yea r . Lea ve s s tra i g h t o r s omewha t fa l ca te , l . 3- 3 cm . l o n gby 2- 3 mm . w i de , s h i ny da r k gree n a bo ve w i t h 2 g ro ov e s a l o ng the m i d r i b , g ree nbe l ow w i t h 2 ba nd s o f s toma ta i n 6- 7 l i ne s each, s li ghtly f l a tte ned be l ow , w i t ha n a rrow pu n ge n t s p i ne - t i p ped a pe x , ba s e ro u nded . Ma l e s tro b i l i s u b s e s s i l e .

Fema l e co ne g l o bu l a r , l . 5- 2 cm . l o n g , te rm i n a ted by a sma l l S ho r t s p i ne , e ndos pe rm t h i c k , rum i n a te .

C h i n a : Y u n n a n , Salouan V a l l ey ; S ze c h u a n ; Hu pe h ; S h e n s i , 1000- 3400 m. .

T . JAC K I I C h u n C he k i a n g To rreya

A tree 9- 12 m . ta l l , to 20 cm . i n g i rt h o r mo re , w i t h ere c t bra n c he s a nda n i rre g u l a r o r ro u n ded c rown , o r freq u e n t l y a mu l t i - stemiied s h ru b . Ba r k g raybrown , exfo l i a t i n g i n f i ne s c a l e s . Bra n c h l e ts a s ce nd i n g w i th S prea d i n g o rs omewha t pe nde n t bra n c h l e t s . Bra n c h l e t s g ree n i s h - brown t ur n i n g red - brown , the nf i na l l y d u l l gray . Lea v e s d i s po sed i n a w i de V- l i ke pa tte rn , l i nea r , fa l ca te ,

g ra d u a l l y ta per i n g to a n a c u te a pe x ,- 9 cm . l o n g by 3-5 mm . w i de , g ree n

a bo ve , ye l l ow i s h - g ree n be l ow w i t h 2 ba n d s o f wh i t i s h s toma ta , ma rg i n s no nre vo l u te , ba se s l i g h t l y tw i s te d , no ta b l y s ce n ted whe n c ru s hed . Fema l e co neo bovo i d , u s ua l l y s ta l k l e s s , 2- 3 cm . l o n g , g l a u co u s - g ree n , e ndo s perm ve ryrum i n a te .

12 PHYTOLOGIA M EMO I R S V I I I 1986

C h i na : C h e k i a n g , H s i e n - C h u H s i e n , 400 - 900 m. .

T . N U C I F E RA ( L . ) S i e b . et Z u c c . Ja pa ne s e To rreya

A tree 6- 25 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h . Ba rk g ray i s h - brown,s hal l ow l y

f i s s ure d a nd f l a ky . Bra n c he s ho r i zo n ta l l y d i s po s ed , w i de - spreading . Branchlets

a l te rn a te , s omewh a t pe n d e n t , g ree n t u r n i n g re dd i s h - brown i n t he s eco n d yea r .

B ud s mm . l o n g , w i t h s h i ny membra neo u s s c a l e s . Lea ve s 2 - ra n ke d , l i nea rl a n c eo l a te , r i g i d , c u rved , p u n g e n t , cm . l o n g by 3- 4 mm. w i de , da r k g ree na bo ve , w i th 2 s toma ta l ba n d s be l ow , a pe x e n d i n g a br u p t l y i n a s p i ny po i n t , w i t ha s ho r t co n to r te d pe t i o l e , w i t h a d i s a g ree a b l e od o r whe n c ru s hed . Ma l e s tro b i l ii n a x i l s o f l ea ve s , to mm . l o n g , w i t h n ume ro u s s tame n s , w i t h 4 po l l e n s a c s .

Fema l e co ne i n g ro u p s o f 2 , i n a x i l s of sma l l l e a ve s , o n a ru d i me n ta ry ped u n c l e .

See d s n a rrow l y o bo vo i d to o b l o n g , cm . l o n g , g ree n w i th a p u rp l i s h b l oom ,

l o n g i tu d i na l l y s t r i a ted , fl a tte n ed a t th e ba s e , ed i b l e .

J a pa n : c e n tra l Ho n s h u .

T . TA X I F O L I A A rn . F l o r i d a Y ew

A sma l l t re e to 9 m . ta l l o r s ome t i me s l a rg e r i n c u l t i va t i o n , to m . i ng i r t h , w i th a n o pe n , co n i c a l c rown o f s prea d i n g , ho r i zo n ta l bra n c he s . Ba r k b rown

,

t i n g ed o ra n g e , s ha l l ow l y fu rrowe d , s h redd i n g i n th i n s t r i p s . B ra n c h l e ts s to u t,

s ome t i me s s l i g h t l y pe nde n t , g ree n o r ye l l ow - g ree n . Lea ve s 2- ra n ke d , na r row,

l a n c e - s ha ped ,- 4 cm . l o n g by 2 - 4 mm. w i de , s omewha t fa l c a te , t h i c k , p u ng e n t

,

b r i g h t d a r k g ree n a bo ve , f l a t te ne d be l ow , l i g h t g ree n be l ow w i th 2 wh i te ba nd so f s toma ta , ma rg i n s o b tu s e , a pex a c u te a nd s p i ny , w i t h a S ho r t pe t i o l e

,w i t h

a s tro n g l y d i s a g ree a b l e s ce n t whe n c r u s hed . Ma l e s tro b i l i 6-8 mm . l o n g by 3 mm .

w i de , p a l e ye l l ow , s o l i ta ry , s u b g l ob o s e . Fema l e co n e ma t u r i n g i n 2 yea rs,da r k

g ree n , s tr i ped pu r p l e , cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , w i t h a wh i t i s hb l oom . See d s re dd i s h - brown , 2 cm . l o ng by cm . w i de .

S .W. Geo rg i a , Dec a t u r Co u n ty to J a c k so n Co u n ty , N.W. F l o r i da ,

to 30 m. , ma ny tree s d i e d from a re ce n t l o c a l b l i g h t .

TS UGA ( E n d l . ) Ca r r . ( P i n a cea e )

A ge n u s o f te n S pe c i e s na t i v e to No r th Amer i ca a nd E . A s i a . Mo noe c i o u s tree sw i t h S l e n de r , ho r i zo n ta l b ra n c he s , o fte n pende n t a t th e t i p s . Bra n c h l e t s o fte ng roo ved , w i t h c u s h i o n - l i k e l e a f s ta l k s . Bu d s m i n u te , d i s t i nc t from t he l ea ve s ,

u s u a l l y no n - re s i no u s . Lea ve s u s u a l l y 2- ra n ke d o r some t i me s s p i ra l l y a rra nge d ,

l i ne a r , f l a tte ned o r a n g u l a r , s ho r t - s ta l ked , a pe x ro u nded o r mo re o fte n no tc hed ,

pe r s i s te n t , c l o s e l y set ; w i t h wh i te s toma ta u s u a l l y b e l ow , ra re l y a bo ve ; w i t ho ne re s i n ca n a l pe r l ea f , l o c a ted be twee n the v a s c u l a r b u n d l e a nd t he l owers u rfa ce . Ma l e s tro b i l i a x i l l a ry , s u bg l o bo se , o n 2 yea r o l d b ra n c h l e ts , w i t hro u n ded c l u s te r s o f s p i ra l l y a rra nged , 2 - ce l l ed a n th e r s . Fema l e co ne s ma tu r i ngi n o ne ye a r , pe n de n t , s ome t i me s s h ed d i n g the s ee d s i n th e seco nd ye a r , o pe n i n gu po n ma tu r i ty , sma l l , o va te o r o b l o ng ; w i th t h i n , f l ex i b l e , pe r s i s te n t , ro u nded ,

o ve r l a p p i ng , l ea t he ry s ca l e s t h a t a re u s ua l l y m u c h l o n ge r tha n th e b ra c ts ,

bra c t s tr i a ng u l a r a nd u s u a l l y h i dde n . Seed s 2 pe r s ca l e , w i th a sma l l o vo i d

gut w i t h re s i n po c ke t s , a n d w i th o ne l o ng w i ng pro j ec t i ng ba c kwa rd s . Co ty l edo n s-6.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

214 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

T . C H I N E N S I S ( F ra n c h . ) Pr i t z . C h i ne se Hem l o c k'

T. fo r re s t i i Down i e ,=T . tchekiangens i s F l o u s

A tree 30- 50 m . ta l l , to 1 m . i n g i r th , w i th l o n g , f i ne bra n c he s . Ba rk o ra ngeb rown , w i th g ray - g re e n f l a ke s . Bra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h , m i n u te l y p u be s c e n t

,g roo ved .

Bud s o vo i d -o b t u se , da r k red - b rown , 2 - 4 mm . l o ng by 1 5- 2 mm . w i de , s ca l e s ro u nde da nd s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t . Le a ve s 2 - ra n k e d , s tra i g h t , l i nea r , s h i ny da rk g ree na bo ve , pa l er be l ow w i t h 6- 9 fa i n t s toma ta l l i n e s , 2 cm . l o n g by - 3 mm .

w i de , no t g roo ve d to t he a pex , ma rg i n s e n t i re , a pe x no tc he d o r ra re l y a c u te,w i t h

a re l a t i ve l y l o n g pe t i o l e . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , ye l l ow i s h - brown , cm . l o n gby l . 2 - 2 cm . w i de ; s c a l e s s u bo r b i c u l a r to nea r l y o b l o n g , s l i g h t l y pe n ta go na l ;bra c t tr i a n g u l a r l y co n to u red , f i n e l y de n t i c u l a te , w i th 2 s ho r t po i n t s . Se e d s w i tha n u t mm . l o n g , w i t h 1- 2 l a rge re s i n po c k e t s , w i n g to nun l o n g .

C h i na : Anwhei to S ze c h u a n , 600- 3962 m. .

T . C H I N E N S I S va r . FO RMOSA NA ( Haya ta ) L i ex Ke ng Fo rmo s a n Hem l o c kT . c h i ne n s i s v a r . dai buens i s Y i n g

A tree 36- 50 m . ta l l . B ra n c h l e t s ye l l ow i s h to somewha t p u rp l i s h , smoo t h .

Bu d s o vo i d , 3- 5 mm . l o n g by 2 - 3 mm . w i de , s l i g h t l y re s i no u s ; s ca l e s o b t u s e ,

kee l ed . Le a ve s 2- ra n k ed , 4 - 16 mm . l o n g by - 2 mm . w i de , l i nea r , w i t h fa i n twh i t i s h s toma ta be l ow i n 6-9 l i n e s , a pe x s ho r t l y no tc h ed , pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l ys ho r t . Fema l e co n e s o vo i d , cm . l o n g by cm . w i de , o n a s ho r tped u n c l e , co n e w i t h 20 s c a l es ; s c a l e s ro u nde d , o rb i c u l a r , f i n e l y de n t i c u l a te ;b ra c t fi ne l y de n t i c u l a te , no tc hed a t the a pe x . See d s w i t h a n u t 4 mm . l o n g ,

w i t h n ume ro us sma l l re s i n g l a n d s , w i n g to 9 mm . l o n g .

Ta i wa n : Mo u n t N i i ta ka ; Ari zan a nd Na n to , 1300- 3000 m. .

T . D I VE RS I FO L I A ( Ma x i m . ) Ma s t . No r the rn J a p a n e s e H em l o c k

A mu l t i - s temme d s h r u b o r a pyram i da l tree 16- 26 m . ta l l , 2 -4 m . i n g i r th .

Ba r k da r k o ra nge - b rown , r i dg e d , p i n k i s h i n the f i s s u re s . B ra n c h l e ts d a r kredd i s h - b rown to o ra n ge - b rown , w i th f i ne , e re c t p u be s c e n c e . Bu d s g l o b u l a r ,

f l a t te ne d , 2 mm . l o n g by 2 mm. w i de , m i n u te l y pu be s ce n t ; s ca l e s a c u te ,

kee l ed ; s l i g h t l y re s i no u s . Lea ve s 2 - ra n k ed , s tra i g h t , g roo ve d to t he a pex a bo ve ,

da r k gree n a bo ve , w h i t i s h be l ow w i th 10 l i ne s o f s toma ta , 6- 12 mm. l o n g by 1

mm . w i d e , ma rg i n s e n t ire , no n- de n t i c u l a te , a pex no tc he d , pe t i o l e finef Fema l eco ne s p he r i c a l , 2 cm . l o ng by 2 cm . w i de , s h i ny b rown ; s ca l e s o rbi c u l a r- o v a te ,

s h i ny , f i ne l y s tr i a ted , w i t h 2 de n t s a t the ba se ; bra c ts nea r l y re c ta ng u l a r w i t h2 sma l l po i n t s a t the a pex . See d s w i t h a n a rrow n u t to 4 nun l o n g w i t h n umero u sre s i n po c k e ts , w i ng to 10 mn. l o n g .

N . Japa n : C . Ho n do ; N i k ko a nd C h i c h i b u A l p s , 600- 2700 m. .

S i l b a , E n cyc l o pa e d i a C o n i fe ra e 215

T DUMOSA ( D . DO' ) ETChi . H i ma l aya n Hem l o c kT . yu n na ne n s i s ( F ra n c h . ) P r i t z

A tree to 40 m . ta l l , to m . i n g i r th , w i th a n i r reg u l a r c rown o f w i des pre a d i n g b ra n c he s . Ba r k s ha l l ow l y f i s s u red , s ca l y , p i n k i s h - brown . Bra n c h l e t sl i g h t b rown to redd i s h - g ray , p u be s c e n t , d roo p i n g . Bu d s ro u n ded - g l o bu l a r

,

f l a tte ned o n to p , 2 - 2 . 5 inn. l o n g by mm . w i de ; s ca l e s s l i g h t l y re s i no u s,

s ho r t l y p u be s c e n t , kee l e d . Le a ve s 2- ra n ked , l i nea r o r s l i g h t l y fa l c a te , g ree na bo ve , p rom i ne n t l y wh i te be l ow w i t h 10 s toma ta l l i ne s , to cm . l o n g by mm .

w i de , de n t i c u l a te ; a pe x n a rrowed , o b t u s e o r s l i g h t l y a c u te ; pe t i o l e re l a t i ve l ys ho r t . Fema l e co n e o vo i d , s e s s i l e , g l o s sy b rown , 2 cm . l o n g by l . 3- 2 cm . w i de ;s c a l e s ro u n ded , l o n ge r tha n w i de ; bra c t s s ho r t , d i amo n d - s ha pe d , w i th 2 po i n t s a tthe a pe x . See d s w i t h a n u t 3 mm . l o n g , w i t h l a r ge re s i n po c ke t s , w i ng 9- 10 mm .

l o n g .

N . I n d i a ; Ne pa l ; B h u ta n ; C h i na : T i be t to W . S ze c h ua n , 2300- 3500 m. .

T . H E T E ROP H Y L LA ( Ra f . ) Sa rg . We s te r n Hem l o c k

A tre e 30- 46 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i th a na rrow l y co n i c a l c rown o fs ho r t , s l e nd e r , ho r i zo n ta l bra n c he s tha t a re s l i g h t l y d ro o p i ng . Ba r k re dd i s hb rown , dee p l y fu rrowe d . B ra nc h l e t s ye l l ow - brown , p u be s ce n t . Bu d s o vo i d , b rown ,

3 mm . l o ng by mm. w i de , o b tu s e , s l i g h t l y p u be s ce n t ; s c a l e s a c u te , l a n ceo l a te .

Lea ve s 2- ra n ke d , s t ra i g h t , l a n c eo l a te , g roo v ed nea r l y to t he a pe x a bo ve , s h i nyda r k g ree n to ye l l ow i s h - g ree n a bo ve , wi t h 2 bro a d wh i t i s h ba nd s be l ow w i th 6- 10s toma ta l l i n e s ; ma rg i n s pa ra l l e l , f i ne l y de n t i c u l a te , ma rg i n s gree n i s h to ye l l owi s h ; cm . l o n g by mm . wi de , f l a t , f l e x i b l e , pe rs i s t 4 - 7 ye a r s , a pe x e n t i reo r b l u n t l y a c u te , w i t h a s ho r t pe t i o l e . Fema l e co ne o vo i d , red d i s h - brown , o pe n i ngw i de l y a t ma tur i ty , cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ; s ca l e s nea r l y e l l i p t i c a lto o v a l , ma rg i n s u n d u l a te ; bra c t s pe n ta g o na l , no n - l o bed . See d s w i th a n u t 4 mm .

l o n g , w i t h 2 - 3 l a rg e re s i n po c ke t s ; w i ng s to 10 mm . l o ng , bro a de ned a t the ba s e .

W . Ca n a da ; S .W. A l a s ka to N.W. Mo n ta n a to N.W. Ca l i fo rn i a ,

610- 1829m. .

T LONGI BRACTEATA C he n g B r i s t l e co n e Hem l o c kNothotsuga longibracteata ( C he ng ) Hu

A tree 10- 30 m . ta l l , to 115 cm . i n g i r t h o r mo re . Bra n c h l e ts ye l l ow i s hbrown o r brown tu rn i n g g ray , no n - p u be s ce n t . B u d s a c um i na te , br i g h t brown ,

2 - 4 mm . l o n g by 2 mm . w i de , smoo th , o va l . Lea ve s 2 - ra n ked , da r k gree n a bo ve ,

g roo ved a bo ve , pa l er g ree n be l ow w i th 5-8 wh i t i s h l i ne s o f s toma ta , cm .

l o ng by - 2 mm . w i de , s toma ta n ume ro u s o n bo t h s u rface s bu t mo re prom i ne n tbe l ow , a pe x b l u n t l y a c u te , ma rg i n s re vo l u te , no t too the d , w i t h a l o n g pe t i o l e .

Fema l e co ne cy l i n dr i c a l , c he s tn u t - brown , 2 cm . l o n g by cm . w i de ;s ca l e s o va te

,s em i - o rb i c u l a r ; bra c t s l o n g - e x ser te d , a bo u t he i g h t o f the

s ca l e s,u pr i g h t

,tr i a ng u l a r . See d s w i t h a n u t 4 mm . l o n g , w i t h a l a rg e re s i n

g l a n d , w i n g to 10 mn. l o n g .

C h i na : Hu na n ; Kwe i c how ; Kwa ng tu n g ; Kwa ng s i C h ua ng , 300- 2300 m. .

216 PHYTOLOGIA MEMO I R S V I I I 1986

T . ME RTE N S I ANA ( Bo n g . ) Ca rr . Mo u n ta i n Hem l o c k

A tree 9- 30 m . ta l l , m . i n g i r t h , w i t h a c o n i c a l c row n o f s l e nd e r,

ho r i zo n ta l o r s omew ha t d roo p i n g b ra n c he s . Tru n k ta pe r i n g , l e a de r d roo p i ng,

b ra n c he s S ho r t a n d u p r i g h t . Ba r k g ray to da r k brown , f u r rowe d . B ra n c h l e t s l i g h tre dd i s h - brown , f i ne l y p u be s c e n t . B ud s co n i c a l , po i n ted ; s c a l e s k ee l e d a ndp u be s c e n t . J u ve n i l e l e a ve s l a rg e r t ha n mo s t o the r s pe c i e s o f Ts u ga a nd i n t h i sre s pec t re s emb l i n g I , argyrophylla. A d u l t l e a ve s u n i q ue l y s p i ra l l y a rra nge d a n dc u rve d u pwa rd s , e l l i p t i c o r nea r l y tr i a n g u l a r i n t he c ro s s - s e c t i o n

,no t

c o n s p i c uo u s l y f l a t te ned , h a l f - ro u nde d , b l ue - g ree n to g ray - g ree n a bo ve,c rowde d

a t e n d s o f b ra nc h l e ts , s toma ta o n bo t h s u rfa ce s , s toma ta i n 2 -8 l i ne s be l ow ,

cm . l o n g by mm . w i de , g roo ve d n ea r l y to the a pex a bo ve,no t

de n t i c u l a te ; a pex e n t i re a nd ro u n ded ; pe t i o l e s ho r t , to 1 nnn l o n g . Fema l e co neo vo i d - cy l i n d r i c , pu r p l i s h tu r n i n g b rown , cm . l o n g by 2 cm . w i de ;s c a l e s o bo v a te ; b ra c t s h i d de n , a bo u t he i g h t o f the s c a l e s . Seed s w i th an u t 3 mm . l o n g , w i t h 2 l a rg e g l a n d s ; w i n g s to 8 mm . l o n g , ro u n de d a t t he a pex .

W . Ca n a d a ; S .W. A l a s ka to C . C a l i fo rn i a , 1067- 3353 m. .

T . S I E BOL D I I C a rr . So u the rn Ja pa ne s e Hem l o c k

A b ro a d l y co n i c a l t re e 26- 30 m . ta l l , to 6 m . i n g i r th , w i t h s ho r t , ho r i zo n ta lbra n c he s , tr u n k s ome t i me s mu l t i - s temmed . Ba r k c ra c ked i n to p i n k i s h - g rays q ua r i s h s c a l e s . Bra n c h l e t s smoo th , l i g h t s h i ny - b rown , p rom i ne n t l y g roo ve d ,

w i t h re d pe t i o l e s . B u d s o vo i d , mm . l o ng , s l i g h t l y re s i n o u s , s c a l e s a c u te a tt he a pe x . Le a ve s 2- ra n ke d , s tra i g h t , l i nea r , g roo ve d a bo ve to the a pe x , br i g h td a r k g ree n a bo ve , p a l e r be l ow w i t h 10 l i ne s o f s toma ta , 8- 18 mm . l o n g by mm .

w i de , bro a de r a t the a pe x , ma rg i n s no n - de n t i c u l a te , a pex no tc hed . Fema l e co neo vo i d - g l o b u l a r , da r k brown , f l a t - to p pe d , cm . l o n g by cm . w i d e ;s c a l e s o rb i c u l a r ; b ra c t s no tc hed , b i f i d . See d s w i th a n u t 4 mm . l o n g , w i t hn ume ro u s re s i n g l a n d s , w i t h a w i ng to 8 mm . l o ng .

S . J a pa n : S h i k o k u ; S . Ho n do a n d Kyu s h u , 300- 1800 m. .

WI DDRINGTONIA E n d l . ( C u p re s s a cea e )

A ge n u s o f th ree s pe c i e s from Ma l aw i to So u th Afr i c a . Mo noe c i o u s o rs ome t i me s d i oe c i o u s tree s w i t h te re te bra n c h l e t s . J u ve n i l e l ea ve s l i nea r ,

f l a tte ned , s p i ra l l y a rra n ge d , b l u i s h - g ree n . re l a t i ve l y l o n g , w i t h s toma tabe l ow . Bra n c h l e t s ro u n ded to nea r l y te tra go n a l . B u d s i n co n s p i c uo u s . Ad u l tl e a ve s s c a l e - l i ke , a l te rn a t i n g i n o ppo s i te , dec u s s a te pa i r s , i mbr i c a te , Sma l l ,

b l u n t l y a c u te , u s u a l l y w i t ho u t no t i cea b l e g l a n d s o r s toma ta . Ma l e co nete rm i n a l , s o l i ta ry , s e s s i l e , o n s ho r t bra n c h l e ts . Fema l e co ne s a x i l l a ry ,

r i pe n i ng i n 2 yea r s , s u bg l o bo se , re s i no u s , o pe n i ng i n the ce n te r u po nma tu r i ty , ne a r l y s ta l k l e s s , wa r ty , w i t h 4 t h i c k , va l va te , eq u a l l y s i zed s c a l e s ;s c a l e s ro u n de d o r n ea r l y re c ta ng u l a r , g roo ved ne a r the ba s e , w i th sma l lce n tra l um bo s . Seed s o n e to s e ve ra l pe r s c a l e , da r k brown to b l a c k , w i th 2n a rrow , e ve n w i n g s a nd w i t h a re l a t i ve l y l a rg e , w h i te ned hi l ium. Co ty l e do n s2 .

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