Pramod Report TCS

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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

PULCHOWK CAMPUS

A

Lab Report

On

DETERMINING THE EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL COOKING

STOVE

SUBMITTED TO:

DR. KRISHNA RAJ SHRESTHA

Centre for Energy Studies (CES)

SUBMITED BY:

PRAMOD THAPA

069/MSREE/512

21st

December, 2012



Efficiency of traditional cooking stove (TCS)

1. TITLE : To determine the efficiency of traditional cooking stove

2. APPRATUS REQUIRED:

a. Mud brick TCS setup

b. Cooking pot

c. Thermometer

d. Stopwatch

e. Weighing balance

3. BACKGROUND:

A cook stove is a device located in specific location where fuel is burnt for cooking purposes.

Cook stoves are the most common way of cooking and heating food in developing countries.

In Nepal, biomass energy: fuel wood, agri-residue and animal dung is used for cooking

purpose. Use of traditional stoves such as "agenu" and "chulo" due to its low efficiency

consumes more fuel increasing the burden on women. In Nepal women are mainly

responsible for cooking and collection of biomass. More than 80% of the energy need of Nepal is met by fuel wood thus exerting immense pressure on the forest resources of the

country.

Fig; traditional cooking stove

Women and children are the victims of poisonous smoke that fill their houses every day,

where they cook, play and study. Some of the burns seen in villages, caused by falling into

the open fires, are horrendous and could have been prevented. The indoor air pollution caused

by the release of carbon monoxide triggers nasty illnesses like Acute Respiratory Infection



(ARI) including pneumonia; corpul monalae; conjunctivitis; adverse reproductive outcomes

(low-birth weight and increased still-births);lung cancer; increased infant

morbidity/mortality; depressed immune response; chronic obstructive lung diseases (COLD)

- bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and skin and eye infection. With this backdrop,

development and adoption of Improved Cook Stoves seems in the scenario. AEPC mentions:

A history of ICS development program in Nepal dates back to 1950s with the introduction of

some Indian models. Since then, a number of Improved Cooking Stove Programs (ICSPs)

have been promoted in rural communities of Nepal. A variety of stove designs with different

dissemination strategies are promoted both by the Government and the NGO's. During 1980s,

interest and efforts were revived when the National Planning Commission included ICS in an

attempt to address the pressing fuelwood problem. The government’s concern for fuel wood

conservation was also reflected with the inclusion of ICS dissemination efforts as an

important component of FAO assisted Community Forestry Development Project (CFDP) in

1981.

Another advantage of improved cooking stoves is the chimney that leads the smoke out of the

kitchen, saving women and children from respiratory diseases that often go hand in hand with

the traditional way of cooking. The direct and indirect benefits of ICS includes: increased

thermal efficiency, the conservation of forests by cutback in firewood consumption, reduction

in women’s labor, reduction in indoor air pollution and hence smoke-released health

disorders, prevention of fire hazards, reduction of cooking time.

Fig; improved cooking stove

4. PROCEDURES:

For the water boiling test take about 3 kg of fuel wood by weighing.

Take 5kg of water on each pot and the weight of pot and lid has to be taken.





L = 2260 kJ/kg

Ef = 16500 kJ/kg

Moisture = 15%

Calorific value if charcoal =29mJ/kg

(PHU) Efficiency of TCS,

() ()[ ]()

6. Observations:

Standard data:Calorific value of firewood (Efm) = 16.5 MJ/Kg = 16500 KJ/Kg

Calorific value of Charcoal (Efm) = 29 MJ/Kg = 29000 KJ/Kg

Moisture Content of Wood (MC) = 15%

Specific heat of water (Cw) = 4.18 KJ/Kg

Latent heat of water at boiling (Lw) = 2256 KJ/Kg

Data from experiment:

Type of Stove : Traditional Cook stove ( Two pot hole)

Room temperature :

C o

25

Parameter For Pot(Small) 1 For Pot(Big) 2

Wt. of fire-wood taken 4.7 Kg 4.7 Kg

Wt. of Pot and Lid 0.35 Kg 0.70 Kg

Wt. of Pot, Lid and water(Initially) 2 Kg4.2 Kg

Wt. of water taken (mi)(2-0.35) Kg

=1.65Kg

(4.2-0.70) Kg

3.5 Kg

Wt. of Pot, Lid and water at end 1.7 Kg 3.95 Kg

Wt. of water at end (mf) (1.7-0.35) Kg

=1.35Kg

(3.95-0.7) Kg

=3.25Kg

Wt. of water evaporated (We)= (mi-mf )

(1.65-1.35)Kg= 0.3 Kg

(3.5-3.25) Kg= 0.25 Kg

Also,

Wt. Firewood left = 3.0 kg

Wt. Firewood Used (Wf) = 1.7 kg

Wt. of Coal left (MC) = 0.1 kg

Efficiency Calculation:



PHU Efficiency ()() ()

PHU Efficiency = %100)1.029000()]100 / 151 /()7.116500[[(

)}]25.03.0{(2256)}1697(*15.5{*18.4[ x

x x

Hence,

PHU Efficiency = 12.38 %

Table for rise of temperature after ignition

Time 0 5 10 15 20 35

Small Pot 16 29 46 76 97 97

Big Pot 16 27 41 61 79 97

Fig. Temperature - Time Graph for Traditional Cooking Stove (2 pot hole)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

T e m p e r a

t u r e ( C )

Time (Minute)

Small PotBig Pot



7. ANALYSIS:

The boiling water test experiment helps to calculated the efficiency of TCS and the similar

experiment done by our friends of ICS make us compare the limitation of TCS over ICS and

its health hazards, we found the major loss of heat during starting of fire and due to the over

firing , if we can utilize this heat loss , then efficiency of TCS can be improve as that in ICS.

But during our experiment the efficiency of TCS is found to be more than that of ICS, which

is due to improper burning of fuel wood and due to large duration of time to have steady fire.

8. CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION:

The efficiency of TCS is found to be 12.38 % from our experiment performed in lab. The

data is totally based on the convection method of boiling water test, although the test we

perform have many limitation and boundary but it can be taken as method of comparing the

performance of ICS over TCS.

The limitation of experiment can be summarized as:

15% moisture can be varying according to the climate and wood.

Heat loss from the setup was one of the problems during our experiment.

Total heat from firewood burning was not evenly distributed during boiling for each

pot.

Data we have taken during experiment was from the available apparatus and

measuring instruments in lab may not have fully reliable.

Documents

Pramod Report TCS