Practice on Radionuclide Ranking in Korea · PDF filePractice on Radionuclide Ranking in Korea. ... Atmospheric Diffusion Factor at 560m EAB ... For gaseous radioactive effluents,

June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, Paris

[email protected] Yi MOON

Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety

Practice on Radionuclide Ranking in Korea


Table of Content

1. General Information2. Exposure Pathway

3. Dose Coefficient4. Usage Factor5. Dose Calculation


� Reactor Type : APR 1400 � Thermal Power : 4,000Mwt� Fuel Enrichment ≤3.64%

� Meteorological Condition� Data : 2009.1~2009.12, Shin-Ulchin Site� Atmospheric Diffusion Factor at 560m EAB

• X/Q : 1.658E-05• (X/D)D : 1.655E-05• (X/D)DD : 1.544E-05• D/Q : 4.439E-08

� Hydrological Condition� Mixing Ratio at 560m EAB : 2

1. General Information


1. General Information- Current Status of NPP in Korea

� Location of NPPs� In operation : 20� Under construction : 6� Planned : 2 � KEDO

PWR PWR

PHWR& PWR

PWR

PWR

�Ulchin 1,2,3,4,5,6� Shin-Ulchin 1&2

�Wolsong 1,2,3,4� Shin-Wolsong 1,2� Kori 1,2,3,4� Shin-Kori 1,2,3,4

�Yonggwang1,2,3,4,5,6

KINS

Suspended


1. General Information - Dose at EAB for multi-nuclear facilities at a Site

EAB for MultiEAB for MultiEAB for MultiEAB for Multi----UnitUnitUnitUnit EAB for a UnitEAB for a UnitEAB for a UnitEAB for a Unit


� Calculation Model� USNRC Reg. Gude 1.111� USNRC Reg. Gude 1.113� USNRC Reg. Gude 1.109

� Computer Code :� Dose calculation� INDAC

� Calculation of atmospheric dispersion parameter� XOQDOQ

� Mixing ratio in ocean� POM (Princeton Ocean Model)

1. General Information- Model Description



� INDAC� INDAC (Integrated Dose Assessment Code Package for

KINS)� Developed by KINS in1999� Incorporating ICRP-60 concept into GASDOS/LIQDOS� Windows Platform

ㅁㅁㅁㅁ GASDOS/LIQDOS� developed by modifying food chain from GASPAR-II/

LADTAP-II in 1989. � For agricultural and marine products, the rice, green

vegetables used to make kimchi, and the seaweeds are added to represent the typical food chain in Korea.� DOS Platform





� The maximally exposed individual(MEI) concept applies to the calculation of the individual exposure dose� MEI has the characteristics of ingestion, activities, physiologyand metabolism, which surpass those of the common individual.

� MEI is taken as the object of exposure in the dose calculation to obtain a conservative evaluation

� For gaseous radioactive effluents, the evaluation is made based on the local population, agricultural products distributed by distance (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 35, 50, 65, and 80 km), and orientation (divided into 22.5˚̊̊̊).

� For liquid radioactive effluents, the evaluation is made based on the information on the local population, major fishing ports, and public beaches within 80km of the nuclear power plant.



� 4 age group� Babies: neonates ~ aged 1 year or under, DCF: 3 months� Children: aged 1 ~ 11 years or under, DCF: 5 years� Teens: aged 11 ~ 17 years or under, DCF: 15 years� Adults: population aged 17 years or older, DCF: adults

� 6 age group� Babies ~ population aged 1 year or under, DCF: 3 months� Aged 1 ~ 2 years or under, DCF: 1 year� Aged 2 ~ 7 years or under, DCF: 5 years� Aged 7 ~ 12 years or under, DCF: 10 years� Aged 12 ~ 17 years or under, DCF: 15 years� Aged 17 years or older, DCF: adults


2. Exposure Pathway

� External Exposure Pathways � The external exposure pathways to radiation sources can be classified into five channels of transmission:� radiation source → vicinity residents � radiation source → water → vicinity residents� radiation source → water → deposit → vicinity residents� radiation source → air → vicinity residents� radiation source → air → soil → vicinity residents


2. Exposure Pathway� Internal Exposure Pathways

� The major internal exposure pathways include the following:� radiation source → water → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → seaweed → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → shellfish → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → fish → vicinity residents,� radiation source → water → soil → plant → vicinity residents,� radiation source → air → vicinity residents,� radiation source → air → soil →plant → vicinity residents � radiation source → air → soil → plant → livestock → vicinity residents


2. Exposure Pathway


Fig. Generalized Exposure Pathways for Man

2. Exposure Pathway

Fig. Generalized Exposure Pathways for Human

June 24-25, 2010, IAEA INPRO-ENV 1st Tech. Meeting, ParisFig. Generalized Exposure Pathways for Biota Other Than Human

2. Exposure Pathway


3. Dose Conversion Factor� The conversion factor from radioactivity to dose for a

hypothetical individual who represent the pertinent age group, by appropriate units.

� The dose conversion factor(DCF) of the inhalation and ingestion pathways are presented in ICRP-67, 69, 71, and 72.

� The DCF for external exposures, including submersion in noble gases, radioactive deposits on ground surfaces, and sea-shore activities (swimming, on-the-seashore activities, etc.) are applied with the values of the DFEXT Code developed by Eckerman et al. of the ORNL (Oak Ridge National Lab.) of the US. � This Code provides the external exposure DCF calculated with the model presented in Federal Guidance Report No. 12 of the EPA of the United States.


Infant Child Teen AdultsAgricultural

product(kg/yr)

Grain 0 125.7 196.9 188.5Fruit 0 44.2 69.2 66.3

Kimchi 0 65.3 102.2 97.9Vegetable 0 84.5 132.3 126.7

Meat(kg/yr)

Beef 0 13.8 21.6 20.7Pork 0 8.2 13.0 12.4

Poultry 0 14.6 22.9 22.0Mlik (l/yr) 366 42 66 63

Sea foods(kg/yr)

Fish 0 52.9 82.8 79.3Crustacean /

mollusks 0 11.8 18.4 17.6

Sea weeds 0 10.6 16.6 15.8Inhalation rate (m3/yr) 1400 6700 7900 7400

4. Usage Factor For MEI individualFor MEI individualFor MEI individualFor MEI individual


Child Teen AdultsAgricultural product(kg/yr) 140 274 262

Meat(kg/yr) 13 25 24Milk(ℓℓℓℓ/yr) 17 34 32

Sea Sea Sea Sea FoodsFoodsFoodsFoods

(kg/yr)(kg/yr)(kg/yr)(kg/yr)

Fish 22.1 43.2 41.4Crustacean /mollusks

4.0 7.8 7.5

Sea weeds 3.2 6.2 5.9Inhalation rate (m3/yr) 6700 7900 7400

4. Usage FactorFor average individualFor average individualFor average individualFor average individual


MaximumIndividual

AverageIndividual

Grain, Fruit, Kimchi 14

14Vegetables 1Beef, pork 7Poultry 3Milk 1

Sea foods 1 3

4. Usage FactorTime between harvest and consumption of food (days)Time between harvest and consumption of food (days)Time between harvest and consumption of food (days)Time between harvest and consumption of food (days)


� Gaseous Releases

5. Off-Site Dose Calculation -Annual Release of Radioactivity� Liquid Releases

Nuclide Bq/yr % H-3(HTO) 2.41E+13 99.83 Ru-106 8.51E+09 0.04 Rh-106 8.14E+09 0.03 I-131 7.03E+09 0.03 I-133 3.70E+09 0.02

Cs-137 1.74E+09 0.01 I-135 1.63E+09 0.01

Cs-134 1.26E+09 0.01 La-140 1.22E+09 0.01

Ba-137m 1.07E+09 0.00 Others 7.52E+09 0.03 Total 2.41E+13 100.00

Nuclide Bq/yr %Kr-85 1.81E+14 66.78

H-3(HTO) 3.44E+13 12.69 Xe-133 3.00E+13 11.07

Xe-131m 2.11E+13 7.78 Xe-135 1.59E+12 0.59 Ar-41 1.26E+12 0.46 Kr-88 4.07E+11 0.15

Xe-133m 3.70E+11 0.14 C-14(CO2) 2.70E+11 0.10

Kr-85m 2.22E+11 0.08 Others 4.35E+11 0.16 Total 2.71E+14 100.00

Total 36 nuclides Total 54 nuclides


� Exposed dose for pathways (gaseous, 5(gaseous, 5(gaseous, 5(gaseous, 5----year child)year child)year child)year child)

Plume Ground deposition

Inhalation Food consumption

Thyroid dose(mSv)

Dose 2.62E-3 1.00E-4 2.25E-2 4.63E-2% 3.66 0.14 31.47 64.73

Effective dose(mSv)

Dose 2.70E-3 1.02E-4 6.14E-3 3.33E-2% 6.40 0.24 14.55 78.90

5. Off-Site Dose Calculation- Dose on Exposure Pathway

Seashoreactivities

Swimming Boating Food consumption

Thyroid dose

Dose 3.75E-6 5.22E-7 0.00E+0 1.33E-1% 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

Effective dose

Dose 3.79E-6 4.89E-7 0.00E+0 8.48E-3% 0.04 0.01 0.00 99.95

� Exposed dose for pathways (liquid, 5(liquid, 5(liquid, 5(liquid, 5----year child)year child)year child)year child)


� Gaseous Releases

5. Off-Site Dose Calculation- Dose by nuclide (5-year child)

� Liquid Releases

NUCLIDE mSv/yr %C-14 2.58E-02 61.08

H-3(HTO) 1.20E-02 28.41 I-131 1.12E-03 2.65 Ar-41 8.51E-04 2.01 Kr-85 5.04E-04 1.19

Xe-133 4.63E-04 1.10 Kr-88 4.43E-04 1.05 I-133 3.08E-04 0.73

Xe-135 2.01E-04 0.48 I-135 1.18E-04 0.28

Others 4.32E-04 1.02

NUCLIDE mSv/yr % I-131 6.03E-03 71.15

Ru-106 1.08E-03 12.74 Te-132 1.82E-04 2.15 I-133 1.75E-04 2.06 Fe-59 1.68E-04 1.98

Ce-144 1.41E-04 1.66 Fe-55 1.36E-04 1.60 Zn-65 1.31E-04 1.55 Co-60 8.86E-05 1.05

Ag-110m 6.32E-05 0.75 Others 2.80E-04 3.30

� Total

NUCLIDE mSv/yr %C-14 2.58E-02 50.88

H-3(HTO) 1.20E-02 23.67 I-131 7.15E-03 14.11

Ru-106 1.08E-03 2.13 Ar-41 8.51E-04 1.68 Kr-85 5.04E-04 0.99 I-133 4.83E-04 0.96

Xe-133 4.63E-04 0.91 Kr-88 4.43E-04 0.87

Xe-135 2.01E-04 0.40Others 2.10E-03 4.15


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Practice on Radionuclide Ranking in Korea · PDF filePractice on Radionuclide Ranking in Korea. ... Atmospheric Diffusion Factor at 560m EAB ... For gaseous radioactive effluents,