PreAp Biology

Study of Life

Themes & Concepts

PreAp Biology

Age of Earth

About 4.5 bya Life about 4 bya (Prokaryotes) Photosynthesis about 2.7 bya Organelles about 1.5 bya

(Eukaryotes) About 1bya multicellular organisms

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Properties of lifeorder reproduction

growth & development

response

homeostasis evolutionaryadaptation

energyutilization

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Themes Science as a process of inquiry Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society

PreAp Biology

Science as a process of inquiry

PreAp Biology

Science as a process of inquiry

repeatable observations & testable hypothesis

PreAp Biology

Observations include making measurements Scientists use a variety of tools to gather and

analyze data. Field journals are used to record data. Laboratory glassware and hot plates allow

scientists to set up experiments. Microscopes and hand lenses enhance the

senses. Rulers, balances, timing devices, and electronic

probeware are used to gather quantitative data. Computers are used to to calculate, analyze, and

report data.

PreAp Biology

Observations include making measurements

Quantitative data are gathered through measurement, using the modern metric system. Accuracy is a description of how close a

measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

Precision is the exactness of a measurement.

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Technology contributes to the progress of science.

A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.

stoma

– light microscopes (LM)– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)– transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

stomastoma

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functional MRI (fMRI)

– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Medical Imaging

– x-ray images

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Complex systems: Computer Models Used to study systems that

cannot be studied directly. heart attacks effect of medicines on the

human body movement of water molecules

into and out of a cell spread of a disease through a

population

Used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical.

Normal heartbeat

Heart attack

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The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies.

A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic information.

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We can study genetics on a molecular level.

– molecular genetics

– genomics

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Evolution Core theme of biology

Charles Darwin

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Evolution Natural selection Evolutionary adaptation is a product of

natural selection

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Energy transfer Life is an open system

organisms continuously interact with the environment

stuff comes instuff goes out

energy is used

Entropy rules!

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Energy utilization (fill in blanks)

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Heredity: Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable

information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic

material – carries biological information from 1 generation to the next

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Form follows function Structure & function are correlated at

all levels of biological organization

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Regulation Regulatory mechanisms ensure a

dynamic balance through feedback

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Ecology: Interdependence No organism is

an island standing alone

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Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within

the framework of society ethics

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Umbrella concepts

Recurring principles & ideas

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Diversity & unity Dual aspects of life on Earth With all of the diversity, what unifies all

of life?

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Unity of life

What do organisms have in common?

Why do similarities exist?

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Evolution explains diversity & unity Unity

pass information to the next generation evolutionary relationships connected through a common ancestory

Diversity natural selection adaptations in

different environments

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Levels of organization

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Cell is basic unit of life Cell theory

developed with early microscopes

prokaryotes eukaryotes

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Diversity of life

What differences are there between organisms?

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Three Domains of LifeBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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Organizing systems Making sense out

of the diversity Hierarchical scheme Eg. Taxonomy and Binomial

Nomenclature

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Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of

knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to

organize new knowledge themes are fundamental in

understanding the nature of living organisms

PreAp Biology

Which science is growing the fastest in new knowledge?

BIOLOGY!!

Dr. Mary Claire King

Genomics & proteomicsprojects are driving research

PreAp Biology

Any Questions??