Upload
austin-pope
View
217
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Periodic Law – properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic number
The moon’s phases and magazine subscriptions are also periodic…
Atomic Radius – (size) increases as you move top to bottom within a group or family
(increases because the energy levels increase → high energy means further from the nucleus)
Atomic Radius – (size) increases as you move top to bottom within a group or family
decreases as you move left to right because of effective nuclear charge → more protons in the nucleus to attract the electrons closer
Effective Nuclear Charge (ENC) – pull of the nucleus on the valence energy level electrons (outer energy level electrons)
increases left to right
Ionization Energy (IE) – energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
increases bottom to top and left to right
Electron Affinity (EA) – energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom
increases bottom to top and left to right
Electronegativity – (EN) – measure of an atom’s pull on another atom’s electrons
increases bottom to top and left to right
Shielding – layers of electrons that protect valence electrons from the pull of the nucleus
increases top to bottom and constant left to right
ions – charged particles
cations – postive ion formed from an atom losing an electron
the atomic radius is always smaller than the parent atom because of fewer energy levels
Anions – negative ion formed from an atom gaining an electron
the atomic radius is always larger than the parent atom because of electron repulsion