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Indonesia(AS18007)
Malaysia(AS24514)
Philippines(AS9821)
Thailand(AS24475)
Phnom Penh, Cambodia, ( MekongNet )
Vientiane, Lao PDR, ( Lao Telecom )
Jakarta, Indonesia(Telekomunikasi Indo, Biznet, CBN, Qiandra Information ) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ( U-Mobile, Maxis )
Hanoi, Vietnam(Viettel)
Manila, Philippines, ( SKY Broadband, Dunham Bush International
Bangkok,Thailand(Shama Thunder, Internet Thailand PCL,PEA, CS LOX INFO)
Yangon Myanmar, ( Redlink Communications )
Target Nodes on OoklaSource Nodes on TEIN
International Commercial Network)
Systems for Traffics and Quality Test
Between a source and a target node, speed and latency tests were performed 10 times using ‘Ookla’ Test System. For gathering hop counts and routing distances ‘NetinfoTrace’, an open source software, was used
2015-09-11
Singapore (Singtel, Viewqwest Pte, SGIX)
Brunei (DST Comm )
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Overview : ICT of ASEAN
2015-09-11
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Key Words in ICT Common Key Words
Diversity of international connectivity Seamless Infrastructure Networks and Backbone, Reliable Network Well balanced Network Fully integrated and coherent mesh configuration; Uniform construction the use of Asian Highway, Trans-Asian railway and
power transmission Single uniform network that offers quality-of-service guarantees Missing Links, Cross Border Connectivity Judicious mix of land and sea based fiber optic cables
Geo-spatially Balanced Connectivity
Regional Internet(IP) Connectivity
Low Cost and Broadband Affordability
Open Access and Network Neutrality, Policy Universality
ASEAN Internet Exchange Network, ASEAN IXPs diversity of international connectivity IP Transit /Peering Cost of Transport back to the primary exchange Heavy Reliance on IXP in advanced countries International Back haul cost Emergency Communications and Resiliency
Making Broadband Affordable(Less Than 5% of Average monthly Income) Connecting Homes to Broadband Getting People online Bridge the digital divide within ASEAN Improve Affordability Universal Service Achieve/Universal Access Increase Penetration
Open access and non-discriminatory pricing Network neutrality and scalability that allows participation by all
stakeholders
Single Telecom Market ASEAN Single Telecommunications Market Making Broadband Policy Universal(ITU) Enabling Environment, Capacity building
Common Words in ICT of ASEAN
2015-09-11
Regional Broadband Backbone
Internet & Traffic Exchange
Trans-Region
Contents DeliveryNetworkInternet
DataCenter
Cross-Border
Back Bone
Feeder/Access
Premises/Home
ISP IXP (Gateway)
E-Application
Wired (Fiber, Copper)Wireless (2G, 3G, 4G, Wifi, WiMax, Satellite)
DNSetc
PrivatePublic
Policy/Regulati
on/ Governa
nce
Components of Broadband Service
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Hierarchical Image of APIS
e-application Service
Policy and Regulation Registry
Open/Neutral IXPs(ITEC)
AState
BState
Broadband Backbone Network (TBBC + Submarine)
Neutral IXPs
Content Servers IDC
CDNIndependent CP
Submarine Cable(Sea Based)
Terrestrial Fiber(Land Based)
Policy Portal
Focal Point
Policy,Regulation,Agreement,Governance
Internet Traffic Exchange Connectivity
(ITEC)
Terrestrial Broadband Backbone Connectivity
(TBBC)
Open/Neutral Access to IXPs
Establishing More Regional IXPs and Local IXPs
Local Traffic Exchanged Locally Regional Traffic Exchanged Regionally
Filling the Missing Links identified
Regional TerrestrialBroadband Backbone
Seamless Cross Border Connectivity
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Traffics and Quality Tests in ASEAN Region
2015-09-11
a b c d e f g h i jTH 25.8 14.6 50.1 40.4 13.9 18.5 24 15.5 10 34.3PH 24.8 23.7 7 24.7 4.5 0.15 6.5 12.5 2.7 6.9MA 33.7 24.4 0.4 32.2 19.6 2 0.3 3.9 16 29.8IN 2.2 4.6 1.4 2.1 1 1.7 1.5 1.5 2.3 4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Mbp
s
Key Findings – Down Load Speed
Average 25Mbps
Line
Big Gap in Down Load Speed was observed among ASEAN countries ; Average Down Load Speed was less than 25Mbps.
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a b c d e f g h i jTH 31.5 22 43.1 42.2 39.2 4.3 20.8 35.1 6.2 31PH 42.9 46.6 20.8 55.1 7.6 0.02 5.4 39.1 2.6 2.4MA 39.8 27.4 4.9 52.8 2.2 6.6 3.8 31.4 48.1 50.3IN 5.9 15.1 6.3 7 2.6 3 3.6 3.6 5.8 14.9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Mbp
sKey Findings – Up Load Speed
Average 25Mbps
Line
2015-09-11
a b c d e f g h i jTH 101.8 226.3 15.9 40.1 74.4 89.1 80 82.9 143.8 49.7PH 112.1 129.6 123.5 66.8 145.1 156.6 106.7 93.5 136.1 71.3MA 53.6 158.4 120.1 7.5 79.7 63.3 228.4 79.1 31 46.3IN 77.5 7.6 56.9 63.6 130 77.1 116 98.6 74.4 18.4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
msec
Key Findings – Latency
Gap in Average Internet Latency or Number of Hops was also observed ; more than 100msec in 3 countries, less than 50msec in 2 countries
Average 100msec
Line
a b c d e f g h i jTH 11.5 2.3 1.7 2 15.8 1.5 3.7 3.8 1.6 21PH 13.6 2.1 13.6 1.5 11.8 35 2 2.4 20.9 11.1MA 2.2 33.9 15.5 2.1 1.5 19 1.8 14 9.8 30.7IN 1.2 1.5 1 1 15.2 4.3 1.1 1 1.8 28
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sum of Trombo
ning
Inde
x
Key Findings – Routing Distance
Higher than 5 times more traffic travelling distance than actual Straight Line Distance was observed in 7 of 10 countries
Average 5 Line
Routing Map
TH
MM
KH
MY
SG
IDBN
PH
HK
US
VN
LA
Indonesia
Malaysia
Vietnam
Cambodia
Myanmar
Laos
Philippines
Singapore
Brunei
[ID]
[MY]
[VN]
[KH]
[MM]
[LA]
[PH]
[SG]
[BN]
Key Findings – Actual Traffic Flows
The actual traffic routes among ASEAN countries are unnecessarily long. In some countries, between 2 domestic ISPs Internet Packets have to travel out of the territories and get back to home countries
While Regional Efforts for ICT Infrastructure in ASEAN region have been undergone, still, high link cost, high transit cost, traffic tromboning, relatively low quality, high dependency on submarine cable, and low broadband penetration all influence high price each other in a cycle, which means improving one segment of the cycle will lead to betterment of the rest
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Summary of Status in ASEAN Region
2015-09-11
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Direction Forward
2015-09-11
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Direction
Highly Integrated Transport Backbone & Interconnectivity- Terrestrial Fiber Network- Coherent Mesh Network
Internet Traffic Exchange Network- Center Node Establishment - Regional, Sub-regional IXPs,- Domestic IXPs
As-Is To-Be
Terrestrial Fiber interconnectivity but
Some weak or insufficient capacity observed
Dependent on global transit providers
Poor direct peering Some countries no
peering between domestic ISPs
At least one direct land based fiber link to each neighboring country
Regional Terrestrial Backbone Network, hybrid mesh and ring
Center Node establishment for low cost and reliable delivery of traffics
Direct bilateral peering/transit between neighboring states
Intra/Inter Regional Transit Nodes
Domestic Traffic exchanged domestically
Seamless Terrestrial Fiber Optic Connectivity and Regional Internet Exchange Network should be considered as key parts of Investment
Action Items
2015-09-11
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AP-IS Coordination Committee
AP-IS Regional Manager
Advisory Group
E-Application Common Policy & RegulationITECTBBC
The focus has been on improving domestic infrastructure of each country, withefforts for international interconnectivity being made in form of declaration.However, international collaboration will be essential in the future in order to reduceoverall cost, to reduce dependency on the submarine cable, to improve networksustainability, and to deploy broadband infra more reasonable costs.
Establishing SPVs, as pointed out by many experts, is one of the powerful options,yet since it has high potentiality of making complexity with different viewpointsbetween countries and providers, as well as other problems regarding funding,operation and management, so, at this point, it would be more realistic to firstestablishing an organization in form of a committee, and then gradually makingconsensus and drilling it down to the better solution.
[ Action Item 1] Organization of AP-IS Coordination Committee
Hybrid Ring and Mesh type of Backbone can be considered.. To select regional hub or center nodes for stability and efficiency, geographical location, domestic infrastructure, traffic production amount and easiness of international connectivity are the key factors in deploying Inter/Intra Regional Backbone
[ Action Item 2] Highly Integrated Regional Transport Backbone
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Center Nodes SelectionTransmission Network (Hybrid ring and mesh)
2015-09-11
Layer0~1 : Fiber optic Transport and Switching
Technology Functions Topology Capacity Transport Distance
LH-DWDMLong-distance and high-capacity optical transmission
Point-to-Point 400~800G 200~2000km
OADM Optical signal ADD/DROP Ring
OXC Optical signal switching Mesh, Ring
LH-ROADM Optical signal switching and Add/Drop 400G 400km~600km
OTN SwitchAddition of optical switching function toWDM
Mesh, Ring
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Layer2~3 : Accommodation and Multiplexing Circuit/ Packet Systems
Technology Function InterfaceSwitching Capacity
Remark
DCS PDH signal multiplexing Nx64k, E1, DS3
MSPPSDH signal multiplexingEthernet signal routing
E1, DS3, STM-n, FE/GE, ATM
60~80GEthernet signals need tobe converted to TDM
PTNPacket signal multiplexing(MPLS-TP, PBB-TE)
E1, DS3, STM-n, FE/GE/10GE, ATM
100GNo waste of bandwidth( packet processing)
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Intra-regional IXPs
Inter-Regional IXPs
[Action Item 3] Internet Exchange Points
IXP Operation Model
Establishing Neutral IXP centers that are connected by dual ring can be considered… To do that, analysis of sub regional (South, East, West) traffic volume, links availability to Global Transit Points should be required. As to the operating model of IXP, mixed Euro and US operating model can be considered
2015-09-11
Most of the dominant ISPs still think : ‘for you to get more routes to theInternet you have to buy transit from me’The Idea of peering does not interest them , either due to the fact thatthey do not know their benefits of connecting at an IXP or are afraid oflosing business.
Why Neutral/Public IXPs ?
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• International Agreement for Establishing AIXs as an Action Items of APIS
• Long Term Development Plan and Budget Planning with Loans
• IX and Internet Interconnectivity Design, Geo-Location
• Building the community
• Interconnection Principles including Peering/Transit Arrangement
• Training and Development (general, technical, best practice) plan
• Investment Planning and Actual deployment
• Policy framework advisory activities (related topics – ccTLD, cache server,)
• Engage with wider stakeholder
(ESCAP, ITU, APIX, APAN, TEIN, NOG, APNIC etc.)
• Tracing Route Tools, Routing Registry, TLD, Looking Glass
Works for AIX of APIS
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Summary
2015-09-11
Target Components for Investment
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Telecom Transport Network (L0 ~ L2)
Internet (L3 )
Trans-Region
CDN(Contents Delivery)Data
Center(Contents)
Cross-Border
Back Bone
Feeder/Access
Premises/Home
IP Network
IXP (Gateway)
e-Application
Wired (Fiber, Copper)
Wireless (2G, 3G, 4G, Wifi, WiMax, Satellite..)
DNS
PrivatePublic
Policy/Regulati
on/Govern
ance
...
2015-09-11
Illustration of Internetworking of PoPs and IXPs
Feasibility study and Infra Design for the Asia Pacific Region - In-depth study for Establishing Asian Regional IXPs in 2016
Inter-Governmental Study (or Steering) Group and in-depth survey on APIS
- Integrating and Reviewing the results of TACIM, SASEC, ABC, GMS projects
- Big Pictures of APIS and Calculation of overall amount of investment
Inter-Governmental Agreement - Mile stone and collaborative Action Items
- Preparing Draft of Inter-Governmental Agreement
2015-09-1127
The Way Forward ..
