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Presented to :-

Sir Yasir.

Group members :-

Zeeshan Arshad 418

Bakhtawar Abbas 423

Arsalan Ali 435

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Programming language is defined as telling acomputer what to do through a special set ofinstructions which are then interpreted by thecomputer to perform some task.

Different computer languages are C++

Java

C # C

A++

RUBY

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Most popular programming language.

Intermediate level language.

Vast application ranging from system softwareto entertainment software.

It was developed by danish programmer

BJARNE STROUSTRUP in 1979.

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Java is a popular and powerful language.

Derived much of its syntax from c++.

Less intermediate language.

Particularly used for client-server webapplications.

Developed byJames goslingat sun-microsoftand was released in 1995.

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Base

Data types

An intermediary power

Functions

pointers

Operator overloading

Classes and structures

Inheritance

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C++ language is based on procedural ,functional and object oriented programming.

Java strongly encourages only object oriented

programming

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Both contain int, float , char data types.

In c++ language char type is 8 bit type(ascii

code)

In java language char type is 16 bit type(uni-code character set)

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In c++ unsigned data type is used.

In java there is no unsigned data type.

like C++, Java provides a true boolean type.

Unlike c++, java provides string type.

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In c++, the variable that can contain theaddress of another variable is called pointervariable.

In java language we declare referencevariables(that contain the address of an object)

Reference variable represents an advance overthe pointer mechanism

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In java and c++ we can use one variable tostore a list of data and manipulate them moreefficiently is called array.

The syntax of declaration is same in bothlanguages.

In java and c++, we access array elementthrough an index.

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Both in c++ an java the index starts from zeroto arrays (length -1).

Unlike c++,Once an array is declared andconstructed in java the stored value of each

member of the array will be initialized tozero.

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templates are used to define generic definitionof functions and classes.

Unlike c++ , java does not support templates.

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The scope resolution operator (::) required inC++ is not used in Java. The dot is used to

construct all fully-qualified references. Also,since there are no pointers, the pointer operator(->) used in C++ is not required in Java.

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The concept of classes is present both in c++ and java.

A class definition in Java looks similar to a classdefinition in C++, but unlike C++ there is no

semicolon at the end of the class defination in java .

C++ requires that classes and functions be declared beforethey are used. But This is not necessary in Java.

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class Point /* C++ */ { public: Point(); Point(double xval, double yval); void move(double dx, double dy); double getX() const; double getY() const; private: double x; double y;

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. In C++, there are public and private sections,started by the keywords public and private. In

Java, each individual item must be taggedwith public or private.

In C++ the functions defined inside the classare called member variables in C++ are

known as fields in java. In C+ functions declared inside the class are

known as member functions while in javathese functions are called methods.

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Two important access specifiers are use.

public :

It allows the user to access inside as well as

outside the class ,and can b accessed fromanywhere in the program.

private :

it is used to protect the data

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In C++ . .

Main function

Member functions

In java. .

No main function

Member functions are called methods.

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Global function.

Unlike c++ there is no concept of globalfunction in java.

Inline function.

Unlike c++ programmer can not request to

make methods(functions) inline.

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Like C++, Java supports constructors.

Similar to C++ you can initialize constructor

function to your desire value.

Lie C++ If you fail to provide a constructor , a

default constructor will be provided for you.

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Copy constructor....There is no need of copy constructor in javawhile we require a copy constructor in C++ .

Constructor overloading.

Constructor can be overloaded both in C++ andJava .

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Unlike C++ there is no destructor function injava

Unused memory is returned to the operatingsystem by way of agarbage collector, whichruns in a different thread from the mainprogram.

This leads to a whole host of subtle andextremely important differences between Javaand C++.

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java performs automatic garbage collection toreclaim the memory that is occupied the

objects that are no longer in use. when thereare no more references of an object than theobject is marked by garbage collection andmemory is reclaimed by garbage collector

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Like c++ , java supports single inheritancewhich is quite similar to c++ but the manner ofimplementation is different specially with

respect to the use of constructor in inheritancechain.

Unlike c++ multiple inheritance is not allowedin java.

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The process of defining additional meanings ofoperators is known as operator overloading.

Operator overloading is allowed in c++,whereas there is no operator overloading.

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o Ruby is dynamic , reflective, general purposeobject oriented language. That combines syntaxinspired by PERL with SMALLTALK like

features.

o Ruby was originated in Japan in 1993.

o The main reason of RUBYs popularity is itsweb application frame work i.e: RUBY onRAILS.

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Comparison between C++ and RUBY

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As with C++ , in RUBY

Weve got mostly the same operators(even ::). its always just ..

public, private, and protected do similar jobs.

Inheritance syntax is still only one character,but its < instead of :.

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Unlike C++ in RUBY

We dont need to compile our code ,we just run itdirectly.

We have the END keyword after defining thingslike classes instead of having to put braces aroundblocks of code.

All member variables are private

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Parenthesis in METHOD calls are optional andoften omitted.

Everything is an object including numbers.

There are no primitives or data types.

Variables names are just labels.

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There is no METHOD overloading.

Theres no type declaration , we just assign to

new variable name as needed and they justspring up.

For example:

a = [1,2,3] ,Rather

int a=[1,2,3]

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C++ and RUBY are very differentprogramming languages .Both languages areobject oriented , however RUBY uses dynamic

typing whereas C++ uses STATIC typing.

RUBY code is typically shorter and moreexpensive than its C++ counterpart.

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C++ JAVA RUBY

(code execution )fast fastest slow

need of compilation Need of compilation No need ofcompilation.(directly

run)

Includes primitives\classes.

Additionally it providesability to create powerfulnew types calledclasses.

Doesnt includeprimitives.

Use braces withsemi colon afterdefining the class.

use braces only Write end keywordafter defining theclass objects etc

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C++ JAVA RUBY

function can beoverloaded.

Methods can beoverloaded

Methods cant beoverloaded

longer code Relatively small code Shorter code

any numaric valus willbe treated as constant. Will be treated as objects Will be treated asobjects.

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